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WO1997037475A1 - Procede et systeme de communications entre un hote et un poste de travail decentralise - Google Patents

Procede et systeme de communications entre un hote et un poste de travail decentralise Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997037475A1
WO1997037475A1 PCT/GB1997/000713 GB9700713W WO9737475A1 WO 1997037475 A1 WO1997037475 A1 WO 1997037475A1 GB 9700713 W GB9700713 W GB 9700713W WO 9737475 A1 WO9737475 A1 WO 9737475A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
terminal
central computer
computer system
remote terminal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1997/000713
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William Johnston
Original Assignee
British Telecommunications Public Limited Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Telecommunications Public Limited Company filed Critical British Telecommunications Public Limited Company
Priority to JP9535003A priority Critical patent/JP2000508139A/ja
Priority to AU19354/97A priority patent/AU1935497A/en
Publication of WO1997037475A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997037475A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/14—Session management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/131—Protocols for games, networked simulations or virtual reality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/329—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the application layer [OSI layer 7]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of communication over a telecommunications network and in particular to such communication between a central computer system and a remote terminal.
  • Remote access software Software, commonly referred to as “remote access software”, has been developed which permits a user to control an application program running on a remote computer from a local computer via a computer modem connection.
  • a method of communication over a telecommunications network between a central computer system and a remote computer terminal the terminal including storage means
  • the method comprising: loading the storage means with data related to an application program prior to execution of the application program; establishing a connection between the terminal and the central computer system via the network; transmitting a command from the central computer system via the network to the terminal to cause the terminal to read specified data from the storage means; and arranging the command and the specified data such that less transmission bandwidth is required over the network to transmit the command than would be required to transmit the data.
  • a computing means for communicating with a remote computer terminal over a telecommunications network, the computing means having processing means arranged to execute an application program under the control of a remote terminal, and responsive to commands from the remote terminal to transmit commands to the remote terminal to cause accessing by the remote terminal of data stored in the remote terminal.
  • a computer terminal having transceiver means for communicating with a remote computing means, processing means, data input means for controlling the processing means, and program storage means, the processing means being arranged: to retrieve a program from the program storage means, the program including initial data; to transmit, by means of the transceiver means commands to the remote computing means; to receive commands by means of the transceiver means; and to respond to the commands so received to operate on the initial data.
  • the application program and commands may control the generation of an image on a display means.
  • the image data may be text, graphics, or any other data.
  • the invention may also be used to process data which is not displayed directly on a display means, for example to allow amendment or updating of a data file, the method may include the steps of : transmitting data from the central computer system to the remote terminal; storing a duplicate version of the data in the remote terminal for subsequent use; establishing a record in the central computer system to identify that said data has been transmitted to the remote terminal; if the remote terminal requests the data subsequently, accessing the duplicate version of the data stored in the remote terminal.
  • the storage means will be non-volatile storage means such as a hard disk drive, programmable ROM (read-only memory) or battery-backed RAM (random access memory).
  • the present invention can yield considerable data compression, and so is particularly suited for use over a mobile telephone connection such as that provided by a digital mobile telephone system.
  • a mobile telephone connection such as that provided by a digital mobile telephone system.
  • the maximum bandwidth of such connections is 9.6kb ⁇ t/s and this has been found impractical for use with traditional remote-access software, but it would be adequate for the method of the present invention.
  • data transmission services provided over GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) networks will shortly be available on a "pay- per-packet" basis so that a user pays according to the amount of data being transmitted, regardless of the length of time the connection is maintained.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • the method preferably includes incorporating a connection over a digital mobile telephone network into the connection established between the terminal and the central computer system.
  • the commands are transmitted under the control of an application program executing on the central computer system.
