WO1997036039A1 - A multicomponent system for changing, degrading or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances and processes for its use - Google Patents
A multicomponent system for changing, degrading or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances and processes for its use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997036039A1 WO1997036039A1 PCT/EP1997/001545 EP9701545W WO9736039A1 WO 1997036039 A1 WO1997036039 A1 WO 1997036039A1 EP 9701545 W EP9701545 W EP 9701545W WO 9736039 A1 WO9736039 A1 WO 9736039A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- radical
- lignin
- alkyl
- salt
- ester
- Prior art date
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- -1 hydroxy, formyl Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Chemical compound C1=CCC(C(=O)N)=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O2)N2C3=NC=NC(N)=C3N=C2)O)O1 BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 1
- 229940055729 papain Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019834 papain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940111202 pepsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004076 pulp bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021309 simple sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004354 sulfur functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-L-hydroxy-proline Natural products ON1CCCC1C(O)=O FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001221 xylan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004823 xylans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/1026—Other features in bleaching processes
- D21C9/1036—Use of compounds accelerating or improving the efficiency of the processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/003—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing enzymes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0055—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on diphenols and related substances as donors (1.10)
- C12N9/0057—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on diphenols and related substances as donors (1.10) with oxygen as acceptor (1.10.3)
- C12N9/0061—Laccase (1.10.3.2)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/22—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group aromatic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
- D21C5/005—Treatment of cellulose-containing material with microorganisms or enzymes
Definitions
- Multi-component system for changing, breaking down or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances as well as processes for its use
- the present invention relates to a multi-component system for changing, breaking down or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances, and methods for its use.
- the sulfate and sulfite processes are the main processes used today for pulp production. With both methods, pulp is produced under cooking and under pressure.
- the sulfate process works with the addition of NaOH and Na 2 S, while Ca (HS0 3 ) 2 + S0 2 is used in the sulfite process.
- the main aim of all processes is to remove the lignin from the plant material, wood or annual plants used.
- the lignin which is the main constituent of the plant material (stem or stem) with cellulose and hemicellulose, must be removed, otherwise it will not be possible to produce non-yellowing and mechanically heavy-duty papers.
- the wood-based production processes work with stone grinders (wood sanding) or with refiners (TMP), which defibrillate the wood by grinding after appropriate pretreatment (chemical, thermal or chemical-thermal).
- stone grinders wood sanding
- TMP refiners
- Biopulping is the treatment of wood chips with living mushroom systems.
- Another advantage is the mostly existing improvement in the mechanical properties of the fabric, a disadvantage the poorer final whiteness.
- Biobleaching also works with in-vivo systems.
- the boiled pulp (Softwood / Hardwood) is inoculated with fungus before bleaching and treated for days to weeks. Only after this long treatment time does a significant decrease in kappa number and increase in whiteness become apparent, which makes the process uneconomical for implementation in the usual bleaching sequences.
- Another application which is usually carried out with immobilized fungal systems, is the treatment of pulp wastewater, in particular bleaching wastewater, for decolorization and reduction of the AOX (reduction of chlorinated compounds in the wastewater which cause chlorine or chlorine dioxide bleaching stages).
- chelating substances siderophores such as ammonium oxalate
- biosurfactants are assumed to be the cofactor.
- the application PCT / EP87 / 00635 describes a system for removing lignin from lignin-cellulose-containing material under simultaneous bleaching, which works with lignolytic enzymes from white rot fungi with the addition of reducing and oxidizing agents and phenolic compounds as mediators.
- enhancer substances are organic chemicals which contain at least two aromatic rings, at least one of which is substituted with respectively defined radicals.
- WO 94/29510 describes a method for enzymatic delignification, in which enzymes are used together with mediators.
- Compounds with the structure NO, NOH or HRNOH are generally disclosed as mediators.
- HBT 1-Hydroxy-lH-benzotriazole
- the present invention relates to a multi-component system for changing, breaking down or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances
- mediator characterized in that the mediator is selected from the group of oximes of the general formula I or II
- X is the same or different and is 0, S, or NR- 1 - where
- R 1 hydrogen, hydroxy, formyl, carbamoyl, Sulfonorest, ester or salt of Sulfonorests, sulfamoyl, nitro, amino, phenyl, aryl-C 1 - C 5 ⁇ alkyl, C 1 -C 12 -Alkyl-, C 1 -C 5 -alkoxy-, Means phospho, phosphono, phosphonooxy, ester or salt of the phosphonooxy, where carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, amino and phenyl unsubsti- r y tuiert or may be mono- or polysubstituted by a radical R, and aryl-C - ⁇ - Cg-alkyl, C-
- R 2 is the same or different and is hydroxyl, formyl, carboxy, ester or salt of carboxy, carbamoyl, sulfono ester or salt of sulfono, sulfamoyl, nitro, amino, phenyl, CL-Cg- Alkyl, C j -C ⁇ alkoxy radical means and
- radicals R 3 and R 4 are identical or different and are halogen, carboxy, ester or salt of the carboxy radical, or have the meanings mentioned for R, or are linked to form a ring t-CR 7RRl n with n equal to 2, 3 or 4 are and
- R 5 and R6 have the meanings given for R1 and
- R 7 and R8 are identical or different and represent halogen, carboxy radical, ester or salt of the carboxy radical, or have the meanings mentioned for R.
- mediators in the multicomponent system according to the invention are compounds of the general formula I in which X is 0 or S and the other radicals have the meanings given above.
- An example of such a compound is dimethyl 2-hydroxyiminomalonate.
- mediators are isonitroso derivatives of cyclic ureides of the general formula II.
- examples of such compounds are 1-methylvioluric acid, 1, 3-dimethylvioluric acid, thiovioluric acid, alloxane-4, 5-dioxime,
- mediator is alloxan-5-oxime hydrate (violuric acid) and / or its esters, ethers or salts.
- the multicomponent system according to the invention contains mediators which are less expensive than HBT.
- the multicomponent system according to the invention preferably comprises at least one oxidation catalyst.
- Enzymes are preferably used as oxidation catalysts in the multicomponent system according to the invention.
- the term enzyme also encompasses enzymatically active proteins or peptides or prosthetic groups of enzymes.
- Oxidoreductases of classes 1.1.1 to 1.97 according to the International Enzyme Nomenclature, Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Enzyme Nomenclature, Academic Press, Inc., 1992, pp. 24-154) can be used as the enzyme in the multicomponent system according to the invention. be used.
- Enzymes of the classes mentioned below are preferably used:
- Class 1.1 enzymes which comprise all dehydrogenases which act on primary, secondary alcohols and semiacetals, and which accept NAD + or NADP + (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (0 2 ) (1.1.3), disulfides (1.1.4), quinones (1.1.5) or the other acceptors (1.1.99).
- the enzymes of class 1.1.5 with quinones as acceptors and the enzymes of class 1.1.3 with oxygen as acceptors are particularly preferred.
- Cellobiose quinone-1-oxidoreductase (1.1.5.1) is particularly preferred in this class. Enzymes of class 1.2 are also preferred. This class of enzymes (1.1.5.1) includes those enzymes which oxidize aldehydes to the corresponding acids or oxo groups.
- the acceptors can be NAD + , NADP + (1.2.1), cytochromes (1.2.2), oxygen (1.2.3), sulfides (1.2.4), iron-sulfur proteins (1.2.5) or other acceptors (1.2.99).
- the enzymes of group (1.2.3) with oxygen as the acceptor are particularly preferred here.
- Enzymes of class 1.3 are also preferred. This class includes enzymes that act on CH-CH groups of the donor.
- acceptors are NAD + , NADP + (1.3.1), Cyto ⁇ chrome (1.3.2), oxygen (1.3.3), quinones or related compounds (1.3.5), iron-sulfur proteins (1.3.7 ) or other acceptors (1.3.99).
- Bilirubin oxidase (1.3.3.5) is particularly preferred.
- the enzymes of class (1.3.3) with oxygen as the acceptor and (1.3.5) with quinones etc. as the acceptor are also particularly preferred here.
- class 1.4 enzymes which act on CH-NH 2 groups of the donor.
- acceptors are NAD + , NADP + (1.4.1), cytochrome (1.4.2), oxygen (1.4.3), disulfides (1.4.4), iron-sulfur proteins (1.4.7) or others Acceptors (1.4.99).
- Enzymes of class 1.4.3 with oxygen as the acceptor are also particularly preferred here.
- class 1.5 enzymes which act on CH-NH groups of the donor.
- acceptors are NAD + , NADP + (1.5.1), oxygen (1.5.3), disulfide (1.5.4), quinones (1.5.5) or other acceptors (1.5.99).
- Enzymes with oxygen (0 2 ) (1.5.3) and with quinones (1.5.5) as acceptors are also particularly preferred here.
- Enzymes of class 1.6 which act on NADH or NADPH are also preferred.
- acceptors here are NADP + (1.6.1), heme proteins (1.6.2), disulfides (1.6.4), quinones (1.6.5), N0 2 groups (1.6.6), and a flavin (1.6.8 ) or some other acceptors (1.6.99).
- Enzymes of class 1.6.5 with quinones as acceptors are particularly preferred here.
- class 1.7 enzymes which act as donors on other N0 2 compounds and acceptors cytochrome (1.7.2), oxygen (0 2 ) (1.7.3), iron-sulfur proteins (1.7 .7) or others (1.7.99).
- class 1.8 enzymes which act as donors on sulfur groups and NAD + , NADP + (1.8.1), cytochromes (1.8.2), oxygen (0 2 ) (1.8.3), disulphides as acceptors de (1.8.4), quinones (1.8.5), iron-sulfur proteins (1.8.7) or others (1.8.99).
- Class 1.8.3 with oxygen is particularly preferred and (1.8.5) with quinones as acceptors.
- class 1.9 enzymes which act as donors on heme groups and have oxygen (0 2 ) (1.9.3), NO 2 compounds (1.9.6) and others (1.9.99) as acceptors.
- Group 1.9.3 with oxygen (0 2 ) as acceptor (cytochrome oxidases) is particularly preferred here.
- class 1.12 enzymes which act as a donor on hydrogen.
- the acceptors are NAD + or NADP + (1.12.1) or others (1.12.99).
- Enzymes of class 1.13 and 1.14 are also preferred.
- Preferred enzymes are also those of class 1.15 which act as acceptors on superoxide radicals.
- Superoxide dismutase (1.15.1.1) is particularly preferred here.
- Enzymes of class 1.16 are also preferred.
- Enzymes of class 1.16.3.1 (ferroxidase, e.g. ceruloplasmin) are particularly preferred here.
- the cytochrome C peroxidases (1.11.1.5), catalase (1.11.1.6), the peroxidase (1.11.1.6), the iodide peroxidase (1.11.1.8), the glutathione peroxidase (1.11.1.9), the chloride peroxidase (1.11.1.10), the L-ascorbate peroxidase (1.11.1.11), the phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione -Peroxidase (1.11.1.12), the manganese peroxidase (1.12.1.13), the diarylpropane peroxidase (ligninase, lignin peroxidase) (1.11.1.14).
- Enzymes of class 1.10 which act on biphenols and related compounds are very particularly preferred. They catalyze the oxidation of biphenols and ascorbates. NAD + , NADP + (1.10.1), cytochrome (1.10.2), oxygen (1.10.3) or others (1.10.99) act as acceptors.
- class 1.10.3 enzymes with oxygen (0 2 ) as the acceptor are particularly preferred.
- the enzymes in this class are catechol oxidase (tyrosinase) (1.10.3.1), L-ascorbate oxidase (1.10.3.3), o-aminophenol oxidase (1.10.3.4) and laccase (benzenediol: oxigen oxidoreductase) (1.10.3.2 ) is preferred, the laccases (benzol diol: oxigen oxidoreductase) (1.10.3.2) being particularly preferred.
- the enzymes mentioned are commercially available or can be obtained by standard methods. Plants, animal cells, bacteria and fungi, for example, come into consideration as organisms for the production of the enzymes. In principle, both naturally occurring and genetically modified organisms can be enzyme producers. Parts of single-cell or multicellular organisms are also conceivable as enzyme producers, especially cell cultures.
- the multi-component system according to the invention comprises at least one oxidizing agent.
- Suitable oxidizing agents are air, oxygen, ozone, H 2 O 2 , organic peroxides, peracids such as peracetic acid, performic acid, persulfuric acid, persalpic acid, metachloroperoxibenzoic acid, perchloric acid, perborates, peracetates, persulfates, peroxides or acids ⁇ substance species and their radicals such as OH ', OOH', singlet oxygen, superoxide (0 2 ' ⁇ ), ozonide, dioxygenyl cation (0 2 + ), di ⁇ oxirane, dioxetane or fremy radicals are used.
- organic peroxides such as peracetic acid, performic acid, persulfuric acid, persalpic acid, metachloroperoxibenzoic acid, perchloric acid, perborates, peracetates, persulfates, peroxides or acids ⁇ substance species and their radicals such as OH ', OOH
- oxidizing agents are used which can either be generated by the corresponding oxidoreductases e.g. Dioxiranes from laccases plus carbonyls or which can chemically regenerate the mediator or directly implement it.
