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WO1997028363A1 - Perfectionnement apporte a des dispositifs a pistons libres - Google Patents

Perfectionnement apporte a des dispositifs a pistons libres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997028363A1
WO1997028363A1 PCT/NO1997/000023 NO9700023W WO9728363A1 WO 1997028363 A1 WO1997028363 A1 WO 1997028363A1 NO 9700023 W NO9700023 W NO 9700023W WO 9728363 A1 WO9728363 A1 WO 9728363A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston
compressor
cylinder
chamber
section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO1997/000023
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Magnar Jarle FØRDE
Rolf Kvamsdal
Original Assignee
Kvaerner Asa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kvaerner Asa filed Critical Kvaerner Asa
Priority to EP97902766A priority Critical patent/EP0877858A1/fr
Priority to JP9527517A priority patent/JP2000504084A/ja
Publication of WO1997028363A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997028363A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
    • F02B71/06—Free-piston combustion gas generators per se
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/04—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the invention concerns an improvement in free-piston devices with
  • a cylinder device with at least one cylinder section
  • a piston which is provided in the cylinder section, a combustion chamber and a return chamber which are defined by the cylinder section and the piston, the piston being capable of being moved in its longitudinal direction alternately towards the combustion chamber for compression of a gas therein or in the opposite direction for compression of air in the return chamber, and
  • a pump or compressor device for the supply of air to the combustion chamber.
  • Such free-piston devices may be of the diesel type and be employed, e.g., as gas generators.
  • gas generators during its movement the piston uncovers exhaust gas ports in the cylinder for discharging the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber. This uncovering of the exhaust gas ports which is only dependent on the piston's position, restricts the possibility of changing the compression by controlling the beginning of the compression in the combustion chamber and thereby a part load regulation of the gas generator. In practice this means that during operation the gas generator has to be run the whole time with almost nominal output.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an exhaust gas device of the above ⁇ mentioned type which improves the possibility of regulating the gas generator as mentioned above.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section through a free-piston gas generator with two cylinder sections with respective pistons and with coincident longitudinal axes together with a common combustion chamber for the cylinder sections situated in neighbouring areas of the cylinder sections, this section resembling the section which is illustrated in the single figure for the simultaneous application.
  • Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through a gas generator with a piston.
  • Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through a gas generator with two cylinder sections and pistons, comprising in principle two gas generators of the type which resembles that which is illustrated in fig. 2, these extending with coincident longitudinal axes and their return or buffer chambers being placed against each other.
  • Fig. 4 is a longitudinal view through a gas generator with a cylinder section and a piston, with a combined buffer or return chamber and compressor device.
  • Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section through four jointly operating gas generators of the type which is illustrated in fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section through a gas generator with a single piston and a cylinder device with a cylinder which has a combustion chamber at each end.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross section through the section in the vicinity of a combustion chamber of a cylinder device for a gas generator, sections of the device being cut away.
  • a cylindrical, axially extending dowel 7 is mounted on the enlarged section 5 of the piston 2.
  • the cross section of the dowel 7 is adapted to the cross section of an axially extending hole 8, which is provided in the compressor housing wall, and through which the air in the ventilation chamber 9 communicates with the ambient air.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the arrangement of the compressor's valves which supply compressed air to the cylinder's inlet ports when the piston is moved away from the combustion chamber.
  • the former valve arrangement is advantageous, since there is no need for any pressure chamber between the compressor chamber 6 and the inlet ports, and thus no hysteresis loss occurs in connection with a related accumulation of pressure energy.
  • This device further permits variation of the compression ratio without such a variation influencing the inlet air compression.
  • One drawback, however, is that small tolerances are required for the pistons at the outer dead centre position, i.e. at the dead centre position at which the piston is located when it is remote from the combustion chamber. In order to counteract this, it can be advantageous for the return or buffer chamber volume to be adjustable.
  • the cylinder end wall at the buffer chamber in the form of a screw (not shown) which is screwed axially into the cylinder end section.
  • a motor which can rotate this cylinder end wall, thereby screwing it into or out of the cylinder, the buffer chamber volume can easily be varied.
  • the motor can be controlled, e.g. by the computer which is described in the applicant's above-mentioned simultaneous application.
  • the air from the compressor is passed to a compressed air container 1 1 from which air may be drawn, passed, e.g., to a gas turbine via a valve 12 and mixed with the exhaust gas from the gas generator.
  • the filling of the combustion chamber during the suction phase can thereby be controlled.
  • control can also be provided, e.g., by controlling the suction valves (not shown) in the cylinder.
  • each cylinder section thereby obtains its own combustion chamber which is located at the extreme end of the cylinder section, thus enabling the cylinder sections to be of the same design as the cylinders for standard diesel motors.
  • the cooling of the cylinders at the combustion chambers can thereby be improved.
  • each piston In order for the gas generator to function properly, each piston must have a separate buffer chamber. For this reason a central partition 15 is provided, thus creating two separate buffer chambers 16,17.
