WO1997010355A1 - Process for producing optically active acid amide - Google Patents
Process for producing optically active acid amide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997010355A1 WO1997010355A1 PCT/JP1995/001823 JP9501823W WO9710355A1 WO 1997010355 A1 WO1997010355 A1 WO 1997010355A1 JP 9501823 W JP9501823 W JP 9501823W WO 9710355 A1 WO9710355 A1 WO 9710355A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ferm
- group
- rhodococcus
- compound
- nitrile
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 58
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- -1 nitrile compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000316848 Rhodococcus <scale insect> Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000187562 Rhodococcus sp. Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 108010024026 Nitrile hydratase Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001524110 Dietzia maris Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000186249 Corynebacterium sp. Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 45
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 27
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 23
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
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- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 20
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 18
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- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 15
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 12
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 6
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- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000012024 dehydrating agents Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 description 4
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010033272 Nitrilase Proteins 0.000 description 4
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- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- AWZQYZNWDPTGOT-CYBMUJFWSA-N (2s)-2-cyclohexyl-2-phenylacetamide Chemical compound C1([C@H](C(=O)N)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 AWZQYZNWDPTGOT-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/02—Amides, e.g. chloramphenicol or polyamides; Imides or polyimides; Urethanes, i.e. compounds comprising N-C=O structural element or polyurethanes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an acid amide compound having a high optical purity from a racemate or a corresponding nitrile compound having a low optical purity by using a living organism or a processed product thereof. More specifically, it is useful as an intermediate for producing a drug substance such as a drug for treating arrhythmia or a drug for treating arteriosclerosis, and as an intermediate for producing an amine having high optical purity which is important as an optical resolving agent.
- Useful acid amide compounds with high optical purity use specific microorganisms that have nitrile hydratase activity, but have very low nitrilase and amidase activities and very low racemase activity, or processed products thereof. Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method for producing from a racemate or a corresponding nitrile compound having low optical purity. Further, the present invention relates to a novel microorganism useful for the above method.
- Methods for producing an optically active acid amide include a method using an optically active resolving agent, a method using asymmetric synthesis, and a method for treating an organism or a processed product thereof (crushed bacterial cells, crude or purified enzyme active substances). Etc.) are known.
- the method using an optically active resolving agent is relatively expensive since the optical resolving agent used is relatively expensive, and the method used several times to obtain an optical purity of 98% ee or more generally required for pharmaceuticals.
- the asymmetric synthesis method is disadvantageous in that the steps are complicated and many steps must be performed, and the yield and optical purity are low.
- Racemic 2-aryl alkane nitriles are acted on by microorganisms acting on Pseudomonas ⁇ , celiacia ⁇ or moraxella ⁇ to produce an optically active amide having a hydroxyl group or a lower alkyl at the ⁇ -position.
- Production method PC International Publication W092 / 052755): This method has low amide generation activity of all microorganisms used, and the nitrile concentration used in the reaction is about 0. It is industrially disadvantageous in that it is as low as 2 to 0.8%.
- the optical purity of the generated optically active amide is extremely low, about 30% e.e., and its industrial value as an optically active amide is low.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on a method for producing an acid amide using a microorganism or a processed product thereof, which has a high acid amide generation rate and high optical purity.
- the racemic or low-purity L-butyryl compound represented by the following general formula (I) can be converted into the optically pure diacid amide compound represented by the following general formula (II)
- the nitrilase activity to convert nitril to the corresponding carboxylic acid and the amidase activity to convert the generated acid amide to the corresponding carboxylic acid are extremely weak.
- these microorganisms can convert even a high nitrile concentration into an acid amide, and can provide a high acid amide production rate and a high optical purity.
- microorganisms convert only one optical isomer of the nitrile compound to the acid amide and not the other, but the recovery and re-racemization of the other optically active nitrile compound is not possible. It is industrially advantageous because it is easy and can be reused as a starting material.
- a racemic or nitrile compound having a low optical purity represented by the following general formula (I) can be converted into an acid amide having a high optical purity represented by the following general formula ( ⁇ ) the compound was Kotogawa or ⁇ efficiently be produced '0
- Corynebacterium sp. A68 (FERM BP— 5215), Rhodococcus sp KPO-2028 (FERM BP— 5216), Rhodococcus sp. PP-25 (FERM BP— 5217), Rhodococcus sp. PP-121 (FERM) BP-5218), Rhodococcus 'Maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219), Bacillus' subtilis PP-116-15 (FERM BP-5220), Brevibacterium sp PP-133-7 (FERM BP- 52 21),
- the present invention provides a novel microorganism, Rhodococcus maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219), which is particularly useful in performing the above method.
- R 2 represents water purple or a ⁇ ( ⁇ alkyl group.
- R 2 is a CC * alkyl group, the group may be present in any of the ortho, meta and para positions.
- the ⁇ C beta alkyl group represents a straight ⁇ or branched ⁇ alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, e.g., methyl, Echiru, .eta. propyl, Isoburopiru, .eta. butyl, t- butyl group , Isobutyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, and ⁇ -hexyl group.
- a (: 4 alkyl group represents a directly-sold or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 coal atoms.
- 1-3 pieces of Fuyuniru groups S substitution has been C, and -C 3 alkyl group represents methyl substituted with 1-3 Fuyuniru group, Echiru, a n- propyl or isopropyl group, such as benzyl And benzhydrinole, trityl, phenethyl, and vinyl group.
- the C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group a cycloalkyl group from 3 to eight carbon atoms, i.e., Shikurobu port pills, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, key sill cyclohexane, butyl or Shikurookuchiru group cyclohexylene.
- the nitrile compound of the general formula (I) wherein R 2 is water purple is converted.
- R 1 is ( ⁇ 4 alkyl group, methyl or ethyl group substituted with 1 or 2 phenyl groups, or C S -C 7 cycloalkyl group
- R 2 is hydrogen
- ( ⁇ to (: 4 alkyl groups are as defined above, and C 5 to C 7 cycloalkyl groups are cyclopentyl and cycloalkyl) Represents a hexyl or cycloheptyl group.
- R 1 is ( ⁇ to (: 4 alkyl group, benzyl group, benzhydryl group, or C 5 to C 7 cycloalkyl group
- R 2 is hydrogen
- the nitrile compound of general formula (I) is converted to the corresponding acid amide according to the method of the present invention.
- R 1 is The nitrile compound represented by the above general formula (I), which is an alkyl group and R 2 is hydrogen, is converted into a corresponding acid amide according to the method of the present invention.
- the nitrile compound of the above general formula (I) wherein R 1 is an isopropyl or t-butyl group and R 2 is hydrogen is converted to the corresponding acid amide according to the method of the present invention. Convert to
- the nitrile compound represented by the above general formula (I), which is a starting material in the method of the present invention, can be obtained, for example, from Journal of American Chemical Society (J. Am. Chen. So), Vol. 79 Pp. 3467-3469 (1957); JP-A-51-77044; JP-A-51-122636; Synthesis. (1986) and the like. In addition, starting materials available from commercial products may be purchased and used.
- the optical purity is low in one of the (S) -form or the (R) -form. Mixtures can also be used.
- the acid amide represented by the general formula (II) having high optical purity produced by the method of the present invention is an amine having high optical purity which is important as an intermediate for producing a pharmaceutical substance or as an optical resolving agent.
- Useful as an intermediate for the production of Representative examples of these acid amides ( ⁇ ) include, for example, (R) -body or (S) -body, or (+)-body or (one) -body:
- the present invention relates to a method for converting an optically inactive nitrile into a corresponding optically active acid amide by utilizing a microorganism or a processed product thereof. is important.
- nitril is converted to an acid amide by using any of these strains or a processed product thereof.
- the treated product is preferably used in the method of the present invention.
- the processed product is used in the method of the present invention.
- Maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219), or
- the processed product is used in the method of the present invention.
- Rhodococcus' maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219) or a processed product thereof is used in the method of the present invention.
- mutants obtained by treating these strains with a known mutagen such as N-methyl- ⁇ '-nitronitrosoguanidine (NTG) or gene engineering can be used.
- NTG N-methyl- ⁇ '-nitronitrosoguanidine
- Strains modified by a genetic method can also be used in the method of the present invention.
- Corynepacterium 'SP68 (FERM BP-5215) is a known strain described in JP-A-3-19695 (for the mycological K, refer to the same publication). This strain was introduced in 1988 On August 22, he was originally deposited with the National Institute of Biotechnology and Industrial Technology, and was transferred to the International Depositary on September 1, 1995, and was assigned the indicated accession number.
- Rhodococcus sp. KP0-2028 (FERM BP-5216), Rhodococcus sp. PP-25 (FERM BP-5217), Rhodococcus sp.
- PP-121 (FERM BP-5218), Rhodococcus maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219), Bacillus subtilis PP-116-15 (FERM BP-5220), and Brevibacterium 'SP PP-133-7 (FERM BP-5221) are all new. This is a new strain isolated as nitrile bacteria from soil. All of these strains were originally deposited on November 2, 1993 at the Institute of Life Science and Industrial Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and transferred to an international deposit on September 1, 1995, and given the respective accession numbers. Have been.
- Rhodococcus' SP KPO-2028 (FERM BP-5216) Cell shape
- Rhodococcus' Maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219) cell shape; rod-like
- the microorganism used in the method of the present invention is cultured. Cultivation of the microorganism can be performed according to a known method.
- the medium used may be a medium containing the usual nutrients for the usual microorganisms, ie coal, nitrogen, mineral nutrients and the like.
- a carbon source glucose, glycerin, ethanol, sucrose, glutamic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid and the like can be used.
- an inorganic nitrogen source such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonia, urea, or an organic nitrogen source such as bran extract, malt extract, peptone, meat extract, etc. can be used. .
- Phosphoric acid, magnesium, potassium, iron, cobalt, manganese, lanthanum and the like can be used as inorganic nutrients. These nutrient sources may be used in appropriate combination. Further, as a substance for increasing the reaction activity of the microorganism, a cyano compound such as acetonitrile and isobutyronitrile and an amide compound such as cabrolactam may be added.
- the pH of the medium may be in the range of 5-10, preferably in the range of 6-8.
- the culture temperature is from 18 to 50 ° C, preferably from 25 to 40 ° C.
- the culturing time varies depending on the culturing conditions, but is usually 1 to 4 days, and culturing may be performed until the activity is maximized.
- the above-mentioned processed microorganism is a nitrile hydratase activity capable of optically selectively hydrating a nitrile group of a racemic or nitrile compound (I) having a low optical purity. If it has the property, it means that it may be in any form. Its form differs depending on whether the enzyme activity is mainly present in the cells or extracellularly.
- the enzyme activity is present in the cells, the culture of the above microorganism, the cells collected therefrom, the treated cells (eg, the crushed cells, the separation / extraction from these cells) Enzymatically active substances at various purification stages), the cells immobilized on a carrier by a known appropriate method, or the treated cells.
- the activity is present outside the cells, the culture of the microorganism, the culture broth, the enzymatic active separated and extracted from the culture broth, or immobilized on a carrier by a known suitable method Refers to the activated enzyme and the like.
- the enzyme active substance can be isolated and purified from the microorganism using a known enzyme purification means.
- the enzyme is an intracellular enzyme
- the cells are collected by, for example, centrifugation of a microorganism culture, and the cells are disrupted by mechanical means such as ultrasonic treatment or a dyno mill.
- a crude enzyme solution is obtained by removing solid matter such as cell debris by centrifugation or the like, and the crude enzyme solution is subjected to ultracentrifugation separation, salting out, organic solvent precipitation, adsorption chromatography, Purify by ion-exchange chromatography, gel chromatography, reverse-phase chromatography, etc.
- a stabilizer for preventing inactivation of the enzyme during the enzyme purification a commonly used stabilizer or about 1 to 10 O mM of isobutylamide may be added.
- the microorganism obtained as described above or a treated product thereof is usually mixed with a suitable reaction medium in a suitable reaction medium. It may be brought into contact with racemate or nitrile (I) having low optical purity under the conditions.
- Suitable reaction media include water, aqueous media such as buffers or hair fluids, water Mixed medium of a water-soluble organic solvent and a water-soluble organic solvent such as methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide or acetone, and a two-phase medium comprising an aqueous medium and a water-insoluble organic solvent such as hexane, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether or toluene (Including water-insoluble solvents saturated with water).
- a suitable surfactant may be added to the reaction medium in an amount of about 0.01 to 2%.
- Racemic or nitrile (I) of low optical purity may be added to the reaction medium in powder or liquid form or dissolved in a suitable solvent.
- concentration of nitrile (I) added to the reaction solution is about 0.01 to 70% by weight, preferably about 1,0 to 50% by weight.
- Nitril (I) need not be completely dissolved in the reaction medium.
- the concentration of the microorganism or the processed product used in the above reaction varies depending on the degree of nitrile hydratase activity.
- concentration of the cells in the reaction solution may be generally in the range of 0.05 to 20% by weight.
- the treated product is added in such an amount that an activity equivalent to that in the case of using a microbial cell is obtained.
- the reaction temperature may be about 5-60 ° (preferably, about 15-50 ° C.)
- the reaction pH may be about 4-11, preferably about 7-10.
- the reaction time varies depending on the reaction conditions, but is usually in the range of 100 to 100 hours.
- the progress of the reaction is monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), etc., and the optical activity generated
- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
- the reaction is preferably terminated when the optical purity of the acid amide ( ⁇ ) is higher than the desired optical purity, preferably at least 80% ee, particularly preferably at least 90% ee.
- a new nitrile (I) may be added to the reaction solution so that the nitrile (I) concentration is maintained within the above range
- the optically active acid amide ( ⁇ ) can be isolated from the reaction mixture by various methods, for example, hexane or azo acid And a method of separation by chromatography on a silica gel column. If the generated optically active acid amide ( ⁇ ) has low solubility in the reaction medium, crystals precipitate during the reaction, and this can be recovered by centrifugation or the like.
- the optical purity can be increased by the operation of preferential crystallization.
- the enzyme nitrile hydratase of the microorganism used in the present method selectively acts on only one isomer of racemic nitrile (I) to generate an optically active acid amide ( ⁇ ). It is based on that.
- these microorganisms have extremely low nitrilase activity of converting nitrile to acid and amidase activity of converting acid amide to acid, optically active acid amide ( ⁇ ) can be obtained without generation of acid.
- the racemase activity of converting an optically active acid amide ( ⁇ ) into a racemate is extremely low, the acid amide ( ⁇ ) can be recovered without lowering the optical purity.
- an optically active acid amide ( ⁇ ) When an optically active acid amide ( ⁇ ) is produced by the method of the present invention, an unconverted optically active nitrile compound remains. It can be recovered by simple operations such as extraction, centrifugation, and column separation. The recovered optically active nitrile compound itself can be converted into an optically active amine or optically active carboxylic acid which is useful as a pharmaceutical or an optical resolving agent and used. Further, the recovered optically active nitrile compound can be easily racemized by treating it with, for example, ammonia or sodium hydroxide in a solvent such as methanol. This racemic nitrile compound (I) can be reused in the method of the present invention. Therefore, if the purpose is to produce only the optically active acid amide ( ⁇ ), the desired optically active acid amide ( ⁇ ) can be produced in high yield. Can be
- the first example is that an optically active acid amide (D) is hydrogenated under acidic conditions.
- the desired optically active amine (III) is obtained by performing steric retention reduction with sodium borohydride.
- This a reaction is carried out in an inert solvent.
- an aprotic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), diglyme, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), or 1,4-dioxane is preferable.
- Examples of the acid used in the primary reaction include, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid; organic acids such as sulfuric acid, P-toluenesulfonic acid, and methanesulfonic acid; Ether complex, Al chloride Emit Lewis acids such as titanium tetrachloride.
- chloroic acid which provides a high yield and is easy to handle, is a preferred solvent.
- Use of acid :! Is about 1 to 20 molar equivalents, preferably about 3 to 10 molar equivalents, based on the optically active acid amide ( ⁇ ).
- the amount of sodium borohydride used is about 1 to 20 mole equivalents, preferably about 3 to 10 mole equivalents, based on the acid amide ( ⁇ ).
- the reaction is usually carried out at a temperature of about 20 to 200 ° C, preferably at a temperature of about 50 to 180 ° C to control side reactions.
- the optically active amine (m) obtained by this general reaction can be recovered from the reaction solution, for example, as follows. That is, the reaction solution is made strongly acidic with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution or the like, and this solution is washed with a water-immiscible organic solvent such as dichloromethane or chloroform. Next, the aqueous layer is made strongly alkaline, and extracted with a water-immiscible organic solvent such as dichloromethane and chloroform, and the solvent of the extract is distilled off to obtain an optically active amine (m).
- the desired optical activity is obtained by dehydrating the optically active acid amide ( ⁇ ) while maintaining the steric state and hydrogenating the obtained optically active nitrile (IV) while maintaining the steric state.
- This is a method to obtain a good amine (m).
- the steric retention dehydration reaction of an optically active acid amide ( ⁇ ) is carried out by treating with a dehydrating agent in an inert solvent.
- Examples of the dehydrating agent to be used include a dehydrating agent such as thionyl chloride, anhydrous dianhydride and diphosphorus pentoxide, and an azeotropic dehydrating agent such as sulfuric acid and P-toluenesulfonic acid.
