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WO1997018433A1 - Ensemble hologramme detachable et element de reglage en derive/elevation pour un viseur holographique compact - Google Patents

Ensemble hologramme detachable et element de reglage en derive/elevation pour un viseur holographique compact Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997018433A1
WO1997018433A1 PCT/US1996/018329 US9618329W WO9718433A1 WO 1997018433 A1 WO1997018433 A1 WO 1997018433A1 US 9618329 W US9618329 W US 9618329W WO 9718433 A1 WO9718433 A1 WO 9718433A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
adjuster
mount
hologram
base portion
shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/018329
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eric James Sieczka
Anthony Mong-On Tai
Allen Corlies Ward
Original Assignee
Environmental Research Institute Of Michigan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Environmental Research Institute Of Michigan filed Critical Environmental Research Institute Of Michigan
Priority to AU10764/97A priority Critical patent/AU1076497A/en
Publication of WO1997018433A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997018433A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G1/00—Sighting devices
    • F41G1/30—Reflecting-sights specially adapted for smallarms or ordnance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2227/00—Mechanical components or mechanical aspects not otherwise provided for
    • G03H2227/05—Support holding the holographic record
    • G03H2227/06—Support including light source

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a detachable holo ⁇ gram assembly and a windage and elevation adjustment mechanism which may be utilized on compact holographic sights .
  • sights utilized with small arms, such as rifles, shotguns, hand guns, bows, and other similar, hand-held weapons.
  • the iron sight consisting of a small notch on the near end of the weapon and a bar on the far end of the weapon.
  • the notch, the bar, and the target must all be aligned.
  • the shooter must shift his/her focus between the sight and the target, which is difficult, particularly when the shooter or the target is moving.
  • the notch and bar also partially block the targets seen. And, under low ambient light conditions, these sights are difficult to use due to the reduced depth of focus of the eye .
  • Another common sight is the telescopic sight.
  • telescopic sights are not suitable for use with moving targets or when the shooter is moving, because of the small field of view and exit aperture of the sight.
  • Another commonly used sight is the reflex type.
  • This sight utilizes an illuminated reticle and a lens that collimates every point of the reticle to project the reticle pattern to the target plane.
  • a partially reflecting mirror or beam combiner is located downstream of the collimating lens to superimpose the reticle pattern over the real world scene.
  • the exit aperture is the same size as the collimating lens, but is recessed further from the viewer. The eye position from which the reticle can be seen is thus restricted by the lens diameter and the recessed exit aperture.
  • these sights are bulky and heavy unless they utilize smaller, simpler collimating lens, in which case the eye position from which the reticle can be seen without parallax is further restricted.
  • the simple lens designs also tend to produce poor off-axis performance, which limits the size of the reticle that can be used.
  • a second type of reflex sight utilizes a tilted, off-axis spherical or parabolic reflector to collimate a point source from a light-emitting diode (LED) .
  • the reflector is spectrally coated to reflect only the red light of the LED and transmit the other wavelengths.
  • This type of sight commonly referred to as a "red dot sight” can only project a single dot due to the off-axis aberration of spherical or parabolic reflectors .
  • Laser designator sights are also utilized with small arms.
  • a laser beam usually from a laser diode, illuminates the target scene.
  • the user positions the laser beam on the target to aim the weapon.
  • This sight is undesirable in many applications since the laser emission could act as a targeting beacon for an adver ⁇ sary.
  • the laser designator sight is also ineffective under many conditions. While laser radiation can maintain a small spot size over a long propagation distance, the brightness of the image of the spot scattered by the target surface reduces with range by a factor of 1/R 2 , where R is the target range. Thus, the laser light spot can be difficult to find under strong ambient light or at longer ranges.
  • the laser designator sight is ineffective in an application having a background, such as the sky, where there is no surface from which the laser beam would be scattered. Moreover, if there is more than one shooter using a laser designa- tor sight, the multiple dots at the target plane can be confusing. Finally, laser designator sights are illegal for hunting in many states because they illuminate the target .
  • a number of compact hologram displays have been developed, including the edge illuminated holograms disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,643,515 and 5,151,800, both also issued to Upatnieks . These hologram displays have a compact monolithic structure. They also utilize a diffraction or reflection grating to minimize the effects of the wavelength drift of the laser diode light beam. These edge illuminated, monolithic holographic displays are, however, relatively expensive, and until now have not been incorporated into sights . It is, therefore, desirable to provide a compact, inexpensive holographic gun sight which may be effectively used with small arms.