  • a gas generator is illustrated with a piston where the compressor chamber also acts as a return or buffer chamber for returning the piston towards the combustion chamber after it has reached the external dead centre position.
  • regulation such as by means of the aforementioned computer and as mentioned in connection with fig. 3 must be implemented in order to ensure that the energy of the air in the compressor chamber is always sufficiently great to return the piston, thus enabling the stroke for compression of the gas in the combustion chamber (the compression stroke) to be performed.
  • a generator of this kind can be provided together with and operate jointly with corresponding gas generators, the movement of the pistons being phase shifted.
  • FIG. 4 As illustrated in fig. 4 four gas generators of the type which is illustrated in fig. 3 are arranged in a row on a common frame (not shown).
  • the pistons of the two outer gas generators 21,22 can be operated in the same phase. These pistons are phase shifted by 180° in relation to the pistons of the two inner gas generators.
  • a pipe 27 extends to a shut-off valve 28 which in turn is connected via a pipe 29 to a manifold 30 which connects pipes similar to pipe 29 to one another.
  • Exhaust gas is passed from the exhaust gas port to the pipe 29 via a pipe 31.
  • the exhaust gas is passed from the manifold 30 to a chamber 35 where the pressure fluctuations in the exhaust gas are moderated to some extent. It is passed from there to a gas turbine 32 which is arranged to drive a turbocompressor 33.
  • the turbocompressor 33 draws in ambient air, compresses it and passes it to the inlet valve of each gas generator's compressor via an intermediate cooler 34 and an air manifold 36.
  • channels can extend in the respective cylinders.
  • a gas generator with a single piston 51 which has a central, enlarged section which forms a compressor piston section 52. On each side thereof, the piston 51 has a working piston section 53 and 54.
  • the piston 51 is provided in a cylinder device 55 comprising a central, enlarged compressor cylinder section 56. On each side thereof, the cylinder device has a working cylinder section 57 and 58 with smaller diameter.
  • the piston sections 52,53,54 are arranged to be moved together axially forwards or backwards in the respective cylinder sections 56,57,58.
  • the compressor piston section 52 defines two compressor chambers 61,62.
  • Each compressor chamber has an inlet valve and an outlet valve 63,64 and 65,66.
  • the ends of the working piston sections define combustion chambers 71 ,72.
  • valves 81 ,82,83,84 which can be operated by related activators
  • the outlet valve 65 for the right compressor chamber 62 is connected via pipes to the inlet port 75 for the left working cylinder section 57 and in addition connected via a shut-off valve 91 to the inlet of a gas turbine 95 which is fed via pipes with exhaust gas from both working cylinders.
  • outlet valve 64 for the left compressor chamber 61 is connected via pipes to the inlet port 76 for the right working cylinder section 58 and in addition connected via a shut-off valve 92 to the inlet of the gas turbine 95.
  • the gas turbine 95 is arranged to drive a turbocompressor 96 and, e.g., an electrical generator 97.
  • the turbocompressor draws in ambient air and passes this in a compressed state to the compressor chambers' inlet valves 63,66 via an intermediate cooler 98.
  • the exhaust gas valves' activators 85-88 can be operated by a computer as mentioned above.
  • the advantage of an exhaust gas generator according to fig. 6 is that the combustion chambers are placed at the extreme ends of the cylinder device, thus providing easy access to the adjacent cylinder sections which become very hot during running, and enabling them to thereby receive a good cooling.
  • the heavily loaded exhaust gas ports can be replaced by known per se valve devices which can be satisfactorily cooled in the known manner.
  • the shut-off valves 91,92 can be opened for the supply of cold air to the exhaust gases from the gas generator in order thereby to reduce the temperature of the gas which is supplied to the turbine 95.
  • this gas generator only has one cylinder, four gas generators, e.g., may advantageously be placed on a common frame in order to obtain an approximately dynamically balanced device as mentioned above in connection with the device which is illustrated in fig. 5.
  • the left piston 101 is illustrated at the inner dead centre position, i.e. in the position at which it is located when it has been inserted furthest into the combustion chamber 104, and the right piston 102 is illustrated at the outer dead centre position. It will be understood, however, that during operation the pistons are substantially located simultaneously at the inner or the outer dead centre position.
  • each piston Near the end which faces the combustion chamber there is mounted on each piston a pair of sealing rings 1 1 1 , 1 12, 1 13,1 14, where the sealing rings in each pair, 1 1 1 , 1 12 and 1 13, 1 14 respectively are provided with a spacing which enables them to provide a seal on each side of the exhaust gas ports or the inlet air ports, considered in the axial direction when the pistons are brought into a suitable position.
  • Each piston thus constitutes a shut-off valve, which is important for the regulation of output, since gas generators usually have at least two cylinders whose piston pairs can be started and stopped in turn.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un perfectionnement apporté à un générateur diesel de gaz à pistons libres constitué, par exemple, d'un cylindre dans lequel se trouvent deux pistons qui se rapprochent et s'éloignent l'un par rapport à l'autre de façon synchrone. Le cylindre et les pistons définissent, à chacune des extrémités du cylindre, une chambre de combustion qui est reliée à un tube afin de fournir à l'utilisateur qui le consomme un gaz d'échappement à haute énergie. Selon l'invention, le dispositif comporte au moins une soupape de gaz d'échappement montée dans un orifice de gaz d'échappement ménagé dans la partie cylindre, lequel orifice est en communication constante avec la chambre de combustion. La soupape de gaz d'échappement est mise en ÷uvre par un actionneur commandé par exemple par un ordinateur qui, grâce à des capteurs, est capable de définir très rapidement les valeurs des paramètres de fonctionnement du générateur de gaz.
PCT/NO1997/000023 1996-01-30 1997-01-29 Perfectionnement apporte a des dispositifs a pistons libres WO1997028363A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97902766A EP0877858A1 (fr) 1996-01-30 1997-01-29 Perfectionnement apporte a des dispositifs a pistons libres
JP9527517A JP2000504084A (ja) 1996-01-30 1997-01-29 自由ピストン装置の改良

