WO1997007180A1 - Compositions de refrigerants - Google Patents
Compositions de refrigerants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997007180A1 WO1997007180A1 PCT/GB1996/001956 GB9601956W WO9707180A1 WO 1997007180 A1 WO1997007180 A1 WO 1997007180A1 GB 9601956 W GB9601956 W GB 9601956W WO 9707180 A1 WO9707180 A1 WO 9707180A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- refrigerant composition
- refrigerant
- azeotropic refrigerant
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 6
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical class F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000019406 chloropentafluoroethane Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 neopentyl polyol ester Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004340 Chloropentafluoroethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 150000005828 hydrofluoroalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/106—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/34—The mixture being non-azeotropic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions and more particularly to non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions which can be used in the low temperature refrigeration applications currently satisfied by refrigerant R-502 which is an azeotropic mixture of chlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-22) and chloropentafluoroethane (refrigerant R-115).
- refrigerant R-502 which is an azeotropic mixture of chlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-22) and chloropentafluoroethane (refrigerant R-115).
- Heat transfer devices of the mechanical compression type such as refrigerators, freezers, heat pumps and air conditioning systems are well known.
- a refrigerant liquid of a suitable boiling point evaporates at low pressure taking heat from a surrounding heat transfer fluid.
- the resulting vapour is then compressed and passes to a condenser where it condenses and gives off heat to another heat transfer fluid.
- the condensate is then returned through an expansion valve to the evaporator so completing the cycle.
- the mechanical energy required for compressing the vapour and pumping the liquid may be provided by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine.
- the properties preferred of a refrigerant include low toxicity, non-flammability, non-corrosivit , high stability and freedom from objectionable odour.
- the present invention provides a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition comprising a mixture of compounds having low or zero ozone depletion potentials which can be used in the low temperature refrigeration applications currently satisfied by refrigerant R-502.
- the non-azeotropic refrigerant composition of the invention can exhibit an advantageously high refrigeration capacity.
- non-azeotropic (zeotropic) refrigerant composition comprising:
- the zeotropic refrigerant composition of the invention comprises four separate components.
- the first component (component (A)) is carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) which exhibits a low temperature refrigeration action subliming at around -78.5°C.
- the second component (component (B)) is pentafluoroethane (R-125) which has a boiling point of around -48.5°C.
- the third component (component (C)) is propane (R-290) which has a boiling point of around -42.1°C.
- the fourth component (component (D) ) is chlorodifluoromethane (R-22) which has a boiling point of around -40.8°C.
- the amounts of the various components in the refrigerant composition may be varied within wide limits, but typically the refrigerant composition will comprise from 1 to 20 1 by weight C0 2 , from 25 to 70 Z by weight R-125, from 0.5 to 15 Z by weight R-290 and from 25 to 70 Z by weight R-22.
- a preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 1 to 15 2 by weight C0 2 , from 30 to 65 Z by weight R-125, from 0.5 to 10 Z by weight R-290 and from 30 to 65 Z by weight R-22.
- a particularly preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 1 to 15 I by weight, more particularly from 2 to 10 Z by weight, C0 2 , from 50 to 65 % by weight, more particularly from 50 to 60 Z by weight, R-125, from 0.5 to 10 Z by weight, more particularly from 1 to 5 Z by weight, R-290 and from 30 to 45 X by weight, more particularly from 30 to 40 X by weight, R-22.
- An especially preferred refrigerant composition of the invention is one comprising from 2 to 5 X by weight C0 2 , from 55 to 60 Z by weight R-125, from 1 to 3 Z by weight R-290 and from 35 to 40 X by weight R-22.
- Another particularly preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 1 to 15 Z by weight, more particularly from 2 to 10 Z by weight, C0 2 , from 30 to 45 Z by weight, more particularly from 30 to 40 Z by weight, R-125, from 0.5 to 10 Z by weight, more particularly from 1 to 5 Z by weight, R-290 and from 50 to 65 Z by weight, more particularly from 50 to 60 Z by weight, R-22.
- An especially preferred refrigerant composition of the invention is one comprising from 2 to 5 Z by weight C0 2 , from 35 to 40 X by weight R-125, from 1 to 3 2 by weight R-290 and from 55 to 60 Z by weight R-22.
- the refrigerant composition of the invention may be used in combination with the types of lubricants which have been specially developed for use with hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerants.
- Such lubricants include those comprising a polyoxyalkylene glycol base oil.
- Suitable polyoxyalkylene glycols include hydroxyl group initiated polyoxyalkylene glycols, e.g. ethylene and/or propylene oxide oligomers/polymers initiated on mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, butanol, pentaerythritol and glycerol.
- Such polyoxyalkylene glycols may also be end-capped with suitable terminal groups such as alkyl, e.g. methyl groups.
- lubricants which have been developed for use with hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerants and which may be used in combination with the present refrigerant compositions are those comprising a neopentyl polyol ester base oil derived from the reaction of at least one neopentyl polyol and at least one aliphatic carboxylic acid or an esterifiable derivative thereof.
- Suitable neopentyl polyols for the formation of the ester base oil include pentaerythritol, polypentaerythritols such as di- and tripentaerythritol, trimethylol alkanes such as trimethylol ethane and trimethylol propane, and neopentyl glycol.