- thionyl chloride which provides a high yield and can control racemization, is a preferred dehydrating agent.
- the amount of thionyl chloride to be used is about 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably about 1 to 3 equivalents, relative to the optically active acid amide ( ⁇ ). This reaction can be carried out at a temperature of about 50-150 ° C, In order to control the temperature, it is preferable to carry out at a temperature of about 70 to 100.
- Examples of the inert solvent include ethyl acetate and toluene.
- the optically active nitrile (IV) obtained by this dehydration reaction is recovered from the reaction solution by washing the reaction solution with a weak alkaline aqueous solution, water, or a saline solution, and then distilling off the solvent. be able to.
- the steric retention hydrogenation of the thus obtained optically active nitrile (IV) is carried out by hydrogenation in an inert solvent in the presence of a catalyst.
- a catalyst As the source catalyst, a homogeneous catalyst or a heterogeneous catalyst can be used.
- Raney nickel is preferably used as a heterogeneous catalyst which can be added in a simple and high yield with water purple.
- the amount of the catalyst used is about 1 to 50% (wtZwt ratio), preferably about 10 to 30% Ot / wt ratio, based on the optically active nitrile (IV).
- inert solvent examples include alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, and ether solvents such as diglyme, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,4-dioxane.
- alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol
- ether solvents such as diglyme, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,4-dioxane.
- ethanol or isobrovanol are preferred solvents.
- the hydrogenation is preferably carried out at room temperature to 120, preferably at room temperature to 80.
- the hydrogen pressure may be between 1 and 100 kgZcm 2 'G, preferably between 5 and 800 kgZcm 2 ' G.
- aqueous ammonia to the reaction solution in order to suppress the generation of by-products such as dialkylamine.
- the amount of ammonia to be added may be about 0.01 to 1.0 molar equivalent relative to the optically active nitrile (IV), and about 0.1 to 0.5 to suppress racemization. It is preferably a molar equivalent.
- the obtained optically active amine (II) can be recovered from the reaction solution in the same manner as described above.
- the optical purity of the starting materials, intermediate products and target products is determined, for example, by Chiral Cell 0D-R, Chiral Cell 0J, Chiral AGP, Crown Pack (CBOfNPAK) CR (Daicel Chemical Industries) , Ceramosper Chiral RU-1 ( ⁇ seido), Sumichiral (SUMICHIBAL) 0 A (Sumitomo Chemical Analysis Center), Opti-pak TA (Waters), etc. It can be measured by the HP LC analysis used.
- the percentages in the following examples represent weight Z capacity O / v)% unless otherwise specified.
- the production rate and optical purity of the optically active acid amide were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The yield was calculated based on the total amount of nitrile (racemic) used in the reaction (therefore, the maximum value was 50%). Optical purity was indicated by the enantiomeric excess.
- the culture was centrifuged to collect the cells, and the cells were dissolved in 40 ml of a 0.01 M phosphate solution (pH 7.5). Then, 20 g of oily 2-fu: L 2-loo 3-methylbutyronitrile was added, 35. The reaction was carried out for 40 hours while stirring with C. When a part of the reaction solution was analyzed under the following HPLC analysis conditions, the yield of 2-fluoro-3-methylbutylamide was 34%, and the optical purity of the S-isomer was 92.0% ee. . No production of 2-phenyl-3-methylbutyric acid was observed.
- Retention time 3.9 minutes for S-form, 5.0 minutes for R-form.
- the other organisms listed in Table 1 below were allowed to act on 2-fluoro-3-methylbutyronitrile in the same manner as described above.
- Table 1 shows the production rate and optical purity of 2-phenyl-3-methylbutylamide measured by HP LC.
- Rhodococcus * Maris BP-479-9 strain (FERM BP-5219) was cultured under the same culture conditions as in Example 1. Then, the cells were collected by centrifugation, washed, and suspended in 10 ml of distilled water. To this, 10 Otng of 2-cyclohexyl-2-phenylacetonitrile was added and reacted at 30 for 24 hours. Analysis by HPLC revealed that (S) -2-cyclohexyl-2-phenylacetamide was produced at a production rate of 18%, and the optical purity of the S-isomer was 8 l% e.e. Incidentally, 2-cyclohexyl-2-phenylacetic acid was not produced.
- Retention time S body 9.5 minutes, R body 12.0 minutes
- the cells were collected by centrifugation, and the cells were suspended in a mixed solution of 90 ml of 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) and 10 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Next, 0.1 lg of 2,3,3-triphenylpropionitrile was added, and the mixture was reacted at 30 parts for 48 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was analyzed by HPLC under the following conditions. The title compound was produced at a production rate of 11%, and the optical purity was 82% ee. It turned out to be.
- Retention time R body 7.7 minutes, S body 8.6 minutes
- Rhodococcus maris BP-479-9 strain (FERM BP-5219) was cultured in a 2 L liquid medium in the same manner as in Example 1, and then the culture was centrifuged to collect 26 g of cells. This is washed with 30 mM potassium phosphate buffer containing 40mM Isobuchiruami de (P H 7.3), and suspended in the same buffer 60 ml. Then, the cells were sonicated at 9 KHz under ice-cooling for about 10 minutes to disrupt the cells. This cell lysate was centrifuged at 1800 Orpm for 20 minutes to remove cell debris and obtain a cell extract. The specific activity of nitrile hydratase in the extract was 0.126 U / mg.
- the extract was dialyzed against 2 L of the same buffer as above, and the resulting dialysate was placed in a column of DEAE-cellulose, and a 5 OmM potassium phosphate buffer containing 0 to 0.5 M sodium chloride was added. Elution with linear (pH 7.0) gradient did. The fractions containing the enzymatic activity were collected, 15% ammonium sulfate was added, and the mixture was placed in a column of Phenyl Sepharose CL-14B, followed by 5 OmM potassium phosphate buffer containing 4 OmM isobutylamide (pH 7.3). Eluted. Fractions containing the enzyme activity were collected and subjected to humidification with 60% ammonium sulfate saturation. The obtained precipitate was dissolved in a small amount of 5 OmM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) and dialyzed with the same buffer to obtain purified nitrogen.
- the method for measuring the sex and fermentation activities of the purified enzyme is as follows.
- SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis detected two submissions with molecular weights of 24000 and 25100.
- this enzyme is a nitrile rehydratase that converts a nitrile compound to an acid amide compound, and is a nitrile compound having 2-phenyl-3-methylbutyronitrile and its analogous structure. It is an enzyme that has an excellent effect of optically hydrating A.
- Retention time R body 7.7 minutes, S body 8.6 minutes
- an acid amide compound having a high optical purity which is useful as a pharmaceutical intermediate or an intermediate for an optical resolving agent, can be efficiently converted from an inexpensive raw material such as a racemate or a nitrile compound having a low optical purity.
- an inexpensive raw material such as a racemate or a nitrile compound having a low optical purity.
- it can be produced with high purity, and this method is extremely useful in industry.
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Abstract
A process for producing an optically active acid amide from a corresponding optically inactive nitrile compound with the use of a specified microorganism which may have been treated appropriately. This process permits a highly optically pure acid amide compound useful as an intermediate for medicine or optical resolution agent to be produced efficiently at a high purity from an inexpensive racemic or lowly optically pure nitrile compound.
Description
明 細 害 光学活性な酸ァミ ドの製造方法 技術分野 Manufacturing method of optically active acid amide Technical field
本発明は、 光学純度の高い酸アミ ド化合物を、 撖生物またはその処理物 を利用することにより、 ラセミ体または光学純度の低い対応する二トリル 化合物から製造する方法に関する。 さらに詳しくは、 不整脈治療薬あるい は動脈硬化治療薬などの医薬物質を製造するための中間体として有用な、 さらには光学分割剤として重要な光学純度の高いァミンを製造するための 中間体として有用な光学純度の高い酸ァミ ド化合物を、 二トリルヒドラタ ーゼ活性を持つが、 二卜リラーゼ活性およびァミダーゼ活性は極めて低く、 かつラセマーゼ活性も極めて低い特定の微生物またはその処理物を利用す ることにより、 ラセミ体または光学純度の低い対応する二トリル化合物か ら製造する方法に関する。 さらに、 本発明は上記方法に有用な新規な微生 物に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing an acid amide compound having a high optical purity from a racemate or a corresponding nitrile compound having a low optical purity by using a living organism or a processed product thereof. More specifically, it is useful as an intermediate for producing a drug substance such as a drug for treating arrhythmia or a drug for treating arteriosclerosis, and as an intermediate for producing an amine having high optical purity which is important as an optical resolving agent. Useful acid amide compounds with high optical purity use specific microorganisms that have nitrile hydratase activity, but have very low nitrilase and amidase activities and very low racemase activity, or processed products thereof. Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method for producing from a racemate or a corresponding nitrile compound having low optical purity. Further, the present invention relates to a novel microorganism useful for the above method.
背景技術 Background art
光学活性な酸アミ ドを製造する方法としては、 光学活性な分割剤を用い る方法、 不斉合成による方法、 あるいは撖生物またはその処理物(菌体破 砕物、 粗製または精製された酵素活性体など)を用いる方法が知られてい る。 Methods for producing an optically active acid amide include a method using an optically active resolving agent, a method using asymmetric synthesis, and a method for treating an organism or a processed product thereof (crushed bacterial cells, crude or purified enzyme active substances). Etc.) are known.
これら方法のうち、 光学活性な分割剤を用いる方法は、 使用する光学分 割剤が比較的高価である点、 医薬として一般に必要とされる光学純度 9 8 %e. e.以上を得るためには何回もの再桔晶を必要とする点、 および不用な 光学異性体が半分量残り、 この残存する酸アミ ド化合物のラセミ化が困難
である点で不利である。 また、 不斉合成による方法は、 工程が複雑であり 多くの工程を経なくてはならない点、 収率および光学純度が低い点などに より不利である。 Among these methods, the method using an optically active resolving agent is relatively expensive since the optical resolving agent used is relatively expensive, and the method used several times to obtain an optical purity of 98% ee or more generally required for pharmaceuticals. The point that requires recrystallization and half of unnecessary optical isomers remain, making it difficult to racemize the remaining acid amide compound Is disadvantageous in that In addition, the asymmetric synthesis method is disadvantageous in that the steps are complicated and many steps must be performed, and the yield and optical purity are low.
一方、 微生物またはその処理物を用いる方法としては、 例えば次の方法 が知られているが、 これら方法はそれぞれに欠点を有している。 On the other hand, as a method using a microorganism or a processed product thereof, for example, the following methods are known, but each of these methods has disadvantages.
(1)ラセミ体の 2, 2-ジメチルシクロプロパンカルボキサミ ド中の R体 のみを R- (—) -2, 2-ジメチルンクロプロパンカルボン酸に変換し、 残つ た S体を取得する方法 (特開平 5-76391号公報): この方法はァミダ ーゼを用いる方法であるが、 生成した不用な R-カルボン酸は廃棄するか、 またはラセミ化およびアミ ド化して再使用しなければならず、 工程が複雑 である。 (1) A method of converting only the R-form in racemic 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxamide to R-(—)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid to obtain the remaining S-form (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-76391): This method is a method using an amidase, but the generated unnecessary R-carboxylic acid must be discarded or racemized and amidated and reused. And the process is complicated.
(2)ラセミ体のな-アミノニトリルにバチルス厲、 ノ、'クテリジユーム厲、 ミクロコッカス ¾またはブレビパクテリゥム厲に属する微生物を作用させ て L-a-ァミノ酸と D-α-ァミノアミ ドの混合物を製造する方法 (特表昭 56-500031号公報): この方法は L-α-ァミノ酸と アミノア ミ ドの両方を与えるので、 この混合物からそれぞれを分離および精製する 工程が必要である点、 および目的とする光学活性なアミ ドが半分量しか得 られない点で工業的に不利である。 (2) A mixture of La-amino acid and D-α-aminoamide is reacted with a microorganism belonging to Bacillus 厲, ノ, 'Cteridium', Micrococcus ¾ or Brevipacterium に on racemic non-aminonitrile. Production method (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 56-500031): Since this method gives both L-α-amino acid and aminoamide, a step of separating and purifying each from this mixture is necessary, and This is industrially disadvantageous in that only half of the desired optically active amide can be obtained.
(3)ラセミ体の α-アミノニトリルにシユードモナス厲、 ロドコッカス ¾ またはノカルディア IRに厲する微生物を作用させて L-α-ァミノ酸と D- α-アミノアミ ドの混合物を製造する方法 (特開平 2- 31694号公報): この方法は上記 (2)と同様の点で不利である。 (3) A method for producing a mixture of L-α-amino acid and D-α-aminoamide by reacting a racemized α-aminonitrile with a microorganism that acts on Pseudomonas 厲, Rhodococcus ¾ or Nocardia IR This method is disadvantageous in the same point as the above (2).
(4)ラセミ体のマンデロニ卜リルにロドコッ力ス ISに属する微生物を作 用させて α位に水酸基を有する S-(+)-マンデルアミ ド類を製造する方法 (特開平 4-222591号公報): この方法は反応に用いる二トリル濃度
力約 0. 2 %と低く、 工業的レベルには程遠い。 (4) A method of producing S-(+)-mandelamides having a hydroxyl group at the α-position by allowing a microorganism belonging to Rhodococcus IS to act on racemic mandelonitrile (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-222591) : This method uses nitrile concentration for the reaction. Power is as low as 0.2%, far from the industrial level.
(5)ラセミ体の 2 -ァリールアルカン二トリル類にシユードモナス厲、 セ ラチア厲またはモラキセラ厲に厲する微生物を作用させて α位に水酸基ま たは低級アルキル類を有する光学活性なァミ ドを製造する方法(P C Τ国 際公開 W0 9 2 / 0 5 2 7 5号明細害): この方法は使用する微生物のァ ミ ド生成活性がいずれも低く、 反応に用いる二トリル澳度が約 0 . 2〜0 . 8 %と低い点で工業的に不利である。 (5) Racemic 2-aryl alkane nitriles are acted on by microorganisms acting on Pseudomonas セ, celiacia モ or moraxella を to produce an optically active amide having a hydroxyl group or a lower alkyl at the α-position. Production method (PC International Publication W092 / 052755): This method has low amide generation activity of all microorganisms used, and the nitrile concentration used in the reaction is about 0. It is industrially disadvantageous in that it is as low as 2 to 0.8%.
(6)ラセミ体の 2 -ァリ一ルアルカンニトリル類にシユードモナス厲に厲 する微生物を作用させてな位に低級アルキル基を有する光学活性なァミ ド、 例えば 2 -フエニルプロピオンアミ ドを製造する方法 (特開平 5 - 2 5 2 9 (6) Production of an optically active amide having a lower alkyl group at the position, for example, 2-phenylpropionamide, by reacting a racemic 2-arylalkanenitrile with a microorganism that acts on Pseudomonas (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
9 0号公報): この方法は生成した光学活性アミ ドの光学純度が 3 0 %e. e. 程度と極めて低く、 光学活性アミ ドとしての工業的価値が低い。 No. 90): According to this method, the optical purity of the generated optically active amide is extremely low, about 30% e.e., and its industrial value as an optically active amide is low.
上記の通り、 公知の光学活性な酸アミ ドの製造方法はいずれも種々の欠 点を有している。 そこで、 本発明者らは、 上記のような欠点のない光学活 性な酸アミ ドの製造方法について鋭意検討を行った。 この際に、 本発明者 らは微生物またはその処理物を用いる方法の方が、 (a)酸アミ ドの生成率 と光学純度が高く、 (b)酸アミ ドの分離と精製が容易であり、 (c)高い基質 濃度で変換できる、 などの点で有利であると考え、 広く公知および新規な 微生物およびそれから得られる酵素について検索を行った。 即ち、 再利用 が困難な副生成物(カルボン酸)の生成が少なく、 目的の酸アミ ドの分離お よび精製が容易であり、 反応液中の高い基質濃度での変換が可能であり、 そして得られる酸アミ ドの生成率および光学純度が高い、 微生物またはそ の処理物を用いる酸ァミ ドの製造方法について鋭意検討を行った。 As described above, all known methods for producing optically active acid amides have various disadvantages. Thus, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on a method for producing an optically active acid amide that does not have the above-mentioned disadvantages. At this time, the present inventors have found that the method using a microorganism or a processed product thereof has higher (a) acid amide generation rate and optical purity, and (b) easier separation and purification of acid amide. (C) It was considered to be advantageous in that it could be converted at a high substrate concentration, and a search was conducted for widely known and novel microorganisms and enzymes obtained therefrom. That is, the generation of by-products (carboxylic acids) that are difficult to reuse is small, the separation and purification of the target acid amide is easy, and the conversion at a high substrate concentration in the reaction solution is possible. The present inventors have conducted intensive studies on a method for producing an acid amide using a microorganism or a processed product thereof, which has a high acid amide generation rate and high optical purity.