- oxidoreductases e.g. Dioxiranes from laccases plus carbonyls or which can chemically regenerate the mediator or directly implement it.
- the invention also relates to the use of substances which, according to the invention, are suitable as mediators for changing, breaking down or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances.
- the Mg ions can be used, for example, as a salt, such as MgSO * .
- the concentration is in the range of 0.1-2 mg / g of lignin-containing material, preferably 0.2-0.6 mg / g.
- the multicomponent system in addition to the Mg + ions also complexing agents such as, for example, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), diethylenetriaminepentamethylene - contains phosphonic acid (DTMPA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), polyphosphoric acid (PPA) etc.
- the concentration is in Range of 0.2-5 mg / g of lignin-containing material, preferably 1-3 mg.
- the multi-component system according to the invention is used in a process for treating lignin, for example, by mixing the respectively selected components a) to c) according to claim 1 simultaneously or in any order with an aqueous suspension of the lignin-containing material.
- a process using the multicomponent system according to the invention is preferred in the presence of oxygen or air at atmospheric pressure up to 10 bar and in a pH range from 2 to 11, at a temperature of 20 to 95 ° C., preferably 40-95 ° C, and a consistency of 0.5 to 40%.
- a process according to the invention is preferably carried out at consistencies of 8 to 35%, particularly preferably 9 to 15%.
- an acid wash (pH 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 5) or Q stage (pH 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 5) before the enzyme mediator stage led to a considerable degree in some pulps Kappa reduction compared to treatment without this special pretreatment leads.
- the substances customary for this purpose (such as EDTA, DTPA) are used as chelating agents. They are preferably used in concentrations of 0.1% / t to 1% / t, particularly preferably 0.1% / t to 0.5% / t. In the process according to the invention, preferably 0.01 to 10,000 IU enzyme per g lignin-containing material are used.
- lignin-containing material 1 U corresponds to the conversion of 1 ⁇ mol of 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline) -6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt) (ABTS) / min / ml enzyme).
- oxidizing agent per g of lignin-containing material preferably 0.01 mg to 100 mg of oxidizing agent per g of lignin-containing material is used. 0.01 to 50 mg of oxidizing agent per g of lignin-containing material are particularly preferably used.
- 0.5 to 80 mg of mediator per g of lignin-containing material is preferably used.
- 0.5 to 40 mg of mediator per g of lignin-containing material are particularly preferably used.
- reducing agents can be added which, together with the oxidizing agents present, serve to set a certain redox potential.
- Sodium bisulfite, sodium dithionite, ascorbic acid, thio compounds, mercapto compounds or glutathione etc. can be used as reducing agents.
- the reaction proceeds with air or oxygen supply or oxygen or air pressure, in the case of the peroxidases (e.g. lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases) with hydrogen peroxide.
- the peroxidases e.g. lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases
- the oxygen can also be generated in situ by hydrogen peroxide + catalase and hydrogen peroxide by glucose + glucose oxidase or other systems.
- radical formers or radical scavengers can be added to the system. These can improve the interaction within the Red / Ox and radical mediators.
- Other metal salts can also be added to the reaction solution.
- the salts form cations in the reaction solution.
- Such ions include Fe, Fe 3+ / Mn 2+ , Mn 3+ , Mn 4+ , Cu 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ti 3+ , Cer 4+ , Al 3+ .
- the chelates present in the solution can also serve as mimic substances for the enzymes, for example for the laccases (copper complexes) or for the lignin or manganese peroxidases (haem grain complexes).
- Mimic substances are substances that simulate the prosthetic groups of (here) oxidoreductases and e.g. Can catalyze oxidation reactions.
- NaOCl can also be added to the reaction mixture. In combination with hydrogen peroxide, this compound can form singlet oxygen.
- Non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants are suitable as such.
- the detergents can improve the penetration of the enzymes and mediators into the fiber.
- Glucans, mannans, dextrans, levans, pectins, alginates or plant gums and / or own polysaccharides formed by the fungi or produced in the mixed culture with yeasts and in particular gelatin and albumin as proteins are to be mentioned here in particular as polysaccharides.
- These substances mainly serve as protective colloids for the enzymes.
- proteases such as pepsin, bromelin, papain, etc. These can include serve to achieve better access to lignin by breaking down the extensin C present in the wood, a protein rich in hydroxyproline.
- Amino acids simple sugars, oligomer sugars, PEG types of the most varied molecular weights, polyethylene oxides, polyethyleneimines and polydimethylsiloxanes can be used as further protective colloids.
- the method according to the invention can be used not only in the delignification (bleaching) of sulfate, sulfite, organosol, etc.
- Cellulose and wood pulp are used, but also in the production of cellulose or wood pulp (refiner / wood pulp) in general, for example from wood or annual plants.
- defibrillation should be ensured by the usual cooking processes and / or mechanical processes or pressure (i.e. very gentle treatment up to kappa numbers in the range of> 50 kappa or> 10% lignin content).
- the treatment can be repeated several times, either after washing and extraction of the treated material with NaOH or without these intermediate steps. This leads to significantly lower kappa values and considerable increases in whiteness.
- a 0 2 stage can be used before the enzyme / mediator treatment or, as already mentioned, an acid wash or Q stage (chelate stage) can be carried out.
- Example 1 Enzymatic bleaching with violuric acid and Softwood sulfate pulp
- reaction bomb preheated to 45 ° C and incubated under 1 - 10 bar oxygen pressure for 10 to 40 minutes.
- the fabric is then washed over a nylon sieve (30 ⁇ m) and extracted for 1 hour at 60 ° C., 2% fabric density and 8% NaOH per g of cellulose. After washing the fabric again, the kappa number is determined.
- the fabric is then washed over a nylon sieve (30 ⁇ m) and extracted for 1 hour at 60 ° C., 2% fabric density and 8% NaOH per g of cellulose. After washing the fabric again, the kappa number is determined.
- Solutions A and B are combined and made up to 33 ml.
- the fabric is then washed over a nylon sieve (30 ⁇ m) and extracted for 1 hour at 60 ° C, 2% fabric density and 8% NaOH per g of pulp.
- the kappa number is determined.
- Solutions A and B are combined and made up to 33 ml.
- the fabric is then washed over a nylon sieve (30 ⁇ m) and extracted for 1 hour at 60 ° C., 2% fabric density and 8% NaOH per g of cellulose. After washing the fabric again, the kappa number is determined. Depending on the incubation period, the following delignification rates are achieved:
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- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
This invention concerns a multicomponent system for changing, degrading or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances and processes for its use, containing a) optionally, at least one oxidation catalyst and b) at least one suitable oxidant and c) at least one mediator, characterized by the fact that the mediator is selected from the oximes of general formula (I) or (II) and their salts, ethers, or esters, where the groups X are the same or different and are O, S, or NR1, where R1 means hydrogen, a hydroxy, formyl, carbamoyl or sulfono radical, an ester or salt of the sulfono radical, sulfamoyl, nitro, amino, phenyl, aryl-C¿1?-C5-alkyl, C1-C¿12-alkyl, C¿1?-C5-alkoxy, C1-C10-carbonyl, carbonyl-C1-C6-alkyl, a phospho, phosphono, or phosphonooxy radical, an ester or salt of the phosphonooxy radical where carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, amino and phenyl radicals can be unsubstituted or substituted one or several times with radical R?2¿ and the aryl-C¿1?-C5alkyl, C1-C12-alkyl, C1-C5-alkoxy, C1-C10-carbonyl, carbonyl-C1-C6-alkyl radicals can be saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, and can be substituted one or several times with a radical R?2¿, where the radicals R2 are the same or different and means a hydroxy, formyl or carboxy radical, an ester or salt of the carboxy radical, a carbamoyl or sulfono radical, an ester or salt of the sulfono radical, a sulfamoyl, nitro, amino, phenyl, C¿1?-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-alcoxy radical and the radicals R?3-R4¿ are the same of different and signify a halogen or carboxy radical, an ester or salt of the carboxy radical, or they have the meanings given for R?1, R3 and R4¿ being optionally linked to a ring [-CR7R8]n, where n = 1, 2, 3, or 4, and R?5 and R6¿ have the meanings given for R?1, and R7 and R8¿ have the meanings given for R?3 and R4¿.
Description
Mehrkomponentensystem zum Verändern, Abbau oder Bleichen von Lignin, ligninhaltigen Materialien oder ähnlichen Stoffen so¬ wie Verfahren zu seiner AnwendungMulti-component system for changing, breaking down or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances as well as processes for its use
Beschreibungdescription
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Mehrkomponentensystem zum Verändern, Abbau oder Bleichen von Lignin, ligninhaltigen Materialien oder ähnlichen Stoffen sowie Verfahren zu seiner Anwendung.The present invention relates to a multi-component system for changing, breaking down or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances, and methods for its use.
Als heute hauptsächlich zur Zellstoffherstellung verwendete Verfahren sind das Sulfat- und das Sulfitverfahren zu nennen. Mit beiden Verfahren wird unter Kochung und unter Druck Zell¬ stoff erzeugt. Das Sulfat-Verfahren arbeitet unter Zusatz von NaOH und Na2S, während im Sulfit-Verfahren Ca(HS03)2 + S02 zur Anwendung kommt.The sulfate and sulfite processes are the main processes used today for pulp production. With both methods, pulp is produced under cooking and under pressure. The sulfate process works with the addition of NaOH and Na 2 S, while Ca (HS0 3 ) 2 + S0 2 is used in the sulfite process.
Alle Verfahren haben als Hauptziel die Entfernung des Lignins aus dem verwendeten Pflanzenmaterial, Holz oder Einjahrespflanzen.The main aim of all processes is to remove the lignin from the plant material, wood or annual plants used.
Das Lignin, das mit der Cellulose und der Hemicellulose den Hauptbestandteil des Pflanzenmaterials (Stengel oder Stamm) ausmacht, muß entfernt werden, da es sonst nicht möglich ist, nicht vergilbende und mechanisch hochbelastbare Papiere herzustellen.The lignin, which is the main constituent of the plant material (stem or stem) with cellulose and hemicellulose, must be removed, otherwise it will not be possible to produce non-yellowing and mechanically heavy-duty papers.
Die Holzstofferzeugungsverfahren arbeiten mit Steinschleifern (Holzschliff) oder mit Refinern (TMP) , die das Holz nach ent- sprechender Vorbehandlung (chemisch, thermisch oder chemisch¬ thermisch) durch Mahlen defibrillieren.The wood-based production processes work with stone grinders (wood sanding) or with refiners (TMP), which defibrillate the wood by grinding after appropriate pretreatment (chemical, thermal or chemical-thermal).
Diese Holzstoffe besitzen noch einen Großteil des Lignins. Sie werden v. a. für die Herstellung von Zeitungen, Illustrierten, etc. verwendet.These wood materials still contain a large part of the lignin. You will v. a. used for the production of newspapers, magazines, etc.
Seit einigen Jahren werden die Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes von Enzymen für den Ligninabbau erforscht . Der Wirkmechanismus
derartiger lignolytischer Systeme ist erst vor wenigen Jahren aufgeklärt worden, als es gelang, durch geeignete Anzuchtbe¬ dingungen und Induktorzusätze bei dem Weißfäulepilz Phanero- chaete chrysosporium zu ausreichenden Enzymmengen zu kommen. Hierbei wurden die bis dahin unbekannten Ligninperoxidasen und Manganperoxidasen entdeckt. Da Phanerochaete chrysosporium ein sehr effektiver Ligninabbauer ist, versuchte man dessen Enzyme zu isolieren und in gereinigter Form für den Ligninabbau zu verwenden. Dies gelang jedoch nicht, da sich herausstellte, daß die Enzyme vor allem zu einer Repolymerisation des Lignins und nicht zu dessen Abbau führen.For some years now, the possibilities of using enzymes for lignin degradation have been researched. The mechanism of action Such lignolytic systems were only elucidated a few years ago when it was possible to obtain sufficient amounts of enzyme from the white rot fungus Phanero-chaete chrysosporium through suitable cultivation conditions and inductor additives. The previously unknown lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases were discovered. Since Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a very effective lignin degrader, attempts were made to isolate its enzymes and to use them in purified form for lignin degradation. However, this did not succeed because it turned out that the enzymes primarily lead to a repolymerization of the lignin and not to its degradation.
Ähnliches gilt auch für andere lignolytische Enzyταspezies wie Laccasen, die das Lignin mit Hilfe von Sauerstoff anstelle von Wasserstoffperoxid oxidativ abbauen. Es konnte festge¬ stellt werden, daß es in allen Fällen zu ähnlichen Prozessen kommt. Es werden nämlich Radikale gebildet, die wieder selbst miteinander reagieren und somit zur Polymerisation führen.The same applies to other lignolytic enzyme species such as laccases, which oxidatively break down the lignin using oxygen instead of hydrogen peroxide. It was found that similar processes occur in all cases. This is because radicals are formed which react with one another again and thus lead to polymerization.
