WO1997038578A1 - Stockage de materiaux - Google Patents
Stockage de materiaux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997038578A1 WO1997038578A1 PCT/GB1997/000993 GB9700993W WO9738578A1 WO 1997038578 A1 WO1997038578 A1 WO 1997038578A1 GB 9700993 W GB9700993 W GB 9700993W WO 9738578 A1 WO9738578 A1 WO 9738578A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- blood plasma
- dried
- solids
- drying
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 27
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108010054218 Factor VIII Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000001690 Factor VIII Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229960000301 factor viii Drugs 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010049003 Fibrinogen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000008946 Fibrinogen Human genes 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000008100 Human Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091006905 Human Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010000499 Thromboplastin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000002262 Thromboplastin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940012952 fibrinogen Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- PGOHTUIFYSHAQG-LJSDBVFPSA-N (2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]hexanoic acid Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1cnc[nH]1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)=O PGOHTUIFYSHAQG-LJSDBVFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBTMGCOVALSLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 32-alpha-galactosyl-3-alpha-galactosyl-galactose Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(OC2C(C(CO)OC(O)C2O)O)OC(CO)C1O DBTMGCOVALSLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100023804 Coagulation factor VII Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010053567 Coagulopathies Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RXVWSYJTUUKTEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-maltotriose Natural products OC1C(O)C(OC(C(O)CO)C(O)C(O)C=O)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 RXVWSYJTUUKTEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010014172 Factor V Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010023321 Factor VII Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010016275 Fear Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001917 Ficoll Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010009736 Protein Hydrolysates Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001719 carbohydrate derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003593 chromogenic compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035602 clotting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003869 coulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940012413 factor vii Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003944 halohydrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N mannotriose Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(CO)OC(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)C(O)C1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004252 protein component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003531 protein hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000185 sucrose group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-BYLHFPJWSA-N β-1,4-galactotrioside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-BYLHFPJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/10—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/16—Physical preservation processes
- A01N1/162—Temperature processes, e.g. following predefined temperature changes over time
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/10—Preservation of living parts
Definitions
- This invention relates to the storage of materials, more specifically blood plasma.
- materials more specifically blood plasma.
- EP-A-520748 it is explained that unstable biological materials can be placed in a stable form by spray drying them in the presence of an appropriate carrier substance which, when dried leads to a composition in the form of a glassy or rubbery amorphous state.
- an appropriate carrier substance which, when dried leads to a composition in the form of a glassy or rubbery amorphous state.
- the_material which is to be stored may occur in a form which already incorporates a suitable carrier substance, "and" in particular that this situation may arise with products derived from blood plasma where the material to be stored is a relatively minor component of the blood plasma and other components which naturally occur in the blood plasma, notably albumin, are able to form a glass on drying.”
- Whole blood such as given by a human blood donor, is routinely separated into a fraction which contains erythrocytes and a fraction which is blood plasma without erythrocytes. Both of these materials can be used for transfusion into a patient. It is also possible to fractionate the blood plasma further, to isolate specific components, and use the required component in therapy.
- Blood plasma cannot be stored at room temperature but can be frozen and stored indefinitely as the frozen material. Many hospitals have facilities for storing such frozen blood plasma.
- dried blood plasma This will be a composition, in the form of an amorphous glass or rubber (as to have the appearance of a solid) containing the solids of blood plasma.
- This composition is preferably in the form of an amorphous powder and may have a glass transition temperature of at least 15 * C, better at least 20 * C or above.
- the composition may possibly contain an added carrier material, mixed with the plasma solids. However, we have found that such an added carrier may be omitted, or may be present in an amount which is less than the weight of added plasma. Even when some carrier is added, the composition preferably contains at least 75% by weight plasma solids, better at least 80 or 90%.
- the glass transition temperature of blood plasma dried to a low moisture content and without added carrier is higher than would be predicted from the glass transition temperature of dried human albumin, even though albumin is a major constituent of the solutes in blood plasma.
