WO1997004093A1 - Sequences nucleotidiques et peptidiques pour le traitement de la myasthenie - Google Patents
Sequences nucleotidiques et peptidiques pour le traitement de la myasthenie Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997004093A1 WO1997004093A1 PCT/FR1996/001131 FR9601131W WO9704093A1 WO 1997004093 A1 WO1997004093 A1 WO 1997004093A1 FR 9601131 W FR9601131 W FR 9601131W WO 9704093 A1 WO9704093 A1 WO 9704093A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K16/2809—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against the T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
- A61P21/04—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system for myasthenia gravis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/70503—Immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K14/7051—T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of nucleotide and peptide sequences for obtaining drugs intended for the prevention or treatment of myasthenia gravis autoimmune acquired.
- the invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions and vaccines comprising the above nucleotide and peptide sequences.
- Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease which is characterized by fatigue and muscular weakness. This disease is caused by autoantibodies that recognize the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (RACh) on the muscle, thereby hindering neuromuscular transmission (1). These anti-RACh autoantibodies are found in the sera of 85% of patients (2) and at least some of them are pathogenic (3, 4). The presence and activation of T helper cells participate in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (5-9).
- RACh nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
- the thymus is supposed to play a direct role in the physiology of this pathology, as confirmed by the favorable effect of thymectomy on clinical evolution (10,11) and its frequent morphological anomalies (50-70% of hyperplasia, 10 -15% thy dreary) (12-14).
- the production of the above-mentioned anti-RACh autoantibodies is under the control of CD4 + helper T cells restricted to MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) class II.
- MHC Major Histocompatibility Complex
- the peptides resulting from the degradation of the autoantigen, namely RACh, in macrophages or other cells presenting the antigen, are coupled to the MHC class II molecule, HLA DR.
- T cells are stimulated by recognizing this peptide-HLA DR complex, via a receptor, also known as a T cell receptor, the latter thus stimulated being able in turn to stimulate B cells which will produce antibodies recognizing RACh .
- the immunogenetic aspect of the pathology was studied by HLA typing on a large number of patients.
- the HLA DR3 or DR5 haplotypes have been serologically defined in correlation with the pathology (26-28).
- a strong association with HLA DR3 has been found in young patients with thymic hyperplasia (27).
- Molecular typing confirmed these results (29) and identified the HLA-DQ alleles (DQA1 * 0501 and DQB1 * 0201) as being frequently expressed in patients with thymic hyperplasia (30).
- the autoantigen RACh involved in myasthenia gravis is well characterized at the molecular and functional levels (31), and that numerous monoclonal antibodies have been produced (32).
- immunodominant B epitopes have been identified on the ⁇ subunit (MIR. HIR) (33-35). T cell epitopes have also been identified using recombinant fragments and synthetic peptides (36-40), thus revealing the multiepitopic nature of the autoantigen.
- the aim of the present invention is to provide medicaments intended for the treatment or prevention of autoimmune myasthenia gravis, these medicaments comprising molecules capable of specifically binding either to the segment of the T cell receptor capable of recognizing and binding to peptide-HLA DR complex mentioned above, either to the gene or to the RNA.
- these medicaments comprising molecules capable of specifically binding either to the segment of the T cell receptor capable of recognizing and binding to peptide-HLA DR complex mentioned above, either to the gene or to the RNA.
- the messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for this segment, and this in a sufficiently stable (or in a sufficiently durable equilibrium) so that either the abovementioned complex can no longer bind to said segment, or the abovementioned gene or mRNA cannot no longer be translated into a peptide sequence corresponding to said segment.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide medicaments capable of causing the production in the organism of molecules capable of specifically binding to the segment of the T cell receptor or to the gene or to the RNA coding for this segment.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide medicaments which can be used as vaccines against myasthenia gravis, these vaccines comprising either molecules capable of generating the production in the organism of antibodies capable of specifically binding to the receptor segment of the T cells, ie vectors containing nucleotide sequences coding for molecules capable of generating the production in the body of antibodies as described above.
- the T receptor is very polymorphic. It consists of two ⁇ and ⁇ subunits, each encoded by the combination of several genes (V, D, J, C). 24 families of V genes have been described for the ⁇ chain.
- the present invention stems from the discovery made by the Inventors that the V ⁇ 5.1 segment of the T cell receptor is closely linked to myasthenia gravis, and this more particularly in patients of the HLA DR3 haplotype. namely in patients expressing molecules of the class II histocompatibility complex (HLA DR) of the HLA DR3 type.