So gibt es heute nur Verfahren, die mit in-vivo Systemen ar¬ beiten (Pilzsysteme) . HauptSchwerpunkte von Optimierungsversu¬ chen sind das sogenannte Biopulping und das Biobleaching.Today there are only processes that work with in vivo systems (mushroom systems). The main focus of optimization attempts is so-called biopulping and biobleaching.
Unter Biopulping versteht man die Behandlung von Holzhack- schnitzeln mit lebenden Pilzsystemen.Biopulping is the treatment of wood chips with living mushroom systems.
Es gibt 2 Arten von Applikationsformen:There are 2 types of application forms:
1. Vorbehandlung von Hackschnitzeln vor dem Refinern oder Mah- len zum Einsparen von Energie bei der Herstellung von Holz¬ stoffen (z.B. TMP oder Holzschliff) .1. Pretreatment of wood chips before refining or grinding to save energy in the production of wood materials (e.g. TMP or wood pulp).
Ein weiterer Vorteil ist die meist vorhandene Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften des Stoffes, ein Nachteil die schlechtere Endweiße.Another advantage is the mostly existing improvement in the mechanical properties of the fabric, a disadvantage the poorer final whiteness.
2. Vorbehandlung von Hackschnitzeln (Softwood/Hardwood) vor der Zellstoffkochung (Kraftprozeß, Sulfitprozeß) .
Hier ist das Ziel, die Reduzierung von Kochchemikalien, die Verbesserung der Kochkapazität und "extended cooking" .2. Pretreatment of wood chips (Softwood / Hardwood) before cellulose cooking (power process, sulfite process). The goal here is to reduce cooking chemicals, improve cooking capacity and "extended cooking".
Als Vorteile werden auch eine verbesserte Kappareduzierung nach dem Kochen im Vergleich zu einem Kochen ohne Vorbehand¬ lung erreicht.Improved kappa reduction after cooking compared to cooking without pretreatment are also achieved as advantages.
Nachteile dieser Verfahren sind eindeutig die langen Behand- lungszeiten (mehrere Wochen) und v.a. die nicht gelösteDisadvantages of these procedures are clearly the long treatment times (several weeks) and especially the unresolved
Kontaminierungsgefahr während der Behandlung, wenn man auf die wohl unwirtschaftliche Sterilisation der Hackschnitzel ver¬ zichten will .Risk of contamination during treatment if you want to forego the uneconomical sterilization of the wood chips.
Das Biobleaching arbeitet ebenfalls mit in-vivo Systemen. Der gekochte Zellstoff (Softwood/Hardwood) wird vor der Bleiche mit Pilz beimpft und für Tage bis Wochen behandelt. Nur nach dieser langen Behandlungszeit zeigt sich eine signifikante Kappazahlerniedrigung und Weißesteigerung, was den Prozeß un- wirtschaftlich für eine Implementierung in den gängigen Bleichsequenzen macht.Biobleaching also works with in-vivo systems. The boiled pulp (Softwood / Hardwood) is inoculated with fungus before bleaching and treated for days to weeks. Only after this long treatment time does a significant decrease in kappa number and increase in whiteness become apparent, which makes the process uneconomical for implementation in the usual bleaching sequences.
Eine weitere meist mit immobilisierten Pilzsystemen durchge¬ führte Applikation ist die Behandlung von Zellstoffabrika- tionsabwässern, insbesondere Bleichereiabwässern zu deren Ent¬ färbung und Reduzierung des AOX (Reduzierung von chlorierten Verbindungen im Abwasser, die Chlor- oder Chlordioxid-Bleich¬ stufen verursachen) .Another application, which is usually carried out with immobilized fungal systems, is the treatment of pulp wastewater, in particular bleaching wastewater, for decolorization and reduction of the AOX (reduction of chlorinated compounds in the wastewater which cause chlorine or chlorine dioxide bleaching stages).
Darüber hinaus ist bekannt, Hemicellulasen u.a. Xylanasen, Mannanasen als "Bleichbooster" einzusetzen.It is also known that hemicellulases, etc. Use xylanases, mannanases as "bleach boosters".
Diese Enzyme sollen hauptsächlich gegen das nach dem Kochpro¬ zeß das Restlignin zum Teil überdeckende reprecipitierte Xylan wirken und durch dessen Abbau die Zugänglichkeit des Lignins für die in den nachfolgenden Bleichsequenzen angewendeten Bleichchemikalien (v.a. Chlordioxyd) erhöhen. Die im Labor nachgewiesenen Einsparungen von Bleichchemikalien wurden in
großem Maßstab nur bedingt bestätigt, so daß man diesen Enzym¬ typ allenfalls als Bleichadditiv einstufen kann.These enzymes are said to act primarily against the reprecipitated xylan, which partially covers the residual lignin after the cooking process, and by breaking it down increase the accessibility of the lignin to the bleaching chemicals used in the subsequent bleaching sequences (especially chlorine dioxide). The savings in bleaching chemicals demonstrated in the laboratory have been reflected in on a large scale has only been partially confirmed, so that this type of enzyme can at best be classified as a bleach additive.
Als Cofaktor neben den lignolytischen Enzymen nimmt man Che- latsubstanzen (Siderophoren, wie Ammoniumoxalat) und Biotensi- de an.In addition to the lignolytic enzymes, chelating substances (siderophores such as ammonium oxalate) and biosurfactants are assumed to be the cofactor.
In der Anmeldung PCT/EP87/00635 wird ein System zur Entfernung von Lignin aus lignincellulosehaltigem Material unter gleich- zeitiger Bleiche beschrieben, welches mit lignolytischen Enzy¬ men aus Weißfäulepilzen unter Zusatz von Reduktions- und Oxi- dationsmitteln und phenolischen Verbindungen als Mediatoren arbeitet .The application PCT / EP87 / 00635 describes a system for removing lignin from lignin-cellulose-containing material under simultaneous bleaching, which works with lignolytic enzymes from white rot fungi with the addition of reducing and oxidizing agents and phenolic compounds as mediators.
In der DE 4008893C2 werden zusätzlich zu Red/Ox-System "Mimic Substanzen", die das aktive Zentrum (prosthetische Gruppe) von lignolytischen Enzymen simulieren, zugesetzt. So konnte eine erhebliche Performanceverbesserung erzielt werden.In DE 4008893C2, in addition to the Red / Ox system, “mimic substances” which simulate the active center (prosthetic group) of lignolytic enzymes are added. In this way, a significant improvement in performance could be achieved.
In der Anmeldung PCT/EP92/01086 wird als zusätzliche Verbesse¬ rung eine Redoxkaskade mit Hilfe von im Oxidationspotential "abgestimmten" phenolischen oder nichtphenolischen Aromaten eingesetzt .In the application PCT / EP92 / 01086, a redox cascade is used as an additional improvement with the aid of phenolic or non-phenolic aromatics "matched" in the oxidation potential.
Bei allen drei Verfahren ist die Limitierung für einen gro߬ technischen Einsatz die Anwendbarkeit bei geringen Stoffdich¬ ten (bis maximal 4%) und bei den beiden letzten Anmeldungen die Gefahr des "Ausleachens" von Metallen beim Einsatz der Chelatverbindungen, die v.a. bei nachgeschalteten Peroxid- bleichstufen zur Zerstörung des Peroxids führen können.In all three processes, the limitation for large-scale use is the applicability at low material densities (up to a maximum of 4%) and in the last two applications the risk of "leaching out" of metals when using the chelate compounds, which are mainly in the case of downstream peroxide bleaching stages can lead to the destruction of the peroxide.
Aus WO/12619, WO 94/12620 und WO 94/12621 sind Verfahren be¬ kannt, bei welchen die Aktivität von Peroxidase mittels soge¬ nannter Enhancer-Substanzen gefördert werden.Methods are known from WO / 12619, WO 94/12620 and WO 94/12621 in which the activity of peroxidase is promoted by means of so-called enhancer substances.
Die Enhancer-Substanzen werden in WO 94/12619 anhand ihrer Halbwertslebensdauer charakterisiert.
Gemäß WO 94/12620 sind Enhancer-Substanzen durch die Formel A=N-N=B charakterisiert, wobei A und B jeweils definierte cy¬ clische Reste sind.The enhancer substances are characterized in WO 94/12619 on the basis of their half-life. According to WO 94/12620, enhancer substances are characterized by the formula A = NN = B, where A and B are each defined cyclic radicals.
Gemäß WO 94/12620 sind Enhancer-Substanzen organische Chemika¬ lien, die mindestens zwei aromatische Ringe enthalten, von de¬ nen zumindest einer mit jeweils definierten Resten substitu¬ iert ist.According to WO 94/12620, enhancer substances are organic chemicals which contain at least two aromatic rings, at least one of which is substituted with respectively defined radicals.
Alle drei Anmeldungen betreffen "dye transfer inhibition" und den Einsatz der jeweiligen Enhancer-Substanzen zusammen mit Peroxidasen als Detergent-Additiv oder Detergent-Zusammenset¬ zung im Waschmittelbereich. Zwar wird in der Beschreibung der Anmeldung auf eine Verwendbarkeit zum Behandeln von Lignin verwiesen, aber eigene Versuche mit den in den Anmeldungen konkret offenbarten Substanzen zeigten, daß sie als Mediatoren zur Steigerung der Bleichwirkung der Peroxidasen beim Behan¬ deln von ligninhaltigen Materialien keine Wirkung zeigten!All three applications relate to "dye transfer inhibition" and the use of the respective enhancer substances together with peroxidases as a detergent additive or detergent composition in the detergent sector. Although the description of the application refers to a usability for treating lignin, our own experiments with the substances specifically disclosed in the applications showed that they had no effect as mediators for increasing the bleaching effect of the peroxidases in the treatment of materials containing lignin!
WO 94/29510 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur enzymatisehen De- lignifizierung, bei dem Enzyme zusammen mit Mediatoren einge¬ setzt werden. Als Mediatoren werden allgemein Verbindungen mit der Struktur NO-, NOH- oder HRNOH offenbart.WO 94/29510 describes a method for enzymatic delignification, in which enzymes are used together with mediators. Compounds with the structure NO, NOH or HRNOH are generally disclosed as mediators.
Von den in WO 94/29510 offenbarten Mediatoren liefertOf the mediators disclosed in WO 94/29510
1-Hydroxy-lH-benzotriazole (HBT) die besten Ergebnisse in der Delignifizierung. HBT hat jedoch verschiedene Nachteile:1-Hydroxy-lH-benzotriazole (HBT) the best results in delignification. However, HBT has several disadvantages:
Es ist nur zu hohen Preisen und nicht in hinreichenden Mengen verfügbar.It is only available at high prices and not in sufficient quantities.
Es reagiert unter Delignifizierungsbedingungen zu lH-Benzotriazol. Diese Verbindung ist relativ schlecht abbau¬ bar und kann in größeren Mengen eine beträchtliche Umweltbela- stung darstellen.It reacts to lH-benzotriazole under delignification conditions. This compound is relatively poorly degradable and can represent a considerable environmental burden in larger quantities.
Es führt in gewissem Umfang zu einer Schädigung von Enzymen.