その結果、 後記一般式( I )で示されるラセミ体または光学純度の低 L、二 トリル化合物を後記一般式(Π )で示される光学純度の髙ぃ酸アミ ド化合物
に変換する光学選択的な二トリルヒドラターゼ活性を有するが、 二卜リル を対応するカルボン酸に変換する二トリラーゼ活性ならびに生成した酸ァ ミ ドを対応するカルボン酸に変換するアミダーゼ活性が極めて弱く、 かつ 生成した酸ァミ ドをラセミ化するラセマーゼ活性も極めて弱い微生物が存 在していることを見い出した。 As a result, the racemic or low-purity L-butyryl compound represented by the following general formula (I) can be converted into the optically pure diacid amide compound represented by the following general formula (II) Although it has an optically selective nitrile hydratase activity to convert to nitrile, the nitrilase activity to convert nitril to the corresponding carboxylic acid and the amidase activity to convert the generated acid amide to the corresponding carboxylic acid are extremely weak. In addition, it was found that there was a microorganism having an extremely weak racemase activity for racemizing the generated acid amide.
また、 これら微生物は高い二トリル濃度であってもそれを酸アミ ドに変 換することができ、 かつ高い酸アミ ドの生成率および光学純度を与えるこ とができる。 In addition, these microorganisms can convert even a high nitrile concentration into an acid amide, and can provide a high acid amide production rate and a high optical purity.
さらに、 これら微生物は二トリル化合物の一方の光学異性体のみを酸ァ ミ ドに変換し、 他方の光学異性体は変換しないが、 この他方の光学活性な 二トリル化合物の回収および再ラセミ化は容易であり、 再び出発原料とし て利用できるので、 工業的に有利である。 Furthermore, these microorganisms convert only one optical isomer of the nitrile compound to the acid amide and not the other, but the recovery and re-racemization of the other optically active nitrile compound is not possible. It is industrially advantageous because it is easy and can be reused as a starting material.
このように、 これら微生物を利用することにより、 後記一般式(I )で示 されるラセミ体または光学純度の低い二トリル化合物から後記一般式(Π ) で示される光学純度の高い酸ァミ ド化合物を効率よく製造できることがわ かゥた '0 Thus, by utilizing these microorganisms, a racemic or nitrile compound having a low optical purity represented by the following general formula (I) can be converted into an acid amide having a high optical purity represented by the following general formula (Π) the compound was Kotogawa or © efficiently be produced '0
発明の開示 Disclosure of the invention
即ち、 本発明は、 一般式(I ): That is, the present invention provides a compound represented by the following general formula (I):
[式中、 Rリま C ,〜C eアルキル基、 1〜3個のフユニル基で置換された C ! C aアルキル基、 または C 3〜C eシクロアルキル基を表し、 R 2は水 素またはじ,〜。 アルキル基を表す] [Wherein, R Lima C, -C e alkyl group, one to three C! C a alkyl group substituted with Fuyuniru group or C 3 -C e cycloalkyl radical, R 2 is hydrogen, Or ji, ~. Represents an alkyl group]
で示されるラセミ体または光学純度の低い二トリル化合物を、 一般式( :
R
The racemic or nitrile compound having low optical purity represented by the general formula (: R
[式中、 *は不斉炭衆原子の位置を示し、 R1および R2は前記と同じ意味 を有する] [In the formula, * indicates the position of the asymmetric carbon atom, and R 1 and R 2 have the same meaning as described above.]
で示される光学純度の高い対応ァミ ド化合物に変換する方法であって、 適当な反応媒体中で該ニトリル化合物( I )を、 And converting the nitrile compound (I) into a corresponding reaction medium having a high optical purity.
コリネバクテリウム . エスピー A68 (FERM BP— 5215)、 ロ ドコッカス 'エスピー KPO-2028 (FERM BP— 5216), ロ ドコッカス ·エスピー PP-25 (FERM BP— 5217)、 ロ ドコッカス ·エスピー PP-121 (FERM BP— 5218)、 ロ ドコッカス 'マリス BP-479-9 (FERM BP— 5219)、 バチルス ' サブチリス PP-116-15 (FERM BP— 5220)、 ブレビバクテリウム · エスピー PP-133-7 (FERM BP- 52 21)、 Corynebacterium sp. A68 (FERM BP— 5215), Rhodococcus sp KPO-2028 (FERM BP— 5216), Rhodococcus sp. PP-25 (FERM BP— 5217), Rhodococcus sp. PP-121 (FERM) BP-5218), Rhodococcus 'Maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219), Bacillus' subtilis PP-116-15 (FERM BP-5220), Brevibacterium sp PP-133-7 (FERM BP- 52 21),
からなる群から ¾ばれる、 垓二トリル化合物(I)の二トリル基を光学選択 的に水和し得る二卜リルヒドラターゼ活性を有する微生物またはその処理 物と接触させ、 生成した光学純度の高いアミ ド化合物(Π)を該反応媒体か ら回収することを特徴とする方法を提供するものである。 A high optical purity amide formed by contacting with a microorganism having nitritol hydratase activity capable of optically selective hydration of the nitrile group of the benzonitrile compound (I), or a processed product thereof, which is formed from the group consisting of: It is intended to provide a method characterized by recovering the compound (Π) from the reaction medium.
さらに、 本発明は、 上記方法を実施する際に特に有用な新規微生物であ るロドコッカス .マリス BP-479-9 (FERM BP— 5219)を 提供するものである。 Further, the present invention provides a novel microorganism, Rhodococcus maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219), which is particularly useful in performing the above method.
発明を実施するための最良の形態 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
上圮一般式( I)において、 R ま Ci Ceアルキル基、 1〜3個のフエ ニル基で置換された C! CSアルキル基、 または C3〜CEシクロアルキル
基を表し、 R2は水紫または 〜(^アルキル基を表す。 R2が C C*ァ ルキル基である場合、 該基はオルト、 メタあるいはパラ位のいずれに存在 していてもよい。 In the above general formula (I), R or Ci Ce alkyl group, C! CS alkyl group substituted by 1 to 3 phenyl groups, or C 3 to C E cycloalkyl R 2 represents water purple or a ~ (^ alkyl group. When R 2 is a CC * alkyl group, the group may be present in any of the ortho, meta and para positions.
C ,〜 C βアルキル基とは、 炭素原子数 1〜6個の直鉞または分岐鎖のァ ルキル基を表し、 例えば、 メチル、 ェチル、 η-プロピル、 イソブロピル、 η-ブチル、 t-ブチル基、 イソブチル、 n-ペンチル、 ネオペンチル、 η-へキ シル基などが挙げられる。 また、 〜(:4アルキル基とは、 炭衆原子数 1 〜 4個の直銷または分岐鑌のアルキル基を表す。 C, and the ~ C beta alkyl group represents a straight鉞or branched § alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, e.g., methyl, Echiru, .eta. propyl, Isoburopiru, .eta. butyl, t- butyl group , Isobutyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, and η-hexyl group. Further, a (: 4 alkyl group represents a directly-sold or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 coal atoms.
1〜 3個のフユニル基で S换された C,〜C 3アルキル基とは、 1〜3個 のフユニル基で置換されたメチル、 ェチル、 n-プロピルまたはイソプロピ ル基を表し、 例えば、 ベンジル、 ベンズヒ ドリノレ、 ト リチル、 フヱネチル、 フ iニルブ口ビル基などが挙げられる。 1-3 pieces of Fuyuniru groups S substitution has been C, and -C 3 alkyl group represents methyl substituted with 1-3 Fuyuniru group, Echiru, a n- propyl or isopropyl group, such as benzyl And benzhydrinole, trityl, phenethyl, and vinyl group.
C3〜C8シクロアルキル基とは、 炭素原子数 3〜 8個のシクロアルキル 基、 即ち、 シクロブ口ピル、 シクロブチル、 シクロペンチル、 シクロへキ シル、 シクロへブチルまたはシクロォクチル基を表す。 The C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group from 3 to eight carbon atoms, i.e., Shikurobu port pills, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, key sill cyclohexane, butyl or Shikurookuchiru group cyclohexylene.
本発明の方法に従って、 R2が水紫である一般式(I)で示される二トリ ル化合物を変換するのが好ましい。 Preferably, according to the method of the present invention, the nitrile compound of the general formula (I) wherein R 2 is water purple is converted.
また、 R1が (^〜じ4アルキル基、 1もしくは 2個のフヱニル基で置換 されたメチルもしくはェチル基、 または CS〜C7シクロアルキル基であり、 R2が水素である上記一般式(I)で示される二トリル化合物を変換するの が好ましい。 ここで、 (^〜(:4アルキル基は上記定義の通りであり、 C5 〜C7シク口アルキル基とはシクロペンチル、 シク口へキシルまたはシク 口へプチル基を表す。 In addition, the above general formula wherein R 1 is (^ 4 alkyl group, methyl or ethyl group substituted with 1 or 2 phenyl groups, or C S -C 7 cycloalkyl group, and R 2 is hydrogen It is preferable to convert the nitrile compound represented by (I): wherein (^ to (: 4 alkyl groups are as defined above, and C 5 to C 7 cycloalkyl groups are cyclopentyl and cycloalkyl) Represents a hexyl or cycloheptyl group.
より好ましくは、 R1が (^〜(:4アルキル基、 ベンジル基、 ベンズヒ ド リル基、 または C5〜C7シクロアルキル基であり、 R2が水素である上記
一般式( I )で示される二トリル化合物を、 本発明の方法に従って対応する 酸アミ ドに変換する。 More preferably, R 1 is (^ to (: 4 alkyl group, benzyl group, benzhydryl group, or C 5 to C 7 cycloalkyl group, and R 2 is hydrogen The nitrile compound of general formula (I) is converted to the corresponding acid amide according to the method of the present invention.
さらに好ましくは、 R 1が
アルキル基であり、 R 2が水素である 上記一般式(I )で示される二卜リル化合物を、 本発明の方法に従って対応 する酸ァミ ドに変換する。 More preferably, R 1 is The nitrile compound represented by the above general formula (I), which is an alkyl group and R 2 is hydrogen, is converted into a corresponding acid amide according to the method of the present invention.
最も好ましくは、 R 1がイソプロピルまたは t-ブチル基であり、 R 2が水 素である上記一般式(I )で示される二トリル化合物を、 本発明の方法に従つ て対応する酸アミ ドに変換する。 Most preferably, the nitrile compound of the above general formula (I) wherein R 1 is an isopropyl or t-butyl group and R 2 is hydrogen is converted to the corresponding acid amide according to the method of the present invention. Convert to
特に、 R 1がイソプロピル基であり、 R 2が水素である上記一般式(I )で 示される二トリル化合物を、 本発明の方法に従って対応する酸アミ ドに変 換するのが好ましい。 In particular, it is preferable to convert the nitrile compound represented by the above general formula (I), wherein R 1 is an isopropyl group and R 2 is hydrogen, to the corresponding acid amide according to the method of the present invention.
本発明の方法における出発物質である上記一般式(I )で示される二トリ ル化合物は、 例えば、 ジャーナル ·ォブ ·アメリカン ·ケミカル · ソサイ エティ一(J. Am. Chen. So )、 79卷、 3467〜3469頁 (1957年);特開昭 5 1 - 7 0 7 4 4号公報;特開昭 5 1 - 1 2 2 0 3 6号公報; シンセシス(Synthe sis). 8卷、 645頁 (1986年)などに記載されている公知の方法に従って製 造することができる。 また、 市販品から入手可能な出発物質は購入して使 用してもよい。 The nitrile compound represented by the above general formula (I), which is a starting material in the method of the present invention, can be obtained, for example, from Journal of American Chemical Society (J. Am. Chen. So), Vol. 79 Pp. 3467-3469 (1957); JP-A-51-77044; JP-A-51-122636; Synthesis. (1986) and the like. In addition, starting materials available from commercial products may be purchased and used.
本発明の方法においてはラセミ体の二トリル化合物を使用するのが普通 であるが、 例えば光学分割処理を行った後の(S )-体または(R)-体の一方 に富む光学純度の低い混合物を使用することもできる。 In the method of the present invention, it is common to use a racemic nitrile compound. For example, after optical resolution treatment, the optical purity is low in one of the (S) -form or the (R) -form. Mixtures can also be used.
本発明の方法により製造される光学純度の高い上記一般式(Π )で示され る酸アミ ドは、 医薬物質を製造するための中間体として、 または光学分割 剤として重要な光学純度の高いァミンを製造するための中間体として有用 である。 これら酸アミ ド(Π )の代表例は、 例えば、 以下に挙げるアミ ドの
(R)-体もしくは(S)-体、 または( + )-体もしくは(一) -体である : The acid amide represented by the general formula (II) having high optical purity produced by the method of the present invention is an amine having high optical purity which is important as an intermediate for producing a pharmaceutical substance or as an optical resolving agent. Useful as an intermediate for the production of Representative examples of these acid amides (Π) include, for example, (R) -body or (S) -body, or (+)-body or (one) -body:
2-フエニルブロビオンアミ ド、 2-phenylbrobionamide,
2-フ ニルブチルァミ ド、 2-phenylbutylamide,
2-フ; Lニルバレルアミ ド、 2-F; L-nilbarrelamide,
2-フエ二ルへキサンアミ ド、 2-phenylhexaneamide,
2-フヱニルへブタンアミ ド、 2-phenylheptaneamide,
2-フユニルオクタンアミ ド、 2-fuunil octane amide,
2 -フ ニル -3-メチルブチルアミ ド、 2-phenyl-3-methylbutylamide,
2-フエニル -3, 3-ジメチルブチルアミ ド、 2-phenyl-3,3-dimethylbutylamide,
2.3-ジフユ二ルブロピオンァミ ド、 2.3-difnil bropionamide,
2, 3, 3-トリフエニルブロピオンアミ ド 2,3,3-triphenylpropionamide
2, 4-ジフユニルブチルァミ ド、 2,4-difuunylbutylamide,
2-シクロペンチル -2-フエニルァセトアミ ド、 2-cyclopentyl-2-phenylacetamide,
2-シクロへキシル -2-フエニルァセトアミ ド、 または 2-cyclohexyl-2-phenylacetamide, or
2-シクロへプチル -2-フユニルァセトアミ ド。 2-cycloheptyl-2-fuunylacetamide.
本発明は、 微生物またはその処理物を利用することにより、 光学不活性 な二トリルを対応する光学活性な酸ァミ ドに変換する方法に関するもので あり、 このような方法においては次の点が重要である。 The present invention relates to a method for converting an optically inactive nitrile into a corresponding optically active acid amide by utilizing a microorganism or a processed product thereof. is important.
(1)反応液中の基質 (二トリル)濃度が高くても変換が可能であること ; (1) Conversion is possible even if the substrate (nitrile) concentration in the reaction solution is high;
(2)得られる酸アミ ドの生成率が高いこと; (2) high yield of the resulting acid amide;
(3)得られる酸ァミ ドの光学純度が高いこと(微生物の基質選択性が高く、 酸アミ ドをラセミ化するラセマーゼ活性が極めて低いこと):および (3) High optical purity of the resulting acid amide (high substrate selectivity for microorganisms and extremely low racemase activity for racemizing acid amide): and
(4)不用な副生成物(カルボン酸)の生成が少ないこと(微生物が二トリル を光学 «択的に水和し得る二トリルヒドラターゼ活性を持つが、 二 トリルを酸に変換する二トリラーゼ活性および酸ァミ ドを酸に変换
するァミダーゼ活性が極めて低いこと)。 (4) The production of unnecessary by-products (carboxylic acid) is small (it has nitrile hydratase activity that enables microorganisms to optically selectively hydrate nitrile, but nitrilase that converts nitrile to acid) Converts activity and acid amide to acid Very low amidase activity).
本発明者らは、 これらの基準を満たす微生物を広く公知および新規な微 生物に求めた。 その結果、 以下に挙げる 7種類の菌株が上記基準を満たす ことを見い出した: The present inventors have sought widely known and novel microorganisms that meet these criteria. As a result, the following seven strains were found to meet the above criteria:
' コリネバクテリゥ厶 .エスビー A68 (FERM BP— 5215)、 ' ロ ドコッカス ·エスピー KPO-2028 (FERM BP— 521 '' Corynebacterium S.B.A68 (FERM BP— 5215), '' Rhodococcus sp. KPO-2028 (FERM BP—521)
6)、 6),
' ロ ドコッカス 'エスピー PP-25 (FERM BP— 5217)、 ' ロ ドコッカス .エスピー PP-121 (FERM BP— 5218)、 ' ロ ドコッカス . マリス BP-479-9 (FERM BP— 5219)、 'バチルス ' サブチリス PP-116-15(FERM BP— 5220)、 および 'Rhodococcus' SP PP-25 (FERM BP—5217), 'Rhodococcus sp. PP-121 (FERM BP—5218),' Rhodococcus. Maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP—5219), 'Bacillus' Subtilis PP-116-15 (FERM BP-5220), and
' ブレビバクテリゥム .エスピー PP-133-7 (FERM BP— 5 即ち、 本発明の方法においては、 これら菌株のいずれかまたはその処理物 を用いて二 トリルを酸ァミ ドに変換する。 'Brevibacterium sp. PP-133-7 (FERM BP-5) That is, in the method of the present invention, nitril is converted to an acid amide by using any of these strains or a processed product thereof.