- HLA DR class II histocompatibility complex
- myasthenia gravis is understood in the foregoing and what follows, myasthenia gravis autoimmune acquired.
- amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 2 comprises the aforementioned V ⁇ 5.1 segment, said segment being delimited by the amino acids located at positions 20 and 113, and being preceded by a signal peptide delimited by the amino acids located at positions 1 and 19;
- the mRNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 3 codes for the above-mentioned SEQ ID NO 2 sequence, in particular for the aforementioned V ⁇ 5.1 segment;
- the antisense DNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 4 is the sequence complementary to the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 1;
- the antisense RNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 5 is the sequence complementary to the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 3.
- the subject of the present invention is the use of nucleotide or peptide sequences, for obtaining medicaments capable of being used in the context of the prevention or treatment of myasthenia gravis, said nucleotide sequences being chosen from:
- peptide sequences being chosen from:
- a more particular subject of the invention is the use of nucleoditic or peptide sequences as described above, for obtaining medicaments capable of being used in the context of the prevention or treatment of myasthenia gravis in patients with HLA DR3 haplotype.
- patients in whom the above-mentioned drugs are likely to be used to prevent or treat myasthenia gravis are patients:
- grade IIB as defined according to the classification of Osserman (41)
- - presenting a hyperplastic thymus, thymic hyperplasia being defined at the same time by a significant thymic mass and the presence of lymphoid follicles (12-14)
- the nucleoditic sequences used are those capable of coding for a peptide sequence, itself capable of generating the formation of antibodies capable of recognizing and forming an immunological complex with all or part of the amino acid sequence of the V ⁇ 5.1 segment of the human T cell receptor.
- nucleotide sequences are chosen from:
- the DNA sequence represented by SEQ ID N0 comprising in particular the nucleotide sequence coding for the peptide sequence of V ⁇ 5.1 segment of the human T cell receptor, said peptide sequence consisting of the sequence of 94 amino acids delimited by the amino acids located at positions 20 and 113 of the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 2, - any fragment of DNA of at least approximately 15 contiguous nucleotides of the DNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 1, capable of coding for a peptide fragment of at least approximately 5 contiguous amino acids of the peptide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 2, said peptide fragment itself being capable of generating the formation of antibodies capable of recognizing and forming an immunological complex with all or part of the amino acid sequence of said V ⁇ 5.1 segment,
- peptide sequence capable of causing the formation of antibodies is meant in what precedes and what follows, any peptide sequence capable, in particular when it is in the blood circulation of an individual, of elicit an immune response in this individual by the production of antibodies by the latter's immune system, these antibodies being capable of specifically recognizing and forming a stable immunological complex with the above-mentioned peptide sequence or with the amino acid sequence of the V ⁇ 5 segment .1 above.
- the abovementioned DNA fragments comprise approximately 15 nucleotides to approximately 408 contiguous nucleotides, preferably from approximately 60 nucleotides to approximately 300 contiguous nucleotides of the DNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 1, capable of respectively coding for a fragment peptide from about 5 amino acids to about 136 acids contiguous amines. preferably from about 20 amino acids to about 100 amino acids of the peptide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 2.
- Preferred DNA fragments capable of being used in the context of the present invention are those comprising all or part: of the nucleotide sequence delimited by the nucleotides located at positions 1 and 339 of the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 1 and coding for the polypeptide comprising a signal peptide delimited by the amino acids located in positions 1 and 19 of the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 2. This signal peptide being followed by the V ⁇ 5.1 segment delimited by the amino acids located in positions 20 and 113 of the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 2.
- Preferred DNA fragments capable of being used in the context of the present invention are those mentioned above from approximately 60 nucleotides to approximately 300 nucleotides comprising all or part of the nucleotide sequence coding for the CDR1 region of the V ⁇ 5.1 segment and / or all or part of the nucleotide sequence coding for the CDR2 region of the V ⁇ 5.1 segment.
- DNA fragments mentioned above are those comprising:
- the percentage of homology between the nucleotides constituting the abovementioned derived DNA sequences, and those constituting the DNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 1, or the abovementioned DNA fragments is at least approximately 60% . preferably about 90%.
- the percentage of homology between the amino acids constituting the above-mentioned derived peptide sequences, and those constituting the peptide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 2. or the above-mentioned peptide fragments is at least about 60%. preferably about 90%.