Seine Delignifizierungsgeschwindigkeit ist nicht allzu hoch.To some extent, it causes damage to enzymes. Its delignification rate is not too high.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Mehrkomponentensystem zum Verändern, Abbau oder Bleichen von Lignin, ligninhaltigen Materialien oder ähnlichen Stoffen enthaltendThe present invention relates to a multi-component system for changing, breaking down or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances
a. ggf. mindestens einen Oxidationskatalysator unda. optionally at least one oxidation catalyst and
b. mindestens ein geeignetes Oxidationsmittel undb. at least one suitable oxidizing agent and
c. mindestens einen Mediator, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mediator ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe der Oxime der allgemei¬ nen Formel I oder IIc. at least one mediator, characterized in that the mediator is selected from the group of oximes of the general formula I or II
sowie deren Salze, Ether, oder Ester, wobeiand their salts, ethers, or esters, where
X, gleich oder verschieden ist und 0, S, oder NR-1- bedeuten wobeiX, is the same or different and is 0, S, or NR- 1 - where
R1 Wasserstoff-, Hydroxy-, Formyl-, Carbamoyl-, Sulfonorest, Ester oder Salz des Sulfonorests, Sulfamoyl-, Nitro-, Amino-, Phenyl-, Aryl-C1- C5~alkyl-, C1-C12-Alkyl-, C1-C5-Alkoxy-,
Phospho-, Phosphono-, Phosphonooxyrest, Ester oder Salz des Phosphonooxyrests bedeutet,
wobei Carbamoyl-, Sulfamoyl-, Amino- und Phenylreste unsubsti- ry tuiert oder ein- oder mehrfach mit einem Rest R substituiert sein können und die Aryl-C-^-Cg-alkyl- , C-|_-C12-Alkyl- , Cj-C5-Alkoxy- , C^C-j^-Carbony!- , Carbonyl-Cj-Cg-alkyl-Reste gesättigt oder ungesättigt, verzweigt oder unverzweigt sein können und mit einem Rest R2 ein- oder mehrfach substituiert sein können, wobeiR 1 hydrogen, hydroxy, formyl, carbamoyl, Sulfonorest, ester or salt of Sulfonorests, sulfamoyl, nitro, amino, phenyl, aryl-C 1 - C 5 ~ alkyl, C 1 -C 12 -Alkyl-, C 1 -C 5 -alkoxy-, Means phospho, phosphono, phosphonooxy, ester or salt of the phosphonooxy, where carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, amino and phenyl unsubsti- r y tuiert or may be mono- or polysubstituted by a radical R, and aryl-C - ^ - Cg-alkyl, C- | _-C 12 -alkyl-, C j -C 5 -alkoxy-, C ^ C- j ^ -carbony! -, carbonyl-C j -Cg-alkyl radicals can be saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched and with one R 2 can be substituted one or more times, wherein
R2 gleich oder verschieden ist und Hydroxy-, Formyl-, Carboxy- rest, Ester oder Salz des Carboxyrests, Carbamoyl-, Sulfono- Ester oder Salz des Sulfonorests, Sulfamoyl-, Nitro-, Amino-, Phenyl-, C-L-Cg-Alkyl- , Cj-Cς-Alkoxyrest bedeutet undR 2 is the same or different and is hydroxyl, formyl, carboxy, ester or salt of carboxy, carbamoyl, sulfono ester or salt of sulfono, sulfamoyl, nitro, amino, phenyl, CL-Cg- Alkyl, C j -Cς alkoxy radical means and
die Reste R3 und R4 gleich oder verschieden sind und Halogen-, Carboxyrest, Ester oder Salz des Carboxyrests bedeuten, oder die für R genannten Bedeutungen haben, oder zu einem Ring t-CR 7RRln mit n gleich 2, 3 oder 4 verknüpft sind undthe radicals R 3 and R 4 are identical or different and are halogen, carboxy, ester or salt of the carboxy radical, or have the meanings mentioned for R, or are linked to form a ring t-CR 7RRl n with n equal to 2, 3 or 4 are and
R 5 und R6 die für R1 genannten Bedeutungen haben undR 5 and R6 have the meanings given for R1 and
R 7 und R8 gleich oder verschieden sind und Halogen-, Carboxy¬ rest, Ester oder Salz des Carboxyrests bedeuten, oder die für R genannten Bedeutungen haben.R 7 and R8 are identical or different and represent halogen, carboxy radical, ester or salt of the carboxy radical, or have the meanings mentioned for R.
Als Mediatoren im erfindungsgemäßen Mehrkomponentensystem be¬ sonders bevorzugt sind Verbindungen mit der allgemeinen Formel I bei denen X 0 oder S bedeutet und die übrigen Reste die vor¬ stehend genannten Bedeutungen haben. Ein Beispiel für eine solche Verbindung ist 2-Hydroxyiminomalonsäuredimethylester.Particularly preferred mediators in the multicomponent system according to the invention are compounds of the general formula I in which X is 0 or S and the other radicals have the meanings given above. An example of such a compound is dimethyl 2-hydroxyiminomalonate.
Als Mediatoren weiterhin besonders bevorzugt sind Isonitroso- derivate von cyclischen Ureiden der allgemeinen Formel II. Beispiele für solche Verbindungen sind 1-Methylviolursäure, 1, 3-Dimethylviolursäure, Thioviolursäure, Alloxan-4, 5-dioxim,Further preferred mediators are isonitroso derivatives of cyclic ureides of the general formula II. Examples of such compounds are 1-methylvioluric acid, 1, 3-dimethylvioluric acid, thiovioluric acid, alloxane-4, 5-dioxime,
Als Mediator insbesondere bevorzugt ist Alloxan-5-oxim Hydrat (Violursäure) und/oder dessen Ester, Ether oder Salze.
Das erfindungsgemäße Mehrkomponentensystem enthält Mediatoren, die kostengünstiger als HBT sind.Particularly preferred as mediator is alloxan-5-oxime hydrate (violuric acid) and / or its esters, ethers or salts. The multicomponent system according to the invention contains mediators which are less expensive than HBT.
Darüber hinaus wird bei Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Mediato- ren eine Steigerung der Delignifizierungsgeschwindigkeit erzielt.In addition, an increase in the rate of delignification is achieved when using the mediators according to the invention.
Vorzugsweise umfaßt das erfindungsgemäße Mehrkomponentensystem mindestens einen Oxidationskatalysator.The multicomponent system according to the invention preferably comprises at least one oxidation catalyst.
Als Oxidationskatalysatoren werden im erfindungsgemäßen Mehr¬ komponentensystem bevorzugt Enzyme eingesetzt. Im Sinne der Er¬ findung umfaßt der Begriff Enzym auch enzymatisch aktive Pro¬ teine oder Peptide oder prosthetische Gruppen von Enzymen.Enzymes are preferably used as oxidation catalysts in the multicomponent system according to the invention. In the sense of the invention, the term enzyme also encompasses enzymatically active proteins or peptides or prosthetic groups of enzymes.
Als Enzym können im erfindungsgemäßen Mehrkomponentensystem Oxidoreduktasen der Klassen 1.1.1 bis 1.97 gemäß Internationa¬ ler Enzym-Nomenklature, Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Enzyme Nomenclature, Academic Press, Inc., 1992, S. 24-154) eingesetzt werden.Oxidoreductases of classes 1.1.1 to 1.97 according to the International Enzyme Nomenclature, Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Enzyme Nomenclature, Academic Press, Inc., 1992, pp. 24-154) can be used as the enzyme in the multicomponent system according to the invention. be used.
Vorzugsweise werden Enzyme der im folgenden genannten Klassen eingesetzt :Enzymes of the classes mentioned below are preferably used:
Enzyme der Klasse 1.1, die alle Dehydrogenasen, die auf primä¬ re, sekundäre Alkohole und Semiacetale wirken, umfassen und die als Akzeptoren NAD+ oder NADP+ (Subklasse 1.1.1) , Cyto- chrome (1.1.2) , Sauerstoff (02) (1.1.3) , Disulfide (1.1.4) , Chinone (1.1.5) oder die andere Akzeptoren haben (1.1.99) .Class 1.1 enzymes, which comprise all dehydrogenases which act on primary, secondary alcohols and semiacetals, and which accept NAD + or NADP + (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (0 2 ) (1.1.3), disulfides (1.1.4), quinones (1.1.5) or the other acceptors (1.1.99).
Aus dieser Klasse sind besonders bevorzugt die Enzyme der Klasse 1.1.5 mit Chinonen als Akzeptoren und die Enzyme der Klasse 1.1.3 mit Sauerstoff als Akzeptor.From this class, the enzymes of class 1.1.5 with quinones as acceptors and the enzymes of class 1.1.3 with oxygen as acceptors are particularly preferred.
Insbesondere bevorzugt in dieser Klasse ist Cellobiose: quinone-1-oxidoreduktase (1.1.5.1) .
Weiterhin bevorzugt sind Enzyme der Klasse 1.2. Diese Enzym¬ klasse (1.1.5.1) umfaßt solche Enzyme, die Aldehyde zu den korrespondierenden Säuren oder Oxo-Gruppen oxidieren. Die Ak¬ zeptoren können NAD+, NADP+ (1.2.1) , Cytochrome (1.2.2) , Sau¬ erstoff (1.2.3) , Sulfide (1.2.4) , Eisen-Schwefel-Proteine (1.2.5) oder andere Akzeptoren (1.2.99) sein.Cellobiose: quinone-1-oxidoreductase (1.1.5.1) is particularly preferred in this class. Enzymes of class 1.2 are also preferred. This class of enzymes (1.1.5.1) includes those enzymes which oxidize aldehydes to the corresponding acids or oxo groups. The acceptors can be NAD + , NADP + (1.2.1), cytochromes (1.2.2), oxygen (1.2.3), sulfides (1.2.4), iron-sulfur proteins (1.2.5) or other acceptors (1.2.99).
Besonders bevorzugt sind hier die Enzyme der Gruppe (1.2.3) mit Sauerstoff als Akzeptor.The enzymes of group (1.2.3) with oxygen as the acceptor are particularly preferred here.
Weiterhin bevorzugt sind Enzyme der Klasse 1.3. In dieser Klasse sind Enzyme zusammengefaßt, die auf CH-CH-Gruppen des Donors wirken.Enzymes of class 1.3 are also preferred. This class includes enzymes that act on CH-CH groups of the donor.
Die entsprechenden Akzeptoren sind NAD+, NADP+ (1.3.1) , Cyto¬ chrome (1.3.2) , Sauerstoff (1.3.3) , Chinone oder verwandte Verbindungen (1.3.5) , Eisen-Schwefel-Proteine (1.3.7) oder an¬ dere Akzeptoren (1.3.99) .The corresponding acceptors are NAD + , NADP + (1.3.1), Cyto¬ chrome (1.3.2), oxygen (1.3.3), quinones or related compounds (1.3.5), iron-sulfur proteins (1.3.7 ) or other acceptors (1.3.99).
Besonders bevorzugt ist die Bilirubinoxidase (1.3.3.5) .Bilirubin oxidase (1.3.3.5) is particularly preferred.
Hier sind ebenfalls die Enzyme der Klasse (1.3.3) mit Sauer¬ stoff als Akzeptor und (1.3.5) mit Chinone etc. als Akzeptor besonders bevorzugt.The enzymes of class (1.3.3) with oxygen as the acceptor and (1.3.5) with quinones etc. as the acceptor are also particularly preferred here.
Weiterhin bevorzugt sind Enzyme der Klasse 1.4, die auf CH-NH2-Gruppen des Donors wirken.Also preferred are class 1.4 enzymes which act on CH-NH 2 groups of the donor.
Die entsprechenden Akzeptoren sind NAD+, NADP+ (1.4.1) , Cyto- chrome (1.4.2) , Sauerstoff (1.4.3) , Disulfide (1.4.4) , Eisen- Schwefel-Proteine (1.4.7) oder andere Akzeptoren (1.4.99) .The corresponding acceptors are NAD + , NADP + (1.4.1), cytochrome (1.4.2), oxygen (1.4.3), disulfides (1.4.4), iron-sulfur proteins (1.4.7) or others Acceptors (1.4.99).
Besonders bevorzugt sind auch hier Enzyme der Klasse 1.4.3 mit Sauerstoff als Akzeptor.Enzymes of class 1.4.3 with oxygen as the acceptor are also particularly preferred here.
Weiterhin bevorzugt sind Enzyme der Klasse 1.5, die auf CH-NH- Gruppen des Donors wirken. Die entsprechenden Akzeptoren sind
NAD+, NADP+ (1.5.1) , Sauerstoff (1.5.3) , Disulfide (1.5.4) , Chinone (1.5.5) oder andere Akzeptoren (1.5.99) .Also preferred are class 1.5 enzymes which act on CH-NH groups of the donor. The corresponding acceptors are NAD + , NADP + (1.5.1), oxygen (1.5.3), disulfide (1.5.4), quinones (1.5.5) or other acceptors (1.5.99).
Auch hier sind besonders bevorzugt Enzyme mit Sauerstoff (02) (1.5.3) und mit Chinonen (1.5.5) als Akzeptoren.Enzymes with oxygen (0 2 ) (1.5.3) and with quinones (1.5.5) as acceptors are also particularly preferred here.
Weiterhin bevorzugt sind Enzyme der Klasse 1.6, die auf NADH oder NADPH wirken.Enzymes of class 1.6 which act on NADH or NADPH are also preferred.
Die Akzeptoren sind hier NADP+ (1.6.1) , Hämproteine (1.6.2) , Disulfide (1.6.4) , Chinone (1.6.5) , N02-Gruppen (1.6.6) , und ein Flavin (1.6.8) oder einige andere Akzeptoren (1.6.99) .The acceptors here are NADP + (1.6.1), heme proteins (1.6.2), disulfides (1.6.4), quinones (1.6.5), N0 2 groups (1.6.6), and a flavin (1.6.8 ) or some other acceptors (1.6.99).
Besonders bevorzugt sind hier Enzyme der Klasse 1.6.5 mit Chinonen als Akzeptoren.Enzymes of class 1.6.5 with quinones as acceptors are particularly preferred here.
Weiterhin bevorzugt sind Enzyme der Klasse 1.7, die auf andere N02-Verbindungen als Donatoren wirken und als Akzeptoren Cyto- chrome (1.7.2), Sauerstoff (02) (1.7.3) , Eisen-Schwefel-Pro- teine (1.7.7) oder andere (1.7.99) haben.Also preferred are class 1.7 enzymes which act as donors on other N0 2 compounds and acceptors cytochrome (1.7.2), oxygen (0 2 ) (1.7.3), iron-sulfur proteins (1.7 .7) or others (1.7.99).
Hier sind besonders bevorzugt die Klasse 1.7.3 mit Sauerstoff als Akzeptor.Class 1.7.3 with oxygen as the acceptor is particularly preferred here.