本発明の方法を実施する際には、 上記微生物の中に好ましい群が存在す る。 即ち、 以下の菌株: In practicing the method of the present invention, preferred groups exist among the above microorganisms. That is, the following strains:
' ロ ドコッカス 'エスピー KP 0-2028 (FERM BP-521 6)、 '' Rhodococcus '' SP KP 0-2028 (FERM BP-521 6),
' ロ ドコッカス ·エスピー PP-25 (FERM BP— 5217)、 • πドコッカス ·エスピー PP-121 (FERM BP— 5218)、 ' ロ ドコッカス * マリス BP-479-9 (FERM BP— 5219)、 •バチルス 'サブチリス PP-116-15(FERM BP— 5220)、 または
' ブレビバクテリゥム 'エスピー PP-133-7 (FERM BP— 5 221)、 '' Rhodococcus sp. PP-25 (FERM BP—5217), • π Dococcus sp. PP-121 (FERM BP—5218), Subtilis PP-116-15 (FERM BP-5220), or '' Brevibacterium '' SP PP-133-7 (FERM BP-5221),
またはその処理物を本発明の方法において用いるのが好ましい。 Alternatively, the treated product is preferably used in the method of the present invention.
より好ましくは、 以下の菌株: More preferably, the following strains:
' ロドコッカス 'マリス BP-479-9 (FERM BP— 5219)、 'バチルス 'サブチリス PP-116-15(FERM BP— 5220)、 または 'Rhodococcus' Maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219), 'Bacillus' subtilis PP-116-15 (FERM BP-5220), or
•ブレビバクテリゥム 'エスピー PP-133-7 (FERM BP— 5 221)、 Brevibacterium 'SP PP-133-7 (FERM BP-5221),
またはその処理物を本発明の方法において用いる。 Alternatively, the processed product is used in the method of the present invention.
さらに好ましくは、 以下の菌株: More preferably, the following strains:
' 口 ドコッカス .マリス BP-479— 9 (FERM BP— 5219)、 または 'Mouth Dococcus. Maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219), or
•ブレビパクテリゥ厶 .エスピー PP-133-7 (FERM BP— 5 221)、 Brevi Pacterium SP PP-133-7 (FERM BP-5221),
またはその処理物を本発明の方法において用いる。 Alternatively, the processed product is used in the method of the present invention.
最も好ましくは、 ロドコッカス 'マリス BP-479-9 (FERM B P— 5219)またはその処理物を本発明の方法において用いる。 Most preferably, Rhodococcus' maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219) or a processed product thereof is used in the method of the present invention.
上記の性質を保持しているならば、 これら菌株を N-メチル -Ν'-ニトロ ニトロソグァニジン(N T G)などの公知の変異剤により処理すること によつて得た変異株や ¾伝子工学的手法により改変した菌株を、 本発明の 方法において使用することもできる。 If the above properties are maintained, mutants obtained by treating these strains with a known mutagen such as N-methyl-Ν'-nitronitrosoguanidine (NTG) or gene engineering can be used. Strains modified by a genetic method can also be used in the method of the present invention.
上記微生物のうち、 コリネパクテリゥム 'エスピー Α68 (FERM BP-5215)は特開平 3-19695号公報に記載された公知の菌株で ある(その菌学的性 Kについては同公報を参照)。 この菌株は、 1988年
8月 22曰に工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所に原寄託され、 1995 年 9月 1曰に国際寄託に移管され、 表記の受託番号を付与されている。 一方、 ロ ドコッカス .エスピー KP0-2028(FERM BP- 52 16)、 ロ ドコッカス 'エスピー PP-25(FERM BP— 5217)、 ロ ドコッカス .エスピー PP-121 (FERM BP— 5218)、 ロ ド コッカス ' マリス BP-479-9 (FERM BP— 5219)、 バチルス · サブチリス PP-116-15(FERM BP— 5220)、 およびブレビ バクテリウ厶 'エスピー P P-133-7(FERM BP— 5221)はい ずれも、 新たに土壌中より二トリル资化菌として分離した新規な菌株であ る。 これらの菌株はいずれも、 1993年 11月 2日に工業技術院生命ェ 学工業技術研究所に原寄託され、 1995年 9月 1曰に国際寄託に移管さ れ、 それぞれ表記の受託番号を付与されている。 Among the above microorganisms, Corynepacterium 'SP68 (FERM BP-5215) is a known strain described in JP-A-3-19695 (for the mycological K, refer to the same publication). This strain was introduced in 1988 On August 22, he was originally deposited with the National Institute of Biotechnology and Industrial Technology, and was transferred to the International Depositary on September 1, 1995, and was assigned the indicated accession number. On the other hand, Rhodococcus sp. KP0-2028 (FERM BP-5216), Rhodococcus sp. PP-25 (FERM BP-5217), Rhodococcus sp. PP-121 (FERM BP-5218), Rhodococcus maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219), Bacillus subtilis PP-116-15 (FERM BP-5220), and Brevibacterium 'SP PP-133-7 (FERM BP-5221) are all new. This is a new strain isolated as nitrile bacteria from soil. All of these strains were originally deposited on November 2, 1993 at the Institute of Life Science and Industrial Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and transferred to an international deposit on September 1, 1995, and given the respective accession numbers. Have been.
以下に、 これら新規な菌株の菌学的性質を示す。 The bacteriological properties of these new strains are shown below.
(a)ロ ドコッカス 'エスピー KPO-2028(FERM BP-5216) 細胞の形 かん状 (a) Rhodococcus' SP KPO-2028 (FERM BP-5216) Cell shape
細胞の多形性の有無 有り Cell polymorphism Yes
運動性の有無 無し Mobility None
胞子の有無 無し With or without spores
グラム染色 »性 Gram stain »Gender
肉汁寒天平板培地に On gravy agar plate medium
おけるコロニーの状態 生育良好、ピンク、不透明、円形、光沢、凸状、滑らか 力タラ一ゼ 陽性 Colony condition good growth, pink, opaque, round, shiny, convex, smooth, positive
ォキシダーゼ 陰性 Oxidase negative
OFテス ト OF test
細胞壁ジアミノ酸 m e s o-ジァミ ノ ピメ リン酸
7/10355 その他 ; ミコール酸を含む Cell wall diamino acid mes o-diamino pime phosphate 7/10355 Others; including mycolic acid
m : 口 ドコッカス m: Mouth dococcus
(b)ロ ドコッカス 'エスピー PP-25 (FERM BP— 5217) 細胞の形 かん状 (b) Rhodococcus' SP-PP-25 (FERM BP-5217) cell shape
細胞の多形性の有無 有り Cell polymorphism Yes
運動性の有無 無し Mobility None
胞子の有無 無し With or without spores
グラム染色 陽性 Gram stain positive
肉汁寒天平板培地に On gravy agar plate medium
おけるコロニーの状態 生育良好、ピンク、不透明、円形、光沢、凸状、滑らか カタラーゼ 腸性 Colony condition good growth, pink, opaque, round, glossy, convex, smooth catalase enteric
ォキシダーゼ 陰性 Oxidase negative
OFテスト OF test
細胞壁ジァミノ酸 me s 0-ジァミノビメリン酸 Cell wall diamino acid me s 0-diaminobimelic acid
その他 ミコール酸を含む Others Contains mycolic acid
口 ドコッカス Mouth dococcus
(c)ロ ドコッカス ·エスピー PP-121 (FERM BP— 5218) 細胞の形 かん状 (c) Rhodococcus sp. PP-121 (FERM BP-5218) Cell shape
細胞の多形性の有無 有り Cell polymorphism Yes
運動性の有無 無し Mobility None
胞子の有無 無し With or without spores
グラム染色 膿性 Gram stain Purulent
肉汁寒天平板培地に
おけるコロニーの状態;生育良好、オフホワイ ト、半透明、円形、低い凸状、 滑らか On gravy agar plate medium Colony condition; good growth, off-white, translucent, round, low convex, smooth
カタラーゼ 陽性 Catalase positive
ォキシダーゼ 陰性 Oxidase negative
OFテスト OF test
細胞壁ジァミノ酸 me s 0-ジァミノピメ リン酸 Cell wall diamino acid me s 0-diaminopime phosphate
その他 ミコール酸を含む Others Contains mycolic acid
厲 Dドコッカス 厲 D dococcus
(d)ロ ドコッカス 'マリス BP-479-9 (FERM BP— 5219) 細胞の形 ;かん状 (d) Rhodococcus' Maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219) cell shape; rod-like
細胞の多形成の有無 :有り Presence or absence of cell polyplasia: Yes
運動性の有無 :無し Mobility: None
胞子の有無 ;無し Spore presence; None
グラム染色 ;陽性 Gram stain; positive
肉汁寒天平板培地に On gravy agar plate medium
おけるコロニーの状態;生育良好、オフホワイ ト、不透明、円形、滑らか、 凸状、光沢 Colony condition; good growth, off-white, opaque, round, smooth, convex, glossy
カタラーゼ 賜性 Catalase
ォキシダーゼ 陰性 Oxidase negative
OFテスト OF test
細胞壁ジアミノ酸 me s o—ジアミノビメリン酸 Cell wall diamino acid me s o-diaminobimelic acid
その他の生理学的性質 Other physiological properties
碓酸塩の還元 陽性 Usate reduction positive
ビラジンァミダーゼ 隱
システィンァリルァミダーゼ 陰性 バリンァリルァミダーゼ 腿性 ピロリ ドニルァリルァミダーゼ 陰性 アル力リフォスファターゼ 隱 S—グルクロニダーゼ 陰性Virazine Amidase Oki Cystinarylamidase negative Valinarylamidase Thigh Pyrrolidonylarylamidase negative Al-force phosphatase Hidden S-glucuronidase negative
0—ガラク トシダーゼ 陰性 な一グルコシダーゼ 隅性0—galactosidase negative one glucosidase
N—ァセチルグルコサミダーゼ 陰性 ゥレアーゼ 陰性 ゼラチン分解 陰性 itrlUi CC 险# アデニン分解 陽性 チロシン分解 :陰性N-Acetylglucosamidase negative ゥ lease negative gelatin degradation negative itrlUi CC 险 # adenine degradation positive tyrosine degradation : negative
5 % N a C 1存在下での生育 :生育する リボースからの酸生成 : »性 各単一炭素源での生育; Growth in the presence of 5% NaC1: growing Acid production from ribose: »sex Growth on each single carbon source;
イノシトール Inositol
マルトース Maltose
マンニトール Mannitol
ラムノース Rhamnose
ソルビトール Sorbitol
m—ヒ ドロキン安息香酸 + アジピン酸ナトリウム m—Hydroquinebenzoic acid + sodium adipate
クェン酸ナトリウム Sodium citrate
グルタミ ン酸ナトリウム +
Lーチロシン Sodium glutamate + L-tyrosine
グリセロール Glycerol
トレハロース Trehalose
ァセトアミ ド Acetamide
D—ガラク トース D—Galactoose
種 ·厲 ロ ドコッカス 'マリス Species
(e)バチルス 'サブチリス PP-116-15(FERM B P-5220 細胞の形 、ん状 (e) Bacillus subtilis PP-116-15 (FERM B P-5220
細胞の多形性の有無 無し Cell polymorphism None
運助性の有無 有り With or without luck
胞子の有無 有り Spore presence Yes
グラム染色 隔性 Gram stain
肉汁寒天平板培地に On gravy agar plate medium
おけるコロニーの状態 生育良好、不透明、若干不規則、表面に若干くぼ み、光沢 Colony condition good growth, opaque, slightly irregular, slightly recessed surface, gloss
カタラーゼ »性 Catalase »sex
ォキシダーゼ ϋ性 Oxidase ϋ 性
OFテスト F OF test F
胞子位 S ターミナルまたはサブターミナル Spore position S terminal or subterminal
胞子の形状 エリプティカルまたはシリンドリカル Spore shape Elliptical or cylindrical
細胞内小球体 Intracellular globule
嫌気培養 + Anaerobic culture +
7%NaCl含有培地での生育: + Growth on medium containing 7% NaCl: +
グルコースからの酸生成: +
VPテスト + Acid production from glucose: + VP test +
カゼイン分解 + Casein decomposition +
ゼラチン分解 + Gelatin decomposition +
デンプン加水分解 + Starch hydrolysis +
硝酸通元 Nitric acid source
ゥレアーゼ + ゥ lease +
ーガラク トシダーゼ + -Galactosidase +
クェン酸の利用 厲,種 バチルス ·サブチリス Utilization of citrate 厲 , Species Bacillus subtilis
(f)ブレビパクテリゥ厶 ·エスピー PP-133-7 (FERM BP—(f) Brevi Pacterium SP PP-133-7 (FERM BP—
5221) 5221)
細胞の形 :かん状 Cell shape: rod
細胞の多形性の有無 ;有り Cell polymorphism; Yes
運動性の有無 :無し Mobility: None
胞子の有無 ;無し Spore presence; None
グラム染色 ;腸性 Gram stain; intestinal
肉汁寒天平板培地に On gravy agar plate medium
おけるコロニーの状態;生育良好、オフホワイ ト、半透明、円形、低い凸状、 光沢、滑らか Colony condition; good growth, off-white, translucent, round, low convex, glossy, smooth
77タラーセ 暘性 77 Tarrase Youki
ォキシダーゼ 陰性 Oxidase negative
OFテスト OF test
細胞胰ジアミノ酸 me s 0—ジアミノビメリン酸 Cellular diamino acid me s 0-diaminobimeric acid
属 ブレビパクテリゥ厶
上記の 6菌株の同定に際しては、 バージエイズ ·マニュアル .ォブ · シ ステマティック ·パクテリォロジ一(BERGEY' S MANUAL of Systematic Bac teriology) 第 2卷 (1986)およびザ ·プロ力リオ一ト(The Prokaryotes), 第 2版 (1992)に従って分類した。 また、 特に断りのない限り、 本明細書 中に記載した他の菌株の同定についても上記によった。 Genus Brevipacterium For the identification of the above six strains, BERGEY'S MANUAL of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 2 (1986) and The Prokaryotes , Classified according to the second edition (1992). Unless otherwise noted, the identification of other strains described herein was also based on the above.
本発明を実施する際には、 先ず、 本発明の方法において使用する微生物 を培養する。 微生物の培養は、 公知の方法に準じて行うことができる。 使 用する培地は、 通常の微生物のための通常の栄養源、 即ち炭索源、 窒素源、 無機栄養源などを含む培地であってよい。 炭素源としては、 グルコース、 グリセリン、 エタノール、 シユークロース、 グルタミン酸、 酢酸、 クェン 酸、 フマル酸などを使用することができる。 窒素源としては、 硫酸アンモ 二ゥム、 塩化アンモニゥム、 アンモニア、 尿素などの無機窒素源、 あるい は、 糠母エキス、 麦芽エキス、 ペプトン、 肉エキスなどの有機窒素源を使 用することができる。 無機栄養源としては、 リン酸、 マグネシウム、 カリ ゥ厶、 鉄、 コバルト、 マンガン、 ランタンなどを使用することができる。 これらの栄養源を適宜組み合わせて使用してよい。 また、 微生物の反応活 性を上昇させる物質として、 ァセトニトリル、 イソプチロニトリルなどの シァノ化合物、 カブロラクタ厶などのアミ ド化合物を添加してもよい。 培 地の pHは 5〜1 0の範囲内、 好ましくは 6〜8の範囲内であってよい。 培養温度は 1 8〜5 0 °C、 好ましくは 2 5〜4 0 °Cである。 培養時間は培 養条件に依存して変化するが、 通常は 1〜4日間であり、 活性が最大にな るまで培養すればよい。 In practicing the present invention, first, the microorganism used in the method of the present invention is cultured. Cultivation of the microorganism can be performed according to a known method. The medium used may be a medium containing the usual nutrients for the usual microorganisms, ie coal, nitrogen, mineral nutrients and the like. As a carbon source, glucose, glycerin, ethanol, sucrose, glutamic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid and the like can be used. As the nitrogen source, an inorganic nitrogen source such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonia, urea, or an organic nitrogen source such as bran extract, malt extract, peptone, meat extract, etc. can be used. . Phosphoric acid, magnesium, potassium, iron, cobalt, manganese, lanthanum and the like can be used as inorganic nutrients. These nutrient sources may be used in appropriate combination. Further, as a substance for increasing the reaction activity of the microorganism, a cyano compound such as acetonitrile and isobutyronitrile and an amide compound such as cabrolactam may be added. The pH of the medium may be in the range of 5-10, preferably in the range of 6-8. The culture temperature is from 18 to 50 ° C, preferably from 25 to 40 ° C. The culturing time varies depending on the culturing conditions, but is usually 1 to 4 days, and culturing may be performed until the activity is maximized.
上記の微生物の処理物とは、 ラセミ体または光学純度の低い二トリル化 合物(I )の二トリル基を光学選択的に水和し得る二トリルヒドラターゼ活
性を有していれば、 如何なる形態であってもよいことを意味する。 該酵素 活性が主として菌体内に存在するか、 または菌体外に存在するかによりそ の形態は異なる。 該酵素活性が菌体内に存在する場合には、 上記微生物を 培養した培養物、 そこから集めた菌体、 菌体処理物(例えば、 該菌体の破 砕物、 これらの菌体から分離 ·抽出した種々の精製段階の酵素活性体)、 公知の適当な方法により担体に固定化した該菌体または該菌体処理物など を指す。 該活性が菌体外に存在する埸合には、 上記微生物を培養した培養 物、 培養 ¾液、 培養 ¾液から分離 ·抽出した酵衆活性体、 公知の適当な方 法により担体に固定化した該酵素活性体などを指す。 The above-mentioned processed microorganism is a nitrile hydratase activity capable of optically selectively hydrating a nitrile group of a racemic or nitrile compound (I) having a low optical purity. If it has the property, it means that it may be in any form. Its form differs depending on whether the enzyme activity is mainly present in the cells or extracellularly. When the enzyme activity is present in the cells, the culture of the above microorganism, the cells collected therefrom, the treated cells (eg, the crushed cells, the separation / extraction from these cells) Enzymatically active substances at various purification stages), the cells immobilized on a carrier by a known appropriate method, or the treated cells. When the activity is present outside the cells, the culture of the microorganism, the culture broth, the enzymatic active separated and extracted from the culture broth, or immobilized on a carrier by a known suitable method Refers to the activated enzyme and the like.
