WO1997032115A1 - Perfectionnement aux moteurs a combustion interne a deux temps a balayage en boucle - Google Patents
Perfectionnement aux moteurs a combustion interne a deux temps a balayage en boucle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997032115A1 WO1997032115A1 PCT/FR1997/000354 FR9700354W WO9732115A1 WO 1997032115 A1 WO1997032115 A1 WO 1997032115A1 FR 9700354 W FR9700354 W FR 9700354W WO 9732115 A1 WO9732115 A1 WO 9732115A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- seat
- intake
- exhaust
- piston
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000237074 Centris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000722921 Tulipa gesneriana Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001936 parietal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/28—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of coaxial valves; characterised by the provision of valves co-operating with both intake and exhaust ports
- F01L1/285—Coaxial intake and exhaust valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement to two-stroke internal combustion engines with loop scanning, of the type having
- the scanning operation can only take place during a limited part of the time of each cycle, another important part of this time having to be devoted to the compression and expansion of the gases renewed in the chamber.
- the increase in the size of the valves quickly encounters a geometric limit imposed by the very dimensions of the cylinder head, while the increase in the lift of the valves, that is to say the distance by which the valve deviates from its seat, and the increase in the lifting speed, which are determined by the profile of the cams actuating the opening and closing of the valves, are quickly limited by the mechanical counter-forces imposed by the pressures of admissible contact between the cam nose and the parts it actuates.
- the performances namely the permeability of the cylinder head, the efficiency of the use of fresh air passing through the cylinder head, that is to say the ratio between the mass of fresh air trapped in the working chamber at the end of the sweep to the mass of fresh air passing through the cylinder head, and the sweep efficiency, namely the ratio between the mass of fresh air to the total mass of gas enclosed in the said chamber at the end of the sweep, are found therefore limited.
- Patent application EP-A-0 673 470 has made it possible to bring a clear improvement to these limitations by providing a single intake valve and a valve. single exhaust,
- the seat of the intake valve being integral with the cylinder head and oriented so that the pressure of the working fluid contained in the working chamber exerts a force which tends to press said valve on its seat, said seat being located in the vicinity immediately around the periphery of the upper portion of the above cylindrical wall in which the piston slides, and in contact with the cylinder head,
- the above-mentioned exhaust valve comprising a tubular part whose inner wall slides, in a sealed manner thanks to sealing means, around a fixed hub carried by the cylinder head, and whose end on the side of the chamber has a coaxial reach to said tubular part so as to be able to cooperate with a seat arranged inside the lower part on the side of the chamber of the aforesaid intake valve, making it possible to communicate the aforesaid cavity exhaust with the working chamber, thanks to the annular space delimited radially by the inner wall of the intake valve and by the outer wall of the exhaust valve.
- this arrangement makes it possible to optimize and control the sweeping and, moreover, to double the actual lift of the exhaust seat because the liftings of the intake and exhaust valves are effected in the opposite direction. .
- the present invention proposes to further improve the performance of engines having an intake valve and a concentric exhaust valve, in particular as they have just been defined above, which allows, as desired, to decrease the duration of the sweep and, consequently, to increase the useful expansion stroke of the engine and therefore its efficiency, or to obtain, for a given angular duration of sweep during the rising stroke of the piston, a high permeability of the cylinder head making it possible to increase the engine speed.
- Yet another objective of the invention is to considerably reduce the wear and tear of the valves and their seats and, in particular, the intake valve and its seat, the exhaust valve and its seat being generally better protected by the effect of lubrication by carbon deposits caused by the combustion gases heading towards the exhaust.
- the subject of the invention is a two-stroke internal combustion engine with loop scanning, preferably with compression ignition, of the type described in the preamble, and preferably in which the intake and exhaust valves are of shape of revolution and axes combined, and preferably combined with the axis of the said cylindrical wall, and mounted coaxially, preferably such that the inlet valve is located outside the valve and preferably comprising the other characteristics of the valves of concentric valve engines of the type described above, characterized in that, for at least one of said intake and exhaust valves, the surface of the valve located downstream, in the direction of flow passing through it, from the range of said valve, on the one hand, and the surface of the part extending the seat of said valve, with which cooperates said bearing, and also located downstream of said seat, on the other hand, are configured in the manner of a substantially isentropic diffuser to open into the cavity located in downstream of the valve.