- the esters may be formed with linear and/or branched aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as linear and/or branched alkanoic acids. Preferred acids are selected from the C 5 _ 8 , particularly the C 5 _ 7 , linear alkanoic acids and the C 5 _ 10 , particularly the C 5 _ 9 , branched alkanoic acids.
- a minor proportion of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid may also be used in the synthesis of the ester in order to increase the viscosity thereof.
- an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid e.g. an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid
- the amount of the carboxylic acid(s) which is used in the synthesis will be sufficient to esterify all of the hydroxyl groups contained in the polyol, although residual hydroxyl functionality may be acceptable.
- the zeotropic refrigerant composition of the present invention may be used to provide the desired cooling in heat transfer devices such as low temperature refrigeration systems by a method which involves condensing the refrigerant composition and thereafter evaporating it in a heat exchange relationship with a heat transfer fluid to be cooled.
- the refrigerant composition of the invention may be employed as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 in low temperature refrigeration applications.
- a composition comprising 2 X by weight C0 2 , 58.8 X by weight R-125, 2 Z by weight R-290 and 37.2 1 by weight R-22.
- composition comprising 5 Z by weight C0 2 , 57 Z by weight R-125, 1.9 Z by weight R-290 and 36.1 Z by weight R-22.
- composition comprising 10 Z by weight C0 2 , 54 Z by weight R-125, 1.8 Z by weight R-290 and 34.2 Z by weight R-22.
- a composition comprising 2 Z by weight C0 2 , 37.2 Z by weight R-125, 2 Z by weight R-290 and 58.8 Z by weight R-22.
- a composition comprising 5 Z by weight C0 2 , 36.1 Z by weight R-125, 1.9 Z by weight R-290 and 57 Z by weight R-22.
- a composition comprising 10 Z by weight C0 2 , 34.2 X by weight R-125, 1.8 X by weight R-290 and 54 Z by weight R-22.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU67077/96A AU6707796A (en) | 1995-08-18 | 1996-08-12 | Refrigerant compositions |
EP96927147A EP0845020A1 (fr) | 1995-08-18 | 1996-08-12 | Compositions de refrigerants |
JP9509030A JPH11511191A (ja) | 1995-08-18 | 1996-08-12 | 冷媒組成物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9516919.9A GB9516919D0 (en) | 1995-08-18 | 1995-08-18 | Refrigerant compositions |
GB9516919.9 | 1995-08-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997007180A1 true WO1997007180A1 (fr) | 1997-02-27 |
Family
ID=10779409
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1996/001956 WO1997007180A1 (fr) | 1995-08-18 | 1996-08-12 | Compositions de refrigerants |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0845020A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH11511191A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU6707796A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2227910A1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB9516919D0 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997007180A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1431684A1 (fr) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-06-23 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Mélange réfrigérant nonazeotrope, cycle de réfrigération et dispositif de réfrigération |
EP1431683A3 (fr) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-10-13 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd | Dispositif de réfrigération |
US7861541B2 (en) | 2004-07-13 | 2011-01-04 | Tiax Llc | System and method of refrigeration |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4116274A1 (de) * | 1991-05-17 | 1992-11-19 | Forschungszentrum Fuer Kaeltet | Kaeltemittel |
EP0568115A2 (fr) * | 1990-07-26 | 1993-11-03 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Mélanges quasi-azéotropes destinés à être utilisés comme refrigérants |
WO1994011458A1 (fr) * | 1992-11-06 | 1994-05-26 | Intermagnetics General Corporation | Refrigerant compose d'hydrocarbures pour systemes de refrigeration a cycle ferme |
EP0638623A1 (fr) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-02-15 | AUSIMONT S.p.A. | Mélanges quasi-azéotropes utilisables comme fluides frigorifiques |
-
1995
- 1995-08-18 GB GBGB9516919.9A patent/GB9516919D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-08-12 AU AU67077/96A patent/AU6707796A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-12 WO PCT/GB1996/001956 patent/WO1997007180A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-08-12 JP JP9509030A patent/JPH11511191A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1996-08-12 EP EP96927147A patent/EP0845020A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-08-12 CA CA 2227910 patent/CA2227910A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0568115A2 (fr) * | 1990-07-26 | 1993-11-03 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Mélanges quasi-azéotropes destinés à être utilisés comme refrigérants |
DE4116274A1 (de) * | 1991-05-17 | 1992-11-19 | Forschungszentrum Fuer Kaeltet | Kaeltemittel |
WO1994011458A1 (fr) * | 1992-11-06 | 1994-05-26 | Intermagnetics General Corporation | Refrigerant compose d'hydrocarbures pour systemes de refrigeration a cycle ferme |
EP0638623A1 (fr) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-02-15 | AUSIMONT S.p.A. | Mélanges quasi-azéotropes utilisables comme fluides frigorifiques |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1431684A1 (fr) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-06-23 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Mélange réfrigérant nonazeotrope, cycle de réfrigération et dispositif de réfrigération |
EP1431683A3 (fr) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-10-13 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd | Dispositif de réfrigération |
US7861541B2 (en) | 2004-07-13 | 2011-01-04 | Tiax Llc | System and method of refrigeration |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU6707796A (en) | 1997-03-12 |
GB9516919D0 (en) | 1995-10-18 |
EP0845020A1 (fr) | 1998-06-03 |
JPH11511191A (ja) | 1999-09-28 |
CA2227910A1 (fr) | 1997-02-27 |
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