本発明の方法において酵素活性体を使用する場合には、 上記微生物から 公知の酵素精製手段を用いて該酵素活性体を単離 ·精製することができる。 例えば、 該酵素が菌体内酵素である場合には、 微生物培養物の遠心分離な どによって菌体を集め、 この菌体を超音波処理、 ダイノ ミルなどの機械的 手段によって破砕する。 次いで、 細胞片などの固形物を遠心分離などによつ て除くことにより粗酵素液を得、 さらに、 この粗酵素液を超 ¾心分離分画、 塩析、 有機溶媒沈殿、 吸着クロマトグラフィー、 イオン交換クロマトグラ フィ一、 ゲル «過クロマトグラフィー、 逆相クロマトグラフィーなどによ り精製する。 酵素精製中の酵素の失活を防ぐための安定剤として、 一般に 使用される安定剤または 1〜1 0 O mM程度のィソブチルァミ ドを添加し てもよい。 When an enzyme active substance is used in the method of the present invention, the enzyme active substance can be isolated and purified from the microorganism using a known enzyme purification means. For example, when the enzyme is an intracellular enzyme, the cells are collected by, for example, centrifugation of a microorganism culture, and the cells are disrupted by mechanical means such as ultrasonic treatment or a dyno mill. Next, a crude enzyme solution is obtained by removing solid matter such as cell debris by centrifugation or the like, and the crude enzyme solution is subjected to ultracentrifugation separation, salting out, organic solvent precipitation, adsorption chromatography, Purify by ion-exchange chromatography, gel chromatography, reverse-phase chromatography, etc. As a stabilizer for preventing inactivation of the enzyme during the enzyme purification, a commonly used stabilizer or about 1 to 10 O mM of isobutylamide may be added.
本発明の方法に従って目的の光学純度の高い酸ァミ ド(Π )を製造するた めには、 通常、 上記のようにして得た微生物またはその処理物を、 適当な 反応媒体中、 適当な条件下でラセミ体または光学純度の低い二トリル( I ) と接触させればよい。 In order to produce the desired acid amide (Π) having a high optical purity according to the method of the present invention, the microorganism obtained as described above or a treated product thereof is usually mixed with a suitable reaction medium in a suitable reaction medium. It may be brought into contact with racemate or nitrile (I) having low optical purity under the conditions.
適当な反応媒体としては、 水、 緩衝液または培髮液などの水性媒体、 水
性媒体とメタノール、 ジメチルスルホキシドまたはァセトンなどの水溶性 有機溶媒との混合媒体、 さらには水性媒体とへキサン、 酢酸ェチル、 ジェ チルエーテルまたはトルエンなどの水不溶性有機溶媒とからなる二相系媒 体 (水で飽和した水不溶性溶媒を含む)を使用することができる。 また、 反 応媒体に適当な界面活性剤を 0. 0 1〜2 %程度添加してもよい。 Suitable reaction media include water, aqueous media such as buffers or hair fluids, water Mixed medium of a water-soluble organic solvent and a water-soluble organic solvent such as methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide or acetone, and a two-phase medium comprising an aqueous medium and a water-insoluble organic solvent such as hexane, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether or toluene ( (Including water-insoluble solvents saturated with water). Further, a suitable surfactant may be added to the reaction medium in an amount of about 0.01 to 2%.
ラセミ体または光学純度の低い二トリル( I )は、 粉末もしくは液状のま まで、 または適当な溶媒に溶かして反応媒体に添加してよい。 反応液中の 二トリル(I )の添加濃度は、 約 0 . 0 1〜7 0重量 、 好ましくは約 1 , 0 〜5 0重量 である。 二トリル( I )は反応媒体中に完全に溶解していなく てもよい。 Racemic or nitrile (I) of low optical purity may be added to the reaction medium in powder or liquid form or dissolved in a suitable solvent. The concentration of nitrile (I) added to the reaction solution is about 0.01 to 70% by weight, preferably about 1,0 to 50% by weight. Nitril (I) need not be completely dissolved in the reaction medium.
上記反応において使用する微生物またはその処理物の濃度は、 二トリル ヒ ドラターゼ活性の程度により異なる。 微生物菌体を使用する場合には、 通常、 該菌体の反応液中での濃度は 0. 0 5〜2 0重量%の範囲内であつ てよい。 微生物の処理物を使用する場合には、 微生物菌体を使用する場合 と同等の活性が得られる量で該処理物を添加する。 The concentration of the microorganism or the processed product used in the above reaction varies depending on the degree of nitrile hydratase activity. When microbial cells are used, the concentration of the cells in the reaction solution may be generally in the range of 0.05 to 20% by weight. When a treated product of a microorganism is used, the treated product is added in such an amount that an activity equivalent to that in the case of using a microbial cell is obtained.
反応温度は、 約 5〜6 0 ° (:、 好ましくは約 1 5〜5 0 °Cであってよい。 反応 pHは、 約 4〜1 1、 好ましくは約 7〜1 0であってよい。 反応時間 は反応条件に依存して変化するが、 通常は 1 0〜1 0 0時間の範囲内であ る。 反応経過を高速液体クロマトグラフィー(H P L C )などによつて追跡 し、 生成する光学活性な酸アミ ド(Π )の光学純度が所望の光学純度より高 いときに、 望ましくは 8 0 %e. e.以上、 特に望ましくは 9 0 %e. e.以上の ときに反応を終了するのがよい。 反応中、 二トリル( I )濃度が上記の範囲 内に維持されるように、 新たな二トリル(I )を反応液に添加してもよい。 上記の反応により得られた光学活性な酸アミ ド(Π )は、 反応液から種々 の方法によって単離することができる。 例えば、 へキサンまたは祚酸ェチ
ルなどの溶媒で抽出分離する方法、 シリカゲルカラムのクロマトグラフィ 一によつて分離する方法を用いることができる。 また、 生成した光学活性 な酸ァミ ド(Π )の反応媒体中の溶解度が低い場合には反応中に結晶が析出 するので、 これを ¾心分離などによって回収することができる。 The reaction temperature may be about 5-60 ° (preferably, about 15-50 ° C.) The reaction pH may be about 4-11, preferably about 7-10. The reaction time varies depending on the reaction conditions, but is usually in the range of 100 to 100 hours.The progress of the reaction is monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), etc., and the optical activity generated The reaction is preferably terminated when the optical purity of the acid amide (Π) is higher than the desired optical purity, preferably at least 80% ee, particularly preferably at least 90% ee. A new nitrile (I) may be added to the reaction solution so that the nitrile (I) concentration is maintained within the above range, The optically active acid amide ( Π) can be isolated from the reaction mixture by various methods, for example, hexane or azo acid And a method of separation by chromatography on a silica gel column. If the generated optically active acid amide (Π) has low solubility in the reaction medium, crystals precipitate during the reaction, and this can be recovered by centrifugation or the like.
また、 上記反応で生成した光学活性な酸アミ ド(Π )が所望の光学純度に 連しない場合、 優先晶出させる操作によって光学純度を高めることができ る。 Further, when the optically active acid amide (Π) generated by the above reaction does not correspond to the desired optical purity, the optical purity can be increased by the operation of preferential crystallization.
本発明の方法は、 本方法に用いる微生物の酵素二トリルヒ ドラターゼが ラセミ体の二トリル( I )の一方の異性体のみに選択的に作用して光学活性 な酸アミ ド(Π )を生成させることに基づいている。 また、 これら微生物の 二トリルを酸に変換する二トリラーゼ活性ならびに酸ァミ ドを酸に変換す るァミダーゼ活性が極めて低いため、 酸が生成することなく光学活性な酸 アミ ド(Π )が得られる。 さらに、 光学活性な酸アミ ド(Π )をラセミ体に変 换するラセマーゼ活性も極めて低いため、 光学純度が低下することなく酸 アミ ド(Π )を回収することができる。 In the method of the present invention, the enzyme nitrile hydratase of the microorganism used in the present method selectively acts on only one isomer of racemic nitrile (I) to generate an optically active acid amide (Π). It is based on that. In addition, since these microorganisms have extremely low nitrilase activity of converting nitrile to acid and amidase activity of converting acid amide to acid, optically active acid amide (Π) can be obtained without generation of acid. Can be Furthermore, since the racemase activity of converting an optically active acid amide (Π) into a racemate is extremely low, the acid amide (Π) can be recovered without lowering the optical purity.
本発明の方法により光学活性な酸アミ ド(Π )を製造すると、 未変換の光 学活性な二トリル化合物が残存する。 これは、 抽出、 遠心分離、 カラム分 離などの簡便な搡作で回収することができる。 この回収した光学活性な二 トリル化合物自体も、 医薬品や光学分割剤として有用な光学活性ァミンゃ 光学活性カルボン酸に変換して使用することができる。 また、 回収した光 学活性な二トリル化合物は、 例えば、 メタノールなどの溶媒中でアンモニ ァや水酸化ナトリウムなどにより処理することによって容易にラセミ化す ることができる。 このラセミ体の二トリル化合物( I )を本発明の方法にお いて再利用することができる。 従って、 光学活性な酸アミ ド(Π )のみの製 造を目的とするならば、 高収率で目的の光学活性な酸アミ ド(Π )を製造す
ることができる。 When an optically active acid amide (Π) is produced by the method of the present invention, an unconverted optically active nitrile compound remains. It can be recovered by simple operations such as extraction, centrifugation, and column separation. The recovered optically active nitrile compound itself can be converted into an optically active amine or optically active carboxylic acid which is useful as a pharmaceutical or an optical resolving agent and used. Further, the recovered optically active nitrile compound can be easily racemized by treating it with, for example, ammonia or sodium hydroxide in a solvent such as methanol. This racemic nitrile compound (I) can be reused in the method of the present invention. Therefore, if the purpose is to produce only the optically active acid amide (Π), the desired optically active acid amide (Π) can be produced in high yield. Can be
次に、 以下の反応式 1を参照して、 光学活性な酸アミ ド(π )を光学活性 なァミン(m)に立体保持しながら変換する方法の例について説明する。 Next, an example of a method for converting an optically active acid amide (π) into an optically active amine (m) while maintaining the steric configuration will be described with reference to the following reaction formula 1.
反応式 1Reaction formula 1
2NH 2NH
(IV) (IV)
[式中、 *は不斉炭素原子の位 Sを示し、 R 1および R 2は前記と同じ意味 を有する] 第 1の例は、 光学活性な酸アミ ド(D )を酸性条件下、 水素化ホウ紫ナト リウムで立体保持還元することにより、 目的の光学活性なアミン(III)を得 る方法である。 [In the formula, * indicates the position S of the asymmetric carbon atom, and R 1 and R 2 have the same meanings as described above.] The first example is that an optically active acid amide (D) is hydrogenated under acidic conditions. In this method, the desired optically active amine (III) is obtained by performing steric retention reduction with sodium borohydride.
この a元反応は不活性溶媒中で行われる。 不活性溶媒としては、 ジメチ ルスルホキシド(DM S 0)、 ジグリム、 エチレングリコールジメチルエー テル、 テトラヒドロフラン(T H F)、 または 1 , 4一ジォキサンなどの非 プロトン性溶媒が好ましい。 This a reaction is carried out in an inert solvent. As the inert solvent, an aprotic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), diglyme, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), or 1,4-dioxane is preferable.
この «元反応において使用される酸としては、 例えば、 臭化水素酸、 塩 酸、 硫酸、 硝酸などの無機酸、 舴酸、 P-トルエンスルホン酸、 メタンスル ホン酸などの有機酸、 またはトリフルォロホウ紫エーテル錯体、 塩化アル
ミ、 四塩化チタンなどのルイス酸が举げられる。 しかし、 高収率が得られ、 かつ取扱いが容易な胙酸が好ましい溶媒である。 酸の使用:!は、 光学活性 な酸アミ ド(Π )に対して約 1〜2 0モル当量、 好ましくは約 3〜1 0モル 当量である。 Examples of the acid used in the primary reaction include, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid; organic acids such as sulfuric acid, P-toluenesulfonic acid, and methanesulfonic acid; Ether complex, Al chloride Emit Lewis acids such as titanium tetrachloride. However, chloroic acid, which provides a high yield and is easy to handle, is a preferred solvent. Use of acid :! Is about 1 to 20 molar equivalents, preferably about 3 to 10 molar equivalents, based on the optically active acid amide (Π).
水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの使用量は、 酸アミ ド(Π )に対して約 1〜2 0 モル当 i、 好ましくは約 3〜1 0モル当: である。 The amount of sodium borohydride used is about 1 to 20 mole equivalents, preferably about 3 to 10 mole equivalents, based on the acid amide (Π).
反応は、 通常、 約 2 0〜2 0 0 °Cの温度で行う力、'、 副反応を制御するた めに約 5 0〜1 8 0 °Cの温度で行うのが好ましい。 The reaction is usually carried out at a temperature of about 20 to 200 ° C, preferably at a temperature of about 50 to 180 ° C to control side reactions.
この通元反応によって得られた光学活性なアミン(m)は、 例えば、 次の ようにして反応液から回収することができる。 即ち、 反応液を塩酸水溶液 などで強酸性にし、 この液をジクロロメタンやクロ σホルムなどの水と混 和しない有機溶媒で洗浄する。 次いで、 水層を強アルカリ性にし、 ジクロ ロメタンやクロ口ホルムなどの水と混和しない有機溶媒で抽出し、 抽出液 の溶媒を留去することにより光学活性なァミン(m)を得る。 The optically active amine (m) obtained by this general reaction can be recovered from the reaction solution, for example, as follows. That is, the reaction solution is made strongly acidic with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution or the like, and this solution is washed with a water-immiscible organic solvent such as dichloromethane or chloroform. Next, the aqueous layer is made strongly alkaline, and extracted with a water-immiscible organic solvent such as dichloromethane and chloroform, and the solvent of the extract is distilled off to obtain an optically active amine (m).
第 2の例は、 光学活性な酸アミ ド(Π )を立体保持したまま脱水し、 得ら れた光学活性な二トリル (IV)を立体保持したまま水素添加することにより、 目的の光学活性なァミン(m)を得る方法である。 In the second example, the desired optical activity is obtained by dehydrating the optically active acid amide (Π) while maintaining the steric state and hydrogenating the obtained optically active nitrile (IV) while maintaining the steric state. This is a method to obtain a good amine (m).
光学活性な酸アミ ド(π )の立体保持脱水反応は、 不活性溶媒中、 脱水剤 で処理することにより行われる。 The steric retention dehydration reaction of an optically active acid amide (π) is carried out by treating with a dehydrating agent in an inert solvent.
使用される脱水剤としては、 例えば、 塩化チォニル、 無水舴酸、 五酸化 二リンなどの脱水剤、 または硫酸、 P-トルエンスルホン酸などの共沸脱水 反応剤が挙げられる。 しかし、 高収率が得られ、 かつラセミ化を制御でき る塩化チォニルが好ましい脱水剤である。 塩化チォニルの使用量は、 光学 活性な酸アミ ド(Π )に対して約 1〜2 0当量、 好ましくは約 1〜3当量で ある。 この反応は約 5 0〜1 5 0 °Cの温度で行うことができるが、 副反応
を制御するため、 約 7 0〜1 0 0ての温度で行うのが好ましい。 不活性溶 媒としては、 例えば酢酸ェチルやトルエンなどが挙げられる。 Examples of the dehydrating agent to be used include a dehydrating agent such as thionyl chloride, anhydrous dianhydride and diphosphorus pentoxide, and an azeotropic dehydrating agent such as sulfuric acid and P-toluenesulfonic acid. However, thionyl chloride, which provides a high yield and can control racemization, is a preferred dehydrating agent. The amount of thionyl chloride to be used is about 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably about 1 to 3 equivalents, relative to the optically active acid amide (Π). This reaction can be carried out at a temperature of about 50-150 ° C, In order to control the temperature, it is preferable to carry out at a temperature of about 70 to 100. Examples of the inert solvent include ethyl acetate and toluene.
この脱水反応により得られる光学活性な二トリル(IV)は、 反応液を弱ァ ルカリ水溶液、 水、 または食塩水などで洗净した後、 溶媒を留去すること によつて反応液から回収することができる。 The optically active nitrile (IV) obtained by this dehydration reaction is recovered from the reaction solution by washing the reaction solution with a weak alkaline aqueous solution, water, or a saline solution, and then distilling off the solvent. be able to.