  • the hologram must be accurately registered on the sight to maintain the proper orientation of the hologram relative to the illuminating beam.
  • the hologram must remain installed securely in position despite the recoil forces encountered as a result of repeated firing of the weapon.
  • the detachable hologram assembly of the present invention includes a hologram of a reticle image or other desired alignment indicia mounted within a resil ⁇ ient, detachable frame.
  • the frame includes a pair of generally planar, non-parallel registration surfaces and an aperture extending through the frame at the junction of the registration surfaces.
  • a hologram mount, also including a pair of registration surfaces which are complimentary to those of the frame to accommodate the detachable hologram assembly is affixed to, or integral with, the sight.
  • a fastener secures the hologram assembly to the mount with a force sufficient to ain- tain the registration surfaces of the frame in fric ⁇ tional fit, respectively, with the corresponding regis ⁇ tration surfaces of the mount.
  • the angle of one regis ⁇ tration surface relative to the other registration surface of the hologram frame is slightly less than the angle between the registration surfaces of the hologram mount, thereby ensuring that when the fastener is tightened to supply sufficient force to deflect the registration surfaces of the frame into engagement with the registration surfaces of the mount, there is a spring force at the deflected ends of the registration surfaces of the frame, urging the surfaces into secure, registered contact with the respective registration surfaces of the hologram mount .
  • the frame is generally L-shaped in cross section, and the registra ⁇ tion surfaces for the frame include a generally vertical registration surface and a generally horizontal regis ⁇ tration surface.
  • the hologram mount also includes a generally vertical registration surface and a generally horizontal registration surface to accommodate the registration surfaces of the frame.
  • a screw secures the frame to the mount through a threaded aperture located at the junction of the generally vertical and generally horizontal registration surfaces. The screw is preferably oriented at about a 45" angle, thereby bisecting the angle between the registration surfaces and exerting approximately equal retaining forces on each of the vertical and horizontal registra ⁇ tion surfaces.
  • the hologram mount may also include an adjust ⁇ ment mechanism comprising a base portion, an adjuster arm having one end pivotally mounted on one end of the base portion and the other end adjustably mounted to the other end base portion, and a spring or other biasing mechanism mounted between the ends of the adjuster arm to provide sufficient spring force between the adjuster arm and the base portion to ensure stability, once adjusted, despite repeated firing of the weapon.
  • An adjuster shaft is slidably mounted on the base portion to extend into engagement with a threaded aperture in the adjuster arm.
  • a worm gear is mounted within the adjuster arm and includes the threaded aperture for receiving the threaded portion of the adjuster shaft.
  • a control knob is mounted on one end of an adjuster screw, which includes a worm thread on the other end which is mounted orthogonally for engagement with the worm gear, such that a relatively large rotation of the adjustment knob effects a very small rotation of the worm gear and, concomitantly, a very fine adjustment in the position of the adjuster arm relative to the base portion of the mount.
  • the adjuster shaft preferably includes a generally spherical or cylindrical bearing surface at the end of the shaft which engages the base portion of the mount, and the base portion of the mount likewise preferably includes a generally spherical or cylindrical mating surface for engaging the bearing surface of the shaft, so that as the shaft is threadably positioned on the worm gear, changing the angle of the shaft relative to the base portion, an even distribution of the spring and/or recoil forces over the mating bearing surfaces of the shaft and the base portion is maintained.
  • FIGURE 1 is a plan perspective view of a holographic sight including the detachable hologram assembly and windage/elevation adjuster of the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a top cross-sectional VL ⁇ W of the sight of Figure 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the sight of Figure 1;
  • FIGURE 4 is a plan perspective schematic view of the detachable hologram assembly of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 5 is a side schematic view of the frame, mount and fastener of the detachable hologram assembly
  • FIGURE 6 is a side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the detachable hologram assembly of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 7 is a schematic view of one embodi ⁇ ment of the adjustment mechanism
  • FIGURE 8 is a schematic of the worm gear adjuster employed in the embodiment of Figure 6;
  • FIGURE 9 is a partial side cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the elevation adjustment mechanism of Figure 6 ;
  • FIGURE 10 is a schematic view of the windage adjustment mechanism employed m the embodiment of Figure 9; and FIGURE 11 is a partial rear cross-sectional view of the embodiment of Figure 6.
  • the detachable hologram assembly constructed in accordance with the present invention is generally indicated by 10.
  • the present invention may be utilized with any compact holographic sight 12, which may be mounted upon any hand held arm such as a pistol 14.
  • the detachable hologram assembly 10 includes a resilient frame 16 in which a hologram of a reticle image or other desired alignment indicia is securely mounted.
