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WO1997014947A2 - Recipient pour fluide d'etalonnage - Google Patents

Recipient pour fluide d'etalonnage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1997014947A2
WO1997014947A2 PCT/GB1996/002553 GB9602553W WO9714947A2 WO 1997014947 A2 WO1997014947 A2 WO 1997014947A2 GB 9602553 W GB9602553 W GB 9602553W WO 9714947 A2 WO9714947 A2 WO 9714947A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sample
container
outlet
valve means
solution
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1996/002553
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1997014947A3 (fr
Inventor
David Stephen Josty
Paul Michael Williams
Roger Bernard John
Original Assignee
Lion Laboratories Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lion Laboratories Plc filed Critical Lion Laboratories Plc
Priority to AU73133/96A priority Critical patent/AU7313396A/en
Publication of WO1997014947A2 publication Critical patent/WO1997014947A2/fr
Publication of WO1997014947A3 publication Critical patent/WO1997014947A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/497—Physical analysis of biological material of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath
    • G01N33/4972—Determining alcohol content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0006—Calibrating gas analysers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to devices for providing a vapour sample of a volatile component of a solution and apparatus for allowing such samples to be tested.
  • a fuel cell a semi-conductor detector or an infra-red detector.
  • Each of these detectors requires regular calibration or checking and essentially two methods of providing a component standard have grown up. In the first a calibrated sample is provided from a pressurised cylinder or can from which gas is allowed to flow into the inlet port of a test apparatus and in the second a gas is bubbled through a wet bath until a head space above the fluid in the bath is in equilibrium.
  • the invention consists in a device for providing a gas sample of a volatile component of a solution comprising a substantially closed container, absorbent material partially filling the interior of the container for absorbing the solution and for releasing the volatile component into at least part of the remaining interior space, an outlet communicating with the part of the space to allow a sample of the volatile component to be withdrawn and valve means for opening and closing the outlet.
  • the valve means may be for opening the outlet in response to the connection of sample drawing apparatus,and may include a projection for engagement by the sample drawing apparatus as it is connected to the outlet to operate the valve means.
  • the valve means may comprise a deflectable seal and means for urging the seal against the outlet.
  • the container may include an inlet to the part of the space and valve means for closing the inlet, in which case the inlet valve means and the outlet valve means may be constituted by a common valve means such that the inlet and outlets are opened and closed together.
  • the container may include a recess for temperature detection means such that the approximate temperature of the solution and/or the part of the space can be determined.
  • the container may have a number of inwardly projecting walls so as to increase the internal surface area of the container.
  • the invention consists in a device for providing a gas sample of a volatile component of a solution, comprising an open-mouthed container having a base defining a reservoir for an aqueous solution of a volatile component, a hydrophobic gas-permeable membrane extending across the top of the reservoir to retain the solution therein and a head space for collecting the volatile component vapour and means for releasably sealing the mouth and hence the head space.
  • the membrane is also temperature resistant (within its working range) and/or chemically inert.
  • it may be mounted on a carrier and the membrane may have a pore size of between 0.02 and 5.0 ⁇ m. It is particularly preferred that the pore size is 0.2 ⁇ m.
  • the membrane may be of a PTFE film and may conveniently be mounted on an open-weave carrier.
  • the container may be formed in two parts and the membrane may be trapped between them or a container may define a seat around the reservoir and the membrane may be adhered, fixed or welded to that seat.
  • the sealing means may comprise a foil attached across the mouth, in which case the foil may be pierceable, tearable or peelable to release a gas in the head space. In the case where a foil is peelable it may have an extension folded back over the container whereby the foil can be peeled by pulling the extension. In this case the container may have a breakable tab to which the free end of the extension is secured.
  • the base may be formed with a formation extending into the reservoir and define an external recess for receiving a temperature probe. Additionally or alternatively the base may have a self-sealing membrane through which the probe can be inserted into the reservoir.
  • the base may have an opening for filling the reservoir and a bung for sealing that opening.