このようにして得られた光学活性な二トリル (IV)の立体保持水素添加は、 不活性溶媒中、 通元触媒の存在下に水素添加することにより行われる。 通元触媒としては、 均一系触媒あるいは不均一系触媒を用いることがて きる。 簡便かつ高収率で水紫添加できる不均一系触媒として、 例えば、 ラ ネーニッケルを用いるのが好ましい。 通元触媒の使用量は、 光学活性な二 トリル(IV)に対して約 1〜5 0 % (wtZwt比)、 好ましくは約 1 0〜3 0 % Ot/wt比)である。 不活性溶媒としては、 例えば、 メタノール、 エタノー ル、 イソプロパノールなどのアルコール系溶媒、 あるいはジグリム、 テト ラヒ ドロフラン(T H F)、 1 , 4一ジォキサンなどのエーテル系溶媒が挙 げられる。 副反応およびラセミ化の制御のためには、 エタノールあるいは ィソブロバノールが好ましい溶媒である。 The steric retention hydrogenation of the thus obtained optically active nitrile (IV) is carried out by hydrogenation in an inert solvent in the presence of a catalyst. As the source catalyst, a homogeneous catalyst or a heterogeneous catalyst can be used. For example, Raney nickel is preferably used as a heterogeneous catalyst which can be added in a simple and high yield with water purple. The amount of the catalyst used is about 1 to 50% (wtZwt ratio), preferably about 10 to 30% Ot / wt ratio, based on the optically active nitrile (IV). Examples of the inert solvent include alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, and ether solvents such as diglyme, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,4-dioxane. For controlling side reactions and racemization, ethanol or isobrovanol are preferred solvents.
水素添加は室温〜 1 2 0て、 好ましくは室温〜 8 0 の温度で行うのが 望ましい。 水素圧は 1〜1 0 0kgZcm2 'Gであってよく、 好ましくは 5〜 8 0 kgZcm2'Gである。 また、 ジアルキルァミンなどの副生成物の生成を 抑制するために、 反応液にアンモニア水を添加するのが効果的である。 添 加するアンモニアの量は、 光学活性な二トリル (IV)に対して約 0. 0 1〜 1 . 0モル当量であってよく、 ラセミ化抑制のためには約 0. 1〜0. 5モ ル当量であるのが好ましい。 The hydrogenation is preferably carried out at room temperature to 120, preferably at room temperature to 80. The hydrogen pressure may be between 1 and 100 kgZcm 2 'G, preferably between 5 and 800 kgZcm 2 ' G. Further, it is effective to add aqueous ammonia to the reaction solution in order to suppress the generation of by-products such as dialkylamine. The amount of ammonia to be added may be about 0.01 to 1.0 molar equivalent relative to the optically active nitrile (IV), and about 0.1 to 0.5 to suppress racemization. It is preferably a molar equivalent.
得られた光学活性なアミン(Π )の反応液からの回収は、 上記と同様にし て行うことができる。
上記の通元反応で生成した光学活性なアミン(m)が所望の光学純度に達 しない場合には、 光学活性なアミン(in)と酸性物質との塩を優先的に晶出 させる方法、 あるいは光学活性カルボン酸とのジァステレオマー塩を形成 させる方法を用いることにより、 光学純度を向上させることができる。 本発明の方法を実施する際の、 出発物質、 中間生成物および目的生成物 の光学純度は、 例えばキラルセル 0D— R、 キラルセル 0 J、 キラル AG P、 クラウンパック(CBOfNPAK)CR (ダイセル化学工業)、 セラモスパー . キラル(Ceramosper Chiral)RU— 1 (资生堂)、 スミキラル (SUMICHIBAL) 0 A (住友化学分析センター)、 ォプチ-パック(Opti-pak) T A [ウォーター ズ (Waters)]などの光学分割カラムを用いた HP L C分析によって測定す ることができる。 The obtained optically active amine (II) can be recovered from the reaction solution in the same manner as described above. When the optically active amine (m) formed by the above-mentioned reaction does not reach the desired optical purity, a method of preferentially crystallizing a salt between the optically active amine (in) and an acidic substance, or By using a method of forming a diastereomer salt with an optically active carboxylic acid, the optical purity can be improved. In carrying out the method of the present invention, the optical purity of the starting materials, intermediate products and target products is determined, for example, by Chiral Cell 0D-R, Chiral Cell 0J, Chiral AGP, Crown Pack (CBOfNPAK) CR (Daicel Chemical Industries) , Ceramosper Chiral RU-1 (资 seido), Sumichiral (SUMICHIBAL) 0 A (Sumitomo Chemical Analysis Center), Opti-pak TA (Waters), etc. It can be measured by the HP LC analysis used.
実施例 Example
次に、 実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明するが、 これら実施例は本発 明の範囲を限定するものではない。 Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but these examples do not limit the scope of the present invention.
なお、 以下の実施例における%表示は、 特記しない限り、 重量 Z容量 O /v)%を示す。 光学活性な酸アミ ドの生成率および光学純度は、 高速液体 クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)によって測定した。 生成率は、 反応に用い た二トリル(ラセミ体)の全体量に基づいて算出した(従って、 最大値は 5 0%である)。 また、 光学純度はェナンチォマー過剰率によって示した。 The percentages in the following examples represent weight Z capacity O / v)% unless otherwise specified. The production rate and optical purity of the optically active acid amide were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The yield was calculated based on the total amount of nitrile (racemic) used in the reaction (therefore, the maximum value was 50%). Optical purity was indicated by the enantiomeric excess.
実施例 1 (S)— 2_フヱニルー 3—メチルブチルアミ ドの製造 Example 1 Production of (S) -2_phenyl-3-methylbutylamide
1%フマル酸ナ トリウム、 1%酵母エキス、 0.2%リ ン酸 2カリウム、 0.1%塩化ナトリウム、 0.02%硫酸マグネシウム · 7水塩、 0.00 3%硫酸第一鉄 · 7水塩、 および 0.03%ε—力プロラクタムを含む液 体培地 (ρΗ6.3)10 Onlを滅菌した。 これに、 同一培地で予め培養した ロ ドコッカス . マリス BP— 479— 9(FERM BP— 5219)の培
養物を 2%(vZv)となるように植菌し、 28てで 36時間、 振 »培養した。 培養終了後、 培養物を遠心分離して菌体を集め、 この菌体を 0.01 Mリ ン酸锾銜液 (pH7.5)40mlに ®®した。 次いで、 油状の 2—フ: L二ルー 3—メチルプチロニ卜リノレ 20 gを加え、 35。Cで援拌しながら 40時間 反応させた。 反応終了液の一部を下記の H PLC分析条件にて分析したと ころ、 2—フ 二ルー 3—メチルブチルアミ ドの生成率は 34%、 S体の 光学純度は 92.0 %e. e.であった。 2—フヱニルー 3—メチル酪酸の生 成は認められなかった。 1% sodium fumarate, 1% yeast extract, 0.2% dipotassium phosphate, 0.1% sodium chloride, 0.02% magnesium sulfate7 hydrate, 0.003% ferrous sulfate7 hydrate, and 0.03% ε — 10 Onl of a liquid medium (ρΗ6.3) containing force prolactam was sterilized. This was followed by the culture of Rhodococcus maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219) previously cultured in the same medium. The nutrients were inoculated to 2% (vZv) and shake-cultured at 28 days for 36 hours. After completion of the culture, the culture was centrifuged to collect the cells, and the cells were dissolved in 40 ml of a 0.01 M phosphate solution (pH 7.5). Then, 20 g of oily 2-fu: L 2-loo 3-methylbutyronitrile was added, 35. The reaction was carried out for 40 hours while stirring with C. When a part of the reaction solution was analyzed under the following HPLC analysis conditions, the yield of 2-fluoro-3-methylbutylamide was 34%, and the optical purity of the S-isomer was 92.0% ee. . No production of 2-phenyl-3-methylbutyric acid was observed.
反応終了液に 6 Onlのへキサンを加え、 30分間撹拌した後、 ¾過した ところ(S)— 2—フエ二ルー 3—メチルブチルアミ ド 6.89gを含む固形 物が得られた(光学純度 98.6 He. e.)0 尚、 «液中には、 12.5 gの R 体リツチの 2—フ 二ルー 3—メチルブチロニトリルと 0.66gのラセ ミ体の 2—フエ二ルー 3—メチルブチルアミ ド(S : R= 1 : 1)が含まれ ていた。 6 Onl of hexane was added to the reaction-terminated liquid, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. After filtration, a solid containing 6.89 g of (S) -2-phenyl-3-methylbutylamide was obtained (optical purity). 98.6 He.e.) 0 «In the liquid, 12.5 g of R-rich 2-methyl-3-methylbutyronitrile and 0.66 g of 2-hemi3-methylbutyl racemic Amides (S: R = 1: 1) were included.
次いで、 上記の固形物にメタノール 10mlを加えて溶解した後、 活性炭 0.7gを加え、 援拌し、 ¾過した。 ¾過したメタノール溶液を減圧濃縮し た後、 乾燥して表題化合物の白色結晶 6.33gを得た。 Next, 10 ml of methanol was added to the solid to dissolve it, and then 0.7 g of activated carbon was added thereto, followed by stirring and filtration. The filtered methanol solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and dried to obtain 6.33 g of the title compound as white crystals.
I R(NaCl): 3400、 3180、 2970、 1960、 1890、 1805、 1760、 1650、 1600、 1450、 1405、 125 0、 700CID-1 ; IR (NaCl): 3400, 3180, 2970, 1960, 1890, 1805, 1760, 1650, 1600, 1450, 1405, 1250, 700CID- 1 ;
NMR(CDC13)(5: 0.71 (d.3 H, J = 6.7 Hz). 1.08(d.3 H, J =6.7Hz), 2.2〜2.6(m, 1H)、 2.92 ( d.1 H, J = 10. 1 Hz), 5.56(b r, 2H)、 7.1-7.6 (m.5H); NMR (CDC1 3) (5: . 0.71 (d.3 H, J = 6.7 Hz) 1.08 (d.3 H, J = 6.7Hz), 2.2~2.6 (m, 1H), 2.92 (d.1 H, J = 10.1 Hz), 5.56 (br, 2H), 7.1-7.6 (m.5H);
MS(m/e): 178(M+1)+ ; MS (m / e): 178 (M + 1) + ;
光学純度: 98.6%e.e. (下記の分析条件による HPLC分析)。
1^? (:分析条件ー1(定量) Optical purity: 98.6% ee (HPLC analysis under the following analysis conditions). 1 ^? (: Analysis condition-1 (quantification)
カラム: ノバパック ·フユニル(ウォーターズ) Column: Novapack Huunil (Waters)
溶離液:ァセトニトリノレ: 5 OmMリン酸一力リウム Eluent: acetonitrile: 5 OmM monolithium phosphate
= 40 : 60 (pH3.5) = 40: 60 (pH3.5)
流速 : 0.6πι1Ζ分 Flow velocity: 0.6πι1Ζmin
検出 : UV260nm Detection: UV260nm
保持時間: 2.1分 Retention time: 2.1 minutes
HP LC分析条件一 2 (光学純度) HP LC analysis conditions 1 (optical purity)
カラム:キラルセル OD— R (ダイセル化学工業) 0.46 X 25cm 溶離液:ァセトニトリル: 50 πιΜリン酸一力リウム Column: Chiral Cell OD-R (Daicel Chemical Industries) 0.46 X 25cm Eluent: Acetonitrile: 50 πιΜ monolithium phosphate
=40 : 60 (ρΗ3.5) = 40: 60 (ρΗ3.5)
流速 : 1.5 ml/分 Flow rate: 1.5 ml / min
検出 : UV220nn Detection: UV220nn
保持時間: S体 3.9分、 R体 5.0分 さらに、 下記表 1に挙げた他の徼生物を、 上記と同様の方法で、 2—フ 二ルー 3—メチルプチロニトリルに作用させた。 HP LCで測定した 2— フェ二ルー 3—メチルブチルァミ ドの生成率と光学純度を表 1に示す。
Retention time: 3.9 minutes for S-form, 5.0 minutes for R-form. In addition, the other organisms listed in Table 1 below were allowed to act on 2-fluoro-3-methylbutyronitrile in the same manner as described above. Table 1 shows the production rate and optical purity of 2-phenyl-3-methylbutylamide measured by HP LC.
表 table
株 生成率 光学純度 Strain generation rate Optical purity
(%) (%e. e. ) ロ ドコッカス 'エスピー KPO-2028 (FERM BP-5216) 18.9 82.4 ロ ドコッカス 'エスピー PP-25 CFER BP-5217) 17.5 81. 6 ロ ドコッカス 'エスピー PP-121 (FERM BP-5218) 30.5 91.6 ロ ドコッカス ·マリス BP- 479-9 CFERM BP-5219) 34 92. 0 ブレビパクテリゥム 'エスピー PP-133-7 (FERM BP-5221) 16. 8 90. 4 実施例 2 S—(+)— 2—フヱニルー 3.3—ジメチルブチルアミ ドの 製造 (%) (% ee) Rhodococcus' SP KPO-2028 (FERM BP-5216) 18.9 82.4 Rhodococcus' SP PP-25 CFER BP-5217) 17.5 81.6 Rhodococcus' SP PP-121 (FERM BP-5218) 30.5 91.6 Rhodococcus maris BP-479-9 CFERM BP-5219) 34 92.0 Brevipacterium 'SP PP-133-7 (FERM BP-5221) 16. 8 90. 4 Example 2 S— ( +) — Production of 2-phenyl-3.3-dimethylbutylamide
0.5%グルコース、 0.5%フマル酸ナトリウム、 0.2%リン酸 2力 リウム、 0.1%塩化ナトリウム、 0.02%硫酸マグネシウム · 7水塩、 0.003%硫酸第一铁 * 7水塩、 0.03%e—力プロラクタム、 および 0.1%イソプチロニトリルを含む液体培地 (pH 6.3)50mlを滅菌した。 これに、 同一培地で予め培養した下記表 2の各微生物の培養物を 2 % (v/ V)となるように植菌し、 28°Cで 30時間、 振 ¾培養した。 これら培養物 を各々に¾心分離して各菌体を集め、 これらを 0.01Mリン酸緩衝液 (p H7.0)10 mlに 滞した。 これら各々に 2—フヱニルー 3.3—ジメチ ルブチロニトリル 10 Onigを添加し、 28てで 10時間培養した。 HPL Cで測定した表題化合物の生成率と光学純度を表 2に示す。 0.5% glucose, 0.5% sodium fumarate, 0.2% dibasic phosphate, 0.1% sodium chloride, 0.02% magnesium sulfate7 hydrate, 0.003% sulfuric acid I * 7 hydrate, 0.03% e-prolactam , And 50 ml of a liquid medium (pH 6.3) containing 0.1% isobutyronitrile was sterilized. To this, a culture of each of the microorganisms shown in Table 2 below, which had been preliminarily cultured in the same medium, was inoculated to a concentration of 2% (v / V) and shake-cultured at 28 ° C for 30 hours. Each of these cultures was centrifuged to collect each cell, and these cells were kept in 10 ml of a 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). To each of them, 10-ig of 2-phenyl-3.3-dimethylbutyronitrile was added, and the cells were cultured at 28 days for 10 hours. Table 2 shows the yield and optical purity of the title compound measured by HPLC.
この表から、 本発明の方法において利用する微生物が他の微生物よりも 優れていることが明らかである。
表 2 From this table, it is clear that the microorganism used in the method of the present invention is superior to other microorganisms. Table 2
B 株 生成率 光学純度 B strain generation rate Optical purity
(¾) ― (i¾e. e. ) コリネバクテリゥム 'エスビー A68 (FE M BP-5215) 30.3 97.9 ロドコッカス ·マリス BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219) 40.5 97.2 バチルス ·サブチリス PP-116-15 (FERM BP-5220) 20.1 93.2 ブレビバクテリウム ·エスピー PP-133-7 CFERH BP-5221) 36.7 96.9 アル力リゲネス ·エスピー HP-611 (FERM P-12633) * 8.9 95.2 ノカルディア ' グロべルラ ATCC 21505 1.9 90.9 ロドンユードモナス 'スフエロイデス ATCC 11167 6.2 88.0 キャンディダ* トロビカリス ATCC 2031 2.3 85^_2 (¾) ― (i¾e.e.) Corynebacterium 'SB A68 (FE M BP-5215) 30.3 97.9 Rhodococcus maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219) 40.5 97.2 Bacillus subtilis PP-116-15 (FERM BP-5220) 20.1 93.2 Brevibacterium sp.PP-133-7 CFERH BP-5221) 36.7 96.9 Al force Ligenes sp.HP-611 (FERM P-12633) * 8.9 95.2 Nocardia 'globerla ATCC 21505 1.9 90.9 Rodon Eudomonas' Shueroides ATCC 11167 6.2 88.0 Candida * Trobicalis ATCC 2031 2.3 85 ^ _2
* アルカリゲネス 'エスピー HP-611(FE P-12633)の蘭学的性質は、 特開平 5-192190号公報に記載されている。 実施例 3 (S)— 2—シクロへキシルー 2—フエニルァセトアミ ドの製 造 * The Dutch properties of Alcaligenes' SP HP-611 (FE P-12633) are described in JP-A-5-192190. Example 3 Production of (S) -2-cyclohexyl-2-phenylacetamide
ロ ドコッカス *マリス BP— 479— 9株(FERM BP— 5219) を実施例 1と同様の培養条件で培養した。 次いで、 遠心分離により菌体を 集め、 菌体を洗浄した後、 蒸留水 10mlに懸濁させた。 これに、 2—シク 口へキシルー 2—フヱ二ルァセトニトリル 10 Otngを加え、 30でで 24 時間反応させた。 HPLCによって分析したところ、 (S)— 2—シクロへ キシルー 2—フヱニルァセトアミ ドが生成率 18%で生成し、 S体の光学 純度は 8 l%e.e.であることがわかった。 尚、 2—シクロへキシルー 2— フエニル酢酸は生成しなかった。 Rhodococcus * Maris BP-479-9 strain (FERM BP-5219) was cultured under the same culture conditions as in Example 1. Then, the cells were collected by centrifugation, washed, and suspended in 10 ml of distilled water. To this, 10 Otng of 2-cyclohexyl-2-phenylacetonitrile was added and reacted at 30 for 24 hours. Analysis by HPLC revealed that (S) -2-cyclohexyl-2-phenylacetamide was produced at a production rate of 18%, and the optical purity of the S-isomer was 8 l% e.e. Incidentally, 2-cyclohexyl-2-phenylacetic acid was not produced.