  • the remote terminal may simply comprise the display means, a user input device, the storage means, and any necessary hardware to interconnect these components and to communicate with the central computer system. Since the application program is executing on the central computer system and not on the remote terminal, very little processing power is required in the terminal. In particular, only the results of the processing need be returned to the user. Thus the terminal may be cheap and lightweight, and may require less power consumption than a typical present-day notebook computer. Furthermore, upgrades in necessary processing power may be performed centrally and need not require an upgraded terminal, except insofar as new or modified data may be required to be loaded in the storage means to support such new applications.
  • Commands may be entered at the remote terminal using any conventional input device such as a keyboard.
  • the remote terminal includes a pointing device such as a "mouse” or cursor keys, and the display means is arranged to display a pointer (or “cursor") movable under control of the pointing device
  • the method advantageously includes the transmission of information related to the position of the pointer to the central computer system only when a user of the terminal issues a command requiring execution by the central computer system.
  • a command is issued by releasing a mouse button during a "drag” operation, clicking or double clicking of a mouse button, or pressing a key on a keyboard. In this way, transmission bandwidth is not taken up by unnecessary transmissions of the current position of the mouse or pointer.
  • the correlation between the position of the pointing device and the position of the pointer on the display is undertaken by the remote terminal and only when action need be taken by the central computer system (i.e. when a command is issued) need any information be transmitted to the central computer system. This further reduces the bandwidth requirement of the present invention.
  • the method preferably includes the transmission of text from the terminal to the central computer system and/or vice versa in blocks.
  • the text can be transmitted more efficiently, in particular by reducing the number of control characters required, and by allowing errors to be corrected before transmission.
  • the amount of buffering which is appropriate will depend on the individual characteristics of the system, in particular the capacity of the buffer memory in the user terminal, and the amount of delay involved when the data is eventually transmitted (which depends on the amount of data to be sent).
  • the system includes the facility to allow a user terminal to access a data file from a master version of the file stored by the central computer, and to store a duplicate of the data for subsequent use, and to record at the central computer that such a duplicate has been stored, thereby eliminating the need for the same data to be again transmitted during a subsequent session.
  • Amendments to the data in the duplicate version may be communicated to the central computer to allow corresponding amendment to the master version.
  • the central computer is arranged to delete or modify the record of the presence of such a duplicate in the event that the duplicate version stored in the remote terminal ceases to correspond with the master version stored in the central computer. This may occur, for example, because the duplicate has been over-written, or because the master version has been amended by another user.
  • the user terminal may check the current status of the data in the central computer, for example by comparing a version number stored at the local terminal with one stored in the central computer
  • the initial data is loaded into the storage means by downloading data from the central computer system
  • This may be a service provided by the telecommunications network operator (or a third party) to allow terminal users to update the information stored in their terminals to take advantage of different or updated application programs available on the central computer system. Further data can be downloaded later, either as required to meet particular commands from the user terminal, or using spare capacity in the communications link, in anticipation of it being requiredsubsequently
  • the system of the invention can be run using any suitable operating system on the central computer, for example the Solaris 2.5 UNIX platform or the Microsoft "Windows NT 4 0" operating system, with the user system operating under a compatible system such as Microsoft "Windows 95".
  • Dial-up server facilities are already available on these systems, allowing the user to specify what protocol to operate under and how it should be configured
  • One suitable protocol is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
  • HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • the invention can be implemented by adding to these existing systems by carrying out a small amount of processing at the user terminal, allowing a reduction in the amount of data to be transferred. In particular, by duplicating certain frequently-used data, such as applications screens, only such information need be exchanged as is necessary to modify the data, such that both copies of the data remain in agreement.
  • the system can be arranged to appear to the user as if it is running the application on the central computer in the conventional manner, butvery much less dat transfer is requiredbetween the user's terminal and the central computer.
  • the interface between the central computer and the remote terminal must be configured to correctly intercept and process commands according to the remote terminal type.
  • the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) facility allows client identification, including the characteristics and capabilities of the remote terminal with which comunication is being established
  • Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a central computer system and a remote terminal in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram showing some of the functional elements of the system in greater detail
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of one function of the system
  • FIG 4 is a flow chart illustrating a modification of Figure 3.