  • the device may have identification formations or machine readable markings thereon so that containers having different concentrations can be automatically distinguished.
  • the volume of head space is in part determined by the volume of sample which is to be drawn (typically the head space is at least ten times the sample volume) ; partly by the need to prevent the pressure - equilibration venting not diluting the sample to any significant degree and partly to ensure the concentration equilibration time is not over long. It has been found that volumes between 12.5 and 18 cm 3 meet these parameters for the described design at least and a volume of between 15 and 16 cm 3 is preferred.
  • the container may be made of amyl-butyl-styrene (ABS) which may be injection moulded or vacuum formed.
  • ABS amyl-butyl-styrene
  • the invention consists in a sample including a device as defined above and an aqueous solution of a volatile component in the reservoir.
  • the volatile component may be ethanol and in any of these cases the solution may further contain copper sulphate as a preservative.
  • the invention consists in an apparatus for releasing a head space sample comprising a two part body, the parts being engageable to form a sealed enclosure for receiving a container containing a head space sample and for defining a sample chamber for receiving the head space sample, an outlet on the body and in communication with the chamber for connection to test apparatus, an outlet valve means for opening the outlet in response to connection of the test apparatus.
  • the valve means may include projection means for engagement by the test apparatus as it is connected to the outlet to operate the valve means.
  • the valve means may comprise a deflectable seal and means for urging the seal against the outlet in which case the projection means acts by urging the seal away from the outlet.
  • the apparatus may further include means for bleeding air into the chamber as the test apparatus is engaged to equilibrate the chamber at atmospheric pressure.
  • the bleeding means may comprise an external taper profile on the outlet.
  • the apparatus may further include temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the solution and may further include means for detecting temperature of the head space sample. Additionally or alternatively it may include means for reading identification markings or formations on the device.
  • the apparatus may include electrical connection means for connecting the temperature detecting or identification detecting means to the test apparatus.
  • the apparatus as defined above includes an enclosure formed to receive a device as defined above and in particular the body may be dimensioned so that the top and or extension of the peelable embodiment can project out of the body when the two parts of the body are sealingly engaged.
  • the invention also includes a combination of the device, the apparatus and the test apparatus.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a device for providing a head-space sample with an external temperature probe located therein;
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through apparatus for allowing the head-space sample to be passed to test apparatus.
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal section through an alternative sample device
  • Figure 4 is the corresponding view of the device of Figure 3 when engaged on breath testing apparatus;
  • Figure 5 is an exploded view of the device of Figure 3;
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the device of Figure 3 as assembled and part assembled.
  • a device for providing a head-space sample of a volatile component of an aqueous solution is generally indicated at 10. It comprises an open-mouthed container 11, which defines a reservoir 12 and a head space volume 13.
  • the reservoir 12 and head space volume 13 are separated by a gas-permeable hydrophobic membrane 14 which is affixed to a seat 15 which extends around the top of the reservoir 12.
  • the mouth of the container 11 is closed by a foil 16 which has a folded-back extension 17.
  • the free end of the extension 17 is secured to a breakable tab 19 formed on the container 11.
  • An inverted well 20 is formed in the base 21 of the reservoir 12 to receive a temperature probe 22 for monitoring or detecting the temperature of the solution. (The probe 22 is not part of the device 10.)
  • the base 21 may also include a filling opening 23, which can be sealingly closed by a bung 24.
  • the reservoir is filled with an aqueous solution containing the volatile component for which calibration is required and for the purposes of this specification it will be assumed that it is a solution of ethanol and the device is for use with breath testing apparatus.
  • the reservoir 12 is filled with such a solution 25.
  • the container is formed (for example from ABS) by injection moulding or vacuum forming and the membrane and foil are then affixed to it. Finally the solution 25 is added through the opening 23 and the bung 24 is inserted.
  • the membrane may be any suitable membrane, but PTFE membranes are particularly preferred and it has been found that for ethanol, a pore size of between 0.02 and 5.0 ⁇ m is particularly suitable and indeed a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m is preferred.