Weiterhin bevorzugt sind Enzyme der Klasse 1.8, die auf Schwe¬ felgruppen als Donatoren wirken und als Akzeptoren NAD+, NADP+ (1.8.1) , Cytochrome (1.8.2) , Sauerstoff (02) (1.8.3) , Disulfi¬ de (1.8.4) , Chinone (1.8.5) , Eisen-Schwefel-Proteine (1.8.7) oder andere (1.8.99) haben.Also preferred are class 1.8 enzymes which act as donors on sulfur groups and NAD + , NADP + (1.8.1), cytochromes (1.8.2), oxygen (0 2 ) (1.8.3), disulphides as acceptors de (1.8.4), quinones (1.8.5), iron-sulfur proteins (1.8.7) or others (1.8.99).
Besonders bevorzugt ist die Klasse 1.8.3 mit Sauerstoff
und (1.8.5) mit Chinonen als Akzeptoren.Class 1.8.3 with oxygen is particularly preferred and (1.8.5) with quinones as acceptors.
Weiterhin bevorzugt sind Enzyme der Klasse 1.9, die auf Häm- gruppen als Donatoren wirken und als Akzeptoren Sauerstoff (02) (1.9.3) , N02-Verbindungen (1.9.6) und andere (1.9.99) haben.
Besonders bevorzugt ist hier die Gruppe 1.9.3 mit Sauerstoff (02) als Akzeptor (Cytochromoxidasen) .Also preferred are class 1.9 enzymes which act as donors on heme groups and have oxygen (0 2 ) (1.9.3), NO 2 compounds (1.9.6) and others (1.9.99) as acceptors. Group 1.9.3 with oxygen (0 2 ) as acceptor (cytochrome oxidases) is particularly preferred here.
Weiterhin bevorzugt sind Enzyme der Klasse 1.12, die auf Was- serstoff als Donor wirken.Also preferred are class 1.12 enzymes which act as a donor on hydrogen.
Die Akzeptoren sind NAD+ oder NADP+ (1.12.1) oder andere (1.12.99) .The acceptors are NAD + or NADP + (1.12.1) or others (1.12.99).
Desweiteren bevorzugt sind Enzyme der Klasse 1.13 und 1.14 (Oxigenasen) .Enzymes of class 1.13 and 1.14 (oxigenases) are also preferred.
Weiterhin sind bevorzugte Enzyme die der Klasse 1.15 , die auf Superoxid-Radikale als Akzeptoren wirken.Preferred enzymes are also those of class 1.15 which act as acceptors on superoxide radicals.
Besonders bevorzugt ist hier die Superoxid-Dismutase (1.15.1.1) .Superoxide dismutase (1.15.1.1) is particularly preferred here.
Weiterhin sind bevorzugt Enzyme der Klasse 1.16.Enzymes of class 1.16 are also preferred.
Als Akzeptoren wirken NAD+ oder NADP+ (1.16.1) oder Sauerstoff (02) (1.16.3) .NAD + or NADP + (1.16.1) or oxygen (0 2 ) (1.16.3) act as acceptors.
Besonders bevorzugt sind hier Enzyme der Klasse 1.16.3.1 (Ferroxidase, z.B. Ceruloplasmin) .Enzymes of class 1.16.3.1 (ferroxidase, e.g. ceruloplasmin) are particularly preferred here.
Weiterhin bevorzugte Enzyme sind diejenigen, die der GruppeFurther preferred enzymes are those belonging to the group
1.17 (Wirkung auf CH2-Gruppen, die zu -CHOH- oxidiert werden) ,1.17 (effect on CH 2 groups which are oxidized to -CHOH-),
1.18 (Wirkung auf reduziertes Ferredoxin als Donor) , 1.19 (Wirkung auf reduziertes Flavodoxin als Donor) und 1.97 (andere Oxidoreduktasen) angehören.1.18 (effect on reduced ferredoxin as donor), 1.19 (effect on reduced flavodoxin as donor) and 1.97 (other oxidoreductases).
Weiterhin besonders bevorzugt sind die Enzyme der Gruppe 1.11., die auf ein Peroxid als Akzeptor wirken. Diese einzige Subklasse (1.11.1) enthält die Peroxidasen.Enzymes from group 1.11. Which act on a peroxide as acceptor are further particularly preferred. This only subclass (1.11.1) contains the peroxidases.
Besonders bevorzugt sind hier die Cytochrom-C-Peroxidasen (1.11.1.5) , Catalase (1.11.1.6) , die Peroxydase (1.11.1.6) ,
die Iodid-Peroxidase (1.11.1.8) , die Glutathione-Peroxidase (1.11.1.9) , die Chlorid-Peroxidase (1.11.1.10) , die L-Ascor- bat-Peroxidase (1.11.1.11) , die Phospholipid-Hydroperoxid- Glutathione-Peroxidase (1.11.1.12) , die Mangan-Peroxidase (1.12.1.13) , die Diarylpropan-Peroxidase (Ligninase, Lignin- Peroxidase) (1.11.1.14) .The cytochrome C peroxidases (1.11.1.5), catalase (1.11.1.6), the peroxidase (1.11.1.6), the iodide peroxidase (1.11.1.8), the glutathione peroxidase (1.11.1.9), the chloride peroxidase (1.11.1.10), the L-ascorbate peroxidase (1.11.1.11), the phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione -Peroxidase (1.11.1.12), the manganese peroxidase (1.12.1.13), the diarylpropane peroxidase (ligninase, lignin peroxidase) (1.11.1.14).
Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Enzyme der Klasse 1.10, die auf Biphenole und verwandten Verbindungen wirken. Sie katalysieren die Oxidation von Biphenolen und Ascorbaten. Als Akzeptoren fungieren NAD+, NADP+ (1.10.1) , Cytochrome (1.10.2) , Sauer¬ stoff (1.10.3) oder andere (1.10.99) .Enzymes of class 1.10 which act on biphenols and related compounds are very particularly preferred. They catalyze the oxidation of biphenols and ascorbates. NAD + , NADP + (1.10.1), cytochrome (1.10.2), oxygen (1.10.3) or others (1.10.99) act as acceptors.
Von diesen wiederum sind Enzyme der Klasse 1.10.3 mit Sauer- stoff (02) als Akzeptor besonders bevorzugt.Of these in turn, class 1.10.3 enzymes with oxygen (0 2 ) as the acceptor are particularly preferred.
Von den Enzymen dieser Klasse sind die Enzyme Catechol Oxidase (Tyrosinase) (1.10.3.1) , L-Ascorbate Oxidase (1.10.3.3) , o-A- minophenol Oxidase (1.10.3.4) und Laccase (Benzoldiol : Oxigen Oxidoreduktase) (1.10.3.2) bevorzugt, wobei die Laccasen (Ben¬ zoldiol: Oxigen Oxidoreduktase) (1.10.3.2) insbesondere bevor¬ zugt sind.Of the enzymes in this class, the enzymes are catechol oxidase (tyrosinase) (1.10.3.1), L-ascorbate oxidase (1.10.3.3), o-aminophenol oxidase (1.10.3.4) and laccase (benzenediol: oxigen oxidoreductase) (1.10.3.2 ) is preferred, the laccases (benzol diol: oxigen oxidoreductase) (1.10.3.2) being particularly preferred.
Die genannten Enzyme sind käuflich erhältlich oder lassen sich nach Standardverfahren gewinnen. Als Organismen zur Produktion der Enzyme kommen beispielsweise Pflanzen, tierische Zellen, Bakterien und Pilze in Betracht. Grundsätzlich können sowohl natürlich vorkommende als auch gentechnisch veränderte Orga¬ nismen Enzymproduzenten sein. Ebenso sind Teile von einzelli- gen oder mehrzelligen Organismen als Enzymproduzenten denkbar, vor allem Zellkulturen.The enzymes mentioned are commercially available or can be obtained by standard methods. Plants, animal cells, bacteria and fungi, for example, come into consideration as organisms for the production of the enzymes. In principle, both naturally occurring and genetically modified organisms can be enzyme producers. Parts of single-cell or multicellular organisms are also conceivable as enzyme producers, especially cell cultures.
Für die insbesondere bevorzugten Enzyme, wie die aus der Grup¬ pe 1.11.1 vor allem aber 1.10.3 und insbesondere zur Produkti- on von Laccasen werden beispielsweise Weißfäulepilze wie Pleu- rotus, Phlebia und Trametes verwendet.
Das erfindungsgemäße Mehrkomponentensystem umfaßt mindestens ein Oxidationsmittel . Als Oxidationsmittel können beispiels¬ weise Luft, Sauerstoff, Ozon, H202, organische Peroxide, Per¬ säuren wie die Peressigsäure, Perameisensäure, Perschwefelsäu- re, Persalpetersäure, Metachlorperoxibenzosäure, Perchlorsäu¬ re, Perborate, Peracetate, Persulfate, Peroxide oder Sauer¬ stoffspezies und deren Radikale wie OH', OOH' , Singulettsauer- stoff, Superoxid (02'~) , Ozonid, Dioxygenyl-Kation (02 +) , Di¬ oxirane, Dioxetane oder Fremy Radikale eingesetzt werden.For the particularly preferred enzymes, such as those from group 1.11.1, but above all 1.10.3, and in particular for the production of laccases, white rot fungi such as pleurus, phlebia and trametes are used, for example. The multi-component system according to the invention comprises at least one oxidizing agent. Examples of suitable oxidizing agents are air, oxygen, ozone, H 2 O 2 , organic peroxides, peracids such as peracetic acid, performic acid, persulfuric acid, persalpic acid, metachloroperoxibenzoic acid, perchloric acid, perborates, peracetates, persulfates, peroxides or acids ¬ substance species and their radicals such as OH ', OOH', singlet oxygen, superoxide (0 2 ' ~ ), ozonide, dioxygenyl cation (0 2 + ), di¬ oxirane, dioxetane or fremy radicals are used.
Vorzugsweise werden solche Oxidationsmittel eingesetzt, die entweder durch die entsprechenden Oxidoreduktasen generiert werden können z.B. Dioxirane aus Laccasen plus Carbonylen oder die chemisch den Mediator regenerieren können oder diesen di- rekt umsetzen können.Preferably oxidizing agents are used which can either be generated by the corresponding oxidoreductases e.g. Dioxiranes from laccases plus carbonyls or which can chemically regenerate the mediator or directly implement it.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch die Verwendung von Substanzen, welche erfindungsgemäß als Mediatoren geeignet sind zum Verän¬ dern, Abbau oder Bleichen von Lignin, ligninhaltigen Materia- lien oder ähnlichen Stoffen.The invention also relates to the use of substances which, according to the invention, are suitable as mediators for changing, breaking down or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances.
Die Wirksamkeit des Mehrkomponentensystems beim Verändern, Ab¬ bau oder Bleichen von Lignin, ligninhaltigen Materialien oder ähnlichen Stoffen ist häufig nochmals gesteigert, wenn neben den genannten Bestandteilen noch Mg + Ionen vorhanden sind.The effectiveness of the multicomponent system when changing, breaking down or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances is often further increased if, in addition to the constituents mentioned, Mg + ions are also present.
Die Mg Ionen können beispielsweise als Salz, wie z.B. MgSO* , eingesetzt werden. Die Konzentration liegt im Bereich von 0,1 - 2 mg/g ligninhaltigem Material, vorzugsweise bei 0,2 - 0,6 mg/g.The Mg ions can be used, for example, as a salt, such as MgSO * . The concentration is in the range of 0.1-2 mg / g of lignin-containing material, preferably 0.2-0.6 mg / g.
In manchen Fällen läßt sich eine weitere Steigerung der Wirk¬ samkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Mehrkomponentensystems dadurch erreichen, daß das Mehrkomponentensystem neben den Mg + Ionen auch Komplexbildner wie z.B. Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure (ED- TA) , Diethylentriaminpentaessigsäure (DTPA) , Hydroxyethylen- diamintriessigsäure (HEDTA) , Diethylentriaminpentamethylen- phosphonsäure (DTMPA) , Nitrilotriessigsäure (NTA) , Polyphos- phorsäure (PPA) etc. enthält. Die Konzentration liegt im
Bereich von 0,2 - 5 mg/g ligninhaltigem Material, vorzugsweise bei 1 - 3 mg.In some cases a further increase in the effectiveness of the multicomponent system according to the invention can be achieved in that the multicomponent system in addition to the Mg + ions also complexing agents such as, for example, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), diethylenetriaminepentamethylene - contains phosphonic acid (DTMPA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), polyphosphoric acid (PPA) etc. The concentration is in Range of 0.2-5 mg / g of lignin-containing material, preferably 1-3 mg.
Der Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Mehrkomponentensystems in einem Verfahren zum Behandeln von Lignin erfolgt beispielswei¬ se dadurch, daß man die jeweils ausgewählten Komponenten a) bis c) gemäß Anspruch 1 gleichzeitig oder in beliebiger Rei¬ henfolge mit einer wässrigen Suspension des ligninhaltigen Ma¬ terials mischt .The multi-component system according to the invention is used in a process for treating lignin, for example, by mixing the respectively selected components a) to c) according to claim 1 simultaneously or in any order with an aqueous suspension of the lignin-containing material.