- isentropic diffuser is understood a divergent nozzle in which the gas flow which crosses there undergoes an almost isentropic deceleration
- the outlet in said downstream cavity has a flow section greater than the geometric section of passage of the valve in the fully open position between the bearing surface of said valve and its seat.
- geometric passage section of the valve means the minimum free passage section between the valve lifted and its seat. This section remains in the vicinity of the seat, that is to say the contact areas of the closed valve and its seat, but its axial position may vary depending on the lift of the valve.
- the flow downstream of the valve takes place in a diffuser whose cross section gradually increases, at least when one approaches the cavity situated downstream of the valve, namely the working chamber, in the case of an intake valve and the exhaust cavity in the case of the exhaust valve, the flow section of this diffuser, that is to say the section through which the diffuser opens into said cavity , being greater than the passage section of the valve in the fully open position between the seat of the valve and its seat.
- the ratio between the flow section of the outlet for the flow of the valve in the cavity located downstream thereof, in the direction of flow, and said geometric section of the valve passage in the fully open position is at most equal to the critical ratio calculated for the value of the ratio of the pressures of the fluid flowing in said valve on either side thereof, and this at least during normal engine operation .
- the critical ratio is defined as that for which the speed of flow will reach the speed of sound at the neck of the fluid stream located in the vicinity of the valve seat; it can be easily calculated by the equations of isentropic diffusion.
- the surface profile of the valve downstream of its range is configured to become progressively substantially parallel to the direction of the cylindrical wall of the chamber in which the piston slides.
- the intake valve can determine, at its range, in combination with the seat, an angled path widening gradually in the meridian plane and, initially oriented advantageously outward, it is ie towards the wall of the chamber, to become progressively parallel to the wall of the chamber.
- the profile of the part of the valve located downstream of its range is configured at its outlet to be substantially parallel to the inner cylindrical part of the intake valve which forms the seat of the exhaust valve.
- deflector means can be provided in the air supply duct which delivers air to the tubular intake valve to give the air flow a rotary component allowing '' Address, through the passage surface of the valve then the part forming the diffuser, a flow of air in substantially isentropic flow while being animated by a rotational movement causing a centrifugal effect tending to keep the fresh air along the wall of the cylindrical chamber in which the piston slides, in order to obtain the advantages described in patent application FR-A-2 690 951.
- the access passages to the intake valve will preferably be inclined with respect to the geometric axis of the cylinder, in the direction of the piston to reduce the deflection of the flow in a meridian plane.
- the deflector means such as blades, can be arranged either at these passages, or even, if necessary, on the intake valve. It will also be understood that the invention, thanks to the increase in the effective permeability of the cylinder head resulting from the isentropic diffusion of the flow, makes it possible to limit the disadvantage of pressure drop which inevitably results from the rotation air by the deflector means whose inclination is, in general, close to 45 °.
- the invention also relates to a motor defined in the preamble, preferably comprising a tubular inlet valve having a bearing surface, preferably of general conical shape, cooperating with a valve seat carried by the cylinder head, the bearing of the valve seat on the seat then taking place along a circular line in a plane perpendicular to the axis of translation of the valve, characterized in that the seat and the valve, downstream of said circular line of support between the seat and the seat as defined when the pressure prevailing in the chamber is low or zero, are arranged so that during the cyclic deformation of the valve under the action of the forces due to the pressure of the gases, the diameter of this circular contact line decreases so that the range of the valve pivots around its support on its seat and rolls without sliding on that - this.
- the mating surface at the level of the seat and preferably also the surface at the level of the seat, have profiles having an inflection point, the contact line , that is to say support moving in the vicinity of this inflection point during pressure variations.
- the contact line when the valve is not that little or no pressure constraint is placed below this point of inflection whereas when the valve is strongly constrained, the gases being for example at maximum pressure, it is placed on or slightly above from this point of inflection.