  • An example of an appropriate film is Gore-tex Microfiltration PTFE membrane 9530051 made by W.L. Gore & Associates. Such film has very little mechanical strength and it may be desirable to use it on a carrier, particularly to facilitate fixing the membrane 14 to the seat 15.
  • the container 11 could be formed in two parts so that the membrane 14 can be trapped between the two parts during manufacture. Any carrier must obviously equally be gas permeable and will possibly posses a larger pore size.
  • the volatile component diffuses through the membrane 14 into the head space volume 13 at a rate determined by Graham's Law of Diffusion and the membrane pore size, but the solution 25 is retained within the reservoir 12. The system will fairly quickly reach equilibrium and then, in accordance with Henry's Law, the concentration of the ethanol vapour in the head-space volume 13 will be directly dependent on the concentration of the ethanol in the solution and on the temperature of the solution.
  • the solution temperature is significant because the diffusion coefficient of ethanol in an ethanol water system is temperature dependent and this in turn alters the equilibrium concentration for the head space for a given solution concentration.
  • the head space volume therefore, for any particular temperature, contains a vapour sample of known concentration. This sample can be released in any appropriate manner to the test apparatus with which it is to be used.
  • the foil 16 could simply be pierced.
  • it is particularly preferred that the foil 16 is peeled off by breaking a tab 19 off the container 11 and pulling the extension 17 away from the container 11 such that it peels back the foil 16.
  • the volume of the head space volume 13 will depend on many criteria of the system involved, but when used with the apparatus described below and for calibrating hand-held breath testing equipment, a volume of between 12.5 and 18 cm 3 has been found suitable and a volume of between 15 and 16 cm 3 is particularly preferred.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an apparatus designed to allow the devices 10 to be used in conjunction with hand-held breath tester such as the LION ALCOLMETER (RTM) SL-400 manufactured By Lion Laboratories pic.
  • the apparatus which is generally indicated at 26, has a body 27 formed of two hinged parts, 28, 29 which can be locked together in their closed position by a catch 30.
  • the body 27 defines a first enclosure 31, which contains a processor 32 and associated circuitry mounted on a printed circuit board 33 and a display 34, and a further enclosure 35 for receiving the device 10 and for allowing the sample in its head-space volume to be supplied to breath testing equipment.
  • part 28 defines a chamber 36 for receiving the device 10, whilst part 29 defines a further chamber 37 into which the head space volume sample can be released when the foil 16 is removed.
  • the volume of the chamber 37 will define the time that will need to elapse for re-equibration of the sample to occur.
  • This second chamber 37 is connected to an outlet 38 onto which the inlet port of a breath tester (not shown) can be engaged.
  • the outlet port 38 has a tapering external profile.
  • the outlet port 38 is closed by a deflectable seal 39, which is mounted on a flat spring 40 that is fixed at its other end 41 to the part 29.
  • a further seal 42 is engaged on the spring 40, intermediate the seal 39 and other end 41, and closes off an opening in the wall 43 of the part 29.
  • This opening 44 receives and retains a projection 45.
  • the spring 40 is also provided with an upstanding wall 46, which forms a labyrinth seal, between the port 38 and the opening 44, with a formation 47 on the wall 43.
  • the seal 39 will not open until after the port 38 is partially inserted into the inlet of the breath tester. This prevents any substantial escape of the sample in the chamber 37.
  • the external profile of the outlet port 38 is tapered, air can bleed between the port 38 and the breath testing apparatus inlet into the chamber 37 so that it becomes equilibrated to atmospheric pressure, without any significant leakage of the sample to the atmosphere.
  • the labyrinth seal prevents any direct leakage of air between the port 38 and the opening 44.
  • the system is once more sealed and the apparatus can be instructed to suck out the sample from the chamber 37.
  • the device 10 In use the device 10 is fitted into the chamber 36 with the body open. As it is inserted it engages with the temperature probe 22, which is mounted within that chamber. It may also engage a series of micro switches 49 mounted in that chamber. By providing suitable formations (eg 50)on the container 11, the micro switches 49 can be switched either on or off and hence produce an identifying code for the container and indicate to the processor 32 what concentration is within the container 10. (Machine readable barcodes and other identifying systems may also be used) .
