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WO1997012018A1 - Liquid laundry detergents containing selected quaternary ammonium compounds - Google Patents

Liquid laundry detergents containing selected quaternary ammonium compounds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997012018A1
WO1997012018A1 PCT/US1995/012470 US9512470W WO9712018A1 WO 1997012018 A1 WO1997012018 A1 WO 1997012018A1 US 9512470 W US9512470 W US 9512470W WO 9712018 A1 WO9712018 A1 WO 9712018A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alkyl
detergent composition
composition according
liquid detergent
formula
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1995/012470
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Dimitris Lappas
Rajan Keshav Panandiker
Thomas Wilhelm Horner
Original Assignee
The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Procter & Gamble Company filed Critical The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority to PCT/US1995/012470 priority Critical patent/WO1997012018A1/en
Priority to AU38241/95A priority patent/AU3824195A/en
Priority to BR9510648A priority patent/BR9510648A/en
Priority to JP9513372A priority patent/JPH11512761A/en
Priority to US09/043,984 priority patent/US6017874A/en
Priority to EP95936211A priority patent/EP0873387A1/en
Publication of WO1997012018A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997012018A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/65—Mixtures of anionic with cationic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/86—Mixtures of anionic, cationic, and non-ionic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
    • C11D1/525—Carboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain two or more hydroxy groups per alkyl group, e.g. R3 being a reducing sugar rest
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/75—Amino oxides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to detergent compositions containing surfactants selected from quaternary ammonium surfactants.
  • the invention is directed to detergent compositions containing a nil-LAS surfactant system comprising anionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of alkyl alkoxylated sulfates and alkyl sulfates, said composition further containing specific quaternary ammonium surfactants.
  • the present invention relates to liquid detergents containing a surfactant system which is free of Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactants (LAS), said liquid detergent having optimum greasy stain removal performance.
  • LAS Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactants
  • a surfactant system comprising anionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of alkyl alkoxylated sulfates and alkyl sulfates, said surfactant system further comprising a cosurfactant selected from the group of quaternary ammonium surfactants.
  • liquid detergent compositions containing the selected quaternary ammonium surfactants of the present invention provide excellent greasy stain removal performance without detriment to the suds characteristics of the compositions. This finding allows to reduce the level of suds suppressing agents, thereby facilitating the formulation of concentrated liquid detergents.
  • Quaternary ammonium surfactants are described in the art. The properties of these surfactants are very strongly influenced by the type of substituent. Chain length, degree of saturation, branching or the presence and number of hydroxylic or ethoxy groups mainly determine the properties of the surfactant. Whereas typical textile-conditioning actions are performed by cationic surfactants with two long alkyl chains, cationic surfactants with only one long alkyl chain have been reported to improve the detergency performance in laundry detergents.
  • EP-A-224 describes liquid built laundry detergent compositions comprising a general class of quaternary ammonium surfactants. Decyltrimethyl ammonium chloride is described.
  • EP 8142 describes a liquid builder-free heavy duty detergent comprising a quaternary ammonium compound of a general formula. Octyldihydroxyethyl ethyl ammonium halides are described.
  • the surfactant system of the present invention provides optimum grease and oil removal performance, thereby not adversely affecting the suds characteristic of the detergent compositions formulated therewith.
  • liquid detergent compositions formulated with said surfactant system are extremely useful when the liquid detergent compositions are in direct contact with the fabrics such as during pretreatment.
  • the present invention relates to liquid detergent compositions comprising a Nil-LAS surfactant system said surfactant system comprising anionic surfactants selected from the group of alkyl alkoxy sulfates and alkyl sulfates and selected quaternary ammonium surfactants present in specific weight ratio.
  • the detergent compositions preferably comprise at least 5%, more preferably from 10% to 65% and most preferably from 15% to 40% by weight of the surfactant system as described hereinabove.
  • the surfactant system of the detergent compositions according to the present invention comprise anionic surfactants selected from the group of alkylalkoxy sulfates and alkyl sulfates.
  • the alkyl alkoxylated sulfate surfactants hereof are water soluble salts or acids of the formula RO(A) m S03M wherein R is an unsubstituted C ⁇ o ⁇ c 24 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having a CIQ -C 24 alkyl component, preferably a Ci2 ⁇ Ci8 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably Ci2 ⁇ c l5 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, A is an ethoxy or propoxy unit, m is greater than zero, typically between about 0.5 and about 6, more preferably between about 0.5 and about 3, and M is H or a cation which can be, for example, a metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), ammonium or substituted-ammonium cation.
  • R is an unsubstituted C ⁇ o ⁇ c 24 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having a CIQ -C 24 alky
  • Alkyl ethoxylated sulfates as well as alkyl propoxylated sulfates are contemplated herein.
  • Specific examples of substituted ammonium cations include ethanol-, triethanol-, methyl-, dimethyl, trimethyl-ammonium cations and quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl piperidinium cations and those derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof, and the like.
  • Exemplary surfactants are Ci2 ⁇ c 15 alkyl polyethoxylate (1.0) sulfate (C 12 -Ci5E(1.0)M) , C12-C15 alkyl polyethoxylate (2.25) sulfate (C12- 15E(2.25)M) , C 12 - C 5 alkyl polyethoxylate (3.0) sulfate (C12-C15E (3.0)M) , and c 12 -c 15 alkyl polyethoxylate (4.0) sulfate (C12-C15E (4.0)M) , wherein M is conveniently selected from sodium and potassium.
  • the alkyl sulfate surfactants hereof are water soluble salts or acids of the formula ROSO3M wherein R preferably is a C ⁇ o ⁇ c 24 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a C ⁇ o -c l8 alkyl component, more preferably a C]_2 ⁇ i5 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, and M is H or a cation, e.g., an alkali metal cation (e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium), or ammonium or substituted ammonium (e.g.
  • R preferably is a C ⁇ o ⁇ c 24 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a C ⁇ o -c l8 alkyl component, more preferably a C]_2 ⁇ i5 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
  • M is H or a cation, e.g., an alkali metal cation (e.g.
  • methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammonium cations and quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl piperidinium cations and quaternary ammonium cations derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, -triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like) .
  • the quaternary ammonium surfactant according to the present invention has the formula (I) :
  • Rl is a short chainlength alkyl (C6-C10) or alkylamidoalkyl of the formula (II) :
  • Formula II y is 2-4, preferably 3. whereby R2 is H or a C1-C3 alkyl, whereby x is 0-4, preferably 0-2, most preferably 0, whereby R3, R4 and R5 are either the same or different and can be either a short chain alkyl (C1-C3) or alkoxylated alkyl of the formula III,
  • X ⁇ is a counterion, preferably a halide, e.g. chloride or methylsulfate.
  • R6 is C1-C4 and z is 1 or 2.
  • Preferred quaternary ammonium surfactants have the general formula I, whereby the weight ratio of the quaternary ammonium surfactant to the alkyl alkoxy sulfates and alkyl sulfates is from 1:3 to 1:30, preferably from 1:3 to 1:15, most preferred from 1:5 to 1:10.