- conjugate surfaces are arranged to form, downstream, in the direction of the flow of the fluid, of the bearing surface and of the seat, a diffuser allowing a substantially isentropic flow, diffuser as it has been defined above. above.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view in axial section of an engine according to the known state of the art, shown with the intake and exhaust valves in the closed state and the piston at its ' Top Dead Center then that combustion takes place in the combustion chamber;
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic view in axial section identical to Figure 1, but with the valves in the maximum open state and the piston near its bottom dead center while the scanning of the working chamber occurs ;
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of the geometric shapes of the admission and exhaust valves with their respective seats and produced according to the invention so as to allow the flow through them to diffuse so isentropic downstream of their respective passes, that is to say downstream of the maximum restriction of the passage offered to said flow.
- the intake valve is closed and the exhaust valve is in the position of weak opening.
- the two valves are in the maximum open position;
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of the lower part of the exhaust valve with a floating ring disposed between its internal surface and the hub;
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of the actuation means of the intake valve
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a sectional view of the intake valve, comprising a recess containing a heat transfer fluid
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic view of the conjugate profiles of the intake valve and its seat in a preferred embodiment of the invention
- the engine according to the known state of the art, and described in application EP-A-0 673 470, is a two-stroke diesel engine with loop scanning comprising a cylinder 1 in which a piston 2 slides and which is closed at its upper end by a cylinder head 5.
- the cylinder, the piston and the cylinder head delimi ⁇ a working chamber of variable volume 3 in which occurs, while the piston is in the vicinity of its Top Dead Center combustion as shown in Figure 1.
- Cylinder head 5 has a fixed central hub
- the engine further comprises an intake valve of generally tubular shape 7 and a exhaust valve also of generally tubular shape 8, said valves being concentric along the common axis of revolution 23, the exhaust valve being included inside the intake valve.
- the intake valve 7 has at its lower part a seat 9 cooperating with a seat
- an intake cavity 11 distributes the air to the valve, coming from a conventional air supply device (not shown).
- a conventional air supply device not shown.
- passages can be delimited by two coaxial conical surfaces arranged in the cylinder head, guiding vanes being arranged as close as possible to the outlet in the working chamber.
- the tubular inlet valve 7 has an inner surface of revolution which has in its lower part a preferably conical surface, of axis coincident with the axis 23 of the valve and forming a seat 13 which cooperates with the bearing surface 14 of the valve exhaust pipe 8.
- the tubular inlet valve 7 also has a tubular and cylindrical body 15 which slides in a bore arranged in the cylinder head 5, while the tubular exhaust valve 8 also has a cylindrical tubular body which slides around the fixed central hub 6. Oil passages are provided between the internal cylindrical surface of the body of the exhaust valve 8 and the external cylindrical surface of the fixed central hub 6, so as to allow the cooling and lubrication of the facing parts.
- the two tubular valves being of revolution and of axes combined, due to their difference in diameter, delimit an annular channel 16 by which the exhaust gases are led from the working chamber 3 to the exhaust cavity 17 which communicates with the exhaust system, not shown, of the engine.
- the two valves 7 and 8 are hydraulically actuated, as described in application EP-A-0 673 470 by virtue of the cyclic variations in pressure of a hydraulic liquid enclosed in two cavities 50 or 60 of constant volume but having variable surfaces delimited by a driving piston 51 or 61 cooperating with a camshaft 53 kinematically linked to the main shaft of the engine, and by a receiving piston 52 or 62, secured respectively to the intake valve and to the exhaust valve, and which includes adequate elastic return means.
- the intake and exhaust valves are actuated in opposite directions, the tubular intake valve 7 opening downwards, that is to say in the direction of the piston, and the tubular valve d exhaust opening upwards.
- the range 14 of the exhaust valve cooperating with its seat 13 arranged on the inner surface of the intake valve it is understood that, the movements of the two valves being carried out in opposite directions, the opening of the valve exhaust is increased by lifting the intake valve.
- the intake air enters the passage section of the intake valve delimited between the seat 9 and the seat 10, having been previously rotated in the above passages 12.
- the air thus enters the work in the space delimited by the side wall of the cylinder and the lower part of the valve.
- the air streams entering the working chamber are inclined relative to said axis 23, forming an air sheet along the wall cylindrical towards the piston and rotating around this axis.