  • the temperature probe 22 is also connected to the processor 32.
  • the processor 32 calculates the actual concentration of the sample in the head space and displays the value on the display so that the operator can calibrate or check the instrument in accordance with this figure.
  • this information may be supplied to the breath tester by a cable (not shown) for automatic calibration.
  • the cable (not shown) can be used to inform the breath tester of the concentration of the solution sample and the temperature of the solution so that a suitable compensation can be made by a processor in the breath tester.
  • FIG. 3 to 6 show an alternative device, 52, which also provides a solution to this problem and further effectively combines the functions of the device 10 of Figure l and the apparatus 26 Figure 2.
  • the device 52 comprises a container 53 formed from upper and lower parts 54, 55.
  • Absorbent material 56 is provided to line the inner walls of the parts 54 , 55 so as to partially fill the interior space, whilst leaving a head space 57.
  • Grooves 58 are provided in parts of the absorbent material 56 so as to increase its surface area. In use the absorbent material 56 is impregnated with an ethanol solution (or a solution of any other volatile component to be tested) .
  • the lower container portion 55 contains inwardly projecting walls 59 which serve to guide a generally rectangular valve member 60.
  • the valve member has lands 61,62 and 63. Lands 61 and 63 carry gasket material 64 on their bottom surface and form valve seats for an outlet 65 and an inlet 66 respectively.
  • the central land 62 carries a downwardly extending projection 67 which is provided with a washer 68. The projection 67 extends through an opening 69 which can be sealed by the washer 68.
  • a spring 70 acts to urge the valve member 59 into the closed position indicated in Figure 3.
  • the spring 70 seats on the bottom of a well-forming projection 71 formed in the upper container part 54.
  • the well 72 contains a thermistor 73.
  • the device 52 In use the device 52 is engaged on breath testing apparatus 74 and this engagement forces the projection 67, and hence the valve element 59, upwardly opening both the inlet 66 and outlet 65.
  • the breath tester 74 is then immediately operated and a sample from the head space 57 is drawn into the tester for calibration purposes as previously described.
  • the open inlet 66 allows the head space 57 to be at atmospheric pressure and prevents any resistance to the sucking of the sample.
  • the thermistor 73 could be connected to a separate ' computer element as in Figure 2, or it can simply be linked into the breath testing apparatus as shown in chain line in Figure 4.
  • the breath testing apparatus could include a temperature probe which entered a well in the lower part 55 of the container when the breath testing apparatus is engaged on the device or, alternatively, the breath testing apparatus has an electrical contact which can engage directly with an electrical contact of the thermistor. Where the device 52 contains a memory, this could also inform the breath tester 74 of the concentration of the sample. Alternatively other identification means may be provided.
  • the provision of the inlet 66 can allow the device to be charged with the volatile component after assembly. Deflection of the projection 67 will open the inlet 66 and the container can then be filled with a known volume of volatile component, for example by a hypodermic syringe.
  • the devices will probably be disposable. However, they could be re-charged as described above. Clearly the breath testing apparatus will require suitable software when it is taking readings directly from the thermistor.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a pour objet des dispositifs permettant d'obtenir des échantillons de vapeur de composés volatils d'une solution, ainsi que l'appareil servant à tester ces échantillons. Deux récipients de types différents (10 et 52) y sont présentés. Dans chacun d'eux, une solution volatile est retenue de telle sorte que le composé volatil s'équilibre avec un vide d'où il peut être extrait pour passer dans l'appareil de contrôle. Dans le récipient (10), le composé volatil est retenu par une membrane hydrofuge perméable au gaz (14), tandis que dans le récipient (52), la solution est retenue dans la matière absorbante (56). Le récipient (10) s'accompagne d'un appareil (26), alors que le récipient (52) est complet en tant que tel. Dans un cas comme dans l'autre, l'appareil de contrôle placé sur un orifice de sortie d'échantillonnage provoque l'ouverture d'une soupape qui déclenche le processus d'échantillonnage.