  • a liquid detergent composition comprising the surfactant system of the present invention mixed with detergent ingredients.
  • a wide range of surfactants can be used in the detergent composition of the present invention.
  • the detergent compositions according to the present invention comprise a surfactant system which is substantially free of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactant.
  • alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants including linear esters of c 8 ⁇ c 20 carboxylic acids (i.e., fatty acids) which are sulfonated with gaseous SO3 according to "The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society", 52 (1975), pp. 323-329.
  • Suitable starting materials would include natural fatty substances as derived from tallow, palm oil, etc.
  • alkyl ester sulfonate surfactant especially for laundry applications, comprise alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants of the structural formula :
  • R 3 is a Cg-C2o hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl, or combination thereof
  • R 4 is a C ⁇ -Cg hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl, or combination thereof
  • M is a cation which forms a water soluble salt with the alkyl ester sulfonate.
  • Suitable salt-forming cations include metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, and substituted or unsubstituted ammonium cations, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine.
  • R 3 is C ⁇ o ⁇ c 16 alkyl
  • R 4 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl.
  • the methyl ester sulfonates wherein R 3 is C ⁇ o ⁇ c 16 alkyl.
  • anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can also be included in the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention.
  • These can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of soap, C8-C22 primary of secondary alkanesulfonates, 8 -C2 olefinsulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids prepared by sulfonation of the pyrolyzed product of alkaline earth metal citrates, e.g., as described in British patent specification No.
  • Cg- C2 alkylpolyglycolethersulfates (containing up to 10 moles of ethylene oxide) ; alkyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleoyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, alkyl succinamates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated Ci2 ⁇ c 18 monoesters) and diesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated Cg- C12 diesters), sulfates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulfates of alkylpolyglu
  • Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tall oil. Further examples are described in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch). A variety of such surfactants are also generally disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,929,678, issued December 30, 1975 to Laughlin, et al. at Column 23, line 58 through Column 29, line 23 (herein incorporated by reference) .
  • the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from about 1% to about 40%, preferably from about 5% to about 25% by weight of such anionic surfactants.
  • One class of nonionic surfactants useful in the present invention are condensates of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic moiety to provide a surfactant having an average hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) in the range from 8 to 17, preferably from 9.5 to 14, more preferably from 12 to 14.
  • HLB hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
  • the hydrophobic (lipophilic) moiety may be aliphatic or aromatic in nature and the length of the polyoxyethylene group which is condensed with any particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.
  • Especially preferred nonionic surfactants of this type are the Cg-Ci5 primary alcohol ethoxylates containing 3-12 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, particularly the Ci2 ⁇ C 5 primary alcohols containing 5-8 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
  • Another class of nonionic surfactants comprises alkyl polyglucoside compounds of general formula
  • Z is a moiety derived from glucose; R is a saturated hydrophobic alkyl group that contains from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; t is from 0 to 10 and n is 2 or 3; x is from 1.3 to 4, the compounds including less than 10% unreacted fatty alcohol and less than 50% short chain alkyl polyglucosides.
  • Compounds of this type and their use in detergent are disclosed in EP-B 0 070 077, 0 075 996 and 0 094 118.
  • nonionic surfactants are poly hydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants of the formula
  • R 2 - C(O) - N(R 1 ) - Z wherein R 1 is H, or R 1 is C ⁇ _ hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl or a mixture thereof, R 2 is 05-31 hydrocarbyl, and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative thereof.
  • R 1 is methyl
  • R 2 is a straight Cn_i5 alkyl or alkenyl chain such as coconut alkyl or mixtures thereof
  • Z is derived from a reducing sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, in a reductive amination reaction.
  • compositions of the present invention may comprise amine oxide in accordance with the general formula I:
  • R 1 is preferably selected from
  • R is a primary or branched hydrocarbyl moiety which can be saturated or unsaturated, preferably, R is a primary alkyl moiety.
  • R is a hydrocarbyl moiety having chainlength of from about 8 to about 18.
  • the invention also encompasses amine oxides wherein x+y+z is different from zero, specifically x+y+z is from 1 about 1 to about 10, R is a primary alkyl group containing
  • amine oxides can be prepared by conventional synthetic methods, e.g., by the reaction of alkylethoxysulfates with dimethylamine followed by oxidation of the ethoxylated amine with hydrogen peroxide.
  • Highly preferred amine oxides herein are solids at ambient temperature, more preferably they have melting- points in the range 30°C to 90°C.
  • Amine oxides suitable for use herein are made commercially by a number of suppliers, including Akzo Chemie, Ethyl Corp., and Procter & Gamble. See McCutcheon's compilation and Kirk-Othmer review article for alternate amine oxide manufacturers.
  • Preferred commercially available amine oxides are the solid, dihydrate ADMOX 16 and ADMOX 18, ADMOX 12 and especially ADMOX 14 from Ethyl Corp.
  • Preferred embodiments include hexadecyldimethylamine oxide dihydrate, dodecyldimethylamine oxide dihydrate, octadecyldimethylamine oxide dihydrate, hexadecyltris (ethyleneoxy)dimethyl-amine oxide, and tetradecyldimethyl- amine oxide dihydrate.
  • R' CH OH
  • R' CH OH
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants include primary amines according to the formula R1R2R3 wherein Ri and R2 are both H, R3 is a C -Ci8 / preferably Cg-Ci2 alkyl chain, R3 alkyl chains may be straight or branched and may be interrupted with up to 12 ethylene oxide moieties, most preferably interrupted with up to 5 ethylene oxide moieties.
  • Preferred amines according to the formula herein above are n-alkyl amines.
  • Suitable amines for use herein may be selected from 1-hexylamine, 1-octylamine, lauryla ine, palmitylamine, stearylamine, oleylamine, coconutalkyla ine, tallowalkyl- amine.
  • R1R2R3 wherein Ri and R2 are both H ;
  • R3 is R 4 X(CH 2 )n x is -0-,-C(0)NH- or -NH- ;
  • R 4 is a C4-C18, preferably C -Ci2 alkyl chain and R4 may be branched or straight, n is between 1 to 5.
  • Preferred amines according to the formula herein above 3-isopropoxypropylamine, 3- (2- methoxyethoxy)-propylamine and 2- (2-aminoethoxy) -ethanol, c 8 ⁇ c 10 octyl oxy propylamine, 2-ethylhexyloxypropylamine, lauryl amido propylamine and coco amido propylamine.
  • Suitable tertiary amines for use herein include amines tertiary amines having the formula R1R2R 3 N wherein neither Rl nor R2 is H, Rl and R2 are C ⁇ Cg alkylchains or
  • n is between 2 to 4 and x is between 1 to 6;
  • R3 is either a C4-C18, preferably C -Ci2 alkyl chain, or R3 is R4X(CH2 ) n/ whereby X is -0-, -C(0)NH- or -NH- ; R4 is a C4-
  • Ci8 n is between 1 to 5, and R5 is H or C1-C2 alkyl.