- the nucleotide sequences used are chosen from those capable of coding for an antisense RNA, this antisense RNA itself being capable of hybridizing with all or part of the mRNA represented by SEQ ID N0 3, said mRNA being coded by the DNA sequence coding for the amino acid sequence of said segment
- nucleotide sequences are chosen from:
- the antisense DNA sequence represented by SEQ ID N0 4, said DNA sequence coding for the antisense RNA represented by SEQ ID N0 5. capable of hybridizing with the mRNA represented by SEQ ID NO 3,
- nucleotide sequences of the invention represented by SEQ ID NO 1.
- SEQ ID NO 4 and SEQ ID NO 5 the derivative sequences and the sequence fragments of the invention mentioned above , must be taken into consideration as being represented in the 5 ' ⁇ 3' direction.
- the first nucleotide of a complementary sequence in the 5 '- »3' direction as described above is the complement of the last nucleotide of the sequence in the 5 '-> 3' direction coding for the peptide sequence V ⁇ 5 .1 (or by a fragment of this peptide sequence or a derived peptide), the second nucleotide of this complementary sequence is the complement of the penultimate nucleotide of the sequence coding for the peptide sequence V ⁇ 5.1, and so on , up to the last nucleotide of said complementary sequence which is the complement of the first nucleotide of the sequence coding for the peptide sequence V ⁇ 5.1.
- SEQ ID NO 4 is such that, when this antisense RNA is represented in the 5 ' ⁇ 3' direction, its first nucleotide corresponds to the last nucleotide of the DNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 1 coding for the peptide sequence V ⁇ 5. 1, and therefore hybridizes with the last nucleotide of the mRNA represented by SEQ ID NO 3 encoded by the latter, while its last nucleotide corresponds to the first nucleotide of the DNA sequence coding for the peptide sequence V ⁇ 5.1, and therefore hybridizes with the first nucleotide of the mRNA encoded by the latter.
- antisense RNA is meant in the above and what follows, any RNA coded by the above-mentioned complementary sequence and represented in the reverse direction (3 '- »5') from the direction in which the mRNA coded by the sequence coding for the V ⁇ 5.1 peptide sequence (or fragment or derived peptide), the latter mRNA being also designated sense mRNA (5 ' ⁇ 3').
- antisense RNA is therefore intended for an RNA sequence complementary to the base sequence of messenger RNA, the complementary term to be understood in the sense that each base (or a majority of bases) of the sequence antisense (read in the direction 3 ' ⁇ - 5') is capable of pairing with the corresponding bases (G with C, A with U) of the RNA messenger (sequence read in the 5 ' ⁇ 3' direction).
- Antisense RNA is an RNA produced by the transcription of the non-coding DNA strand (nonsense strand).
- RNA-RNA complex can interfere either with subsequent transcription, with maturation, transport or translation, or even lead to degradation of the mRNA.
- the abovementioned antisense DNA fragments comprise from approximately 12 nucleotides to approximately 30 contiguous nucleotides. preferably from approximately 15 nucleotides to approximately 20 contiguous nucleotides of the DNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 4, capable of respectively coding for an antisense RNA fragment of approximately 12 to approximately 30 nucleotides, preferably approximately 15 nucleotides to approximately 20 nucleotides of the antisense RNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 5.
- Preferred antisense DNA fragments capable of being used in the context of the present invention are those comprising all or part: of the nucleotide sequence delimited by the nucleotides located at positions 73 and 41 1 of the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 4 and coding for the antisense RNA delimited by the nucleotides located at positions 73 and 411 of the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 5,
- the percentage of homology between the nucleotides constituting the abovementioned derivative antisense DNA sequences, and those constituting the antisense DNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 4. or the The above-mentioned antisense DNA fragments is at least about 60%, preferably about 90%.
- the percentage of homology between the nucleotides constituting the abovementioned derivative antisense RNA sequences, and those constituting the antisense RNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 5, is at least about 60%, preferably of about 90%.
- nucleotide sequences chosen from those capable of coding for a peptide sequence or for an antisense RNA as described above, and used in the context of the present invention. are contained in recombinant nucleotide sequences comprising the elements necessary to allow transcription of the abovementioned nucleotide sequences, in particular a promoter and a transcription terminator.
- the subject of the present invention is any recombinant nucleotide sequence containing one (or more) nucleotide sequence (s) of the invention coding for a peptide sequence or for an antisense RNA as described above, as well as the elements necessary for the transcription of these sequences, in particular a promoter or a transcription terminator.