- the hot gases which are concentrated in the vicinity of the axis of the chamber 3 and of the combustion chamber 4, escape through the passage section between the seat 13 and the seat 14 of the valve. exhaust.
- the combustion gases are thus largely evacuated and replaced by fresh air.
- the valves are closed, and all of the gases contained in the chamber 3 are then gradually compressed and end up in the maximum compression state in the combustion chamber 4 in which then injects the fuel under pressure, which ignites the fuel and starts a new engine cycle.
- the lower part of the tubular intake valve 7, located downstream (in the direction of flow of air passing through it) from the seat 9 cooperating with the conical seat 10, is extended downward, that is to say towards the piston, by a skirt 21 having a symmetry of revolution and coaxial with said valve , and whose surface area rne, that is to say the most distant from its axis 23, is a surface of revolution whose meridian profile is tangentially connected upstream to the surface of the bearing surface 9 and downstream, preferably ends parallel ⁇ ment at axis 23.
- the conical seat 10 is extended in a regular manner by a surface of revolution 22 around the axis 23 and whose meridian profile is tangent - upstream - with the conical seat, and parallel - downstream - with the axis 23.
- the facing surfaces of revolution 21 and 22 thus delimit an annular passage having a symmetry of revolution and whose increasing section regularly from the minimum passage section Se (while the valve is in the maximum open position) called the valve neck and located to the right of the seat 10 and the seat 9, to the maximum passage section Sd located at the lower part of the skirt 21.
- isentropic diffuser means a channel whose passage section, increasing in the direction of flow, is such that the flow passing through it, having been previously accelerated and relaxed until the valve neck is crossed , undergoes a quasi-isentropic slowing down and recompression [that is to say, in the absence of thermal losses at the wall, with conservation of the total pressure (or stopping pressure) throughout the flow], up to the static pressure level prevailing downstream of said valve.
- the progressive growth of the passage section in the diffuser must not be too low - because then the parietal friction becomes excessive there, causing a fall in the total pressure of the flow - nor too strong - because then the flow takes off from the wall, also causing a drop in total pressure.
- the optimal angle characterizing the progressive growth of the passage section is close to 7 degrees relative to the axis of said cone.
- the flow Q passing through the valve is increased in the ratio S d / S of the maximum flow section ⁇ d at the outlet of the diffuser at the minimum section S c at the neck compared to the flow Q * which would have passed through the same valve without its diffuser .
- This increase in the flow rate is however limited by the fact that by relaxing when the valve neck passes, the flow rate is accelerated, to then be recompressed and decelerated in the diffuser.
- the diffuser is adapted to the neck of the valve if the speed of sound is reached at said neck and if the flow diffuses in a reversible manner, that is to say without separation from the wall, up to the section of exit.
- the diffuser is adapted to the valve in the fully open position (with a flow section increased by 62% compared to the section at the neck if the pressure difference across the valve is 10% of the pressure prevailing upstream of the valve) it will not be the same for the lower valve lift. If for example the valve is lifted halfway, the flow will take off from the wall of the diffuser in the edge of the diffuser whose passage section is equal to half of its outlet section.
- the facing profiles 21 and 2 2 can be organized so that the diffusion is as perfect as possible, even during the lifting of the valve.
- the meridian profiles of these facing surfaces 24 and 25 are drawn in such a way that the annular passage 26 constitutes a divergent channel from the minimum section Se at the neck of the valve up to the maximum value Sd connecting to the exhaust pipe 17 and that this diverging point is an isentropic diffuser in the sense defined above.
- the ratio between the outlet section Sd of this diffuser and the section at the neck Se of the valve in the fully open position is at most equal to the critical ratio calculated for the nominal value of the pressure difference relative to the terminals of the valve.
- the position of the valve neck defined by the minimum geometric passage cross section of the annular channel, can vary, relative to the position of the bearing surface 14 and of the seat 13 of said valve, and this as a function of the degree of opening of the valve.
- FIG. 3 for example, in which the exhaust valve is in the position of low opening, it can be seen that the neck of the valve, with a minimum passage section Se, is located in the immediate vicinity of the seat 14 of the valve and its seat 13. On the contrary in FIG.