  • R3, R4 are preferably C -Ci2 alkyl chains and may be straight or branched ; R3 alkyl chains may be interrupted with up to 12 ethylene oxide moieties, most preferably interrupted with up to 5 ethylene oxide moieties.
  • Suitable tertiary amines for use herein include coconutalkyldimethylamine, dimethyloleylamine, hexa- decyltris (ethyleneoxy)dimethylamine,tallowalkylbis (2- hydroxyethyl)amine, stearoylbis (2-hydroxyethyl) amine and oleoylbis (2-hydroxyethyl)amine.
  • the preferred materials are the trialkyl amines marketed under the tradename ADOGEN, the long chain alkyldimethyl amines marketed under the tradename ARMEEN and the ethoxylated amines marketed under the tradename ETHOMEEN.
  • the most preferred amines for use in the compositions herein are 1-hexylamine, 1-octylamine, 1- decyla ine, 1-dodecylamine.
  • n-dodecyl-dimethylamine ARMEEN DM12D
  • ETHOMEEN C/12, BEROL 3O7 bishydroxyethyl-coconutalkylamine
  • oleylamine 7 times ethoxylated BEROL 28
  • lauryl amido propylamine and coco amido propylamine.
  • Suitable amines include tertiary amines having the formula
  • Ri is C -C10, preferably Cg-Cio alkyl; n is 2-4, preferably n is 3; R2 is C1-C4 or
  • R3 I (CH2-CH-0) X H, whereby x is 1-5, R 3 is H or C ⁇ -C 2 alkyl.
  • the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise nonionic surfactants in the weight ratio of anionic surfactant to nonionic surfactant from 6:1 to 1:3, preferably from 5:1 to 2:1.
  • the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise nonionic surfactants in the weight ratio of anionic surfactant to nonionic surfactant from 6:1 to 1:3, preferably from 5:1 to
  • compositions according to the present invention may further comprise a builder system.
  • a builder system Any conventional builder system is suitable for use herein including aluminosilicate materials, silicates, polycarboxylates and fatty acids, materials such as ethylenediamine tetra-acetate, metal ion sequestrants such as aminopoly-phosphonates, particularly ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid and diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid.
  • phosphate builders can also be used herein.
  • Suitable polycarboxylates builders for use herein include citric acid, preferably in the form of a water- soluble salt, derivatives of succinic acid of the formula R- CH(COOH)CH2 (COOH) wherein R is C10-20 alkyl or alkenyl, preferably C12-16, or wherein R can be substituted with hydroxyl, sulfo sulfoxyl or sulfone substituents.
  • Specific examples include lauryl succinate , myristyl succinate, palmityl succinate 2-dodecenylsuccinate, 2-tetradecenyl succinate.
  • Succinate builders are preferably used in the form of their water-soluble salts, including sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts.
  • polycarboxylates are oxodisuccinates and mixtures of tartrate monosuccinic and tartrate disuccinic acid such as described in US 4,663,071.
  • suitable fatty acid builders for use herein are saturated or unsaturated C10-18 fatty acids, as well as the corresponding soaps.
  • Preferred saturated species have from 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
  • the preferred unsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid.
  • Other preferred builder system for liquid compositions is based on dodecenyl succinic acid and citric acid.
  • Detergency builders are normally included in amounts of from 3% to 50% by weight of the composition preferably from 5% to 30% and most usually from 5% to 25% by weight.
  • Preferred detergent compositions of the present invention may further comprise one or more enzymes which provide cleaning performance and/or fabric care benefits.
  • Said enzymes include enzymes selected from cellulases, he icellulases, peroxidases, proteases, gluco-amylases, amylases, lipases, cutinases, pectinases, xylanases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, ⁇ -glucanases, arabinosidases or mixtures thereof.
  • a preferred combination is a detergent composition having a cocktail of conventional applicable enzymes like protease, amylase, lipase, cutinase and/or cellulase in conjunction with the lipolytic enzyme variant D96L at a level of from 50 LU to 8500 LU per liter wash solution.
  • the cellulases usable in the present invention include both bacterial or fungal cellulase. Preferably, they will have a pH optimum of between 5 and 9.5. Suitable cellulases are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,435,307, Barbesgoard et al, which discloses fungal cellulase produced from Humicola insolens. Suitable cellulases are also disclosed in GB-A- 2.075.028; GB-A-2.095.275 and DE-OS-2.247.832.
  • cellulases examples include cellulases produced by a strain of Humicola insolens (Humicola grisea var. thermoidea), particularly the Humicola strain DSM 1800.
  • suitable cellulases are cellulases originated from Humicola insolens having a molecular weight of about 50KDa, an isoelectric point of 5.5 and containing 415 amino acids.
  • suitable cellulases are the cellulases having color care benefits. Examples of such cellulases are cellulases described in European patent application No. 91202879.2, filed November 6, 1991 (Novo) .
  • Peroxidase enzymes are used in combination with oxygen sources, e.g. percarbonate, perborate, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, etc. They are used for "solution bleaching", i.e. to prevent transfer of dyes or pigments removed from substrates during wash operations to other substrates in the wash solution.
  • Peroxidase enzymes are known in the art, and include, for example, horseradish peroxidase, ligninase, and haloperoxidase such as chloro- and bromo-peroxidase.
  • 'Peroxidase-containing detergent compositions are disclosed, for example, in PCT International Application WO 89/099813 and in European Patent application EP No. 91202882.6, filed on November 6, 1991.
  • Said cellulases and/or peroxidases are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001% to 2% of active enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
  • protease enzymes include those sold under the tradenames Alcalase, Savinase, Primase, Durazym, and Esperase by Novo Nordisk A/S (Denmark) , those sold under the tradename Maxatase, Maxacal and Maxapem by Gist-Brocades, those sold by Genencor International, and those sold under the tradename Opticlean and Optimase by Solvay Enzymes. Also proteases described in our co-pending application USSN 08/136,797 can be included in the detergent composition of the invention. Protease enzyme may be incorporated into the compositions in accordance with the invention at a level of from 0.0001% to 2% active enzyme by weight of the composition.
  • a preferred protease herein referred to as "Protease D” is a carbonyl hydrolase variant having an amino acid sequence not found in nature, which is derived from a precursor carbonyl hydrolase by substituting a different amino acid for the amino acid residue at a position in said carbonyl hydrolase equivalent to position +76, preferably also in combination with one or more amino acid residue positions equivalent to those selected from the group consisting of +99, +101, +103, +104, +107, +123, +27, +105, +109, +126, +128, +135, +156, +166, +195, +197, +204, +206, +210, +216, +217, +218, +222, +260, +265, and/or +274 according to the numbering of Bacill us amyl oliquefaci ens subtilisin, as described in the concurrently filed patent application of A. Baeck et al. entitled “Protease-Containing Cleaning Compositions" having U.S. Serial No.
  • Highly preferred enzymes that can be included in the detergent compositions of the present invention include lipases. It has been found that the cleaning performance on greasy soils is synergistically improved by using lipases.
  • Suitable lipase enzymes include those produced by microorganisms of the Pseudomonas group, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as disclosed in British Patent 1,372,034.