- a preferred form of product is blood plasma, dried without addition of extra carrier substance, and having a glass transition temperature of at least 20 "C, better at least 25 * C or at least 30°C.
- composition may be such as to require minimal processing before transfusion.
- the blood plasma may be packaged in individual quantities of such a size as will give an appropriate volume for transfusion when rehydrated. Such a quantity may well be such as will require between 50 and- 1000 ml, more likely between 100 and 500 ml of water for rehydration to the original concentration found in blood plasma.
- the published value for the mean solids content of plasma is 8.6% by weight. Consequently, such an individual dose may contain plasma solids in a quantity between 4.3 and 86 grams, more likely between 8.6 and 43 grams.
- a method of rendering blood plasma suitable for storage which comprises spraying blood plasma into a hot gas stream, thereby drying the blood plasma to particles which are in a glassy or rubbery amorphous state and separating these particles from the gas stream.
- a glass is defined as an undercooled liquid with a very high viscosity, that is to say at least 10 Pa. s, probably 1014 Pa. s or more,
- a glass presents the appearance of a homogeneous, transparent, brittle solid which can be ground or milled to a powder.
- diffusive processes take place at extremely low rates, such as microns per year. Chemical or biochemical changes involving more than one reacting moiety are practically inhibited.
- T g a temperature known as the glass transition temperature T g .
- hydrophilic materials either water-soluble or water-swellable, both of a monomeric and a polymeric nature either exist in an amorphous state or can be converted into such an amorphous state which exhibit the glass/rubber transitions characteristic of amorphous macromolecules. They have well- defined glass transition temperatures T g which depend on the molecular weight and on molecular complexity of the substance concerned. T is depressed by the addition of plasticisers . Water is a universal plasticiser for all such hydrophilic materials. Therefore, the glass/rubber transition temperature is adjustable by the addition of water or an aqueous solution.
- the blood plasma may be obtained by conventional techniques for the separation of blood plasma from whole blood. Because of fears of virus infection, it is nowadays conventional that blood plasma is subjected to a treatment to inactivate any viruses present. (This may entail exposure of the blood plasma to solvent and to surfactant . ) Blood plasma which has been virus-inactivated in this way may be used.
- the blood plasma may be "whole" plasma in that it contains all the water-soluble constituents of blood (except gases) in their natural proportions relative to each other, although with their concentrations changed by the separation of erythrocytes and possibly by dilution with anticoagulant solution.
- the blood plasma may, if desired, be stored temporarily in the frozen state prior to drying. This may be found to be more convenient than carrying out the drying operation on freshly obtained blood plasma.
- At least 90% by weight of the dried plasma preferably at least 95%, will be solutes from natural plasma.
- any carrier substance should be a material which is hydrophilic so that it is either water-soluble or water-swellable and is such that it can exist in an amorphous state.
- carbohydrates are an important group of glass forming substances: thus candy is a glassy form of sugar (glucose or sucrose) .
- the T g for glucose, maltose and maltotriose are respectively 31, 43 and 76°C. (L. Slade and H. Levine, Non-equilibrium behaviour of small carbohydrate-water systems, Pure Appl. Chem. 6_0 1841
- polyhydroxy compounds can be used, such as carbohydrate derivatives and chemically modified carbohydrates (i.e. carbohydrates which have undergone chemical reaction to alter substituents on the carbon backbone of the molecule but without alteration of that backbone) .
- carbohydrate derivatives i.e. carbohydrates which have undergone chemical reaction to alter substituents on the carbon backbone of the molecule but without alteration of that backbone
- Another important class of glass forming substances are water-soluble or water-swellable synthetic polymers, such as polyacrylamide.
- albumin can be used, and so can hydrolysis products of- gelatin.
- a further group of glass forming substances which may in particular be employed are sugar copolymers described in US Patent 3 300 474 and sold by Pharmacia under the Registered Trade Mark “Ficoll”.