Vorzugsweise wird ein Verfahren unter Einsatz des erfindungs¬ gemäßen Mehrkomponentensystems in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff oder Luft bei Normaldruck bis 10 bar und in einem pH-Bereich von 2 bis 11, bei einer Temperatur von 20 bis 95°C, vorzugs- weise 40 - 95°C, und einer Stoffdichte von 0,5 bis 40 % durchgeführt .A process using the multicomponent system according to the invention is preferred in the presence of oxygen or air at atmospheric pressure up to 10 bar and in a pH range from 2 to 11, at a temperature of 20 to 95 ° C., preferably 40-95 ° C, and a consistency of 0.5 to 40%.
Ein für den Einsatz von Enzymen bei der Zellstoffbleiche unge¬ wöhnlicher und überraschender Befund ist, daß beim Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Mehrkomponentensystems eine Steigerung der Stoffdichte eine erhebliche Steigerung der Kappaerniedrigung ermöglicht .An unusual and surprising finding for the use of enzymes in pulp bleaching is that when the multicomponent system according to the invention is used, an increase in the consistency enables a significant increase in the kappa reduction.
Aus ökonomischen Gründen bevorzugt wird ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren bei Stoffdichten von 8 bis 35 %, besonders bevorzugt 9 bis 15 % durchgeführt.For economic reasons, a process according to the invention is preferably carried out at consistencies of 8 to 35%, particularly preferably 9 to 15%.
Überraschenderweise zeigte sich ferner, daß eine saure Wäsche (pH 2 bis 6, vorzugsweise 4 bis 5) oder Q-Stufe (pH-Wert 2 bis 6, vorzugsweise 4 bis 5) vor der Enzym-Mediatorstufe bei man¬ chen Zellstoffen zu einer erheblichen Kappazahlerniedrigung im Vergleich zur Behandlung ohne diese spezielle Vorbehandlung führt. In der Q-Stufe werden als Chelatbildner die zu diesem Zwecke üblichen Substanzen (wie z.B. EDTA, DTPA) eingesetzt. Sie werden vorzugsweise in Konzentrationen von 0,1 %/t bis 1 %/t, besonders bevorzugt 0,1 %/t bis 0,5 %/t, eingesetzt.
Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden vorzugsweise 0,01 bis 10.000 IU Enzym pro g ligninhaltiges Material eingesetzt. Be¬ sonders bevorzugt werden 0,1 bis 100, insbesondere bevorzugt werden 1 bis 40, IU Enzym pro g ligninhaltiges Material einge- setzt (1 U entspricht dem Umsatz von 1 μmol 2, 2 ' -Azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazolin-6-sulfonsäure-diammoniumsalz) (ABTS) /min/ml Enzym) .Surprisingly, it was also found that an acid wash (pH 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 5) or Q stage (pH 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 5) before the enzyme mediator stage led to a considerable degree in some pulps Kappa reduction compared to treatment without this special pretreatment leads. In the Q stage, the substances customary for this purpose (such as EDTA, DTPA) are used as chelating agents. They are preferably used in concentrations of 0.1% / t to 1% / t, particularly preferably 0.1% / t to 0.5% / t. In the process according to the invention, preferably 0.01 to 10,000 IU enzyme per g lignin-containing material are used. It is particularly preferred to use 0.1 to 100, particularly preferably 1 to 40, IU of enzyme per g of lignin-containing material (1 U corresponds to the conversion of 1 μmol of 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline) -6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt) (ABTS) / min / ml enzyme).
Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden vorzugsweise 0,01 mg bis 100 mg Oxidationsmittel pro g ligninhaltigem Material einge¬ setzt. Besonders bevorzugt werden 0,01 bis 50 mg Oxidations¬ mittel pro g ligninhaltigem Material eingesetzt.In the process according to the invention, preferably 0.01 mg to 100 mg of oxidizing agent per g of lignin-containing material is used. 0.01 to 50 mg of oxidizing agent per g of lignin-containing material are particularly preferably used.
Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 80 mg Mediator pro g ligninhaltigem Material eingesetzt. Beson¬ ders bevorzugt werden 0,5 bis 40 mg Mediator pro g ligninhal¬ tigem Material eingesetzt.In the method according to the invention, 0.5 to 80 mg of mediator per g of lignin-containing material is preferably used. 0.5 to 40 mg of mediator per g of lignin-containing material are particularly preferably used.
Gleichzeitig können Reduktionsmittel zugegeben werden, die zu- sammen mit den vorhandenen Oxidationsmitteln zur Einstellung eines bestimmten Redoxpotentials dienen.At the same time, reducing agents can be added which, together with the oxidizing agents present, serve to set a certain redox potential.
Als Reduktionsmittel können Natrium-Bisulfit, Natrium- Dithionit, Ascorbinsaure, Thioverbindungen, Mercaptoverbindun- gen oder Glutathion etc. eingesetzt werden.Sodium bisulfite, sodium dithionite, ascorbic acid, thio compounds, mercapto compounds or glutathione etc. can be used as reducing agents.
Die Reaktion läuft beispielsweise bei Laccase unter Luft- oder Sauerstoffzufuhr oder Sauerstoff- bzw. Luftüberdruck ab, bei den Peroxidasen (z.B. Ligninperoxidasen, Manganperoxidasen) mit Wasserstoffperoxid ab. Dabei können beispielsweise der Sauerstoff auch durch Wasserstoffperoxid + Katalase und Was¬ serstoffperoxid durch Glucose + Glucoseoxidase oder andere Sy¬ steme in situ generiert werden.In the case of laccase, for example, the reaction proceeds with air or oxygen supply or oxygen or air pressure, in the case of the peroxidases (e.g. lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases) with hydrogen peroxide. In this case, for example, the oxygen can also be generated in situ by hydrogen peroxide + catalase and hydrogen peroxide by glucose + glucose oxidase or other systems.
Außerdem können dem System Radikalbildner oder Radikalfänger (Abfangen von beispielsweise OH" oder OOH" Radikalen) zuge¬ setzt werden. Diese können das Zusammenspiel innerhalb der Red/Ox- und Radikalmediatoren verbessern.
Der Reaktionslösung können auch weitere Metallsalze zugegeben werden.In addition, radical formers or radical scavengers (trapping, for example, OH "or OOH" radicals) can be added to the system. These can improve the interaction within the Red / Ox and radical mediators. Other metal salts can also be added to the reaction solution.
Diese sind im Zusammenwirken mit Chelatbildnern als Radikal- bildner oder Red/Ox-Zentren wichtig. Die Salze bilden in der Reaktionslösung Kationen. Solche Ionen sind u.a. Fe , Fe3+ / Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Ti3+, Cer4+, Al3+.These are important in conjunction with chelating agents as radical formers or red / ox centers. The salts form cations in the reaction solution. Such ions include Fe, Fe 3+ / Mn 2+ , Mn 3+ , Mn 4+ , Cu 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ti 3+ , Cer 4+ , Al 3+ .
Die in der Lösung vorhandenen Chelate können darüber hinaus als Mimicsubstanzen für die Enzyme, beispielsweise für die Laccasen (Kupferkomplexe) oder für die Lignin- oder Manganper- oxidasen (Hämkornplexe) dienen. Unter Mimicsubstanzen sind sol¬ che Stoffe zu verstehen, die die prosthetischen Gruppen von (hier) Oxidoreduktasen simulieren und z.B. Oxidationsreaktio- nen katalysieren können.The chelates present in the solution can also serve as mimic substances for the enzymes, for example for the laccases (copper complexes) or for the lignin or manganese peroxidases (haem grain complexes). Mimic substances are substances that simulate the prosthetic groups of (here) oxidoreductases and e.g. Can catalyze oxidation reactions.
Weiterhin kann dem Reaktionsgemisch NaOCl zugesetzt werden. Diese Verbindung kann im Zusammenspiel mit Wasserstoffperoxid Singulettsauerstoff bilden.NaOCl can also be added to the reaction mixture. In combination with hydrogen peroxide, this compound can form singlet oxygen.
Schließlich ist es auch möglich, unter Einsatz von Detergen- tien zu arbeiten. Als solche kommen nicht-ionische, anioni¬ sche, kationische und amphotere Tenside in Betracht. Die De- tergentien können die Penetration der Enzyme und Mediatoren in die Faser verbessern.Finally, it is also possible to work with detergents. Non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants are suitable as such. The detergents can improve the penetration of the enzymes and mediators into the fiber.
Ebenso kann es für die Reaktion förderlich sein, Polysacchari¬ de und/oder Proteine zuzusetzen. Hier sind insbesondere als Polysaccharide Glucane, Mannane, Dextrane, Lävane, Pektine, Alginate oder Pflanzengummis und/oder eigene von den Pilzen gebildete oder in der Mischkultur mit Hefen produzierte Poly¬ saccharide und als Proteine Gelantine und Albumin zu nennen. Diese Stoffe dienen hauptsächlich als Schutzkolloide für die Enzyme.It may also be beneficial for the reaction to add polysaccharides and / or proteins. Glucans, mannans, dextrans, levans, pectins, alginates or plant gums and / or own polysaccharides formed by the fungi or produced in the mixed culture with yeasts and in particular gelatin and albumin as proteins are to be mentioned here in particular as polysaccharides. These substances mainly serve as protective colloids for the enzymes.
Weitere Proteine, die zugesetzt werden können, sind Proteasen wie Pepsin, Bromelin, Papain usw.. Diese können u.a. dazu
dienen, durch den Abbau des im Holz vorhandenen Extensins C, eines hydroxyprolinreichen Proteins, einen besseren Zugang zum Lignin zu erreichen.Other proteins that can be added are proteases such as pepsin, bromelin, papain, etc. These can include serve to achieve better access to lignin by breaking down the extensin C present in the wood, a protein rich in hydroxyproline.
Als weitere Schutzkolloide kommen Aminosäuren, Einfachzucker, Oligomerzucker, PEG-Typen der verschiedensten Molekulargewich¬ te, Polyethylenoxide, Polyethylenimine und Polydimethylsiloxa- ne in Frage .Amino acids, simple sugars, oligomer sugars, PEG types of the most varied molecular weights, polyethylene oxides, polyethyleneimines and polydimethylsiloxanes can be used as further protective colloids.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann nicht nur bei der Deligni- fizierung (Bleiche) von Sulfat-, Sulfit-, Organosol-, o.a. Zellstoffen und von Holzstoffen eingesetzt werden, sondern auch bei der Herstellung von Zellstoffen oder Holzstoffen (Re- finerstoff/Holzschliff) allgemein beispielsweise aus Holz- oder Einjahrespflanzen. Dazu sollte eine Defibrillierung durch die üblichen Kochverfahren und/oder mechanischen Verfahren oder Druck (d.h. eine sehr schonende Behandlung bis zu Kappa- zahlen im Bereich von > 50 Kappa bzw. >10% Ligningehalt ) ge¬ währleistet sein.The method according to the invention can be used not only in the delignification (bleaching) of sulfate, sulfite, organosol, etc. Cellulose and wood pulp are used, but also in the production of cellulose or wood pulp (refiner / wood pulp) in general, for example from wood or annual plants. For this purpose, defibrillation should be ensured by the usual cooking processes and / or mechanical processes or pressure (i.e. very gentle treatment up to kappa numbers in the range of> 50 kappa or> 10% lignin content).
Bei der Bleiche von Zellstoffen wie auch bei der Herstellung von Zellstoffen kann die Behandlung mehrfach wiederholt wer¬ den, entweder nach Wäsche und Extraktion des behandelten Stof¬ fes mit NaOH oder ohne diese Zwischenschritte. Dies führt zu noch wesentlich weiter reduzierten Kappawerten und zu erhebli¬ chen Weißesteigerungen. Ebenso kann vor der Enzym/Mediatorbe¬ handlung eine 02-Stufe eingesetzt werden oder auch wie bereits erwähnt eine saure Wäsche oder Q-Stufe (Chelatstufe) ausge¬ führt werden.In the bleaching of cellulose as well as in the production of cellulose, the treatment can be repeated several times, either after washing and extraction of the treated material with NaOH or without these intermediate steps. This leads to significantly lower kappa values and considerable increases in whiteness. Likewise, a 0 2 stage can be used before the enzyme / mediator treatment or, as already mentioned, an acid wash or Q stage (chelate stage) can be carried out.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Beispielen näher erläutert :
Beispiel 1: Enzymatische Bleiche mit Violursäure und Softwood SulfatzellstoffThe invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of examples: Example 1: Enzymatic bleaching with violuric acid and Softwood sulfate pulp
5 g atro Zellstoff (Softwood 02 delignifiziert) , Stoffdichte 30% (ca. 17 g feucht) werden zu folgenden Lösungen gegeben:5 g dry cellulose (Softwood 0 2 delignified), consistency 30% (approx. 17 g wet) are added to the following solutions:
A) 20 ml Leitungswasser werden mit 65 mg Violursäure Monohy- drat unter Rühren versetzt, der pH-Wert mit 0,5 mol/1 H2S04-Lsg. so eingestellt, daß nach Zugabe des Zellstoffs und des Enzyms pH 4, 5 resultiert.A) 20 ml of tap water are mixed with 65 mg of violuric acid monohydrate while stirring, the pH with 0.5 mol / 1 H 2 S0 4 solution. adjusted so that pH 4.5 results after addition of the pulp and the enzyme.