- the recombinant nucleotide sequences of the invention comprise a nucleotide sequence coding for an amino acid sequence, said nucleotide sequence being located upstream and / or downstream of the nucleotide sequence of the invention, said recombinant nucleotide sequences coding thus for a hybrid protein containing a peptide sequence as described above of the invention preceded and / or followed by an amino acid sequence, in particular an amino acid sequence capable of increasing the immunogenic character of the hybrid protein compared to to the aforementioned single peptide sequence of the invention.
- the abovementioned recombinant nucleotide sequences of the invention are inserted into vectors, in particular into plasmids, capable of allowing the expression of said recombinant nucleotide sequences in the organism.
- the subject of the present invention is any vector, in particular any plasmid, containing one (or more) recombinant nucleotide sequence (s) as defined above.
- a more particular subject of the invention is the use of vectors as described above, in particular of plasmids.
- nucleotide sequences according to the invention containing recombinant nucleotide sequences according to the invention, the latter themselves containing at least one nucleotide sequence according to the invention coding for a peptide sequence, as described above, capable of generating the formation of antibodies capable of recognizing and forming an immunological complex with all or part of the amino acid sequence of the V ⁇ 5.1 segment of the human T cell receptor, for obtaining vaccines against myasthenia gravis, which may in particular be used in prophylaxis or therapy as part of the treatment of the patients described above, these vaccines still being designated naked DNA vaccines.
- the nucleotide sequences used are those capable of hybridizing with all or part of the DNA sequence coding for the amino acid sequence of the V ⁇ 5.1 segment of the human T cell receptor .
- such nucleotide sequences are chosen from those complementary to all or part of one of the strands of the DNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 1, in particular from nucleotide sequences comprising at least approximately 12 contiguous nucleotides up to the number maximum of nucleotides of the DNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 4 complementary to the DNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 1, or among antisense DNA fragments as described above, or also among sequences of 'DNA derived from all or part of the DNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 4 or from the above-mentioned antisense DNA fragments, in particular by substitution, deletion and / or addition of one (or more) nucleotide (s).
- the nucleotide sequences used are those which hybridize with all or part of the mRNA coded by the DNA sequence coding for the amino acid sequence of the V ⁇ 5.1 segment of the receptor for human T cells, these nucleotide sequences themselves represent an antisense RNA, this antisense RNA advantageously consisting of at least about 12 contiguous nucleotides complementary to nucleotides of the abovementioned mRNA.
- such nucleotide sequences are chosen from:
- the abovementioned antisense RNA fragments comprise approximately 12 nucleotides to approximately 30 contiguous nucleotides, preferably from approximately 15 nucleotides to approximately 20 contiguous nucleotides of the RNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 5. capable of hybridizing with the mRNA represented by SEQ ID NO 3 defined above.
- Preferred antisense DNA fragments capable of being used in the context of the present invention are those comprising all or part:
- nucleotide sequence delimited by the nucleotides located at positions 73 and 411 of the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 5 - the nucleotide sequence delimited by the nucleotides located at positions 73 and 354 of the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 5
- the percentage of homology between the nucleotides constituting the abovementioned derivative antisense RNA sequences and those constituting the RNA sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 5, or the abovementioned antisense RNA fragments is at least approximately 60 %, preferably around 90%.
- the peptide sequences used are those capable of generating the formation of antibodies capable of recognizing and forming an immunological complex with the V ⁇ 5.1 segment of the receptor for human T cells.
- the above-mentioned peptide sequences are chosen from:
- the abovementioned peptide fragments comprise approximately 5 amino acids to approximately 136 contiguous amino acids preferably, from approximately 20 amino acids to approximately 100 contiguous amino acids of the peptide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 2, capable of causing the formation of 'antibodies as defined above.
- Preferred peptide fragments are those comprising all or part:
- Preferred peptide fragments are those of approximately 20 amino acids to approximately 100 amino acids comprising all or part of the CDR1 region and / or the CDR2 region mentioned above of the V ⁇ 5.1 segment.
- Particularly preferred peptide fragments mentioned above are those comprising: - all or part of the peptide of 6 amino acids delimited by the amino acids located at positions 45 and 50 of the sequence represented by
- the percentage of homology between the amino acids constituting the above-mentioned derived peptide sequences, and those constituting the peptide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 2, or the above-mentioned peptide fragments is at least about 60%, preferably d 'about 90%.
- the peptide sequences used as antibodies are those capable of recognizing and forming an immunological complex with the amino acid sequence of the V ⁇ 5.1 segment of the human T cell receptor.