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO960402A NO305451B1 (no) 1996-01-30 1996-01-30 Anordning til hindring av kollisjon mellom et stempel og en sylinder av en fristempelinnretning
NO960402 1996-01-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997028363A1 true WO1997028363A1 (fr) 1997-08-07

Family

ID=19898987

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO1997/000023 WO1997028363A1 (fr) 1996-01-30 1997-01-29 Perfectionnement apporte a des dispositifs a pistons libres

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0877858A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2000504084A (fr)
NO (1) NO305451B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997028363A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6925971B1 (en) * 2004-05-20 2005-08-09 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Exhaust gas recirculation for a free piston engine
WO2007059565A1 (fr) * 2005-11-22 2007-05-31 Peter Charles Cheeseman Moteur a pistons libres a quatre temps
DE202006018098U1 (de) * 2006-11-27 2008-04-10 Jung, Nadine Energiewandlersystem

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103967604A (zh) * 2013-01-28 2014-08-06 安徽中鼎动力有限公司 一种自由活塞式发动机

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4369021A (en) * 1980-05-16 1983-01-18 Heintz Richard P Free-piston engine pump
US4653274A (en) * 1984-03-06 1987-03-31 David Constant V Method of controlling a free piston external combustion engine
GB2214569A (en) * 1988-01-21 1989-09-06 Barry John Rymer Free-piston I.C engine
US4876991A (en) * 1988-12-08 1989-10-31 Galitello Jr Kenneth A Two stroke cycle engine
US5363651A (en) * 1993-07-12 1994-11-15 Knight Arthur G Free piston internal combustion engine

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE536930C (de) * 1928-04-23 1931-10-28 Robert Lee Gray Brennkraftmaschine mit durch Verstellung eines Kolbens regelbarer Verdichtung
CH498290A (de) * 1969-03-06 1970-10-31 Braun Anton Freikolbenmotor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4369021A (en) * 1980-05-16 1983-01-18 Heintz Richard P Free-piston engine pump
US4653274A (en) * 1984-03-06 1987-03-31 David Constant V Method of controlling a free piston external combustion engine
GB2214569A (en) * 1988-01-21 1989-09-06 Barry John Rymer Free-piston I.C engine
US4876991A (en) * 1988-12-08 1989-10-31 Galitello Jr Kenneth A Two stroke cycle engine
US5363651A (en) * 1993-07-12 1994-11-15 Knight Arthur G Free piston internal combustion engine

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6925971B1 (en) * 2004-05-20 2005-08-09 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Exhaust gas recirculation for a free piston engine
WO2007059565A1 (fr) * 2005-11-22 2007-05-31 Peter Charles Cheeseman Moteur a pistons libres a quatre temps
DE202006018098U1 (de) * 2006-11-27 2008-04-10 Jung, Nadine Energiewandlersystem
WO2008065078A2 (fr) * 2006-11-27 2008-06-05 Jung, Nadine Système de conversion d'énergie
WO2008065078A3 (fr) * 2006-11-27 2008-07-17 Jung Nadine Système de conversion d'énergie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO305451B1 (no) 1999-05-31
EP0947680A3 (fr) 1999-10-27
EP0877858A1 (fr) 1998-11-18
NO960402D0 (no) 1996-01-30
EP0947680A2 (fr) 1999-10-06
NO960402L (no) 1997-08-25
JP2000504084A (ja) 2000-04-04

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