定量および光学純度は、 それぞれ次の H PLC条件で行った。
1? 0分析条件ー1(定量) Quantification and optical purity were performed under the following HPLC conditions, respectively. 1? 0 Analysis condition-1 (quantitative)
カラム : ノバパック 'フエニル (ウォーターズ) Column: Novapack 'Fenyl (Waters)
溶離液: 13mMリン酸 2水素アンモニゥム: ァセトニトリル Eluent: 13mM dihydrogen phosphate ammonium: acetonitrile
=62 : 38 = 62: 38
流速 : 1. Onl/分 Flow rate: 1. Onl / min
検出 : UV260nm Detection: UV260nm
保持時間: 2.2分 Retention time: 2.2 minutes
HPLC分析条件一 2 (光学純度) HPLC analysis conditions 1 (optical purity)
カラム : キラルセル OD— R (ダイセル化学ェ集) 0.46 X 25 cm 溶離液:水: ァセトニトリル =30 : 70 Column: Chiral cell OD-R (Daicel Chemical Collection) 0.46 x 25 cm Eluent: water: acetonitrile = 30: 70
流速 : 0, 5πι1Ζ分 Flow velocity: 0, 5πι1Ζmin
検出 : UV260nni Detection: UV260nni
保持時間: S体 9.5分、 R体 12.0分 Retention time: S body 9.5 minutes, R body 12.0 minutes
実施例 4 (S)— 2, 3.3—トリフ ニルブロピオンアミ ドの製造 Example 4 Production of (S) -2,3.3-triphenylpropionamide
1.5%エタノール、 1%酵母エキス、 0.2%リン酸 2カリウム、 0. 1%塩化ナトリウム、 0.02%硫酸マグネシウム · 7水塩、 0.003% 硫酸第 1鉄 · 7水塩、 および 0.2%ァセトニトリルを含む液体培地 (pH 6.3)1 Lを滅菌した。 これに、 同一培地で予め培養したブレビパクテリ ゥム 'エスピー PP— 133— 7株(FERM B P— 5221 )を 2 %(v Zv)となるように植菌し、 28てで 45時間培養した。 培養終了後、 菌体 を遠心分離によって集め、 この菌体を 0.05Mリン酸緩衝液 (pH 7.5) 90mlとジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)l 0mlの混合液に懸濁した。 次 いで、 2, 3, 3—トリフエニルプロピオ二トリル 0. lgを加え、 30てで 48時間反応させた。 反応終了後、 反応液を下記の条件下で H PL C分析 したところ、 表題化合物が生成率 11 %で生成し、 光学純度は 82 %e. e.
であることがわかった。 Liquid containing 1.5% ethanol, 1% yeast extract, 0.2% dipotassium phosphate, 0.1% sodium chloride, 0.02% magnesium sulfate7 hydrate, 0.003% ferrous sulfate7 hydrate, and 0.2% acetonitrile One liter of medium (pH 6.3) was sterilized. To this, Brevibacterium sp. PP-133-7 strain (FERM BP-5221), which had been previously cultured in the same medium, was inoculated to a concentration of 2% (v Zv), and cultured at 28 days for 45 hours. After completion of the culture, the cells were collected by centrifugation, and the cells were suspended in a mixed solution of 90 ml of 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) and 10 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Next, 0.1 lg of 2,3,3-triphenylpropionitrile was added, and the mixture was reacted at 30 parts for 48 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was analyzed by HPLC under the following conditions. The title compound was produced at a production rate of 11%, and the optical purity was 82% ee. It turned out to be.
HPLC分析条件— 1(定量) HPLC analysis conditions-1 (quantitative)
カラム : ノバパック ·フヱニル (ウォーターズ) Column: Novapack Bunil (Waters)
溶離液: 13nMリン酸 2水素アンモニゥム : ァセトニトリル Eluent: 13nM dihydrogen phosphate ammonium: acetonitrile
= 62 : 38 = 62: 38
流速 : 1. Oml/分 Flow rate: 1. Oml / min
検出 : UV260nm Detection: UV260nm
保持時間: 3.5分 Retention time: 3.5 minutes
HP LC分析条件一 2 (光学純度) HP LC analysis conditions 1 (optical purity)
カラム : キラルセル OD— R (ダイセル化学工業) 0.46 X 25cm 溶雕液:水: ァセトニトリル- 40 : 60 Column: Chiral cell OD-R (Daicel Chemical Industries) 0.46 x 25cm Solvent: Water: acetonitrile-40: 60
流速 : 0.5ml/分 Flow rate: 0.5ml / min
検出 : UV260tm Detection: UV260tm
保持時間: S体 13.4分、 R体 15.0分 Retention time: S body 13.4 minutes, R body 15.0 minutes
参考例 1 (R)— 2—フエ二ルー 3—メチルプチロニトリルの回収およ びラセミィ匕 Reference Example 1 Recovery of (R)-2-phenyl-3-methylbutyronitrile and racemic dani
実施例 1で得た R体リツチな 2—フヱ二ルー 3—メチルプチロニトリル とラセミ体の 2—フユ二ルー 3—メチルプチルァミ ドを含むへキサン溶液 からへキサンを減圧下に留去し、 油状物質を得た。 この油状物質 10g(R 体リツチな 2—フエ二ルー 3—メチルプチロニ卜リスレ 9.5g、 およびラセ ミ体の 2—フヱニルー 3—メチルブチルアミ ド 0.5 gを含有)に塩化チォ ニル 3.3gを添加し、 85てで 1.5時間通流した。 この反応液を 20nl の水で 2回洗浄し、 分液して R体リツチな 2—フエ二ルー 3—メチルプチ ロニトリル 9.7g(R: S = 77 : 23)を得た。 尚、 2—フヱニルー 3— メチルブチルアミ ドはもはや検出されなかった。
次いで、 R体リツチな 2—フユ二ルー 3—メチルブチロニトリノレ 9.7g にメタノール 2.5mlと 6 N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液 0.4 mlを加え、 25 °Cで 1時間攬拌した。 次いで、 この反応液を 6 N塩酸で pH 7に調整した 後、 減圧濃縮して、 ラセミ体の 2—フユ二ルー 3—メチルブチロニトリル (R: S =l : 1)を 9.2g得た。 Hexane was distilled off under reduced pressure from the hexane solution containing the R-form-rich 2-phenyl-3-methylbutyronitrile and the racemic 2-fluoro-3-methylbutyramide obtained in Example 1. An oil was obtained. 3.3 g of thionyl chloride was added to 10 g of this oily substance (containing 9.5 g of 2-phenyl-3-methylbutyronitrile with R-form and 0.5 g of racemic 2-phenyl-3-methylbutylamide). It was passed for 1.5 hours at 85. The reaction solution was washed twice with 20 nl of water and separated to obtain 9.7 g (R: S = 77: 23) of R-rich, 2-phenyl-2-methylbutyronitrile. In addition, 2-phenyl-3-methylbutylamide was no longer detected. Next, 2.5 ml of methanol and 0.4 ml of a 6N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide were added to 9.7 g of R-rich 2-fluoro-3-methylbutyronitrile, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C for 1 hour. Then, the reaction solution was adjusted to pH 7 with 6 N hydrochloric acid, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 9.2 g of racemic 2-fuyuni 3-methylbutyronitrile (R: S = 1 : 1). .
尚、 2—フ L二ルー 3—メチルプチロニトリルの光学純度は、 以下に示 す H PLC条件にて測定した。 In addition, the optical purity of 2-fluoro-2-methylbutyronitrile was measured under the following HPLC conditions.
カラム ォプチ-パック TA (ウォーターズ) Column Opti-Pak TA (Waters)
溶離液 ィソプロパノールノへキサン =2.5/97.5 Eluent isopropanol hexane = 2.5 / 97.5
流速 1. OinlZ分 Flow rate 1. OinlZ min
検出 UV254 no Detection UV254 no
保持時間: R体 7.7分、 S体 8.6分 Retention time: R body 7.7 minutes, S body 8.6 minutes
参考例 2 ロドコッカス ' マリス BP— 479— 9株が産生するニト リルヒドラターゼの精製 Reference Example 2 Purification of nitrile hydratase produced by Rhodococcus' Maris BP-479- 9 strain
ロ ドコッカス . マリス BP-479— 9株(FERM BP— 5219) を実施例 1と同様にして 2 Lの液体培地で培養し、 次いで培養物を遠心分 離することにより菌体 26gを集めた。 これを、 40mMイソブチルアミ ド を含む 30 mMリン酸カリウム緩衝液 (PH 7.3)で洗浄した後、 同緩衝液 60mlに懸濁した。 次いで、 9 KHzでの超音波処理を氷冷下.に約 10分 間行い、 菌体を破砕した。 この菌体破砕液を 1800 Orpmで 20分間遠 心分離して細胞残骸を除去し、 細胞抽出液を得た。 該抽出液の二ト リルヒ ドラターゼの比活性は、 0.126U/mgであった。 Rhodococcus maris BP-479-9 strain (FERM BP-5219) was cultured in a 2 L liquid medium in the same manner as in Example 1, and then the culture was centrifuged to collect 26 g of cells. This is washed with 30 mM potassium phosphate buffer containing 40mM Isobuchiruami de (P H 7.3), and suspended in the same buffer 60 ml. Then, the cells were sonicated at 9 KHz under ice-cooling for about 10 minutes to disrupt the cells. This cell lysate was centrifuged at 1800 Orpm for 20 minutes to remove cell debris and obtain a cell extract. The specific activity of nitrile hydratase in the extract was 0.126 U / mg.
該抽出液を上記と同一の緩衝液 2 Lにて透析し、 得られた透析内液を D EAE—セルロースのカラムに入れ、 0〜0.5M埴化ナトリゥムを含む 5 OmMリン酸カリウム緩衢液(pH 7.0 )の直線的'濃度勾配液により溶離
した。 酵素活性を含む分画を集め、 15%硫酸アンモニゥムを添加した後、 フエ二ルセファロース CL一 4 Bのカラムに入れ、 4 OmMイソブチルァ ミ ドを含む 5 OmMリン酸カリウム接衝液 (pH 7.3)で溶離した。 酵素活 性を含む分画を集め、 60%硫酸アンモニゥム飽和により埴析した。 得ら れた沈 »物を少量の 5 OmMリン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH 7.3)に溶解し、 同锾衝液で透析して精製鰺素を得た。 The extract was dialyzed against 2 L of the same buffer as above, and the resulting dialysate was placed in a column of DEAE-cellulose, and a 5 OmM potassium phosphate buffer containing 0 to 0.5 M sodium chloride was added. Elution with linear (pH 7.0) gradient did. The fractions containing the enzymatic activity were collected, 15% ammonium sulfate was added, and the mixture was placed in a column of Phenyl Sepharose CL-14B, followed by 5 OmM potassium phosphate buffer containing 4 OmM isobutylamide (pH 7.3). Eluted. Fractions containing the enzyme activity were collected and subjected to humidification with 60% ammonium sulfate saturation. The obtained precipitate was dissolved in a small amount of 5 OmM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) and dialyzed with the same buffer to obtain purified nitrogen.
2—フヱニルー 3—メチルプチロニトリルを基質としたときの、 本酵¾ の二トリルヒドラターゼとしての比活性は、 0.738UZmgであり、 生 成した(S)— 2—フ 二ルー 3—メチルブチルアミ ドの光学純度は、 生成 率 40%のときに 94%e.e.であった。 The specific activity of this enzyme as nitrile hydratase using 2-phenyl-3-methylbutyronitrile as a substrate was 0.738 UZmg, and the produced (S) -2-fluoro-3-methyl The optical purity of butylamide was 94% ee at a production rate of 40%.
該精製酵素の性賓および酵衆活性の測定法は次の通りである。 The method for measuring the sex and fermentation activities of the purified enzyme is as follows.
(1)精製酵素の性質 (1) Properties of purified enzyme
(a)作用 (a) Action
二卜リル化合物 1分子を水和し、 酸アミ ド化合物 1分子を生成する反応 を触媒する。 ラセミ体の 2—フヱニルー 3—メチルプチロニトリルに対し ては、 その(S)-体に作用する速度が(R)-体に対するよりも著しく速く、 桔果的に光学活性な(S)— 2—フユ二ルー 3メチルブチルァミ ドを生成す る。 It catalyzes the reaction of hydrating one molecule of a tritol compound to produce one molecule of an acid amide compound. For the racemic 2-phenyl-3-methylbutyronitrile, the rate of action on the (S) -form is significantly faster than on the (R) -form, and the optically active (S) — Produces 2-methyl-3-methylbutylamide.
(b)サブュニッ トの分子量 (b) Subunit molecular weight
SDS—ポリアクリルアミ ドゲル電気泳動により、 分子量 24000お よび 25100の 2つのサブュニッ 卜が検出された。 SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis detected two submissions with molecular weights of 24000 and 25100.
(2)酵素活性の測定法 (2) Method for measuring enzyme activity
10 OmMリン酸カリウム緩衝液 (pH 8.0)0.9ml、 200 mM 2—フ 二ルー 3—メチルプチロニトリルのメタノール溶液 0.05 mlおよび適当 量の酵衆液を加え、 linlになるように湖整し、 30てで 30分間反応させ
る。 次いで、 メタノール lmlを添加して反応を停止させ、 生成した 2—フエ 二ルー 3—メチルブチルァミ ドの量と光学純度を H P L Cにて測定する。 分析条件は、 上記の実施例 1に記載した通りである。 Add 0.9 ml of 10 OmM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), 0.05 ml of 200 mM 2-fluoro-3-methylbutyronitrile in methanol and an appropriate amount of fermentation broth, and adjust the volume to linl. And let it react for 30 minutes You. Next, the reaction is stopped by adding 1 ml of methanol, and the amount and optical purity of the produced 2-phenyl 3-methylbutylamide are measured by HPLC. The analysis conditions are as described in Example 1 above.
以上のように、 本酵素は二トリル化合物を酸アミ ド化合物に変換する二 トリノレヒドラターゼであり、 2—フヱ二ルー 3—メチルプチロニトリルお よびその類似 *造を有する二トリル化合物を光学選択的に水和するという 優れた効果を有する酵素である。 As described above, this enzyme is a nitrile rehydratase that converts a nitrile compound to an acid amide compound, and is a nitrile compound having 2-phenyl-3-methylbutyronitrile and its analogous structure. It is an enzyme that has an excellent effect of optically hydrating A.
参考例 3 (S)— 2—フユ二ルー 3—メチルブチルアミンの合成 光学純度 98.6 %e. e.の(S)— 2—フユ二ルー 3—メチルブチルアミ ド 2.0 Og(l 1.28mモル)を水紫化ホウ素ナトリウム 2.13g(56.4 2nモル)のジグリム溶液 57mlに加え、 これに舴酸 3.39g(56.42m モル)のジグリム溶液 28 mlを 15分間で滴下し、 還流下に 3.5時間授拌 した。 反応終了後、 反応液に濃塩酸を加えて pHlとし、 残渣を濾別した 後、 クロ口ホルム 2 Omlを加えて抽出した。 次いで、 水履を 4N NaOH 水溶液で pH13とし、 クロ口ホルム 20mlを加えて抽出した。 有機層を 減圧濃縮し、 無色透明の油伏物として(S)— 2—フ Xニル 3—メチルプチ ルァミン 1.29g (収率 70.0%)を得た。 Reference Example 3 Synthesis of (S) -2-fluoro-3-methylbutylamine Optical purity 98.6% ee of (S) -2-fluoro-3-methylbutylamide 2.0 Og (1.28 mmol) in water purple To 57 ml of a diglyme solution of 2.13 g (56.42 nmol) of sodium borohydride, 28 ml of a diglyme solution of 3.39 g (56.42 mmol) of diacid was added dropwise over 15 minutes, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3.5 hours. After the reaction was completed, concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to the reaction solution to adjust the pH to 1. Then, the residue was separated by filtration, and 2 mL of chloroform was added for extraction. Next, the water was adjusted to pH 13 with a 4N aqueous NaOH solution, and 20 ml of black-mouthed form was added for extraction. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 1.29 g (yield: 70.0%) of (S) -2-phenyl-3-methylbutylamine as a colorless and transparent oily product.