- said antibodies are polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies as obtained by immunization of an animal with peptide sequences chosen from: - the peptide sequence represented by SEQ ID N0 2,
- a subject of the invention is also pharmaceutical compositions comprising, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, one (or more) nucleotide sequence (s) as described above, coding for a sequence peptide itself representing an antibody capable of recognizing and forming an immunological complex with all or part of the amino acid sequence of the V ⁇ 5.1 segment of the human T cell receptor, said nucleotide sequence (s) ) being advantageously contained in recombinant nucleotide sequences as defined above, the latter themselves being inserted into vectors as defined above.
- the invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, one (or more) nucleotide sequence (s) as described above, coding for an antisense RNA, itself capable of hybridizing with all or part of the DNA sequence coding for the amino acid sequence of the V ⁇ 5 segment. 1 of the human T cell receptor, said nucleotide sequence (s) being advantageously contained in recombinant nucleotide sequences as defined above, the latter themselves being inserted into vectors as defined above -above.
- the invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, one (or more) nucleotide sequence (s) as described above, capable of hybridizing with all or part of the DNA sequence coding for the amino acid sequence of the V ⁇ 5.1 segment of the human T cell receptor, or with all or part of the mRNA encoded by this DNA sequence.
- a subject of the invention is also pharmaceutical compositions comprising, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, one (or more) peptide sequence (s) as described above, corresponding to antibodies capable of recognizing and forming an immunological complex with all or part of the amino acid sequence of the V ⁇ 5.1 segment of the human T cell receptor.
- the invention also relates to the vaccines, also known as naked DNA vaccines as described above, and comprising, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, one (or more) nucleotide sequence (s) as described (s) ) above, capable of coding for a peptide sequence, itself capable of generating the formation of antibodies capable of recognizing and forming an immunological complex with all or part of the amino acid sequence of the V ⁇ 5 segment .1 the human T cell receptor, said nucleotide sequence (s) being advantageously contained in recombinant nucleotide sequences as defined above, the latter themselves being inserted into vectors as defined above.
- nucleotide sequence (s) being advantageously contained in recombinant nucleotide sequences as defined above, the latter themselves being inserted into vectors as defined above.
- a subject of the invention is also the vaccines comprising, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, one (or more) peptide sequence (s) as described above, capable of '' generate the formation of antibodies capable of recognizing and forming an immunological complex with the amino acid sequence of the V ⁇ 5 segment. 1 of the human T cell receptor.
- the pharmaceutical compositions and vaccines according to the invention are in the form of injectable preparations, in particular by the intravenous route, preferably by the intramuscular route, or by the subcutaneous route.
- the invention also relates to the complexes formed between the abovementioned nucleotide sequences used in the context of the present invention, and the DNA or RNA sequence coding for said V ⁇ 5.1 segment.
- the subject of the invention is more particularly:
- the invention also relates to the complexes formed between the above-mentioned peptide sequences used in the context of the present invention, and the amino acid sequence of said segment V ⁇ 5.1.
- the invention more particularly relates to the complexes formed on the one hand between the antibodies, or directly administered to a patient. either generated by the introduction into the body, or by the production in the body (case of the naked DNA vaccine), of the peptide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 2, or of a fragment or of a derived sequence of the latter as defined above, and on the other hand all or part of the amino acid sequence of the V ⁇ 5.1 segment.
- nucleotide sequences used in the context of the present invention are obtained by any conventional method well known to those skilled in the art of cloning or nucleotide synthesis.
- SEQ ID NO 1. the latter was cloned by Kimura et al. , J. Exp. Med. , 184, 739-750 (1988); its access number in Gene bank is X04927.
- peptide sequences used in the context of the present invention are obtained by any conventional method well known to those skilled in the art of peptide synthesis in liquid or solid phase.
- a more particular subject of the invention is the recombinant polypeptides, and in particular the peptide sequence corresponding to the segment.
- V ⁇ 5.1 of the human T cell receptor namely the peptide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 2, or the fragments or the peptide sequences aforementioned derivatives, as obtained by transformation of cells (such as bacteria, in particular E. coli. yeasts, insect cells infected with a Baculovirus, eukaryotic cells such as Cos or CHO cells) with a nucleotide sequence recombinant as defined above, containing a DNA sequence according to the invention, in particular using a vector as described above.
- cells such as bacteria, in particular E. coli. yeasts, insect cells infected with a Baculovirus, eukaryotic cells such as Cos or CHO cells
- recombinant polypeptides should be understood to mean any molecule having a polypeptide chain capable of being produced by genetic engineering, via a phase of transcription of the DNA of the corresponding gene, which leads to the obtaining RNA which is subsequently transformed into mRNA (by suppression of introns), the latter then being translated by ribosomes, in the form of proteins, the whole being carried out under the control of appropriate regulatory elements inside a host cell. Consequently, the expression "recombinant polypeptides” used does not exclude the possibility that said polypeptides include other groups, such as glycosylated groups.