  • a remote terminal 2 is coupled via a digital communications link to a GSM-type transceiver 4
  • the transceiver 4 communicates with a GSM base station 6 forming part of a telecommunications network (shown generally as 8) .
  • the terminal 2 comprises a processing unit 10, display means 1 2, storage means 14 and user input means 1 5
  • the user input means 1 5 includes a position transducer (e.g a computer “mouse”) 1 6 and input command means such as the
  • the control means 10 is coupled via a serial data link to the transceiver 4
  • the central computer system 1 8 includes, amongst other things, storage means 20 which hold one or more application programs and user data, and processing means 22 to respond to inputs received over the communications network 8, and to generate commands.
  • the processing means 22 includes a buffer store 24 to store command inputs, and a data compression processor 26 to combine several command inputs into a form suitable for transmission to, and processing by, the computer 1 8.
  • compressed image command data received from the computer 18 is decompressed by a decompression processor 28 for display by the display means 1 2.
  • the storage means 14 of the user terminal 2 is loaded with some application programmes, to allow it to co-operate with the computer system 1 8.
  • an application is called up in the computer system 18 by transmission of a command from the terminal 2 via the transceiver 4, base station 6, and network 8.
  • the application will be established after a user has responded to information presented on the display means 1 2 in the form of a "welcome screen".
  • the welcome screen is stored locally in the storage means 14 and includes a menu of application programs which the user may choose to execute.
  • the welcome screen should emulate the screen that a user of the conventional system, i.e. in direct contact with the central computer, would see when first switching on. The user's selection is made using the input means 1 5 in conjunction with the welcome screen displayed on the display means 1 2.
  • the central computer system 1 8 has to identify the user terminal 2 with which the connection is being established, preferably by using the CGI mechanisms. This allows the central computer system 1 8 to configure its operation according to the user terminal 2, in particular the operating system it is operating under, the information currently stored in the storage means 14, its communications capabilities (in particular the maximum bit-rate it can receive) and any user-specific authorisations (e.g. read-only) for data stored by the central computer system 18.
  • the user may be required to confirm his identity manually, e.g. by entering a password.
  • the terminal 2 is instructed by the central computer system to retrieve an appropriate screen from the local storage means 14 and display it on the display means 12.
  • This screen relates to the application program which is executing on the processing means 22 of the central computer system 1 8.
  • the user is presented with what appears to be the application running on this local terminal although in actual fact the application is running on the processing means 22 of the central computer system and minimal amounts of data have been passed between the central computer system 1 8 and the remote terminal 2 to reach this stage.
  • the central computer system (having previous knowledge of which screens are already held locally by the remote terminal) sends graphic data or "image commands" to cause display of new screens, new parts of screens, or modifications of the screen currently displayed as and when necessary
  • the remote terminal 2 will have been pre-loaded with at least the most common screens required by the application program so that only rarely is it necessary to send large amounts of data over the established connection.
  • Spare capacity in the telecommunications link 8, 6, 4 can be used to transmit data relating to upgrades, new screens, and other data, for storage in the storage means 14 in anticipation of it being required subsequently, subject to capacity in the storage means 1 4 being available. This allows more rapid access of the data when itr is eventually required.
  • the remote terminal 2 does not transmit all details of mouse and pointer movements but only transmits mouse/pointer co-ordinates when a command is entered, for example by clicking on the mouse 1 a or by pressing an "enter" key on the keyboard 1 7b. This reduces the bandwidth requirement for the connection established between the central computer system 18 and the remote terminal 2, whilst allowing the central computer system to track the current state of the remote terminal at those instants when a response is required from it.
  • the central computer 1 8 and the terminal 2 may for example operate to achieve the "dragging" of an item on the screen, by passing between them only the co ⁇ ordinates of the end of the drag operation, rather than a full update of the particular pixels on the display means which must be altered during the drag operation.