- conjugate profiles 21 and 22 for the intake valve and 24 and 25 for the exhaust valve can be made by those skilled in the art either by calculation or by experimentation.
- we will draw these profiles so that the The diverging part following the valve neck constitutes an isentropic diffuser as perfect as possible, in the sense defined above, when the valve concerned is in the fully open position.
- To determine the ideal profile it will be necessary to take into account the fact that the flow has an axial component ("flow velocity") and a tangential component printed thereon when crossing the deflector means 12.
- flow velocity axial component
- tangential component printed thereon when crossing the deflector means 12.
- the inlet valve has a large diameter and naturally centers itself, when closed, on its seat, fitted on the cylinder head.
- the exhaust valve of smaller diameter, is supported on the conical seat 13 arranged on the intake valve, so that it may happen that it is off-center by a significant value relative to the central hub 6 on which it slides. In the case of large bore motors, through the play of manufacturing tolerances and stacking of parts, this eccentricity can reach several tenths of a millimeter.
- a floating ring 28 capable of moving laterally by compared to the hub.
- This floating ring 28 can be housed so as to be able to move laterally with little play in a groove formed between a shoulder 29 of the hub 6 and a counter-shoulder 36 of a part 31 also forming part of the hub 6, the external cylindrical surface of the ring 28 serving as a sliding track for a sliding seal or gasket 32, located in the lower internal part of the exhaust valve 8.
- This track Sliding has, of course, an outer cylindrical surface sufficiently high to allow the sliding of the seal 32 during the entire lifting of the exhaust valve.
- valve control In order to control the movement of the valves, for example the inlet valve 7, any known means of valve control can be used such as for example a mechanical control by camshaft or a synchro ⁇ nized electro-magnetic type control with the rotation of the main shaft of the motor.
- hydraulic control means which consist of a deformable cavity of constant volume, filled with a hydraulic liquid such as for example the lubricating oil of the engine, and comprising a first chamber of variable volume 34, delimited by a cylinder arranged in the cylinder head and in which slides a piston-engine 35 cooperating with a camshaft 36 kinematically linked to the main shaft of the engine , and which communicates, by a passage 37 with a second chamber of variable volume 38 delimited by the bore in which slides the cylindrical external surface of the intake valve 7, which has a shoulder 39 acting as a piston-receiver, so that, when the nose of the cam 36 actuates the piston-engine 35, the oil, considered to be an incompressible liquid, expelled through the passage 37 from the first chamber 34 to the se this chamber 38 causes the piston-receiver 39 to descend, and thereby the opening of the valve 7.
- the return upwards can be effected by a return means, which can be, for example, a spring or, preferably , a pneumatic return means constituted by the compression of the air contained in a cavity 40 one of the faces of which is also delimited by a shoulder 41 acting as a return piston surface, of the valve 7. If the volume formed by the cavities 34, 38 and the passage 37, is too full of oil, for example following an oil leak entering the cavity, or thermal expansion of the oil, the valve will not fall back on its seat. In the event of an oil deficit, for example, by leakage to the outside, the contact between the cam 36 and the roller of the piston 35 will be interrupted, which will cause shocks in the control means.
- a return means which can be, for example, a spring or, preferably , a pneumatic return means constituted by the compression of the air contained in a cavity 40 one of the faces of which is also delimited by a shoulder 41 acting as a return piston surface, of the valve 7.
- the intake valve 7 has a large area exposed to the combustion gases, so it is important to ensure good cooling of the valve.
- the exhaust valve may have an advantage in being strongly cooled.
- it is advantageously possible to produce the valve by fitting inside it an elongated annular cavity which conforms appreciably to the shape of the valve, and descends near the free end 27 of the valve 7 to extend. widely inside the tubular cylindrical part 15 of the valve.
- This cavity is partially filled with a good heat transfer fluid 44, for example sodium which is in the liquid state when the valve has reached its operating temperature.
- a good heat transfer fluid 44 for example sodium which is in the liquid state when the valve has reached its operating temperature.