  • Suitable lipases include those which show a positive immunological cross-reaction with the antibody of the lipase, produced by the microorganism Pseudomonas fl uorescens IAM 1057. This lipase is available from Amano Pharmaceutical Co.
  • Lipase P (Amano,” hereinafter referred to as "Amano-P".
  • lipases such as Ml Lipase R and Lipomax ⁇ (Gist-Brocades) .
  • Highly preferred lipases are the D96L lipolytic enzyme variant of the native lipase derived from Humicola lanuginosa as described in US Serial No. 08/341,826.
  • the Humicola lanuginosa strain DSM 4106 is used.
  • This enzyme is incorporated into the composition in accordance with the invention at a level of from 50 LU to 8500 LU per liter wash solution.
  • the variant D96L is present at a level of from 100 LU to 7500 LU per liter of wash solution. More preferably at a level of from 150 LU to 5000 LU per liter of wash solution.
  • D96L lipolytic enzyme variant is meant the lipase variant as described in patent application WO 92/05249 viz. wherein the native lipase ex Humicola lanuginosa aspartic acid (D) residue at position 96 is changed to Leucine (L) . According to this nomenclature said substitution of aspartic acid to Leucine in position 96 is shown as : D96L.
  • cutinases [EC 3.1.1.50] which can be considered as a special kind of lipase, namely lipases which
  • the lipases and/or cutinases are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001% to 2% of active enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
  • Amylases (& and/or ⁇ ) can be included for removal of carbohydrate-based stains. Suitable amylases are Termamyl ⁇ (Novo Nordisk) , Fungamyl R and BAN R (Novo Nordisk) .
  • the above-mentioned enzymes may be of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin.
  • Said enzymes are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001% to 2% of active enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
  • detergent ingredients that can be added are enzyme oxidation scavengers which are described in Copending European Patent application 92870018.6 filed on January 31, 1992.
  • enzyme oxidation scavengers are ethoxylated tetraethylene polyamines.
  • Other components used in detergent compositions may be employed, such as soil-suspending agents, soil-release polymers, abrasives, bactericides, tarnish inhibitors, coloring agents, foam control agents, corrosion inhibitors and perfumes.
  • the liquid compositions according to the present invention are in "concentrated form"; in such case, the liquid detergent compositions according to the present invention will contain a lower amount of water, compared to conventional liquid detergents.
  • the level of water is less than 50%, preferably less than 30% by weight of the detergent compositons.
  • Said concentrated products provide advantages to the consumer, who has a product which can be used in lower amounts and to the producer, who has lower shipping costs.
  • liquid compositions are especially effective when applied directly to soils and stains in a pretreatment step.
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention can also be used as detergent additive products. Such additive products are intended to supplement or boost the performance of conventional detergent compositions.
  • the detergent compositions according to the present invention include compositions which are to be used for cleaning of substrates, such as fabrics, fibers, hard surfaces, skin etc., for example hard surface cleaning compositions (with or without abrasives), laundry detergent compositions, automatic and non-automatic dishwashing compositions.
  • substrates such as fabrics, fibers, hard surfaces, skin etc.
  • hard surface cleaning compositions with or without abrasives
  • laundry detergent compositions automatic and non-automatic dishwashing compositions.
  • Amylase (300KNU/g) 0. 1 0.1 0. 1 0.1
  • Terephthalate-based polymer 0. 5 - 0. 3 0.3
  • liquid detergent compositions (A-D) are found to be very efficient in the removal of greasy/oily soils under various usage conditions while having a controlled suds profile.

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Abstract

This invention relates to a liquid laundry detergent composition comprising a surfactant system which is free of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate comprising: i) anionic surfactants selected from the group of alkyl alkoxy sulfates and alkyl sulfates; ii) a selected quaternary ammonium surfactant.

Description

LIQUID LAUNDRY DETERGENTS
CONTAINING
SELECTED QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to detergent compositions containing surfactants selected from quaternary ammonium surfactants.
More particularly, the invention is directed to detergent compositions containing a nil-LAS surfactant system comprising anionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of alkyl alkoxylated sulfates and alkyl sulfates, said composition further containing specific quaternary ammonium surfactants.
Background of the Invention
The present invention relates to liquid detergents containing a surfactant system which is free of Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactants (LAS), said liquid detergent having optimum greasy stain removal performance.
The recent trend towards partial or total replacement of Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactants (LAS) has urged the detergent formulators to rebalance their formulations with different surfactants.
There is thus a standing desire for performance and flexibility reasons to make available a surfactant system capable of providing optimum detergency performance which is equivalent to that of LAS-containing detergents.
The above objective has been met by a surfactant system comprising anionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of alkyl alkoxylated sulfates and alkyl sulfates, said surfactant system further comprising a cosurfactant selected from the group of quaternary ammonium surfactants.
It has been surprisingly found that detergent compositions containing said surfactant system exhibit detergency performance equivalent to that of LAS-containing detergents.
In addition, it was found that the liquid detergent compositions containing the selected quaternary ammonium surfactants of the present invention, provide excellent greasy stain removal performance without detriment to the suds characteristics of the compositions. This finding allows to reduce the level of suds suppressing agents, thereby facilitating the formulation of concentrated liquid detergents.
Quaternary ammonium surfactants are described in the art. The properties of these surfactants are very strongly influenced by the type of substituent. Chain length, degree of saturation, branching or the presence and number of hydroxylic or ethoxy groups mainly determine the properties of the surfactant. Whereas typical textile-conditioning actions are performed by cationic surfactants with two long alkyl chains, cationic surfactants with only one long alkyl chain have been reported to improve the detergency performance in laundry detergents. EP-A-224 describes liquid built laundry detergent compositions comprising a general class of quaternary ammonium surfactants. Decyltrimethyl ammonium chloride is described. EP 8142 describes a liquid builder-free heavy duty detergent comprising a quaternary ammonium compound of a general formula. Octyldihydroxyethyl ethyl ammonium halides are described.
For optimum grease detergency performance, however, these compositions of the prior art require high level of cationic surfactant. These high levels of cationic surfactants in turn, generate excessive foaming, thereby raising problems of automatic washing machine compatibility. If, on the other hand, the cationic surfactant is reduced at a level at which foam regulation is no longer a problem, the beneficial grease detergency characteristics of quaternary compounds are diminished.
In contrast, the surfactant system of the present invention provides optimum grease and oil removal performance, thereby not adversely affecting the suds characteristic of the detergent compositions formulated therewith.
In addition, it has been found that liquid detergent compositions formulated with said surfactant system are extremely useful when the liquid detergent compositions are in direct contact with the fabrics such as during pretreatment.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention relates to liquid detergent compositions comprising a Nil-LAS surfactant system said surfactant system comprising anionic surfactants selected from the group of alkyl alkoxy sulfates and alkyl sulfates and selected quaternary ammonium surfactants present in specific weight ratio. The detergent compositions preferably comprise at least 5%, more preferably from 10% to 65% and most preferably from 15% to 40% by weight of the surfactant system as described hereinabove.