- This US patent describes the materials as having molecular weight 5,000 to 1,000,000 and containing sucrose residues linked through ether bridges to bifunctional groups.
- Such groups may be alkylene of 2, 3 or more carbon atoms but not normally more than 10 carbon atoms.
- the bifunctional groups serve to connect sugar residues together.
- These polymers may for example be made by reaction of the sugar with a halohydrin or a bis-epoxy compound.
- T values can be determined with a differential scanning calorimeter and can be detected as a point at which a plot of heat input against temperature passes through an inflection point - giving a maximum of the first temperature derivative.
- Processing begins with either liquid blood plasma or a mixture of such liquid blood plasma and an added carrier substance.
- the next step is a spray drying operation in which the aqueous mixture is sprayed into a hot gas stream.
- the gas employed will generally be air but it could be some other gas such as nitrogen. If the blood plasma will eventually be used in transfusion, the gas used to provide the hot gas stream should be sterile. Apparatus for the filtration of gas to render it sterile is commercially available and is routinely used in the pharmaceutical industry.
- the spray drying of blood plasma can be carried out effectively by spray drying the blood plasma (or mixture of blood plasma and added carrier) into a hot gas stream with a temperature in the range of 80 * C to 250 * C, better 125 * C to 250 * C.
- a laboratory scale spray dryer may well dry blood plasma to an amorphous powder with a small residual moisture content such that the amorphous powder displays a glass transition temperature in the range from -20 * C to 20 * C.
- the addition of a carrier substance may make it easier to obtain a higher value of T g in the spray drying operation.
- the added carrier substance is a glass forming material which, on its own, has a glass transition temperature of at least 40"C, better at least 50 * C. While there is no theoretical upper limit on the glass transition temperature for an added carrier material, in practice suitable materials have values of T g below 250 * C. Consequently if a carrier substance is added to the blood plasma it will frequently be the case that the glass transition temperature of this material when pure and amorphous lies in a range from 50 to 200 * C.
- Larger scale spray drying apparatus may well be able to dry blood plasma directly to a product with a T value of at least 15 * C or 20 * C even without any separate addition of carrier material to the blood plasma.
- Apparatus to carry out spray drying on a fairly small scale is available from various manufacturers.
- One is Drytec Ltd, Tonbridge, Kent, England who manufacture a pilot plant scale dryer.
- Another manufacturer is Lab-Plant Ltd of Longwood, Huddersfield, England who manufacture a laboratory scale dryer.
- Process plant to carry out spray drying on a larger scale is also well known.
- the spray dried blood plasma can be stored for a long time, provided the storage temperature is below the T g of the amorphous dried plasma.
- ⁇ _ of the dried plasma is sufficient high, storage can be at room temperature. However, if T g is close to or below room temperature it may be necessary or desirable.to refrigerate the dried plasma in cooled or refrigerated storage, especially if storage is for a prolonged period. This is less convenient but nevertheless requires less refrigeration capacity than does the storage of frozen plasma.
- blood plasma is dried to an amorphous state with a glass transition temperature below 15 * C it may be desired to keep it in refrigerated storage, at a temperature below 5 * C, to keep it below the glass transition temperature of the material.
- the dried blood plasma When required for use the dried blood plasma can be reconstituted by the addition of water or possibly aqueous saline solution. It will generally be desired that the water which is used is sterile so that if the spray drying was also carried out under sterile conditions the reconstituted blood plasma is in a sterile condition for use in transfusion. Apparatus for the purification of water to a sterile state is of course readily available.
- the sole drawing is a diagrammatic illustration of laboratory scale spray-drying apparatus.
- the droplets of spray are dried to solid powder form as they pass down within the main chamber 16.
- the powder is entrained in the air which has passed down the main chamber 16. This leaves by an exit tube 26 at one side delivering to a cyclone separator 28 which serves to remove entrained solid particles from the air stream.
- the solid particles which are separated from the air stream in this way are collected as the product in a detachable vessel 30 while the air passes out to atmosphere through an exhaust tube 32. Solids which stick to the wall of the main chamber fall into waste container 24.