  • both the processing means 22 of the central computer system 1 8 and the remote terminal 2 then calculate how the screen should appear at the end of the operation so that they resume synchronisation and in particular so that the processing means 22 of the central computer system 1 8 can correctly interpret any subsequent commands received from the remote terminal 2
  • Figure 2 shows the computer terminal 2 and central computer system 1 8 in more detail, including certain of the functional elements necessary for the updating of the image It will be appreciated that these functional elements will be embodied in software configured to run on the computer terminal 2 and central computer system 1 8.
  • the input device 1 5 (illustrated as a mouse) includes a position transponder 1 6 and a command input device, such as the "click" button 1 7a of the mouse.
  • a position transponder 1 6 and a command input device, such as the "click" button 1 7a of the mouse.
  • the movement of the mouse is tracked by transducers responsive to the motion of the mouse over a surface, which is converted by a vector conversion unit 30 into movement vectors These in turn are converted into position co-ordinates in a position determination unit 32.
  • the output from the position determination unit 32 is fed to an image generation unit 34, which has the functionality necessary for generating an image of a cursor 44 at the appropriate location on the display device 1 2.
  • the image generation device 34 has other inputs, as will be described later
  • a "send" function 36 which retrieves the current position of the cursor as determined by the position determination function 32, and transmits this position, by way of the communications link 4, 6, to the central computer system 1 8
  • a position update function 38 responds to the position information to identify the position of the cursor, and updates a stored version of the image represented on the display device 1 2, which is stored in the central computer in a store 46.
  • the action of transmitting the update information by means of the send function 36 acts to modify the image stored in the store 46 to match that displayed on the display device 1 2.
  • the mouse's motion is tracked in real time locally, but is discontinuously tracked at the central computer.
  • the modified image recorded by the position update function 38 is fed to the processing unit 22 which acts according to the input represented by the modified image For example, "clicking" (using the button 17a) when the cursor 44 is in an area of the screen in which a specified icon is displayed, causes processing associated with that icon to be carried out. This process may itself cause a further modification to the image stored in the store 46. This may be a small change such as highlighting an icon which has been selected, or it may require a completely different image to be called up, depending on the function represented by the icon which has been "clicked” on.
  • the generation of the modified image also activates an image command unit 40 which determines how to modify the image displayed on the display means 1 2 to match the new image stored in the store 46.
  • the modification could be to- modify the relevant part of an image, e.g. by modifying a icon; perform some other operation on an existing image, such as shifting or enlarging; retrieve a new image from the store 14, or upload a new image, or part image, from the main computer 18.
  • the command unit 40 generates the appropriate image command, and transmits it to the remote terminal 2 and is there received in an image command receive unit 42
  • This image command is then passed to the image control unit 34, which retrieves any images required from the store 14, and then generates the required modified image, (i.e. with changed image elements, translated or enlarged parts, or a completely new image retrieved from the stores 14 or 46), to modify the image displayed on the display unit 1 2 to again match that stored in the store 46 in the central computer system 1 8.
  • the central computer system 18 When a request is made by the user to access a data file (step 101 ), for instance by transmitting a command, the central computer system 18 would, in general, be required to retrieve a copy of the file from its own storage means 20 and transmit the copy over the communications link 4, 6 to the terminal 2 (step 1 1 3). However, the central computer system 1 8, when it receives the command, first evaluates it (steps 102, 105, 106) to determine whether the remote terminal needs to be sent the requested information, or simply a reference to a document already held by the remote terminal 2.
  • any data which is transferred is also stored in the terminal's own storage means 14, (step 1 1 6) and the fact of this storage is recorded as a 'flag' in the central computer storage means 20 (step 1 14) . If, in a subsequent session, the user requires access to the same file, the central computer system 18 identifies from the presence of the 'flag' in the storage means that the user terminal already has this data (step 105), thereby avoiding the unnecessary re-transmission of the same data.