Detailed description of the Invention
The surfactant system of the detergent compositions according to the present invention comprise anionic surfactants selected from the group of alkylalkoxy sulfates and alkyl sulfates.
Alkyl alkoxylated sulfates and/or alkyl sulfates
The alkyl alkoxylated sulfate surfactants hereof are water soluble salts or acids of the formula RO(A)mS03M wherein R is an unsubstituted Cιo~c24 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having a CIQ-C24 alkyl component, preferably a Ci2~Ci8 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably Ci2~cl5 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, A is an ethoxy or propoxy unit, m is greater than zero, typically between about 0.5 and about 6, more preferably between about 0.5 and about 3, and M is H or a cation which can be, for example, a metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), ammonium or substituted-ammonium cation. Alkyl ethoxylated sulfates as well as alkyl propoxylated sulfates are contemplated herein. Specific examples of substituted ammonium cations include ethanol-, triethanol-, methyl-, dimethyl, trimethyl-ammonium cations and quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl piperidinium cations and those derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof, and the like. Exemplary surfactants are Ci2~c15 alkyl polyethoxylate (1.0) sulfate (C12-Ci5E(1.0)M) , C12-C15 alkyl polyethoxylate (2.25) sulfate (C12- 15E(2.25)M) , C12- C 5 alkyl polyethoxylate (3.0) sulfate (C12-C15E (3.0)M) , and c12-c15 alkyl polyethoxylate (4.0) sulfate (C12-C15E (4.0)M) , wherein M is conveniently selected from sodium and potassium.
The alkyl sulfate surfactants hereof are water soluble salts or acids of the formula ROSO3M wherein R preferably is a Cιo~c24 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a Cιo-cl8 alkyl component, more preferably a C]_2~ i5 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, and M is H or a cation, e.g., an alkali metal cation (e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium), or ammonium or substituted ammonium (e.g. methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammonium cations and quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl piperidinium cations and quaternary ammonium cations derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, -triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like) .
The quaternary ammonium compound
The quaternary ammonium surfactant according to the present invention has the formula (I) :
Figure imgf000007_0001
Formula I whereby Rl is a short chainlength alkyl (C6-C10) or alkylamidoalkyl of the formula (II) :
Figure imgf000007_0002
Formula II y is 2-4, preferably 3. whereby R2 is H or a C1-C3 alkyl, whereby x is 0-4, preferably 0-2, most preferably 0, whereby R3, R4 and R5 are either the same or different and can be either a short chain alkyl (C1-C3) or alkoxylated alkyl of the formula III,
whereby X~ is a counterion, preferably a halide, e.g. chloride or methylsulfate.
Figure imgf000008_0001
Formula III R6 is C1-C4 and z is 1 or 2.
Preferred quat ammonium surfactants are those as defined in formula I whereby Rl is Cg, Cio or mixtures thereof, x=o, R3, R4 = CH3 and R5 = CH2CH2OH.
Preferred quaternary ammonium surfactants have the general formula I, whereby the weight ratio of the quaternary ammonium surfactant to the alkyl alkoxy sulfates and alkyl sulfates is from 1:3 to 1:30, preferably from 1:3 to 1:15, most preferred from 1:5 to 1:10.
Detergent ingredients
In another embodiment of the present invention, a liquid detergent composition is provided comprising the surfactant system of the present invention mixed with detergent ingredients. A wide range of surfactants can be used in the detergent composition of the present invention. The detergent compositions according to the present invention comprise a surfactant system which is substantially free of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactant.
A typical listing of anionic, nonionic, ampholytic and zwitterionic classes, and species of these surfactants, is given in US Patent 3,664,961 issued to Norris on May 23, 1972.
Other suitable anionic surfactants that can be used are alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants including linear esters of c8~c20 carboxylic acids (i.e., fatty acids) which are sulfonated with gaseous SO3 according to "The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society", 52 (1975), pp. 323-329. Suitable starting materials would include natural fatty substances as derived from tallow, palm oil, etc.
The preferred alkyl ester sulfonate surfactant, especially for laundry applications, comprise alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants of the structural formula :
>3 . CH(S03M) - C(0) - OR4
wherein R3 is a Cg-C2o hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl, or combination thereof, R4 is a C^-Cg hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl, or combination thereof, and M is a cation which forms a water soluble salt with the alkyl ester sulfonate. Suitable salt-forming cations include metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, and substituted or unsubstituted ammonium cations, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine. Preferably, R3 is Cιo~c16 alkyl, and R4 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl. Especially preferred are the methyl ester sulfonates wherein R3 is Cιo~c16 alkyl.
Other anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can also be included in the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention. These can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of soap, C8-C22 primary of secondary alkanesulfonates, 8-C2 olefinsulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids prepared by sulfonation of the pyrolyzed product of alkaline earth metal citrates, e.g., as described in British patent specification No. 1,082,179, Cg- C2 alkylpolyglycolethersulfates (containing up to 10 moles of ethylene oxide) ; alkyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleoyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, alkyl succinamates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated Ci2~c18 monoesters) and diesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated Cg- C12 diesters), sulfates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulfates of alkylpolyglucoside (the nonionic nonsulfated compounds being described below) , and alkyl polyethoxy carboxylates such as those of the formula RO(CH2CH2O) \i- CH2COO-M+ wherein R is a C8-C22 alkyl, k is an integer from 0 to 10, and M is a soluble salt-forming cation. Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tall oil. Further examples are described in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch). A variety of such surfactants are also generally disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,929,678, issued December 30, 1975 to Laughlin, et al. at Column 23, line 58 through Column 29, line 23 (herein incorporated by reference) .
When included therein, the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from about 1% to about 40%, preferably from about 5% to about 25% by weight of such anionic surfactants. One class of nonionic surfactants useful in the present invention are condensates of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic moiety to provide a surfactant having an average hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) in the range from 8 to 17, preferably from 9.5 to 14, more preferably from 12 to 14. The hydrophobic (lipophilic) moiety may be aliphatic or aromatic in nature and the length of the polyoxyethylene group which is condensed with any particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.
Especially preferred nonionic surfactants of this type are the Cg-Ci5 primary alcohol ethoxylates containing 3-12 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, particularly the Ci2~ C 5 primary alcohols containing 5-8 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
Another class of nonionic surfactants comprises alkyl polyglucoside compounds of general formula
RO (CnH2nO)tZx
wherein Z is a moiety derived from glucose; R is a saturated hydrophobic alkyl group that contains from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; t is from 0 to 10 and n is 2 or 3; x is from 1.3 to 4, the compounds including less than 10% unreacted fatty alcohol and less than 50% short chain alkyl polyglucosides. Compounds of this type and their use in detergent are disclosed in EP-B 0 070 077, 0 075 996 and 0 094 118.
Very suitable as nonionic surfactants are poly hydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants of the formula
R2 - C(O) - N(R1) - Z, wherein R1 is H, or R1 is Cι_ hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl or a mixture thereof, R2 is 05-31 hydrocarbyl, and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative thereof. Preferably, R1 is methyl, R2 is a straight Cn_i5 alkyl or alkenyl chain such as coconut alkyl or mixtures thereof, and Z is derived from a reducing sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, in a reductive amination reaction.