B) 5 ml Leitungswasser werden mit der Menge Laccase von Trame- tes versicolor versetzt, daß eine Aktivität von 35 U (1 U = Umsatz von 1 μmol ABTS/min/ml Enzym) pro g Zellstoff resultiert . Die Lösungen A und B werden zusammengegeben und auf 33 ml aufgefüllt .B) 5 ml of tap water are mixed with the amount of Laccase from Trame- tes versicolor that an activity of 35 U (1 U = conversion of 1 μmol ABTS / min / ml enzyme) results per g of pulp. Solutions A and B are combined and made up to 33 ml.
Nach Zugabe des Zellstoffes wird für 2 min mit einem Teigkne- ter gemixt.After adding the pulp, mix with a dough kneader for 2 min.
Danach wird der Stoff in eine auf 45°C vorgeheizte Reaktions- bombe gegeben und unter 1 - 10 bar Sauerstoffüberdruck für 10 bis 40 Minuten inkubiert.Then the substance is placed in a reaction bomb preheated to 45 ° C and incubated under 1 - 10 bar oxygen pressure for 10 to 40 minutes.
Danach wird der Stoff über einem Nylonsieb (30 μm) gewaschen und 1 Stunde bei 60°C, 2% Stoffdichte und 8% NaOH pro g Zell¬ stoff extrahiert . Nach erneuter Wäsche des Stoffes wird die Kappazahl bestimmt.The fabric is then washed over a nylon sieve (30 μm) and extracted for 1 hour at 60 ° C., 2% fabric density and 8% NaOH per g of cellulose. After washing the fabric again, the kappa number is determined.
In Abhängigkeit der Inkubationsdauer werden folgende Deligni- fizierungsraten erreicht:Depending on the incubation period, the following delignification rates are achieved:
Reaktionsdauer Kappa LigninabbauResponse time kappa lignin degradation
[min] nach Extraktion [%][min] after extraction [%]
0 * 10,40 0,000 * 10.40 0.00
10, 00 8, 00 23, 1010, 8, 00, 23, 10
20, 00 7,40 28, 8020, 00 7.40 28, 80
30, 00 7,00 32, 7030.00 7.00 32.70
40, 00 7,00 32, 7040, 00 7.00 32, 70
Ergebnis * bei 0 min (Kappa vor Extraktion)
Beispiel 2 : Enzymatische Bleiche mit Violursäure und Softwood SulfatZellstoffResult * at 0 min (kappa before extraction) Example 2: Enzymatic bleaching with violuric acid and Softwood sulfate pulp
5 g atro Zellstoff (Softwood 02 delignifiziert) , Stoffdichte 30% (ca. 17 g feucht) werden zu folgenden Lösungen gegeben:5 g dry cellulose (Softwood 0 2 delignified), consistency 30% (approx. 17 g wet) are added to the following solutions:
A) 20 ml Leitungswasser werden mit 130 mg Violursäure Monohy- drat unter Rühren versetzt, der pH-Wert mit 0,5 mol/1 H2S04-Lsg. so eingestellt, daß nach Zugabe des Zellstoffs und des Enzyms pH 4, 5 resultiert.A) 20 ml of tap water are mixed with 130 mg of violuric acid monohydrate while stirring, the pH value with 0.5 mol / 1 H 2 S0 4 solution. adjusted so that pH 4.5 results after addition of the pulp and the enzyme.
B) 5 ml Leitungswasser werden mit der Menge Laccase von Trame- tes versicolor versetzt, daß eine Aktivität von 35 U (1 U = Umsatz von 1 μmol ABTS/min/ml Enzym) pro g Zellstoff resultiert . Die Lösungen A und B werden zusammengegeben und auf 33 ml aufgefüllt .B) 5 ml of tap water are mixed with the amount of Laccase from Trameses versicolor that an activity of 35 U (1 U = conversion of 1 μmol ABTS / min / ml enzyme) results per g of pulp. Solutions A and B are combined and made up to 33 ml.
Nach Zugabe des Zellstoffes wird für 2 min mit einem Teigkne- ter gemixt . Danach wird der Stoff in eine auf 45°C vorgeheizte Reaktions- bombe gegeben und unter 1 - 10 bar Sauerstoffüberdruck für 1 - 4 Stunden inkubiert .After adding the pulp, mix with a dough kneader for 2 min. The substance is then placed in a reaction bomb preheated to 45 ° C. and incubated under 1-10 bar oxygen pressure for 1-4 hours.
Danach wird der Stoff über einem Nylonsieb (30 μm) gewaschen und 1 Stunde bei 60°C, 2% Stoffdichte und 8% NaOH pro g Zell¬ stoff extrahiert. Nach erneuter Wäsche des Stoffes wird die Kappazahl bestimmt.The fabric is then washed over a nylon sieve (30 μm) and extracted for 1 hour at 60 ° C., 2% fabric density and 8% NaOH per g of cellulose. After washing the fabric again, the kappa number is determined.
In Abhängigkeit der Inkubationsdauer werden folgende Deligni- fizierungsraten erreicht:Depending on the incubation period, the following delignification rates are achieved:
ionsdauer Kappa LigninabbauDuration of kappa lignin degradation
[h] nach Extraktion [%][h] after extraction [%]
0 * 10,40 0, 000 * 10.40 0.00
4 4,90 52, 904 4.90 52, 90
Ergebnis * bei 0 min Kappa vor ExtraktionResult * at 0 min kappa before extraction
Von der eingesetzten Enzymaktivität wurden nach einer Reak-
tionsdauer von 4 Stunden 89% wiedergefunden.After a reac- time of 4 hours found 89%.
Vergleichsbeispiel 1: Enzymatische Bleiche mitComparative Example 1: Enzymatic bleaching with
1-Hydroxy-1-H-Benzotriazol und Softwood Sulfatzellstoff1-hydroxy-1-H-benzotriazole and softwood sulfate pulp
5 g atro Zellstoff (Softwood 02 delignifiziert) , Stoffdichte 30% (ca. 17 g feucht) werden zu folgenden Lösungen gegeben:5 g dry cellulose (Softwood 0 2 delignified), consistency 30% (approx. 17 g wet) are added to the following solutions:
A) 20 ml Leitungswasser werden mit 25 mg 1-Hydroxy-l-H-Benzotriazol unter Rühren versetzt, der pH-Wert mit 0,5 mol/1 H2S04-Lsg. so eingestellt, daß nach Zugabe des Zellstoffs und des Enzyms pH 4, 5 resultiert.A) 20 ml of tap water are mixed with 25 mg of 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole with stirring, the pH with 0.5 mol / 1 H 2 S0 4 solution. adjusted so that pH 4.5 results after addition of the pulp and the enzyme.
B) 5 ml Leitungswasser werden mit der Menge Laccase von Trame- tes versicolor versetzt, daß eine Aktivität von 35 U (1 U = Umsatz von 1 μmol ABTS/min/ml Enzym) pro g Zellstoff resultiert.B) 5 ml of tap water are mixed with the amount of Laccase from Trameses versicolor that an activity of 35 U (1 U = conversion of 1 μmol ABTS / min / ml enzyme) results per g of pulp.
Die Lösungen A und B werden zusammengegeben und auf 33 ml aufgefüllt.Solutions A and B are combined and made up to 33 ml.
Nach Zugabe des Zellstoffes wird für 2 min mit einem Teigkne- ter gemixt . Danach wird der Stoff in eine auf 45°C vorgeheizte Reaktions¬ bombe gegeben und unter 1 - 10 bar Sauerstoffüberdruck für 10 bis 40 Minuten inkubiert.After adding the pulp, mix with a dough kneader for 2 min. The substance is then placed in a reaction bomb preheated to 45 ° C. and incubated under 1-10 bar oxygen pressure for 10 to 40 minutes.
Danach wird der Stoff über einem Nylonsieb (30 μm) gewaschen und 1 Stunde bei 60°C, 2% Stoffdichte und 8% NaOH pro g Zell- stoff extrahiert.The fabric is then washed over a nylon sieve (30 μm) and extracted for 1 hour at 60 ° C, 2% fabric density and 8% NaOH per g of pulp.
Nach erneuter Wäsche des Stoffes wird die Kappazahl bestimmt.After washing the fabric again, the kappa number is determined.
In Abhängigkeit der Inkubationsdauer werden folgende Deligni- fizierungsraten erreicht:
Depending on the incubation period, the following delignification rates are achieved:
Reaktionsdauer Kappa LigninabbauResponse time kappa lignin degradation
[min] nach Extraktion [%][min] after extraction [%]
0 * 10,40 0,000 * 10.40 0.00
10, 00 9,70 6,7010, 00, 9.70, 6.70
20,00 9,30 10, 6020.00 9.30 10, 60
30, 00 8, 90 14,4030, 00 8, 90 14.40
40,00 8,50 18,3040.00 8.50 18.30
Ergebnis * bei 0 min (Kappa vor Extraktion)Result * at 0 min (kappa before extraction)
Vergleichsbeispiel 2 : Enzymatische Bleiche mitComparative Example 2: Enzymatic bleaching with
1-Hydroxy-1-H-Benzotriazol und Softwood Sulfatzellstoff1-hydroxy-1-H-benzotriazole and softwood sulfate pulp
5 g atro Zellstoff (Softwood 02 delignifiziert) , Stoffdichte5 g dry cellulose (Softwood 0 2 delignified), consistency
30% (ca. 17 g feucht) werden zu folgenden Lösungen gegeben:30% (approx. 17 g moist) are added to the following solutions:
A) 20 ml Leitungswasser werden mit 50 mgA) 20 ml tap water with 50 mg
1-Hydroxy-1-H-Benzotriazol unter Rühren versetzt, der pH-Wert mit 0,5 mol/1 H2S04-Lsg. so eingestellt, daß nach Zugabe des Zellstoffs und des Enzyms pH 4, 5 resultiert.1-Hydroxy-1-H-benzotriazole added with stirring, the pH with 0.5 mol / 1 H 2 S0 4 solution. adjusted so that pH 4.5 results after addition of the pulp and the enzyme.
B) 5 ml Leitungswasser werden mit der Menge Laccase von Trame- tes versicolor versetzt, daß eine Aktivität von 35 U (1 U = Umsatz von 1 μmol ABTS/min/ml Enzym) pro g Zellstoff resultiert .B) 5 ml of tap water are mixed with the amount of Laccase from Trameses versicolor that an activity of 35 U (1 U = conversion of 1 μmol ABTS / min / ml enzyme) results per g of pulp.
Die Lösungen A und B werden zusammengegeben und auf 33 ml aufgefüllt .Solutions A and B are combined and made up to 33 ml.
Nach Zugabe des Zellstoffes wird für 2 min mit einem Teigkne- ter gemixt .After adding the pulp, mix with a dough kneader for 2 min.
Danach wird der Stoff in eine auf 45°C vorgeheizte Reaktionε- bombe gegeben und unter 1 - 10 bar Sauerstoffüberdruck für 1 ■Then the substance is placed in a reaction bomb preheated to 45 ° C and under 1 - 10 bar oxygen pressure for 1 ■
4 Stunden inkubiert .Incubated for 4 hours.
Danach wird der Stoff über einem Nylonsieb (30 μm) gewaschen und 1 Stunde bei 60°C, 2% Stoffdichte und 8% NaOH pro g Zell¬ stoff extrahiert. Nach erneuter Wäsche des Stoffes wird die Kappazahl bestimmt.
In Abhängigkeit der Inkubationsdauer werden folgende Deligni' fizierungsraten erreicht:The fabric is then washed over a nylon sieve (30 μm) and extracted for 1 hour at 60 ° C., 2% fabric density and 8% NaOH per g of cellulose. After washing the fabric again, the kappa number is determined. Depending on the incubation period, the following delignification rates are achieved:
Reaktionsdauer Kappa LigninabbauResponse time kappa lignin degradation
[h] nach Extraktion [%][h] after extraction [%]
0 * 10,40 0, 000 * 10.40 0.00
4 5,60 46,204 5.60 46.20
Ergebnis * bei 0 min Kappa vor ExtraktionResult * at 0 min kappa before extraction
Von der eingesetzten Enzymaktivität wurden nach einer Reak¬ tionsdauer von 4 Stunden 15% wiedergefunden.
15% of the enzyme activity used was recovered after a reaction time of 4 hours.