  • Amendments made by the user to the data in such a file are performed on both copies whilst the user is on-line (step 1 1 7) . If other users have w ⁇ te-access to the same data, amendments made to the copy in the central storage means 20 by such other users whilst the first user is off-line cause the 'flag' to be deleted, to indicate that the first user no longer has the current version, and the amended version will require downloading should the first user require the datafiie in a future session. If a substantial part of the document is unchanged, a different flag may be placed on the data, to instruct the central computer system 18 to transmit only amendment instructions to the user terminal 2 (step 108).
  • the 'flags' in the central computers' data store are, of course, user- specific, as different users will have accessed the same data at different times and therefore will have different versions stored locally.
  • the capacity of the data store 14 in the terminal 2 may be limited, and so stored data may require to be periodically over-written by the new data. In such a case, the 'flag' stored in the central computer 1 8 will be incorrect.
  • the remote terminal 2 may transmit a signal to the central computer 1 8 instructing it to remove the 'flag' .
  • a flag stored in the central computer indicates the time of the latest update, (e.g. as a "version number" which is incremented by 1 every time the data is modified) , This flag is compared with a flag stored with the locally stored version of the data (step207), and if they do not correspond this indicates that an update is required.
  • Update information may be stored in the central computer, corresponding to that information necessary to convert the data from the version corrseponding to each flag value into the latest version. Thus only that data needed to modify the data already held need be transmitted.
  • the remote terminal identifies from a comparison of flag values, whether an update is required, and the flag values held in the central computer do not need to be user-specific.
  • a user requests data (step 101 ) this request is transmitted to the central computer 1 8.
  • the central computer identifies the data that is requested (step 102) and first checks that the user is permitted access to such data (step 103). If in fact this is not permitted, either because of insufficient access privileges, the request is rejected (step 1 04) .
  • the new user may be offered the possibility of making a read-only copy, or having the data downloaded when the current user has completed his session.
  • the central computer system 1 8 checks for the presence of a flag (step 105). If no flag is present the computer 1 8 next retrieves the requested data and transmits it to the user (step 1 1 3) .
  • the data is stored in store 14 of the terminal 2 (step 1 1 6) and (in the process of Figure3) the flag in the store 20 of the central computer 1 8 is created to record this fact (step 1 14) .
  • step 105 if a flag is already present (step 105) then the system first checks (step 106) whether the flag is an "update” flag, indicating that the version currently stored by the user is not the latest version. If the "update" flag is not present, this indicates that the version stored by the user is the same as that in the central store 20. In this case the central computer 1 8 transmits an instruction to the user terminal (step 107) to use the version of the data already stored in the data store 14 of the terminal 2. If the update flag is set then the central computer system 1 8 transmits an instruction to first modify the current version to reflect the changes which have been made since the user last accessed the data (step 108), and then to use this modified version.
  • the user terminal 2 retrieves the version of the data currently stored in the store 14 (step 109a, 109b). The user terminal 2 next checks (step 1 10a, 1 10b) whether the version present in the store 14 is the current version, by following the instructions transmitted from the central computer in steps 107/108.
  • step 1 1 1 If the data is not present (e g. because it has been overwritten to make way for more recent data, or because it has been corrupted), then a "not found" signal is transmitted (step 1 1 1 ) to the central computer 1 8. On receiving such a signal (step 1 1 2) the central computer 18 retrieves the relevant data and transmits it to the user terminal 2 in the same way if there had been no flag on the data for that user (step 1 1 3) . On transmitting the data to the user the user flag is amended (step 1 1 4) to identify that the user now has the current version of the data.
  • step 1 10a If the user terminal 2 successfully retrieves the data from the store (steps 1 10a, 1 10b) then the data is updated (step 1 1 5) using the update instructions transmitted from the central computer 1 8 (step 108), if any.