Highly preferred nonionics are amine oxide surfactants. The compositions of the present invention may comprise amine oxide in accordance with the general formula I:
1 R (EO) (PO) (BO) N(O) (CH R' ) .qH 0 (I) x y z 2 2 2
In general, it can be seen that the structure (I) provides one long-chain moiety R (EO) (PO) (BO) and two x y z short chain moieties, CH R1. R1 is preferably selected from
2 . hydrogen, methyl and -CH2OH. In general R is a primary or branched hydrocarbyl moiety which can be saturated or unsaturated, preferably, R is a primary alkyl moiety. When x+y+z = 0, R is a hydrocarbyl moiety having chainlength of from about 8 to about 18. When x+y+z is different from 0,
1 R may be somewhat longer, having a chainlength in the range c12-c24- Tne general formula also encompasses amine oxides wherein x+y+z = 0, i = Cg-C g, R' = H and q = 0-2, preferably 2. These amine oxides are illustrated by C12-14 alkyldimethyl amine oxide,hexadecyl dimethylamine oxide, octadecylamine oxide and their hydrates, especially the dihydrates as disclosed in U.S. Patents 5,075,501 and
5,071,594, incorporated herein by reference.
The invention also encompasses amine oxides wherein x+y+z is different from zero, specifically x+y+z is from 1 about 1 to about 10, R is a primary alkyl group containing
8 to about 24 carbons, preferably from about 12 to about 16 carbon atoms; in these embodiments y + z is preferably 0 and x is preferably from about 1 to about 6, more preferably from about 2 to about 4; EO represents ethyleneoxy; PO represents propyleneoxy; and BO represents butyleneoxy. Such amine oxides can be prepared by conventional synthetic methods, e.g., by the reaction of alkylethoxysulfates with dimethylamine followed by oxidation of the ethoxylated amine with hydrogen peroxide.
Highly preferred amine oxides herein are solids at ambient temperature, more preferably they have melting- points in the range 30°C to 90°C. Amine oxides suitable for use herein are made commercially by a number of suppliers, including Akzo Chemie, Ethyl Corp., and Procter & Gamble. See McCutcheon's compilation and Kirk-Othmer review article for alternate amine oxide manufacturers. Preferred commercially available amine oxides are the solid, dihydrate ADMOX 16 and ADMOX 18, ADMOX 12 and especially ADMOX 14 from Ethyl Corp.
Preferred embodiments include hexadecyldimethylamine oxide dihydrate, dodecyldimethylamine oxide dihydrate, octadecyldimethylamine oxide dihydrate, hexadecyltris (ethyleneoxy)dimethyl-amine oxide, and tetradecyldimethyl- amine oxide dihydrate.
Whereas in certain of the preferred embodiments R' - H, there is some latitude with respect to having R' slightly larger than H. Specifically, the invention further encompasses embodiments wherein R' = CH OH, such as hexadecylbis (2- hydroxyethyl)amine oxide, tallowbis(2- hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, stearylbis (2-hydroxyethyl)amine oxide and oleylbis(2- hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, dodecyldimethylamine oxide dihydrate. Suitable nonionic surfactants include primary amines according to the formula R1R2R3 wherein Ri and R2 are both H, R3 is a C -Ci8/ preferably Cg-Ci2 alkyl chain, R3 alkyl chains may be straight or branched and may be interrupted with up to 12 ethylene oxide moieties, most preferably interrupted with up to 5 ethylene oxide moieties. Preferred amines according to the formula herein above are n-alkyl amines. Suitable amines for use herein may be selected from 1-hexylamine, 1-octylamine, lauryla ine, palmitylamine, stearylamine, oleylamine, coconutalkyla ine, tallowalkyl- amine.
Other suitable primary amines include amines according to the formula R1R2R3 wherein Ri and R2 are both H ; R3 is R4X(CH2)n x is -0-,-C(0)NH- or -NH-; R4 is a C4-C18, preferably C -Ci2 alkyl chain and R4 may be branched or straight, n is between 1 to 5. Preferred amines according to the formula herein above 3-isopropoxypropylamine, 3- (2- methoxyethoxy)-propylamine and 2- (2-aminoethoxy) -ethanol, c8~c10 octyl oxy propylamine, 2-ethylhexyloxypropylamine, lauryl amido propylamine and coco amido propylamine.
Suitable tertiary amines for use herein include amines tertiary amines having the formula R1R2R3N wherein neither Rl nor R2 is H, Rl and R2 are Cι~Cg alkylchains or
Figure imgf000014_0001
whereby n is between 2 to 4 and x is between 1 to 6;
R3 is either a C4-C18, preferably C -Ci2 alkyl chain, or R3 is R4X(CH2)n/ whereby X is -0-, -C(0)NH- or -NH-;R4 is a C4-
Ci8 n is between 1 to 5, and R5 is H or C1-C2 alkyl.
R3, R4 are preferably C -Ci2 alkyl chains and may be straight or branched ; R3 alkyl chains may be interrupted with up to 12 ethylene oxide moieties, most preferably interrupted with up to 5 ethylene oxide moieties. Suitable tertiary amines for use herein include coconutalkyldimethylamine, dimethyloleylamine, hexa- decyltris (ethyleneoxy)dimethylamine,tallowalkylbis (2- hydroxyethyl)amine, stearoylbis (2-hydroxyethyl) amine and oleoylbis (2-hydroxyethyl)amine.
Of all of the foregoing amines the preferred materials are the trialkyl amines marketed under the tradename ADOGEN, the long chain alkyldimethyl amines marketed under the tradename ARMEEN and the ethoxylated amines marketed under the tradename ETHOMEEN. The most preferred amines for use in the compositions herein are 1-hexylamine, 1-octylamine, 1- decyla ine, 1-dodecylamine. Especially desirable for odor characteristics are n-dodecyl-dimethylamine (ARMEEN DM12D) and bishydroxyethyl-coconutalkylamine (ETHOMEEN C/12, BEROL 3O7)and oleylamine 7 times ethoxylated(BEROL 28), lauryl amido propylamine and coco amido propylamine.
Other suitable amines include tertiary amines having the formula
Figure imgf000015_0001
wherein Ri is C -C10, preferably Cg-Cio alkyl; n is 2-4, preferably n is 3; R2 is C1-C4 or
R3 I (CH2-CH-0)XH, whereby x is 1-5, R3 is H or Cι-C2 alkyl.
When included therein, the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise nonionic surfactants in the weight ratio of anionic surfactant to nonionic surfactant from 6:1 to 1:3, preferably from 5:1 to 2:1. When included therein, the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise nonionic surfactants in the weight ratio of anionic surfactant to nonionic surfactant from 6:1 to 1:3, preferably from 5:1 to
2:1.