- a significant parameter in the operation of any spray drying apparatus is the temperature of the gas stream which is admitted to the main chamber and into which the spray is delivered.
- this inlet temperature of the gas stream will generally exceed 80 * C, will usually exceed 90 * C and may well lie in a range from 100 to 250/300 * C.
- Albumin constitutes the largest single protein component (3-5% w/v) of plasma; it was therefore used as a model substance.
- An aqueous solution containing 299 mg/ml of human albumin, was diluted with distilled water to give a solution that contained 125 mg/ml of the protein.
- Portions of 2ml were pipetted into vials and frozen to - 37 * C in a freeze-drier.
- the temperature was maintained constant and the pressure was reduced to 0.21 mbar.
- the ice was completely sublimed during a period of 14 hours.
- the pressure was then reduced to 0.12 mbar and secondary drying was performed by ramping the temperature at a rate of 5 deg/hour to 30'C.
- the product was maintained at that temperature for 2 hours.
- One Unit (200ml) of frozen, virus-inactivated human plasma was thawed. Of the thawed plasma, 5ml was refrozen, to serve as control for subsequent assay. The remaining 195ml was added to 34ml distilled water and spray dried, using a Lab Plant Spray Drier, Model SD-04, the construction of which as shown in the drawing.
- the liquid plasma was pumped into the main chamber at a rate of 425 ml/h, being injected through a nozzle of 0.5mm diameter under a pressure of ⁇ 2 bar.
- the hot air was introduced into the chamber in a co-current manner, at a rate of 62 m 3 /h and a temperature of 200 * C.
- the outlet air had a temperature of 81 * C.
- the collected material was a straw- coloured, free-flowing powder.
- the yield of dried plasma collected was 72.5% of the amount predicted from the published mean solids content of plasma (8.6% by weight) . It was stored in a plasma bottle at -40 °C for two months, before carrying out assay as described below.
- One Unit (200ml) of frozen, virus-inactivated human plasma was thawed. Of the thawed plasma, 5ml was refrozen, to serve as control for subsequent assay. The remaining 195ml was added to 34ml distilled water and spray dried, using a Lab Plant Spray Drier, Model SD-04, as follows: The liquid plasma was pumped into the chamber at a rate of 350 ml/h, being injected through a nozzle of 0.5mm diameter under a pressure of ⁇ 2 bar. The hot air was introduced into the chamber in a co-current manner, at a rate of 64 m 3 /h and a temperature of 150'C. The outlet air had a temperature of 81 * C. The collected material was a pale yellow, free-flowing powder. The yield of dried plasma collected was 79.8% of the amount predicted. It was stored in a plasma bottle at -40 * C for two months, before carrying out assay as described below.
- One Unit (200ml) of frozen, virus-inactivated human plasma was thawed. Of the thawed plasma, 5ml was refrozen, to serve as control for subsequent assay. The remaining 195ml were spray dried, using a Lab Plant Spray Drier, Model SD-05, fitted with a scrubber to remove any entrained material from the exhaust gas.
- the liquid plasma was pumped into the main drying chamber at a rate of 175 ml/h, being injected through a nozzle of 0.5mm diameter under a pressure of ⁇ 2 bar.
- the hot air was introduced into the chamber in a co-current manner, at a rate of 52 m 3 /h and a temperature of 200 * C.
- the outlet air had a temperature of 91°C.
- the collected material was a straw coloured, free- flowing powder. The yield of dried plasma collected was 68%.
- One Unit (200ml) of frozen, virus-inactivated human plasma was thawed. Of the thawed plasma, 5ml was refrozen, to serve as control for subsequent assay. The remaining 195ml was added to 34ml distilled water which contained lOg sucrose of food grade and spray dried, using a Lab Plant Spray Drier, Model SD-04, as follows: The liquid mixture was pumped into the chamber at a rate of 425 ml/h, being injected through a nozzle of 0.5mm diameter under a pressure of ⁇ 2 bar. The hot air was introduced into the chamber in a co-current manner, at a rate of 62 m 3 /h and a temperature of 200'C. The outlet air had a temperature of 82"C. The collected material was a straw coloured, free- flowing powder. The yield of dried plasma collected was 74.3%. It was stored in a plasma bottle at -40'C for two months, before assay.