  • the frame 16 is releasably mounted on a hologram mount 18 which includes complimen ⁇ tary registration surfaces which provide frictional contact with the frame 16 to provide quick accurate registration of the frame on the mount 18.
  • the present invention 10 may be used with a compact holographic gun sight of the type shown schematically in Figures 2 and 3.
  • This holographic sight includes a laser diode 20 which provides an illuminating beam, a prism assembly 22 including a prism 24, a diffraction grating with inte ⁇ gral off-axis hologram 26 and a glass cover plate 28 to collimate and circularize the laser beam, for proper illumination of a hologram 30. Additional details of the design of the gun sight are disclosed in U.S. patent application Serial No. 08/245,220, which is commonly assigned to the assignee of this patent application, and which is incorporated by reference herein.
  • detachable hologram assembly of the present invention may be utilized with holographic gun sights incorporating other optical arrangements, includ ⁇ ing alternate embodiments disclosed in the above-de ⁇ scribed application Serial No. 08/245,220, or as other ⁇ wise might be available to those skilled in the art of such designs, without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 schematically illustrate the detachable hologram assembly 10 of the present inven ⁇ tion.
  • the hologram frame 16 is preferably constructed of a resilient material, such as aluminum, although other resilient materials such as plastic, may be employed for this purpose.
  • the hologram 30 of a reticle image or other alignment indicia is fixedly mounted in the frame 16.
  • the frame includes a generally vertical registration surface 32 and a gener ⁇ ally horizontal registration surface 34.
  • the mount 18 is secured to, or integral with, the remaining portion of the holographic gun sight 12.
  • the mount 18 includes a generally vertical registration surface 36 and a generally horizontal registration surface 38 which contact the corresponding registration surfaces 32 and 34, respectively, of the frame 16 when the frame is secured to the mount with a screw 40 or other fastener which can be quickly released and re-secured to another frame having a hologram with an alternate reticle pattern.
  • a hologram is insensitive to translational variations (i.e., only rotational registration is required)
  • any orientation of the registration surfaces which establishes the correct angular orientation of the hologram i.e., which estab ⁇ lishes the appropriate a , ⁇ , and ⁇ , as shown in Figure 4
  • any orientation of the registration surfaces which establishes the correct angular orientation of the hologram i.e., which estab ⁇ lishes the appropriate a , ⁇ , and ⁇ , as shown in Figure 4
  • any pair of registration surfaces which define non-parallel planes may be utilized to effect the desired registration.
  • the angle, y l t of the generally vertical registration surface 32 relative to the generally horizontal registration surface 34 is preferably slightly less than the angle, ⁇ 2 , of the generally vertical registration surface 36 relative to the gener ⁇ ally horizontal registration surface 38 of the mount 18.
  • ⁇ x is preferably about 90
  • ⁇ 2 is about 90.25 * .
  • the difference between y ⁇ and ⁇ 2 may be varied, depending upon the material utilized for the frame, as well as the angular orientation of the registration surfaces and the desired deflection.
  • the registration surfaces of the frame shown in Figure 6 define an angle of less than 180
  • the complimentary registration surfaces of the mount define an angle greater than 180
  • alternative designs may be employed in which the registration surfaces on the frame define an angle of greater than 180° and the complimentary registration surfaces on the mount define an angle of less than 180°.
  • the angle, 1 , of the registration surfaces on the frame would preferably be slightly greater than the angle, ⁇ 2 , of the registration surfaces on the mount, to achieve the desired deflection of the frame upon attach ⁇ ment .
  • frame 16 may be quickly removed from the mount 18 by releasing a single screw 40 a d another hologram may be quickly installed with accurate re- registration.
  • these simple, generally orthogonal registra ⁇ tion surfaces ensure the proper planar orientation (angle ⁇ ) in the viewing axis, as well as the angles ( , ⁇ ) orthogonal to the viewing axis.
  • the screw 40 is positioned to engage the frame 16 in a threaded aperture which extends through the intersection of the registration surfaces 32, 34, 36, 38 on the frame 16 and mount 18.
  • the screw 40 is mounted at an angle ⁇ from horizontal that provides the appro ⁇ priately desired components of the retainincf force on each of the registration surfaces of the frame 16.
  • ⁇ is about 45°, which roughly equally distributes the retaining force of the screw to each of the orthogonal registration surfaces 32, 34.
  • the frame 16 is aluminum.
  • a hologram tray 46 preferably fabricated of molded plastic, is cemented into place within the frame 16 to provide a secure receptacle for the hologram 30.