The compositions according to the present invention may further comprise a builder system. Any conventional builder system is suitable for use herein including aluminosilicate materials, silicates, polycarboxylates and fatty acids, materials such as ethylenediamine tetra-acetate, metal ion sequestrants such as aminopoly-phosphonates, particularly ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid and diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid. Though less preferred for obvious environmental reasons, phosphate builders can also be used herein.
Suitable polycarboxylates builders for use herein include citric acid, preferably in the form of a water- soluble salt, derivatives of succinic acid of the formula R- CH(COOH)CH2 (COOH) wherein R is C10-20 alkyl or alkenyl, preferably C12-16, or wherein R can be substituted with hydroxyl, sulfo sulfoxyl or sulfone substituents. Specific examples include lauryl succinate , myristyl succinate, palmityl succinate 2-dodecenylsuccinate, 2-tetradecenyl succinate. Succinate builders are preferably used in the form of their water-soluble salts, including sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts.
Other suitable polycarboxylates are oxodisuccinates and mixtures of tartrate monosuccinic and tartrate disuccinic acid such as described in US 4,663,071.
Especially for the liquid execution herein, suitable fatty acid builders for use herein are saturated or unsaturated C10-18 fatty acids, as well as the corresponding soaps. Preferred saturated species have from 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. The preferred unsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid. Other preferred builder system for liquid compositions is based on dodecenyl succinic acid and citric acid.
Detergency builders are normally included in amounts of from 3% to 50% by weight of the composition preferably from 5% to 30% and most usually from 5% to 25% by weight.
Optional detergent ingredients :
Preferred detergent compositions of the present invention may further comprise one or more enzymes which provide cleaning performance and/or fabric care benefits. Said enzymes include enzymes selected from cellulases, he icellulases, peroxidases, proteases, gluco-amylases, amylases, lipases, cutinases, pectinases, xylanases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, β-glucanases, arabinosidases or mixtures thereof.
A preferred combination is a detergent composition having a cocktail of conventional applicable enzymes like protease, amylase, lipase, cutinase and/or cellulase in conjunction with the lipolytic enzyme variant D96L at a level of from 50 LU to 8500 LU per liter wash solution.
The cellulases usable in the present invention include both bacterial or fungal cellulase. Preferably, they will have a pH optimum of between 5 and 9.5. Suitable cellulases are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,435,307, Barbesgoard et al, which discloses fungal cellulase produced from Humicola insolens. Suitable cellulases are also disclosed in GB-A- 2.075.028; GB-A-2.095.275 and DE-OS-2.247.832.
Examples of such cellulases are cellulases produced by a strain of Humicola insolens (Humicola grisea var. thermoidea), particularly the Humicola strain DSM 1800. Other suitable cellulases are cellulases originated from Humicola insolens having a molecular weight of about 50KDa, an isoelectric point of 5.5 and containing 415 amino acids. Especially suitable cellulases are the cellulases having color care benefits. Examples of such cellulases are cellulases described in European patent application No. 91202879.2, filed November 6, 1991 (Novo) .
Peroxidase enzymes are used in combination with oxygen sources, e.g. percarbonate, perborate, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, etc. They are used for "solution bleaching", i.e. to prevent transfer of dyes or pigments removed from substrates during wash operations to other substrates in the wash solution. Peroxidase enzymes are known in the art, and include, for example, horseradish peroxidase, ligninase, and haloperoxidase such as chloro- and bromo-peroxidase. 'Peroxidase-containing detergent compositions are disclosed, for example, in PCT International Application WO 89/099813 and in European Patent application EP No. 91202882.6, filed on November 6, 1991.
Said cellulases and/or peroxidases are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001% to 2% of active enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
Preferred commercially available protease enzymes include those sold under the tradenames Alcalase, Savinase, Primase, Durazym, and Esperase by Novo Nordisk A/S (Denmark) , those sold under the tradename Maxatase, Maxacal and Maxapem by Gist-Brocades, those sold by Genencor International, and those sold under the tradename Opticlean and Optimase by Solvay Enzymes. Also proteases described in our co-pending application USSN 08/136,797 can be included in the detergent composition of the invention. Protease enzyme may be incorporated into the compositions in accordance with the invention at a level of from 0.0001% to 2% active enzyme by weight of the composition. A preferred protease herein referred to as "Protease D" is a carbonyl hydrolase variant having an amino acid sequence not found in nature, which is derived from a precursor carbonyl hydrolase by substituting a different amino acid for the amino acid residue at a position in said carbonyl hydrolase equivalent to position +76, preferably also in combination with one or more amino acid residue positions equivalent to those selected from the group consisting of +99, +101, +103, +104, +107, +123, +27, +105, +109, +126, +128, +135, +156, +166, +195, +197, +204, +206, +210, +216, +217, +218, +222, +260, +265, and/or +274 according to the numbering of Bacill us amyl oliquefaci ens subtilisin, as described in the concurrently filed patent application of A. Baeck et al. entitled "Protease-Containing Cleaning Compositions" having U.S. Serial No. 08/322,676, filed October 13, 1994, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Highly preferred enzymes that can be included in the detergent compositions of the present invention include lipases. It has been found that the cleaning performance on greasy soils is synergistically improved by using lipases. Suitable lipase enzymes include those produced by microorganisms of the Pseudomonas group, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as disclosed in British Patent 1,372,034. Suitable lipases include those which show a positive immunological cross-reaction with the antibody of the lipase, produced by the microorganism Pseudomonas fl uorescens IAM 1057. This lipase is available from Amano Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, under the trade name Lipase P "Amano," hereinafter referred to as "Amano-P". Further suitable lipases are lipases such as Ml LipaseR and Lipomax^ (Gist-Brocades) . Highly preferred lipases are the D96L lipolytic enzyme variant of the native lipase derived from Humicola lanuginosa as described in US Serial No. 08/341,826. Preferably the Humicola lanuginosa strain DSM 4106 is used. This enzyme is incorporated into the composition in accordance with the invention at a level of from 50 LU to 8500 LU per liter wash solution. Preferably the variant D96L is present at a level of from 100 LU to 7500 LU per liter of wash solution. More preferably at a level of from 150 LU to 5000 LU per liter of wash solution.
By D96L lipolytic enzyme variant is meant the lipase variant as described in patent application WO 92/05249 viz. wherein the native lipase ex Humicola lanuginosa aspartic acid (D) residue at position 96 is changed to Leucine (L) . According to this nomenclature said substitution of aspartic acid to Leucine in position 96 is shown as : D96L.
Also suitable are cutinases [EC 3.1.1.50] which can be considered as a special kind of lipase, namely lipases which
'do not require interfacial activation. Addition of cutinases to detergent compositions have been described in e.g. WO-A-
88/09367 (Genencor) .
The lipases and/or cutinases are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001% to 2% of active enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
Amylases (& and/or β) can be included for removal of carbohydrate-based stains. Suitable amylases are Termamyl^ (Novo Nordisk) , FungamylR and BANR (Novo Nordisk) .
The above-mentioned enzymes may be of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin.