  • the updated version is stored in the store 14 (step 1 1 6), overwriting the previous version that was stored there
  • the version retrieved from the store (step 109a) or as newly retrieved (step 1 1 3), or updated (step 1 1 5) can then be used by the remote terminal 2 (step 1 1 7).
  • any changes which are made to data files are transmitted back to the central computer 1 8 so that amendments can be stored in the corresponding data file 20 at the central computer (step 1 18). If any such amendments are made, the flags corresponding to other users and relating to that data file are amended to indicate that they no longer have the current version.
  • the central computer 18 responds to the presence of a flag indicating whether the user terminal 2 has already got the data (step 105).
  • the flag may be retrieved from the store 14 in the user terminal 2). If the flag is not present, the central computer transmits the data (step 1 1 3) as in Figure 3. However, if the flag is present, the central computer next transmits a version number (step 206). This is compared with the version number stored in the user terminal 2 (step 207). If they correspond, this indicates that the data in the central computer has not been amended since the data in the user terminal was last modified, and the user terminal can use its currently stored version (step 1 17).
  • the user terminal 2 transmits its own version number (step 208), which is used by the central computer to retrieve updating data specific to the version identified by the user terminal 2 (step 209), which can be used to amend that version to correspond with the newer version of the data in the central computer 22 (step 21 1 ).
  • This data is transmitted to the user terminal (step 210), and used to update the data already stored there (step 21 1 ). This is more efficient than retransmitting and the entire datafiie, overwriting the old version, since the amendments may be quite minor.
  • the revised version is stored in the user store 14, and any amendments made by the user are transmitted back to the central computer 22 (step 1 17), for storing as a new version, resulting in an incrementing of the version number so that another user can receive the new update data generated by the current user.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
  • Computer And Data Communications (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de communication entre un ordinateur central et un poste décentralisé par l'intermédiaire d'un réseau de télécommunications. Le poste décentralisé possède un moyen de stockage pour le stockage local de données. Pour réduire les besoins en largeur de bande requis par une liaison entre le poste décentralisé et l'ordinateur central, ce dernier transmet au poste décentralisé une instruction pour qu'il présente ses données stockées localement plutôt que de les transmettre. De plus, le poste décentralisé ne fournit d'informations sur la position des curseurs d'écran que si l'on entre une instruction, par exemple en cliquant à l'aide d'une souris. Les besoins en largeur de bande s'en trouvent encore réduits puisqu'il n'est plus nécessaire d'actualiser constamment l'ordinateur central quant à la position du curseur.
PCT/GB1997/000713 1996-03-29 1997-03-13 Procede et systeme de communications entre un hote et un poste de travail decentralise WO1997037475A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9535003A JP2000508139A (ja) 1996-03-29 1997-03-13 ホストと遠隔ワークステーションとの間の通信方法及びシステム
AU19354/97A AU1935497A (en) 1996-03-29 1997-03-13 Communication method and system between host and remote workstation

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96302272.8 1996-03-29
EP96302272 1996-03-29
US71205096A 1996-09-10 1996-09-10

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2000054474A3 (fr) * 1999-03-08 2000-12-28 Bosch Gmbh Robert Procede d'echange de donnees de signalisation
EP1174793A2 (fr) 2000-06-21 2002-01-23 Microsoft Corporation Système et procédé avec architecture d'applications multi-niveaux
EP1174793A3 (fr) * 2000-06-21 2008-04-16 Microsoft Corporation Système et procédé avec architecture d'applications multi-niveaux
US6981277B1 (en) 2000-11-10 2005-12-27 International Business Machines Corporation Apparatus and method for conducting non-authentication task using workstation authentication system
WO2003017094A3 (fr) * 2001-08-20 2003-07-31 Applied Reasoning Systems Corp Systeme et procede de mise en oeuvre de cadre d'applications sans fil petit client centrees sur le serveur

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