  • the hologram 30 is preferably mounted between two glass cover plates 50, 52 (each of which are preferably provided with an anti ⁇ reflection coating) .
  • the hologram 30 and cover plates 50 and 52 are positioned in tray 46, secured with a suitable adhesive, such as an epoxy cement, and clamped into position with a second molded plastic tray 48 which, in turn, is also cemented into position inside the frame 16.
  • the trays 46, 48 are preferably designed with mounting surfaces which tilt the hologram 30 at the appropriate angle to maximize wavelength compensation as required by the optics and geometry of the particular gun sight in which the hologram assembly 10 is employed.
  • the present invention may also include one or more adjusters in the mount 18 for quickly and precisely varying the windage and elevation of the hologram.
  • One adjuster 60 shown schematically in Figure 7, includes a base 62 which is secured to or integral with the gun sight, an adjuster arm 64 which is pivotally mounted at one end to the base 62 by virtue of a pivot pin 66 or other known method of pivotally securing one member to another.
  • the adjuster arm 64 is positionably mounted, via adjuster shaft 68, which in turn is retained in place in the base 62.
  • a spring 70 or other biasing mechanism is mounted between the adjuster arm 64 and the base 62 to maintain a constant spring force which stabilizes the adjuster arm 64 in a selected position relative to the base 62.
  • the biasing mechanism comprises a plurality of Belleville washers which are mounted on a positioning shaft 78 within suitably shaped recesses in the adjustment arm 64 and the base 62.
  • the adjuster shaft 68 preferably includes a bearing surface 72 that is shaped as a portion of a sphere.
  • the base 62 also preferably includes a bearing surface 74 which is shaped as a mating spherical surface 74. It will be appreciated that the bearing surfaces of the adjuster shaft 68 and the base 62 may be shaped as a portion of a cylinder which similarly allows for uniform distribution of forces exerted between the adjuster shaft 68 and the base 62 as the adjustment angle, ⁇ , is changed.
  • the mated, partially spherical or cylindrical bearing surfaces on the adjuster shaft 68 and the base 62 of the mount 18 equally distribute the spring force, as well as any recoil forces, over a constant area regardless of the adjustment angle, ⁇ , of the adjuster arm 64 and the adjustment shaft 63.
  • the adjuster shaft is threaded, and threadably engages a mating receptacle in the adjustment arm 64 to allow for adjustment of the elevation of the hologram by rotation of the adjusting shaft 68.
  • the adjustment mechanism of this embodiment therefore, provides for very precise elevational positioning of the hologram by virtue of the reduction ratio provided by a worm gear 80 which is mounted within a suitable recepta ⁇ cle in the adjuster arm 64.
  • An adjuster screw 82 is mounted in a generally orthogonal relationship to the worm gear 80.
  • the adjuster screw 82 includes a mating worm thread which is positioned within the adjuster arm 62 for engagement with the worm gear 80 such that rotation of the adjusting screw 82 provides a fraction (preferably about 10 to 1) of the angular rotation of the worm gear 80.
  • the adjuster shaft is threadably mounted in a threaded aperture in the worm gear 80, so that the rotation of the worm gear 80 causes a change in the vertical position of the adjuster shaft 68 relative to the worm gear 80 and, therefore, adjustment in the vertical position of the adjuster arm 64 relative to the base 62.
  • the outward travel of adjuster shaft 68 relative to the worm gear 80 is limited by a spring clip 84.
  • the partially spherical bearing surface 72 of the adjuster shaft 64 bears upon a spherical washer 86 which is positioned within a suitably sized receptacle in the base 62.
  • An O-ring 88 may be provided in a suitably positioned receptacle to seal the worm gears 80, 82 from the environment.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 6 also utilizes a cap 90 which is secured in position atop the adjuster arm 64 to likewise seal the adjustment mechanism con ⁇ tained therein from the outside environment .
  • This cap 90 is preferably fabricated from a resilient plastic and provided with a dull matte surface finish to reduce glare. It will be appreciated that, while the adjuster mechanism 60 shown in Figure 6 facilitates elevation adjustment of the hologram, a similar mechanism may be employed, appropriately reoriented, to facilitate a windage adjustment of the hologram.
  • a more compact windage adjuster 92 is employed on the embodiment of Figures 6 and 9.
  • a flexure hinge is machined in the aluminum base of the adjuster arm 64 to provide for a flex about a generally vertical axis, thereby accommo- dating for a windage adjustment.