- Samples of blood plasma dried by procedures similar to Examples 2 to 5 were also taken (on dry ice) to a different laboratory, stored there for 5 months at -lOO'C, and analysed for the content of Factor VIII. The amount present was found to be slightly greater than the amount in control samples of blood plasma which had been stored frozen without drying.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP09536837A JP2000514783A (ja) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-04-10 | 物質の貯蔵 |
EP97916530A EP0892600A1 (fr) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-04-10 | Stockage de materiaux |
AU25152/97A AU732700B2 (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-04-10 | Storage of materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9607636.9 | 1996-04-12 | ||
GBGB9607636.9A GB9607636D0 (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1996-04-12 | Storage of materials |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997038578A1 true WO1997038578A1 (fr) | 1997-10-23 |
Family
ID=10791980
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1997/000993 WO1997038578A1 (fr) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-04-10 | Stockage de materiaux |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0892600A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2000514783A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU732700B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2251333A1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB9607636D0 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997038578A1 (fr) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006011534A1 (de) * | 2006-03-14 | 2007-09-20 | Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz | Plasma-Lyophilisat |
US8407912B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2013-04-02 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Spray dried human plasma |
US8533971B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-09-17 | Velico Medical, Inc. | System and method for spray drying a liquid |
US9867782B2 (en) | 2009-04-09 | 2018-01-16 | Entegrion, Inc. | Spray-dried blood products and methods of making same |
US10251911B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2019-04-09 | Entegrion, Inc. | Spray dried human plasma |
US10843100B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2020-11-24 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Spray drier assembly for automated spray drying |
US11052045B2 (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2021-07-06 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Formulations and methods for contemporaneous stabilization of active proteins during spray drying and storage |
US11841189B1 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2023-12-12 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Disposable for a spray drying system |
US11975274B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-05-07 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Blood plasma product |
US11998861B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-06-04 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Usability of a disposable for a spray drying plasma system |
US12083447B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-09-10 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Alignment of a disposable for a spray drying plasma system |
US12246266B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2025-03-11 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Disposable for a spray drying system |
US12246093B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2025-03-11 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Methods for making spray dried plasma |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5145706A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-09-08 | Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd. | Method for preparation of plasma powder and product thereof |
EP0520748A1 (fr) * | 1991-06-26 | 1992-12-30 | Pafra Limited | Emmagasinage de matériaux |
WO1993014191A1 (fr) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-07-22 | Cryopharm Corporation | Procede de congelation de cellules et de matieres analogues a des cellules |
-
1996
- 1996-04-12 GB GBGB9607636.9A patent/GB9607636D0/en active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-04-10 JP JP09536837A patent/JP2000514783A/ja active Pending
- 1997-04-10 EP EP97916530A patent/EP0892600A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-04-10 CA CA002251333A patent/CA2251333A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1997-04-10 WO PCT/GB1997/000993 patent/WO1997038578A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-04-10 AU AU25152/97A patent/AU732700B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5145706A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-09-08 | Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd. | Method for preparation of plasma powder and product thereof |
EP0520748A1 (fr) * | 1991-06-26 | 1992-12-30 | Pafra Limited | Emmagasinage de matériaux |
WO1993014191A1 (fr) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-07-22 | Cryopharm Corporation | Procede de congelation de cellules et de matieres analogues a des cellules |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
R. RAMANUJAM ET AL: "Stabilization of nucleic acids in whole blood: an alternative to Guthrie-cards.", BIOTECHNIQUES, vol. 15, no. 5, 1993, NATICK US, pages 825 - 828, XP002034861 * |
Cited By (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006011534A1 (de) * | 2006-03-14 | 2007-09-20 | Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz | Plasma-Lyophilisat |
US9867782B2 (en) | 2009-04-09 | 2018-01-16 | Entegrion, Inc. | Spray-dried blood products and methods of making same |