I R(NaCl) : 3370, 2956、 2871、 1945、 1871、 1804、 1750、 1601、 1492、 1452、 702d"1 ; IR (NaCl): 3370, 2956, 2871, 1945, 1871, 1804, 1750, 1601, 1492, 1452, 702d "1;
NMR(CDCl3)d> : 0.72(d, 3H. J-6.7 Hz). 0.98(d.3 H. J=6.7Hz)、 1.07(b r.1 H). 1.85 ( d q , 1 H. J = 4.6. J-6.7Hz)、 2.32(d t, 1H, J=4.6 Hz, J = 8.4 Hz), 2.8 〜3.2(m, 2H)、 7.1〜7.4(m.5H) ; NMR (CDCl 3 ) d>: 0.72 (d, 3H.J-6.7 Hz) .0.98 (d.3 H.J = 6.7 Hz), 1.07 (b r.1 H) .1.85 (dq, 1 H.J) = 4.6.J-6.7Hz), 2.32 (dt, 1H, J = 4.6Hz, J = 8.4Hz), 2.8-3.2 (m, 2H), 7.1-7.4 (m.5H);
MS(mZe): 164(M+ 1)+; MS (mZe): 164 (M + 1) + ;
光学純度: 98.6 %e. e. (下記の分析条件による H PLC分析)。
HP LC分析条件 Optical purity: 98.6% ee (HPLC analysis under the following analysis conditions). HP LC analysis conditions
カラム : クラウンパック CR(+) (ダイセル化学工業) 0.4x 15cm 溶雕液 : 0. IN HC10<: メタノール- 85: 15 Column: Crown Pack CR (+) (Daicel Chemical Industries) 0.4x 15cm Engraved liquid: 0. IN HC10 <: Methanol-85: 15
流速 : 0. δαιΙΖ分 Flow velocity: 0. δαιΙΖmin
検出 : UV210nm Detection: UV210nm
保持時間: S体 61.8分、 R体 80.8分 Retention time: S body 61.8 minutes, R body 80.8 minutes
参考例 4 (S)— 2—フユ二ルー 3—メチルプチロニトリルの合成 酢酸ェチル 4 mlに光学純度 98.6%e.e.の(S)— 2—フ 二ルー 3— メチルプチルァミ ド 2.00g(l 1.28Bモル)および塩化チォニル 1.7 5g(l 4.66πモル)を加え、 通流下に 2時間撹拌した。 反応終了後、 反 応液を水 8 mlで洗浄した。 次いで、 水 8 mlを加え、 さらに 4N NaOH水 溶液を加えて pH 7に調整して洗浄し、 さらに 5 %NaC 1水溶液にて洗浄 した。 このように洗浄した有機層を減圧濃縮し、 淡黄色透明油状物として (S)— 2—フエ二ルー 3—メチルプチロニトリノレ 1.78g (収率 99.0%) を得た。 Reference Example 4 (S) —Synthesis of 2-fluoro-3-methylbutyronitrile (4) Ethyl acetate (4 ml) with optical purity of 98.6% ee Mol) and 1.75 g (l 4.66π mol) of thionyl chloride were added, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours under flowing gas. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was washed with 8 ml of water. Next, 8 ml of water was added, and a 4N aqueous solution of NaOH was added to adjust the pH to 7, followed by washing, and further washing with a 5% aqueous NaCl solution. The organic layer thus washed was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 1.78 g (yield: 99.0%) of (S) -2-phenyl-3-methylbutyronitrile as a pale yellow transparent oil.
IR(NaCl) : 2966、 2237、 1954、 1879、 1809、 1734、 1601、 1491、 1456、 700 】 : IR (NaCl): 2966, 2237, 1954, 1879, 1809, 1734, 1601, 1491, 1456, 700]:
NMR(CDC13)(5: 1.03(d.3H. J = 4.7Hz). 1.06(d, 3 H, J = 4.7 Hz), 2.10(d q.1 H, J -6.2, J = 3.7Hz)、 3.6 6(d, 1H, J = 6.2Hz), 7.2〜 7.5 (m.5 H) : NMR (CDC1 3) (5: .. 1.03 (d.3H J = 4.7Hz) 1.06 (d, 3 H, J = 4.7 Hz), 2.10 (d q.1 H, J -6.2, J = 3.7Hz) , 3.6 6 (d, 1H, J = 6.2Hz), 7.2 to 7.5 (m.5H):
MS(mZe): 160(M+ 1)+; MS (mZe): 160 (M + 1) + ;
光学純度: 98.6 %e. e. (下記の分析条件による H P L C分析)。 Optical purity: 98.6% e.e. (HPLC analysis under the following analysis conditions).
HP LC分析条件 HP LC analysis conditions
カラム:ォプチ-パック TA (ウォーターズ) Column: Opti-Pack TA (Waters)
溶離液: イソプロパノール:へキサン =2.5 : 97.5
流速 : 1. Oml/分 Eluent: isopropanol: hexane = 2.5: 97.5 Flow rate: 1. Oml / min
検出 : UV254 no Detection: UV254 no
保持時間: R体 7.7分、 S体 8.6分 Retention time: R body 7.7 minutes, S body 8.6 minutes
参考例 5 (S)— 2—フユ二ルー 3—メチルプチルァミンの合成 光学純度 98· 6 %e.e.の(S)— 2—フエ二ルー 3—メチルプチロニト リル 2.00g(l 2.56«ηモル)をイソブロパノール 8.0mlに加え、 これ に 25%アンモニア水 0.21mlおよびラネーニッケル 0.60gを加えた。 次いで、 水衆圧を 10kg/cm2*Gとし、 100°Cで 1.5時間水 ¾添加した。 反応終了後、 ラネーニッケルを¾別し、 イソブロパノールを減圧下に留去 した。 この残留物に水 20mlを加え、 10°Cに冷却した後、 濃塩酸を加え て ρΗ1· 5とした。 次いで、 ジクロロメタン 20mlを加え、 水層を洗浄し た。 水層を 4N NaOH水溶液で pHl 3とし、 ジクロロメタン 2 Onlで 抽出した。 この有機層を減圧饑縮し、 無色透明の油状物として(S)— 2— フヱニルー 3—メチルプチルァミン 1.76 g (収率 85.9%)を得た。 H P L C分析により光学純度は 98.2%e.e.であった。 Reference Example 5 Synthesis of (S) -2-phenyl-3-methylbutylamine (S) -2-phenyl-3-methylbutyronitrile with an optical purity of 98.6% ee 2.00 g (l 2.56 «η Mol) was added to 8.0 ml of isopropanol, and 0.21 ml of 25% aqueous ammonia and 0.60 g of Raney nickel were added thereto. Next, the water pressure was adjusted to 10 kg / cm 2 * G, and water was added at 100 ° C. for 1.5 hours. After completion of the reaction, Raney nickel was separated and isopropanol was distilled off under reduced pressure. After adding 20 ml of water to the residue and cooling to 10 ° C., concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to make ρΗ1.5. Next, 20 ml of dichloromethane was added, and the aqueous layer was washed. The aqueous layer was adjusted to pH 13 with 4N NaOH aqueous solution, and extracted with dichloromethane 2 Onl. This organic layer was starved under reduced pressure to obtain 1.76 g (yield: 85.9%) of (S) -2-phenyl-3-methylbutylamine as a colorless and transparent oil. HPLC analysis revealed that the optical purity was 98.2% ee.
産業上の利用可能性 Industrial applicability
本発明の方法によれば、 安価な原料であるラセミ体または光学純度の低 い二トリル化合物から医薬品用中間体あるいは光学分割剤用中間体として 有用な光学純度の高い酸アミ ド化合物を効率よく、 しかも高純度に製造す ることができ、 本方法は産業上極めて有用である。
According to the method of the present invention, an acid amide compound having a high optical purity, which is useful as a pharmaceutical intermediate or an intermediate for an optical resolving agent, can be efficiently converted from an inexpensive raw material such as a racemate or a nitrile compound having a low optical purity. In addition, it can be produced with high purity, and this method is extremely useful in industry.
Claims
1. 一般式(I) : 1. General formula (I):
R2 ^ ( R2 ^ (
[式中、 R1はじ!〜じ,アルキル基、 1〜3個のフユニル基で置換された じ【〜(:3アルキル基、 または C3〜C8シクロアルキル基を表し、 R2は水 紫または(^〜 ^アルキル基を表す] [In the formula, R 1 ashamed!じ, alkyl group, じ substituted with one to three fuunyl groups [〜 (: represents 3 alkyl groups, or C 3 to C 8 cycloalkyl groups, and R 2 is water purple or (^ to ^ alkyl group Represents
で示されるラセミ体または光学純度の低い二トリル化合物を、 一般式(I):
A racemic or nitrile compound having low optical purity represented by the general formula (I):
[式中、 *は不斉炭素原子の位 Bを示し、 R1および R2は前記と同じ意味 を有する] [In the formula, * indicates position B of the asymmetric carbon atom, and R 1 and R 2 have the same meaning as described above.]
で示される光学純度の高い対応アミ ド化合物に変換する方法であって、 適当な反応媒体中で該ニトリル化合物( I )を、 Wherein the nitrile compound (I) is converted to a corresponding amide compound having a high optical purity represented by the following formula:
• コリネバクテリゥム ·エスピー A68 (FERM B P— 5215)、 ' ロ ドコッカス ·エスピー KP 0-2028 CFERM BP— 5216), • D ドコッカス .エスピー PP-25 (FERM BP— 5217)、 ' ロ ドコッカス .エスビー PP-121 (FERM BP— 5218)、 ' ロ ドコッカス .マリス BP-479-9 (FERM BP— 5219)、 •バチルス ·サブチリス PP-116-15 (FERM BP— 5220)、 •ブレビパクテリゥ厶 ·エスピー PP-133-7 (FERM BP— 52 21)、
からなる群から aiばれる、 該ニトリル化合物( I )の二トリル基を光学選択 的に水和し得る二トリルヒ ドラターゼ活性を有する微生物またはその処理 物と接触させ、 生成した光学純度の高いアミ ド化合物(n)を該反応媒体か ら回収することを特徴とする方法。 • Corynebacterium sp. A68 (FERM BP— 5215), 'Rhodococcus sp. KP 0-2028 CFERM BP— 5216), • D dococcus. Sp. PP-25 (FERM BP—5217), PP-121 (FERM BP-5218), 'Rhodococcus maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219), Bacillus subtilis PP-116-15 (FERM BP-5220), Brevipacterium SP- 133-7 (FERM BP—52 21), An amide compound having high optical purity produced by contacting with a microorganism having nitrile hydratase activity capable of optically selective hydration of the nitrile group of the nitrile compound (I) or a processed product thereof, which is selected from the group consisting of Recovering (n) from the reaction medium.
2. 二トリル化合物が、 が水衆である一股式(I )で示される化合物 である請求項 1に記載の方法。 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nitrile compound is a compound represented by the formula (I), wherein is a crowd.
3. 二トリル化合物が、 R1がじ!〜0:4アルキル基、 1もしくは 2個の フェニル基で置換されたメチル基もしくはェチル基、 または C s〜 C 7シク 口アルキル基であり、 R2が水素である一般式(I)で示される化合物であ る請求項 2に記載の方法。 3. The nitrile compound is R 1 ! And 0: 4 alkyl group, a one or two methyl or Echiru group substituted with a phenyl group or a C s ~ C 7 consequent opening alkyl group, represented by the general formula R 2 is hydrogen (I) 3. The method according to claim 2, which is a compound obtained.
4. 二トリル化合物が、 R1がじ,〜。,アルキル基、 ベンジル基、 ベン ズヒ ドリル基、 または CS〜C7シクロアルキル基であり、 R2が水素であ る一般式( I:)で示される化合物である請求項 3に記載の方法。 4. When the nitrile compound is R 1 ,. , Alkyl group, a benzyl group, Ben's benzhydryl group or a C S -C 7 cycloalkyl group,, R 2 is as defined in claim 3 which is a compound represented by hydrogen der Ru general formula (I :) Method.
5. 二トリル化合物が、 R1が Ct C*アルキル基であり、 R2が水衆で ある一般式( I )で示される化合物である請求項 4に記載の方法。 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the nitrile compound is a compound represented by the general formula (I) wherein R 1 is a Ct C * alkyl group and R 2 is water.
6. 二トリル化合物が、 R1がイソプロピル基または t-ブチル基であり、 R 2が水素である一般式( I )で示される化合物である請求項 5に記載の方 法。 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the nitrile compound is a compound represented by the general formula (I) wherein R 1 is an isopropyl group or a t-butyl group, and R 2 is hydrogen.
7. 二トリル化合物が、 R1がイソプロピル基であり、 R 2が水素である —般式( I )で示される化合物である請求項 6に記載の方法。 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the nitrile compound is a compound represented by the general formula (I), wherein R 1 is an isopropyl group and R 2 is hydrogen.
8. 微生物が、 8. The microorganisms
• ロ ドコッカス ·エスピー KP 0-2028 (FERM B P— 5216)、 • Rhodococcus sp. KP 0-2028 (FERM B P— 5216),
• ロ ドコッカス · エスピー P P-25 (FERM B P— 5217)、• Rhodococcus sp. P P-25 (FERM B P—5217),
• ロ ドコッカス ·エスピー PP-121 (FERM BP— 5218)、• Rhodococcus sp. PP-121 (FERM BP-5218),
• 口 ドコッカス · マリス BP-479-9 (FERM BP— 5219)、
'バチルス 'サブチリス PP-116-15 CFERM BP— 5220)、 または • Mouth Dococcus Maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP—5219), 'Bacillus' subtilis PP-116-15 CFERM BP— 5220), or
• ブレビパクテリゥム .エスピー PP-133-7 (FERM BP— 52 21)、 • Brevi Pacterium SP PP-133-7 (FERM BP—52 21),
である請求項 1〜 7のいずれかに圮載の方法。 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method is:
9. 微生物が、 9. The microorganisms
' ロ ドコッカス .マリス BP- 479-9 (FERM BP— 5219)、 'バチルス 'サブチリス PP-116-15 (FERM BP— 5220)、 または 'Rhodococcus Maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219),' Bacillus' subtilis PP-116-15 (FERM BP-5220), or
'ブレビパクテリゥム 'エスピー PP-133-7 (FERM B P-52 21)、 'Brevipactium' SP PP-133-7 (FERM B P-52 21),
である I»求項 1〜 7のいずれかに記載の方法。 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein
10. 微生物が、 10. The microorganism
' ロドコッカス .マリス BP-479-9 (FERM BP— 5219)、 または '' Rhodococcus Maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219), or
' ブレビパクテリゥム 'エスピー PP-133-7 (FERM BP— 52 21)、 '' Brevi Pacterium '' SP PP-133-7 (FERM BP— 52 21),
である請求項 1〜 7のいずれかに記載の方法。 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein
11. 微生物が、 ロドコッカス 'マリス BP-479-9 (FERM BP -5219 )である請求項 1〜 7のいずれかに記載の方法。 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the microorganism is Rhodococcus' maris BP-479-9 (FERM BP-5219).
12. 二トリル化合物の二卜リル基を光学選択的に水和し得る二トリノレヒ ドラターゼ活性を有するロ ドコッカス 'マリス BP-479-9 (FER M BP— 5219)。
12. Rhodococcus' Malis BP-479-9 (FER M BP-5219) having a nitrinolehydratase activity capable of optically selectively hydrating the nitril group of the nitrile compound.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001211892A (en) * | 2000-02-03 | 2001-08-07 | Asahi Kasei Corp | Method of microbiologically producing glycine |
JP2001258586A (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-09-25 | Asahi Kasei Corp | Method for microbiologically producing glycine with simultanously separating ammonia formed by reaction |
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JPH0319695A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1991-01-28 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Preparation of trans-4-cyanocyclohexane carboxylic amide and enzyme used therefor |
JPH04222591A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1992-08-12 | Nitto Chem Ind Co Ltd | Method for producing S-(+)-mandelamide and its derivatives |
JPH05252990A (en) * | 1992-03-12 | 1993-10-05 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Production of optically active nitrile and optically active amide |
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1995
- 1995-09-13 WO PCT/JP1995/001823 patent/WO1997010355A1/en active Application Filing
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JPH0319695A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1991-01-28 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Preparation of trans-4-cyanocyclohexane carboxylic amide and enzyme used therefor |
JPH04222591A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1992-08-12 | Nitto Chem Ind Co Ltd | Method for producing S-(+)-mandelamide and its derivatives |
JPH05252990A (en) * | 1992-03-12 | 1993-10-05 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Production of optically active nitrile and optically active amide |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001211892A (en) * | 2000-02-03 | 2001-08-07 | Asahi Kasei Corp | Method of microbiologically producing glycine |
JP4560164B2 (en) * | 2000-02-03 | 2010-10-13 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | Microbial production of glycine |
JP2001258586A (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-09-25 | Asahi Kasei Corp | Method for microbiologically producing glycine with simultanously separating ammonia formed by reaction |
JP4497638B2 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2010-07-07 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | Microbiological production method of glycine using reaction separation of ammonia |
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