  • An adjustment screw 94 is mounted for rotation within a receptacle 96 in the adjustment arm 64 so that one end is threadably secured, via a retaining nut 98.
  • the retaining nut 98, and therefore the portion of the mount including the holo- gram 30, travels on the threads of the screw 94, thereby changing the windage angle, ⁇ , of the hologram 30.
  • the adjustment mechanism preferably includes a spring 102 or other suitable equivalent to provide a biasing force to stabilize the adjustment mechanism.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble hologramme détachable (10) destiné à un viseur holographique compact et comprenant un hologramme d'une image de réticule monté à l'intérieur d'un cadre élastique détachable (16). Ledit cadre comprend une paire de surfaces d'alignement non parallèles et généralement planes, ainsi qu'une ouverture pratiquée à travers le cadre à la jonction des surfaces d'alignement. Une monture d'hologramme (18), comprenant également une paire de surfaces d'alignement complémentaires de celles du cadre, est fixée au viseur ou forme une seule pièce avec ce dernier. Un élément de fixation permet de fixer l'ensemble hologramme sur la monture. L'angle d'une surface d'alignement par rapport à l'autre surface d'alignement du cadre de l'hologramme est de préférence légèrement inférieur à l'angle formé entre les surfaces d'alignement de la monture d'hologramme, de sorte que, une fois le cadre fixé sur la monture au moyen de l'élément de fixation, les extrémités des surfaces d'alignement du cadre sont courbées et pressent les surfaces d'alignement contre la monture de manière sûre et alignée.
PCT/US1996/018329 1995-11-15 1996-11-12 Ensemble hologramme detachable et element de reglage en derive/elevation pour un viseur holographique compact WO1997018433A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU10764/97A AU1076497A (en) 1995-11-15 1996-11-12 Detachable hologram assembly and windage/elevation adjuster for a compact holographic sight

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US556,457 1990-07-24
US55645795A 1995-11-15 1995-11-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997018433A1 true WO1997018433A1 (fr) 1997-05-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1996/018329 WO1997018433A1 (fr) 1995-11-15 1996-11-12 Ensemble hologramme detachable et element de reglage en derive/elevation pour un viseur holographique compact

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Country Link
AU (1) AU1076497A (fr)
WO (1) WO1997018433A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106716048A (zh) * 2014-05-09 2017-05-24 L-3通信防御系统分部科技有限公司 在瞄准具中的集成滤光器和光栅
KR20210075060A (ko) * 2018-06-19 2021-06-22 에이치이엘 테크놀로지스, 엘엘씨 에지 조명을 가진 홀로그램 광학 요소

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2148272A (en) * 1937-06-04 1939-02-21 Kyle Brudge Gun sight
US2633051A (en) * 1945-09-28 1953-03-31 Swain Nelson Company Gun sight
US5369888A (en) * 1993-01-13 1994-12-06 Kay; Ira M. Wide field of view reflex gunsight
US5373644A (en) * 1992-11-24 1994-12-20 Depaoli; Alfred C. Reflex luminous dot sighting instrument with undesired dot light blocking
US5483362A (en) * 1994-05-17 1996-01-09 Environmental Research Institute Of Michigan Compact holographic sight

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2148272A (en) * 1937-06-04 1939-02-21 Kyle Brudge Gun sight
US2633051A (en) * 1945-09-28 1953-03-31 Swain Nelson Company Gun sight
US5373644A (en) * 1992-11-24 1994-12-20 Depaoli; Alfred C. Reflex luminous dot sighting instrument with undesired dot light blocking
US5369888A (en) * 1993-01-13 1994-12-06 Kay; Ira M. Wide field of view reflex gunsight
US5383278A (en) * 1993-01-13 1995-01-24 Kay; Ira M. Wide field of view reflex sight for a bow
US5483362A (en) * 1994-05-17 1996-01-09 Environmental Research Institute Of Michigan Compact holographic sight

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106716048A (zh) * 2014-05-09 2017-05-24 L-3通信防御系统分部科技有限公司 在瞄准具中的集成滤光器和光栅
KR20210075060A (ko) * 2018-06-19 2021-06-22 에이치이엘 테크놀로지스, 엘엘씨 에지 조명을 가진 홀로그램 광학 요소
EP3811019A4 (fr) * 2018-06-19 2022-06-22 Hel Technologies, LLC Élément optique holographique à éclairage de bord
KR102772299B1 (ko) 2018-06-19 2025-02-26 에이치이엘 테크놀로지스, 엘엘씨 에지 조명을 가진 홀로그램 광학 요소

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