US11213488B2 (en) | 2009-04-09 | 2022-01-04 | Entegrion, Inc. | Spray-dried blood products and methods of making same |
US12208121B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2025-01-28 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Spray-dried human plasma |
US10251911B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2019-04-09 | Entegrion, Inc. | Spray dried human plasma |
US8407912B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2013-04-02 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Spray dried human plasma |
US8434242B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2013-05-07 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Spray dried human plasma |
US8601712B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-12-10 | Velico Medical, Inc. | System and method for spray drying a liquid |
US10843100B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2020-11-24 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Spray drier assembly for automated spray drying |
US8595950B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-12-03 | Velico Medical, Inc. | System and method for spray drying a liquid |
US8533972B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-09-17 | Velico Medical, Inc. | System and method for spray drying a liquid |
US8533971B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-09-17 | Velico Medical, Inc. | System and method for spray drying a liquid |
US12064518B2 (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2024-08-20 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Formulations and methods for contemporaneous stabilization of active proteins during spray drying and storage |
US11052045B2 (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2021-07-06 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Formulations and methods for contemporaneous stabilization of active proteins during spray drying and storage |
US11806431B2 (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2023-11-07 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Formulations and methods for contemporaneous stabilization of active proteins during spray drying and storage |
US11913723B1 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-02-27 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Baffle plate used in a disposable for a spray drying system |
US11975274B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-05-07 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Blood plasma product |
US11998861B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-06-04 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Usability of a disposable for a spray drying plasma system |
US11913722B1 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-02-27 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Rapid spray drying system |
US12083447B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-09-10 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Alignment of a disposable for a spray drying plasma system |
US12092397B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-09-17 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Disposable for a spray drying system |
US12201920B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2025-01-21 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Blood plasma product |
US11841189B1 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2023-12-12 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Disposable for a spray drying system |
US12247784B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2025-03-11 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Baffle plate used in a disposable for a spray drying system |
US12246266B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2025-03-11 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Disposable for a spray drying system |
US12246093B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2025-03-11 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Methods for making spray dried plasma |
US12253308B1 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2025-03-18 | Velico Medical Inc. | Disposable for a spray drying system |
US12274955B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2025-04-15 | Velico Medical, Inc | Usability of a disposable for a spray drying plasma system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2515297A (en) | 1997-11-07 |
CA2251333A1 (fr) | 1997-10-23 |
EP0892600A1 (fr) | 1999-01-27 |
JP2000514783A (ja) | 2000-11-07 |
GB9607636D0 (en) | 1996-06-12 |
AU732700B2 (en) | 2001-04-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2072420C (fr) | Procede de stockage de matieres | |
AU732700B2 (en) | Storage of materials | |
US20220106357A1 (en) | Plasma fractionation utilizing spray-dried human plasma | |
US6503411B1 (en) | Stable compositions | |
US8512754B2 (en) | Stabilized products, processes and devices for preparing the same | |
US5877005A (en) | Viral inactivation method using near critical, supercritical or critical fluids | |
JP2006512102A (ja) | 噴霧乾燥による生物活性材料の防腐 | |
AU2007231918A1 (en) | Preservation of bioactive materials by freeze dried foam | |
WO1995010601A1 (fr) | Procedes de conservation de virus de recombinaison | |
AU2011290609B2 (en) | Blood plasma lyophilization process | |
AU2003200950A1 (en) | Method for Reconstituting Lyophilized Proteins | |
AU2008201720B2 (en) | High pressure spray-dry of bioactive materials |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AU CA JP US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1997916530 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2251333 Country of ref document: CA Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2251333 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1997916530 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1997916530 Country of ref document: EP |