- the large surface licked by the fresh air during sweeping allows heat transfer from the internal surface of the intake valve during combustion to the external surface of said valve during compression. This transfer can be done either by conduction or by convection in the heat-carrying fluid.
- a similar cavity may be provided in the exhaust valve in order to transport the calories from the lower end of the valve to water or oil cooling means of the valve.
- FIG. 8 In a tubular inlet valve, such as for example the valve 7, associated with the tubular exhaust valve 8 and of which it carries the seat 13, the forces due to the pressure of the gases , and in particular when the piston is in the vicinity of its top dead center, are exerted on the interior face of the intake valve with regard, mainly, to chamber 4. It is understood that the valve part situated above its support on the seat 10 will be subjected to tensile stresses, while the free end of the valve located below this support will be subjected to compression stresses. The result of these forces is exerted on the valve 7 between its two supports against the fixed seat 10 and the movable bearing surface 14 of the exhaust valve 8.
- valve located at its seat 9 and the surface of the cylinder head located at the seat 10 a rounded profile, and this the valve is a tubular valve of the type defined in the present invention, that is to say the surfaces downstream of the seat form a quasi-isentropic diffuser, or else it is a conventional tubular valve.
- tubular admission valve according to the invention which comprises a quasi-isentropic diffuser downstream from its seat
- the fact that the latter is hollow and has an S-profile on either side of its bearing surface 9 is particularly suitable for obtaining this characteristic of the rolling without sliding of the circular contact line of the bearing surface 9 on the seat 10, line which will migrate upwards (that is to say in the direction of the cylinder head) in a plane perpen ⁇ dicular to the axis of said valve, due to the cyclic deformation of the valve under the effect of gas pressures in the combustion chamber.
- the combined profiles of the bearing surface 9 and of the seat 10 of the valve may be determined either experimentally by seeking to minimize friction and therefore 1 • wear of the parts in contact, or by calculation, involving the change in thickness and the shape of the valve (and therefore its inertia) as a function of the axial position of the cutting plane and the rigidity of the material from which it is made.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/125,207 US6196171B1 (en) | 1996-02-28 | 1997-02-27 | Loop-scavenged two-stroke internal combustion engines |
EP97907144A EP0883735A1 (fr) | 1996-02-28 | 1997-02-27 | Perfectionnement aux moteurs a combustion interne a deux temps a balayage en boucle |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9602502A FR2745328B1 (fr) | 1996-02-28 | 1996-02-28 | Perfectionnement aux moteurs a combustion interne a deux temps a balayage en boucle |
FR96/02502 | 1996-02-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997032115A1 true WO1997032115A1 (fr) | 1997-09-04 |
Family
ID=9489677
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1997/000354 WO1997032115A1 (fr) | 1996-02-28 | 1997-02-27 | Perfectionnement aux moteurs a combustion interne a deux temps a balayage en boucle |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6196171B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0883735A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2745328B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997032115A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070199299A1 (en) * | 2005-08-29 | 2007-08-30 | Kashmerick Gerald E | Combustion Engine |
US7765785B2 (en) * | 2005-08-29 | 2010-08-03 | Kashmerick Gerald E | Combustion engine |
CZ303732B6 (cs) * | 2011-05-03 | 2013-04-10 | Knob Engines S.R.O. | Hlava válce spalovacího motoru s prstencovým ventilem |
DE102014009349B4 (de) | 2014-06-29 | 2016-01-28 | Dirk Ohlmann | Verbrennungsmotor |
KR20200024613A (ko) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-03-09 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 엔진의 연소실 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR840570A (fr) * | 1937-07-11 | 1939-04-27 | Moteur à combustion interne à quatre temps et à allumage par compression | |
WO1990008883A1 (fr) * | 1989-02-02 | 1990-08-09 | Koenig Helmut | Moteur a combustion interne |