Said enzymes are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001% to 2% of active enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
Other suitable detergent ingredients that can be added are enzyme oxidation scavengers which are described in Copending European Patent application 92870018.6 filed on January 31, 1992. Examples of such enzyme oxidation scavengers are ethoxylated tetraethylene polyamines. Other components used in detergent compositions may be employed, such as soil-suspending agents, soil-release polymers, abrasives, bactericides, tarnish inhibitors, coloring agents, foam control agents, corrosion inhibitors and perfumes.
Preferably, the liquid compositions according to the present invention are in "concentrated form"; in such case, the liquid detergent compositions according to the present invention will contain a lower amount of water, compared to conventional liquid detergents. The level of water is less than 50%, preferably less than 30% by weight of the detergent compositons.
Said concentrated products provide advantages to the consumer, who has a product which can be used in lower amounts and to the producer, who has lower shipping costs.
The liquid compositions are especially effective when applied directly to soils and stains in a pretreatment step.
The detergent compositions of the present invention can also be used as detergent additive products. Such additive products are intended to supplement or boost the performance of conventional detergent compositions.
The detergent compositions according to the present invention include compositions which are to be used for cleaning of substrates, such as fabrics, fibers, hard surfaces, skin etc., for example hard surface cleaning compositions (with or without abrasives), laundry detergent compositions, automatic and non-automatic dishwashing compositions.
The following examples are meant to exemplify compositions of the present inventions, but are not necessarily meant to limit the scope of the invention. EXAMPLE I
The following liquid detergent compositions are made
% by weight of the detergent compositions
B 12~c15 alkyl ethoxyplated 2 8 1] 5 sulfate
Cg-Cio hydroxyethyl dimethyl 2 2 2 1 quat c12~c14 alkyldimethyl amine - - - 2 oxide c12_c15 alkyl sulfate 11 1 12 7 8 c12~c14 N-methyl glucamide 5 4 4 3 c12-c14 fatty alcohol ethoxylate 6 1 1 1 c12-c18 fatty acid 11 4 4 3
Citric acid anhydrous 1 3 3 2
Diethylene triamine penta 1 1 1 0.5 methylene phosponic acid
Monoethanolamine 8 5 5 2
Sodium hydroxide 1 2.5 1 1.5
Propanediol 14 1.5 13.1 IC ).0 8
Ethanol 1. 8 4.7 5. 4 1
Amylase (300KNU/g) 0. 1 0.1 0. 1 0.1
Lipase D96/L (lOOKNU/g) 0. 15 0.15 0. 15 0.15
Protease (35g/l) 0. 5 0.5 0. 5 0.5)
Endo-A (5000 CEVU/g) 0. 05 0.05 0. 05 0.5
Carezyme (5000 CEVU/g) 0. 09 0.09 0. 09 0.9
Terephthalate-based polymer 0. 5 - 0. 3 0.3
Boric acid 2. 4 2.8 2. 8 2.4
Sodium xylene sulfonate - 3 - -
DC 3225C 0. 04 0.04 0. 03 0.03
2-butyl-octanol 1 1 1 1
Branched silicone 0. 3 0.3 0. 3 0.3 Water & minors Up to 100%
The above liquid detergent compositions (A-D) are found to be very efficient in the removal of greasy/oily soils under various usage conditions while having a controlled suds profile.

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A liquid laundry detergent composition comprising a Nil- Las surfactant system said surfactant system comprising i) anionic surfactants selected from the group of alkyl alkoxy sulfates and alkyl sulfates, ii)a quaternary ammonium surfactant having the formula
Figure imgf000024_0001
Formula I
whereby Rl is a short chainlength alkyl (C6-C10) or alkylamidoalkyl of the formula (II) :
Figure imgf000024_0002
Formula I I
y is 2-4, preferably 3. whereby R2 is H or a C1-C3 alkyl, whereby x is 0-4, preferably 0-2, most preferably 0, whereby R3, R4 and R5 are either the same or different and can be either a short chain alkyl (C1-C3) or alkoxylated alkyl of the formula III,
whereby X~ is a counterion, preferably a halide, e.g. chloride or methylsulfate.
Figure imgf000024_0003
Formula III R6 is C1-C4 and z is 1 or 2, characterized in that the weight ratio of the quaternary ammonium compound to the alkyl alkoxy sulfates and alkyl sulfates is from 1:3 to 1:30, preferably from 1:3 to 1:15, most preferred from 1:5 to 1:10.
2. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1 having a quaternary ammonium surfactant as defined in claim 1 wherein
Rl is Cg, Cio or mixtures thereof, x=o, R3, R4 = CH3 and R5 = CH2CH2OH.
3. A liquid detergent composition according to Claim 1-2 wherein the anionic surfactants are selected from the alkyl ethoxylated sulfate and C12-C15 alkyl sulfate.
4. A liquid detergent composition according to claims 1-3 further comprising a lipolytic enzyme.
5. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 4 wherein said lipolytic enzyme is D96L lipolytic enzyme.
6. A liquid detergent composition according to Claims 1-5 further comprising a nonionic surfactant selected from the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides and/or amine oxides.
7. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 6 wherein said amine oxide is Ci2_Ci alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
8. A liquid detergent composition according to Claims 1-7 further comprising other surfactants, builders, enzymes and other conventional detergent ingredients.
9. Use of a liquid detergent composition according to Claims 1-8 for pretreatment of fabrics.
PCT/US1995/012470 1995-09-29 1995-09-29 Liquid laundry detergents containing selected quaternary ammonium compounds WO1997012018A1 (en)

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PCT/US1995/012470 WO1997012018A1 (en) 1995-09-29 1995-09-29 Liquid laundry detergents containing selected quaternary ammonium compounds
AU38241/95A AU3824195A (en) 1995-09-29 1995-09-29 Liquid laundry detergents containing selected quaternary ammonium compounds
BR9510648A BR9510648A (en) 1995-09-29 1995-09-29 Liquid laundry detergents containing selected quaternary ammonium compounds
JP9513372A JPH11512761A (en) 1995-09-29 1995-09-29 Liquid laundry detergent containing selected quaternary ammonium compounds
US09/043,984 US6017874A (en) 1995-09-29 1995-09-29 Liquid laundry detergents containing selected quaternary ammonium compounds
EP95936211A EP0873387A1 (en) 1995-09-29 1995-09-29 Liquid laundry detergents containing selected quaternary ammonium compounds

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EP2423180A1 (en) 2002-12-04 2012-02-29 Clariant Finance (BV) Limited Quaternary ammonium composition
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WO2020234597A1 (en) 2019-05-22 2020-11-26 Reckitt Benckiser Llc Detergent formulations having enhanced germ removal efficacy

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CN103289828B (en) * 2013-06-08 2014-07-23 惠州市维尔康精密部件有限公司 Ultrasonic cleaning agent and ultrasonic cleaning method
WO2020182521A1 (en) 2019-03-08 2020-09-17 Basf Se Cationic surfactant and its use in laundry detergent compositions
WO2020234597A1 (en) 2019-05-22 2020-11-26 Reckitt Benckiser Llc Detergent formulations having enhanced germ removal efficacy

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