- the term "recombinant" indicates that the polypeptide was produced by genetic engineering, because it results from the expression, in an appropriate cellular host, of the corresponding nucleotide sequence which was previously introduced into an expression vector used to transform said cell host.
- the invention also relates to the antibodies as described above directed against the peptide sequences used in the context of the invention, and more particularly those directed against the aforementioned recombinant polypeptides, in particular those directed against the peptide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 2, or a fragment or a sequence derived from the latter as defined above.
- Such antibodies can be obtained by immunizing an animal with these polypeptides, followed by the recovery of the antibodies formed. It goes without saying that this production is not limited to polyclonal antibodies.
- the subject of the invention is more particularly humanized or chimeric antibodies as obtained from DNA encoding the above-mentioned antibodies according to the conventional methods for obtaining these antibodies, these methods being described and commented on in particular in: Winter G., Harris WJ, Immunology Today, vol. 14, No. 6, 243-246 (1993); Bach JF et al. , Immunology Today, vol. 14, No. 9, 421-425 (1993); Bach JF. The Immunologist, 214, 135-137 (1994).
- humanized antibodies are more particularly characterized in that their specific part recognizing the V ⁇ 5.1 fragment consists of an amino acid sequence of animal origin, in particular of mice, while their non-specific part does not recognize the V ⁇ 5 segment. 1 consists of an amino acid sequence of human origin.
- the subject of the invention is also any method of treatment and / or prevention of myasthenia gravis by administration of one or more pharmaceutical compositions, and / or of one or more vaccines described above according to the invention, to a patient myasthenia gravis, and more particularly to a patient with an HLA-DR3 haplotype.
- the invention will be further illustrated in the following detailed description of the demonstration of the involvement of the V ⁇ 5.1 segment of the T cell receptor in autoimmune myasthenia gravis in patients of the HLA DR3 haplotype.
- Hyperplasia is limited to the thymus characterized by the presence of germinal centers, as described by Rosa ⁇ and Levine (13). Osserman's modified classification was used to grade the severity of the condition (41). All patients have a generalized form of pathology.
- Patients with an IIA degree of severity exhibit moderately disordered functional activity and moderate weakness of the limb or eye muscles.
- Patients with a degree of severity IIB have a large dysregulation of functional activity and significant signs of weakness of the muscles of the limbs and bulbar.
- the anti-RACh were titrated using the RACh of human muscle complexed with the iodinated ⁇ -bungarotoxin as described in (42).
- the thymuses were obtained from myasthenic patients who underwent a thymectomy after therapeutic prescription of the latter at Marie Lannelongue hospital (Le Plessis-Robinson, France). All the thymuses of the seven patients were hyperplastic and contained lymphoid follicles as described in (13, 18).
- thymuses were rinsed in HBSS (Hank's Balanced Sait Solution) and cell suspensions were obtained by gentle grinding of the thymic tissue, followed by passage through sterile gauze, washing and freezing in liquid nitrogen until use. After thawing, a loss of approximately 15-20% of immature cortical thymocytes CD1 + (CD4 + CD8 +) was observed, resulting in a proportional increase in the percentage of mature medullary thymocytes CD4 + CD8- and CD4-CD8 +. As this study was mainly focused on mature CD4 + thymic cells (thymocytes without CD8), this was not detrimental.
- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- the synthesis and purification of the peptides corresponding to positions 169-181 and 351-368 of the ⁇ subunit of RACh was carried out by the solid phase method (43).
- the amino acid composition of the peptides was checked by amino acid analysis.
- the amino acid sequences of these peptides are described in reference 36.
- the two peptides correspond to selected domains of the ⁇ subunit of RACh.
- Peptide 169-181 is extra cytoplasmic and corresponds to a sequence bordering on the binding site of ⁇ -bungarotoxin on the ⁇ subunit. It contains a motif of 5 residues (sequence
- the peptide 351-368 is intracytoplasmic and corresponds to a highly immunogenic region designated HIR (35). Its sequence is in a helical conformation in the intact protein and therefore presages an antigenic site according to Delisi et al. (45).
- the two peptides contain one to two anchoring residues in a position suitable for binding to the HLA-DR3 molecule which, moreover, represents a HLA class II allele associated with myasthenia gravis, according to one or the other of the link patterns described (46-50).