WO1995008052A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-13 | 1995-03-23 | S.N.C. Melchior Technologie | Perfectionnement aux moteurs a combustion interne |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2484923A (en) * | 1946-11-18 | 1949-10-18 | Nordberg Manufacturing Co | Scavenging two-cycle internal combustion engine |
US4815422A (en) * | 1974-12-24 | 1989-03-28 | Josef Schaich | Four stroke piston engine |
US4649872A (en) * | 1981-07-20 | 1987-03-17 | Solheim Russell G | Stratified combustion engine |
US5063886A (en) * | 1989-09-18 | 1991-11-12 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Two-stroke engine |
US5782215A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1998-07-21 | Engelmann; Mark M. | Intake/exhaust valve |
-
1996
- 1996-02-28 FR FR9602502A patent/FR2745328B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-02-27 EP EP97907144A patent/EP0883735A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-02-27 US US09/125,207 patent/US6196171B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-27 WO PCT/FR1997/000354 patent/WO1997032115A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR840570A (fr) * | 1937-07-11 | 1939-04-27 | Moteur à combustion interne à quatre temps et à allumage par compression | |
WO1990008883A1 (fr) * | 1989-02-02 | 1990-08-09 | Koenig Helmut | Moteur a combustion interne |
WO1995008052A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-13 | 1995-03-23 | S.N.C. Melchior Technologie | Perfectionnement aux moteurs a combustion interne |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2745328A1 (fr) | 1997-08-29 |
EP0883735A1 (fr) | 1998-12-16 |
US6196171B1 (en) | 2001-03-06 |
FR2745328B1 (fr) | 1998-06-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0100713B1 (fr) | Organe d'étanchéité pour un dispositif de contrôle d'un circuit de gaz d'une chambre de combustion | |
FR3032236B1 (fr) | Moteur thermique a transfert-detente et regeneration | |
FR2458677A1 (fr) | Dispositif compensateur de jeu pour bandage de rotor | |
EP0252935B1 (fr) | Moteur a combustion interne a deux temps | |
EP0673470B1 (fr) | Perfectionnement aux moteurs a combustion interne | |
EP0031770B1 (fr) | Perfectionnements apportés aux moteurs à combustion interne suralimentés, notamment aux moteurs Diesel | |
WO1997032115A1 (fr) | Perfectionnement aux moteurs a combustion interne a deux temps a balayage en boucle | |
EP0577451B1 (fr) | Dispositif de contrÔle de l'injection pneumatique d'un mélange carburé dans un moteur à combustion interne à deux temps et utilisation associée | |
FR2717857A1 (fr) | Moteur à combustion interne, à obturateurs de distribution rotatifs. | |
WO1995012067A1 (fr) | Dispositif d'injection de combustible liquide pour moteur diesel, et moteur diesel comprenant ce dispositif | |
EP0024994A1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif pour améliorer le rendement d'un moteur à combustion interne par variation sélective du taux de compression selon le régime d'un moteur | |
EP0250960B1 (fr) | Moteur à combustion interne | |
FR2780093A3 (fr) | Mecanisme de predistribution pour soupape dans un ensemble : culasse-moteur/piston | |
FR2512882A1 (fr) | Machine thermodynamique a cycle adiabatique formant moteur ou compresseur, notamment pour pompe a chaleur | |
FR2671137A1 (fr) | Moteur a deux temps a balayage retarde du cylindre. | |
WO2008107547A1 (fr) | Moteur rotatif a losange deformable | |
EP2185845A1 (fr) | Systeme a soupape a faible energie pour moteur a gaz sous pression | |
EP0323301A1 (fr) | Dispositif de distribution pour moteur et compresseur volumétriques | |
FR2531139A1 (fr) | Dispositif de controle d'un circuit de gaz d'une chambre de combustion | |
FR2467288A1 (fr) | Moteur a deux temps a distribution mixte | |
EP2730758A1 (fr) | Piston à soupape intégrée | |
FR3115066A1 (fr) | Moteur à combustion interne et procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne | |
FR2566459A1 (fr) | Procede d'amelioration du fonctionnement d'un moteur a combustion interne et moteur a combustion interne a fonctionnement ameliore et structure simplifiee | |
FR2757568A1 (fr) | Moteur thermique 3 temps a 4 ou 6 cylindres opposes 2 a 2 avec un vilebrequin contrarotatif excentre et une distribution automatique | |
BE404515A (fr) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CN JP KR US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1997907144 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP Ref document number: 97530674 Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1997907144 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09125207 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1997907144 Country of ref document: EP |