Claims
1. Mehrkomponentensystem zum Verändern, Abbau oder Bleichen von Lignin, ligninhaltigen Materialien oder ähnlichen Stoffen enthaltend1. Containing a multi-component system for changing, breaking down or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances
a. ggf. mindestens einen Oxidationskatalysator unda. optionally at least one oxidation catalyst and
b. mindestens ein geeignetes Oxidationsmittel undb. at least one suitable oxidizing agent and
c. mindestens einen Mediator, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mediator ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe der Oxime der allgemei¬ nen Formel I oder IIc. at least one mediator, characterized in that the mediator is selected from the group of oximes of the general formula I or II
ΪIΪI
sowie deren Salze, Ether, oder Ester, wobeiand their salts, ethers, or esters, where
X, gleich oder verschieden ist und 0, S, oder NR1 bedeuten wobeiX, is the same or different and is 0, S, or NR 1 where
R1 Wasserstoff-, Hydroxy-, Formyl-, Carbamoyl-, Sulfonorest, Ester oder Salz des Sulfonorests, Sulfamoyl-, Nitro-, Amino-, Phenyl-, Aryl-C1_- C5-alkyl-, C^C^-Alky!-/ C1-C5-Alkoxy-, C1-C10-Carbonyl-, Carbonyl-C-j^-Cg-alkyl-, Phospho-, Phosphono-, Phosphonooxyrest, Ester oder Salz des Phosphonooxyrests bedeutet, wobei Carbamoyl-, Sulfamoyl-, Amino- und Phenylreste unsubsti¬ tuiert oder ein- oder mehrfach mit einem Rest R2 substituiert sein können und die Aryl-C1-C5-alkyl- , C1-C12-Alkyl- , C1-C5-Alkoxy- , C1-C10-Carbonyl- , Carbonyl-C-^-Cg-alkyl-Reste gesättigt oder ungesättigt, verzweigt oder unverzweigt sein können und mit einem Rest R2 ein- oder mehrfach substituiert sein können wobeiR 1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, formyl, carbamoyl, sulfono, ester or salt of sulfono, sulfamoyl, nitro, amino, phenyl, aryl-C 1 -C 5 -alkyl-, C ^ C ^ -Alky! - / C 1 -C 5 -alkoxy-, C 1 -C 10 -carbonyl-, carbonyl-C- j ^ -Cg-alkyl-, phospho-, phosphono-, phosphonooxy radical, ester or salt of the phosphonooxy radical, where carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, amino and phenyl radicals can be unsubstituted or substituted one or more times with a radical R 2 and the aryl-C 1 -C 5 -alkyl-, C 1 -C 12 -alkyl-, C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, C 1 -C 10 carbonyl, carbonyl-C - ^ - Cg-alkyl radicals can be saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched and can be substituted one or more times with a radical R 2 in which
R2 gleich oder verschieden ist und Hydroxy-, Formyl-, Carboxy- rest, Ester oder Salz des Carboxyrests, Carbamoyl-, Sulfono- Ester oder Salz des Sulfonorests, Sulfamoyl-, Nitro-, Amino-, Phenyl-, C- -Cg-Alkyl- , C-L-Cς-Alkoxyrest bedeutet undR 2 is the same or different and hydroxyl, formyl, carboxy radical, ester or salt of the carboxy radical, carbamoyl, sulfono ester or salt of the sulfono radical, sulfamoyl, nitro, amino, phenyl, C- -Cg -Alkyl-, CL-Cς alkoxy radical means and
die Reste R -R4 gleich oder verschieden sind und Halogen-, Carboxyrest, Ester oder Salz des Carboxyrests bedeuten, oder die für R genannten Bedeutungen haben, oder zu einem Ringthe radicals R -R 4 are identical or different and are halogen, carboxy, ester or salt of the carboxy, or have the meanings mentioned for R, or to form a ring
[-CR 7'R80],, mit n gleich 2, 3 oder 4 verknüpft sind und[-CR 7'R8 0 ] ,, are linked to n equal to 2, 3 or 4 and
R S und R6 die für R1 genannten Bedeutungen haben undR S and R6 have the meanings given for R1 and
R 7 und R8 gleich oder verschieden sind und Halogen-, Carboxy¬ rest, Ester oder Salz des Carboxyrests bedeuten, oder die fürR 7 and R8 are the same or different and represent halogen, carboxy radical, ester or salt of the carboxy radical, or those for
R genannten Bedeutungen haben.R have meanings mentioned.
2. Mehrkomponentensystem gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß es mindestens einen Oxidationskatalysator umfaßt .2. Multi-component system according to claim 1, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that it comprises at least one oxidation catalyst.
3. Mehrkomponentensystem gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, daß als Oxidationskatalysator Enzym eingesetzt wird.3. Multi-component system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that enzyme is used as the oxidation catalyst.
4. Mehrkomponentensystem gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Enzym Laccase eingesetzt wird.4. Multi-component system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that laccase is used as the enzyme.
5. Mehrkomponentensystem gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Oxidationsmittel Luft, Sauer¬ stoff, Ozon, H202, organische Peroxide, Persäuren wie die Peressigsäure, Perameisensäure, Perschwefelsäure, Persalpeter¬ säure, Metachlorperoxibenzosäure, Perchlorsäure, Perborate, Peracetate, Persulfate, Peroxide oder Sauerstoffspezies und deren Radikale wie OH", 00H* , Singulettsauerstoff, Superoxid (02'_) , Ozonid, Dioxygenyl-Kation (02 +) , Dioxirane, Dioxetane oder Fremy Radikale eingesetzt werden.5. Multi-component system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that air, oxygen, ozone, H 2 0 2 , organic peroxides, peracids as the oxidizing agent Peracetic acid, performic acid, persulfuric acid, persalpeteric acid, metachlorperoxibenzoic acid, perchloric acid, perborates, peracetates, persulfates, peroxides or oxygen species and their radicals such as OH ", 00H * , singlet oxygen, superoxide (0 2 ' _ ), ozonide, dioxygenyl cation 2 + ), Dioxirane, Dioxetane or Fremy radicals are used.
6.Mehrkomponentensystem gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, daß als Mediator Verbindungen der allge- meinen Formel I, bei denen X O oder S bedeutet und die übrigen Reste die vorstehend genannten Bedeutungen haben, eingesetzt werden.6. Multi-component system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that compounds of the general formula I in which X is O or S and the other radicals have the meanings mentioned above are used as mediators.
7. Mehrkomponentensystem gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Mediator Isonitrosoderivate von cyclischen Ureiden der allgemeinen Formel II eingesetzt werden.7. Multi-component system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that isonitroso derivatives of cyclic ureides of the general formula II are used as mediators.
8. Mehrkomponentensystem gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Mediator Alloxan-5-oxim Hydrat (Violursäure) oder dessen Ester, Ether oder Salze eingesetzt werden.8. Multi-component system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that as mediator alloxan-5-oxime hydrate (violuric acid) or its esters, ethers or salts are used.
9. Verfahren zum Behandeln von Lignin, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die jeweils ausgewählten Komponenten a) bis c) gemäß9. A method for treating lignin, characterized in that the components a) to c) selected in each case according to
Anspruch 1 gleichzeitig oder in beliebiger Reihenfolge mit ei¬ ner wässrigen Suspension des ligninhaltigen Materials mischt.Claim 1 mixes simultaneously or in any order with an aqueous suspension of the lignin-containing material.
10. Verwendung von Mediatoren gemäß Anspruch 1 zum Verändern, Abbau oder Bleichen von Lignin, ligninhaltigen Materialien oder ähnlichen Stoffen. 10. Use of mediators according to claim 1 for changing, breaking down or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU21603/97A AU2160397A (en) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-03-26 | A multicomponent system for changing, degrading or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances and processes for its use |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19612194.9 | 1996-03-27 | ||
DE19612194A DE19612194A1 (en) | 1996-03-27 | 1996-03-27 | Multi-component system for changing, breaking down or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances as well as methods for their use |
Publications (1)
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WO1997036039A1 true WO1997036039A1 (en) | 1997-10-02 |
Family
ID=7789640
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PCT/EP1997/001545 WO1997036039A1 (en) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-03-26 | A multicomponent system for changing, degrading or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances and processes for its use |
Country Status (3)
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AU (1) | AU2160397A (en) |
DE (1) | DE19612194A1 (en) |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0885868A1 (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 1998-12-23 | Consortium für elektrochemische Industrie GmbH | Oxidation-process for the production of aldehydes and ketones in the presence of nitrogen-containing compounds |
WO2003052201A1 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2003-06-26 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas | Novel method for the chlorine-free enzymatic bleaching of high-quality pulps obtained from herbaceous or shrub plants |
US6660128B1 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2003-12-09 | Pulp And Paper Research Institute Of Canada | Oxidase process for pulp |
GB2391011A (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-28 | Crosmill Ltd | Bleaching cellulose suspensions |
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US12168011B2 (en) | 2022-02-21 | 2024-12-17 | Verona Pharma Plc | Formulation production process |
US12251384B1 (en) | 2023-06-26 | 2025-03-18 | Verona Pharma Plc | Particulate composition |
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DE19820947B4 (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 2005-12-01 | Call, Krimhild | Enzymatic bleaching system with novel enzyme action enhancing compounds for altering, degrading or bleaching lignin, lignin containing materials, or altering or degrading coal, and methods using the bleaching system |
DE19726241A1 (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 1998-12-24 | Call Krimhild | Enhanced multi-component enzymatic system for the treatment of waste water, for the production of wood composites, for deinking waste paper, color stripping of waste paper, for use as an oxidation system in organic synthesis and for use in coal liquefaction |
CN100404753C (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2008-07-23 | 梅秀泉 | Oxidation method prepared whole-cotton stalk newspaper pulp and its preparation method |
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US20070272377A1 (en) * | 2003-12-25 | 2007-11-29 | Xiuquan Mei | Fully Closed, Zero Discharge, Clean Oxidizing Pulping Technology and Process |
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DE3216639A1 (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1982-11-25 | CIBA-GEIGY AG, 4002 Basel | Process for delignifying lignocellulose material |
WO1994029510A1 (en) * | 1993-06-16 | 1994-12-22 | Lignozym Gmbh | Process for modifying, breaking down or bleaching lignin, materials containing lignin or like substances |
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-
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- 1996-03-27 DE DE19612194A patent/DE19612194A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-03-26 WO PCT/EP1997/001545 patent/WO1997036039A1/en active Application Filing
- 1997-03-26 AU AU21603/97A patent/AU2160397A/en not_active Abandoned
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US3728461A (en) * | 1970-08-31 | 1973-04-17 | Gates Rubber Co | Use of violuric acid as a fungicide or bactericide |
DE3216639A1 (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1982-11-25 | CIBA-GEIGY AG, 4002 Basel | Process for delignifying lignocellulose material |
WO1994029510A1 (en) * | 1993-06-16 | 1994-12-22 | Lignozym Gmbh | Process for modifying, breaking down or bleaching lignin, materials containing lignin or like substances |
EP0717143A1 (en) * | 1994-12-16 | 1996-06-19 | Lignozym GmbH | Multicomponents system for modifying decomposing or bleaching of lignin or materials containing it or similar components and the way to use it |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6023000A (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 2000-02-08 | Consortium fur elektrochemisch Industrie GmbH | Process for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones |
US6297403B1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 2001-10-02 | Consortium für elektrochemische Industrie GmbH | Process for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones |
EP0885868A1 (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 1998-12-23 | Consortium für elektrochemische Industrie GmbH | Oxidation-process for the production of aldehydes and ketones in the presence of nitrogen-containing compounds |
US6660128B1 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2003-12-09 | Pulp And Paper Research Institute Of Canada | Oxidase process for pulp |
ES2189683B1 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2005-02-01 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | NEW PROCEDURE FOR CHLORINE-FREE ENZYMATIC WHITENING OF HIGH-QUALITY PASTES OBTAINED FROM HERBAL OR ARBUSTIVE PLANTS. |
WO2003052201A1 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2003-06-26 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas | Novel method for the chlorine-free enzymatic bleaching of high-quality pulps obtained from herbaceous or shrub plants |
ES2189683A1 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2003-07-01 | Consejo Superior Investigacion | Novel method for the chlorine-free enzymatic bleaching of high-quality pulps obtained from herbaceous or shrub plants |
GB2391011A (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-28 | Crosmill Ltd | Bleaching cellulose suspensions |
CN103080415A (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2013-05-01 | 诺维信公司 | Bleaching of pulp |
US9222078B2 (en) | 2010-07-01 | 2015-12-29 | Novozymes A/S | Bleaching of pulp |
CN106120422A (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2016-11-16 | 诺维信公司 | The bleaching of paper pulp |
CN106120422B (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2018-11-20 | 诺维信公司 | pulp bleaching |
US12168011B2 (en) | 2022-02-21 | 2024-12-17 | Verona Pharma Plc | Formulation production process |
US12251384B1 (en) | 2023-06-26 | 2025-03-18 | Verona Pharma Plc | Particulate composition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2160397A (en) | 1997-10-17 |
DE19612194A1 (en) | 1997-10-02 |
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