- the cDNA of the ⁇ subunit of human RACh contains exon P3A (51).
- the larger fragment extracytoplasmic corresponding to amino acids 1-210 was cloned as a fusion protein in a commercially available vector (pMAL ® -C2, New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA) downstream of the wrong E gene that encodes a maltose binding protein (MBP). and has been strongly expressed in E. coli.
- the fusion protein was 70% pure.
- the fusion protein was then purified in one step using the affinity of MBP for maltose. then split using coagulation factor Xa according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
- the ri -210 fragment was purified by preparative electrophoresis with continuous elution with a high yield (80-90%) and a high level of purity. Purity is a critical factor as it minimizes the risk of observing false positive protein reactions recombinant due to contamination with bacterial proteins.
- the ⁇ r 1 -120 fragment was sterilized by filtration through 0.22 ⁇ m membranes and stored at -20 ° C. until used in proliferation experiments. It leads to the appearance of proliferative responses from PBMCs and thymocytes from many MG patients included or not in this study.
- TCR T cell receptors
- Two-color flow cytometry analyzes were performed 8 days after stimulation with IL-2 alone, or peptide + IL-2, using specific anti-CD4 and anti-TCR-V ⁇ monoclonal antibodies.
- an additional step consists in staining with an anti-CD4 conjugated with phycoerythrin (Immunotech) for 30 minutes at 4 ° C. After washing, the cells were incubated for 20 minutes with 2 ⁇ g / ml of propidium iodide (PI, Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA) (52). Dead cells were excluded during the analysis by positive staining with propidium iodide.
- PI propidium iodide
- CD8 thymocytes or PBMCs from myasthenic patients were stimulated with a peptide and then with IL-2 to allow the regeneration of potentially modulated receptors (53, 54).
- the cells were then harvested and analyzed by two-color immunofluorescence and flow cytometry for the expression of
- CD8 + was only observed after nine days of culture with the peptide and IL-2.
- the peptide 351-368 also induces a significant increase in V ⁇ 5.1 + in the CD4 + thymocytes of this patient.
- the recombinant fragment r ⁇ l-210 was used initially as a source of peptides capable of being able to be naturally generated.
- the engagement of numerous V ⁇ gene segments in the response of thymocytes and PBMCs to this fragment has led the inventors to use another strategy by using selected peptides to study the repertoire of T cells involved in the response to the autoantigen. in MG patients.
- the experiments using the ri -210 fragment confirm the multidetermining nature of the autoantigen.
- V ⁇ segments in the response to synthetic peptides in PBMC
- V ⁇ 5.1 The differences in expression of V ⁇ calculated as indicated above, and representing the stimulation of a population expressing a given V ⁇ , reveal the prevalence of the expansion of cells expressing V ⁇ 5.1 in response to the peptide 169-181 in the thymus and the periphery.
- the implication of V ⁇ 5.1 is less clear in response to peptide 351-368. It appears in the thymocytes or PBMC from patients in whom the disease has recently appeared. In all cases, and at least with regard to thymocytes, the use of V ⁇ 5.1 in response to this peptide is observed exclusively in severely affected patients.
- the DR3 haplotype is strongly associated with the use of V ⁇ 5. 1 in response to peptide 169-181
- All but one patient expressed the DR3 haplotype (patient 7).
- the percentage of V ⁇ 5.1 + CD4 + cells is not increased in response to peptides 169-181 or peptide 351-368.
- PBMC thymocytes or PBMC
- both the proliferation consecutive to the peptide 169-181 and the expansion of the cells expressing V ⁇ 5.1 were inhibited, which indicates that the DR3 molecule plays a major role in the presentation of the peptide.
- the artifacts in the analysis of the results were carefully avoided by excluding dead cells from cultures using the incorporation of propidium iodide.
- the fluorescent labeling experiments were carried out with antibodies directly coupled to fluorochrome, and always included negative controls.
- the expansion of V ⁇ 5.1 is included in the expansion of the entire CD4 + population.
- the patient's T cells respond to peptides by proliferation, and the depletion of cells expressing V ⁇ 5.1 inhibited this proliferation.
- an anti-DR3 alloantiserum not only inhibits proliferation of peptide 369-391, but also the expansion of cells expressing V ⁇ 5.1 in response to this peptide.
- RACh is a multi-epitopic autoantigen as indicated by the large number of T cell epitopes, found by different research groups on the ⁇ subunit as well as on the other subunits (36-40).