PCT/GB1996/002553 1995-10-17 1996-10-17 Recipient pour fluide d'etalonnage WO1997014947A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU73133/96A AU7313396A (en) 1995-10-17 1996-10-17 Container for calibration fluid

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9521260.1A GB9521260D0 (en) 1995-10-17 1995-10-17 Sample container
GB9521260.1 1995-10-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997014947A2 true WO1997014947A2 (fr) 1997-04-24
WO1997014947A3 WO1997014947A3 (fr) 1997-06-19

Family

ID=10782437

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1996/002553 WO1997014947A2 (fr) 1995-10-17 1996-10-17 Recipient pour fluide d'etalonnage

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU7313396A (fr)
GB (1) GB9521260D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997014947A2 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014003674A1 (fr) * 2012-06-27 2014-01-03 Alco Systems Sweden Ab Dispositif de calibration d'alcool expiré dans l'air à base de cartouche
US20140041436A1 (en) * 2012-08-07 2014-02-13 Lifeloc Technologies, Inc. Breath alcohol tester calibration station
EP2684040A4 (fr) * 2011-03-11 2014-09-03 Univ Brigham Young Dispositif d'échantillonnage de distribution d'équilibre simple pour étalonnage de chromatographie en phase gazeuse-spectrométrie de masse (gc-ms)
CN104040336A (zh) * 2012-01-26 2014-09-10 迪诶科技有限公司 饮酒检测器
CN104094113A (zh) * 2012-01-26 2014-10-08 伊莱克有限公司 饮酒检测器用具有标准酒精气体的盒
US20140311214A1 (en) * 2013-03-13 2014-10-23 Alcotek, Inc. Portable Wet Calibration System for Handheld Breath Testers
US20150160190A1 (en) * 2013-12-05 2015-06-11 Lifeloc Technologies, Inc. Vaporized fluid detector calibration device
WO2016073608A1 (fr) * 2014-11-04 2016-05-12 Alcotek, Inc. Systèmes et procédés pour un bain humide d'équilibre
US10436770B2 (en) 2013-07-31 2019-10-08 1A Smart Start, Llc Automated calibration station for ignition interlock devices
US10596903B2 (en) 2015-10-13 2020-03-24 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Networked intoxication vehicle immobilization
US10663440B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2020-05-26 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Secure data handling in a breath alcohol calibration station
US10877008B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2020-12-29 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Reference gas management in a breath alcohol calibration station

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3854319A (en) * 1972-10-16 1974-12-17 Borg Warner Alcoholic breath simulator
GB2029717B (en) * 1978-09-08 1982-08-11 Draegerwerk Ag Mixing apparatus for use in calibrating a vapour monitoring device
US4388272A (en) * 1981-04-08 1983-06-14 Northwestern University Method and apparatus for precise control of vapor phase concentrations of volatile organics
DE3534616A1 (de) * 1985-09-28 1987-04-02 Draegerwerk Ag Aufnahmevorrichtung fuer gassensoren
US5134875A (en) * 1990-09-28 1992-08-04 Jensen Richard E Breath alcohol simulator solution containers and method of using same

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10859545B2 (en) 2011-03-11 2020-12-08 Brigham Young University Simple equilibrium distribution sampling device for GC-MS calibration
EP2684040A4 (fr) * 2011-03-11 2014-09-03 Univ Brigham Young Dispositif d'échantillonnage de distribution d'équilibre simple pour étalonnage de chromatographie en phase gazeuse-spectrométrie de masse (gc-ms)
CN104040336A (zh) * 2012-01-26 2014-09-10 迪诶科技有限公司 饮酒检测器
CN104094113A (zh) * 2012-01-26 2014-10-08 伊莱克有限公司 饮酒检测器用具有标准酒精气体的盒
JP2015510413A (ja) * 2012-01-26 2015-04-09 イルレクケム カンパニー，リミテッド 飲酒測定器用標準アルコールガスが具備されたカートリッジ
EP2808681A4 (fr) * 2012-01-26 2016-04-06 Datech Co Ltd Éthylotest
EP2808680A4 (fr) * 2012-01-26 2015-09-02 Elechem Co Ltd Cartouche pour éthylotest renfermant un alcool standard sous forme gazeuse
KR101555809B1 (ko) * 2012-06-27 2015-10-06 알코 시스템즈 스웨덴 에이비 카트리지에 기반한 호흡 알코올 교정 장치 및 측정 방법
WO2014003674A1 (fr) * 2012-06-27 2014-01-03 Alco Systems Sweden Ab Dispositif de calibration d'alcool expiré dans l'air à base de cartouche
CN104487841A (zh) * 2012-06-27 2015-04-01 艾可系统瑞典公司 基于盒的呼气酒精校准装置
US9207223B2 (en) 2012-06-27 2015-12-08 Alco Systems Sweden Ab Cartridge based breath alcohol calibration device
JP2015520399A (ja) * 2012-06-27 2015-07-16 アルコ システムズ スウェーデン アーベーＡｌｃｏ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ Ｓｗｅｄｅｎ Ａｂ カートリッジを備える呼気アルコール校正装置
US9562883B2 (en) * 2012-08-07 2017-02-07 Lifeloc Technologies, Inc. Breath alcohol tester calibration station
US20140041436A1 (en) * 2012-08-07 2014-02-13 Lifeloc Technologies, Inc. Breath alcohol tester calibration station
US20140311214A1 (en) * 2013-03-13 2014-10-23 Alcotek, Inc. Portable Wet Calibration System for Handheld Breath Testers
US10436770B2 (en) 2013-07-31 2019-10-08 1A Smart Start, Llc Automated calibration station for ignition interlock devices
US10458975B1 (en) 2013-07-31 2019-10-29 1A Smart Start, Llc Calibration device and method for calibrating an ignition interlock device
WO2015085006A1 (fr) * 2013-12-05 2015-06-11 Lifeloc Technologies, Inc. Dispositif d'étalonnage de détecteur de fluide vaporisé
US20150160190A1 (en) * 2013-12-05 2015-06-11 Lifeloc Technologies, Inc. Vaporized fluid detector calibration device
WO2016073608A1 (fr) * 2014-11-04 2016-05-12 Alcotek, Inc. Systèmes et procédés pour un bain humide d'équilibre
US9778247B2 (en) 2014-11-04 2017-10-03 Alcotek, Inc. Systems and methods for an equilibrium wet bath
US10054580B2 (en) 2014-11-04 2018-08-21 Alcotek, Inc. Systems and methods for an equilibrium wet bath
US11338675B2 (en) 2015-10-13 2022-05-24 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Networked intoxication vehicle immobilization
US10596903B2 (en) 2015-10-13 2020-03-24 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Networked intoxication vehicle immobilization
US10604011B2 (en) 2015-10-13 2020-03-31 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Networked intoxication vehicle immobilization
US12054044B2 (en) 2015-10-13 2024-08-06 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Networked intoxication vehicle immobilization
US10919389B2 (en) 2015-10-13 2021-02-16 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Networked vehicle immobilization
US10663440B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2020-05-26 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Secure data handling in a breath alcohol calibration station
US11047840B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2021-06-29 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Reference gas management in a breath alcohol calibration station
US10948468B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2021-03-16 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Fault-tolerant breath alcohol calibration station and method
US11415564B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2022-08-16 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Secure data handling in a breath alcohol calibration station
US11971395B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2024-04-30 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Secure data handling in a breath alcohol calibration station
US10877008B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2020-12-29 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Reference gas management in a breath alcohol calibration station
US12241879B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2025-03-04 Consumer Safety Technology, Llc Reference gas management in a breath alcohol calibration station

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1997014947A3 (fr) 1997-06-19
AU7313396A (en) 1997-05-07
GB9521260D0 (en) 1995-12-20

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