- the inventors' approach is based on the selection of two peptides of the ⁇ subunit of RACh for which the proliferative memory T response in patients is correlated with clinical data (antibody titer, disease severity). These Peptides are therefore potentially pathogenic and involved in the disease (36) when the following arguments are taken into account:
- the aforementioned peptides generally do not generate a response in the controls (22, 40, 60).
- the normal immune repertoire contains autoreactive T cells for RACh and other autoantigens (56, 61. 62,63), and it may be admitted that the specificities of the most frequent autoreactive T cells in the normal immune repertoire are less involved. in the disease and vice versa:
- the expansion of CD4 cells in response to the peptide involves the cells expressing V ⁇ 5.1 in all patients sharing the HLA-DRB 1 * 03 allele.
- the sharing of T cell specificity by different myasthenic patients expressing a common HLA DR B1 allele (HLA-DR3), which is also associated with the disease, demonstrates that the cells which have proliferated in response to the peptide are characteristic of the disease.
- HLA-DR3 haplotype Myasthenia gravis is associated with an increase in the frequency of the DR3 allele (26-30). This association is more evident in women, in young patients and in patients with thymic hyperplasia (27). In addition, thymic hyperplasia is associated with a high antibody titer and a generalized form of the disease (1, 10, 14). This would explain the importance of the expression of the HLA-DR3 haplotype in patients selected solely on the basis of the above clinical criteria. It should be noted that the only patient not expressing the HLA DRB1 * 03 haplotype, does not exhibit expansion of the cells expressing V ⁇ 5.1, either ex vivo or in culture after stimulation. with the peptide. All HLA-DR3 patients also express HLA DQA1 501 and HLA DQB1 201, which are strongly linked with HLA DRB1 * 03.
- the two peptides selected in this study contain the key residues proposed and arranged according to the consensus motifs defined for the peptides associated with HLA-DR3 (46-50).
- the direct demonstration of the implication of HLA-DR3 in the presentation of the peptide 169-181. is provided by our experiences of inhibiting the expansion of CD4 + V ⁇ 5.1 + cells and proliferation in response to the peptide by a specific anti DR3 alloantiserum in two patients tested. Therefore, the peptides used in this study are important components in the ternary complex to direct the observed V ⁇ 5.1 expansion.
- thymectomy is well accepted for young patients with a hyperplastic thymus, and can act by suppressing the source of potentially self-reactive T and B cells, as well as the potential site for reactivation of the autoimmune process (25).
- Clinical improvement after thymectomy is apparent after only one or two years.
- the use of anticholinesterase compounds is only a symptomatic treatment which is difficult to balance and for which the risk of overdose is permanent. As for corticosteroid treatment, this is accompanied by serious side effects.
- Acetylcholine receptor specifies T lymphocyte clones in the normal human immune directory: target epitopes. HLA restriction, and membrane phenotypes. Ann. Neurol. 29: 508-516.
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP96926423A EP0839195A1 (fr) | 1995-07-19 | 1996-07-18 | Sequences nucleotidiques et peptidiques pour le traitement de la myasthenie |
JP9506367A JPH11514968A (ja) | 1995-07-19 | 1996-07-18 | 筋無力症の処置のためのヌクレオチドおよびペプチド配列 |
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FR9508736A FR2736831B1 (fr) | 1995-07-19 | 1995-07-19 | Sequences nucleotidiques et peptidiques pour le traitement de la myasthenie |
FR95/08736 | 1995-07-19 |
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WO1997004093A1 true WO1997004093A1 (fr) | 1997-02-06 |
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PCT/FR1996/001131 WO1997004093A1 (fr) | 1995-07-19 | 1996-07-18 | Sequences nucleotidiques et peptidiques pour le traitement de la myasthenie |
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EP (1) | EP0839195A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH11514968A (fr) |
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WO (1) | WO1997004093A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1991007508A1 (fr) * | 1989-11-15 | 1991-05-30 | National Jewish Center For Immunology And Respiratory Medicine | Methode de mesure d'antigenes de surface de cellules en t chez les humains |
WO1992013950A2 (fr) * | 1991-02-12 | 1992-08-20 | Roussel-Uclaf | SEQUENCES NUCLEOTIDIQUES CODANT POUR DES REGIONS VARIABLES DE CHAINES β DES RECEPTEURS DES LYMPHOCYTES T HUMAINS, SEGMENTS PEPTIDIQUES CORRESPONDANTS ET LES APPLICATIONS DIAGNOSTIQUES ET THERAPEUTIQUES |
WO1994002509A1 (fr) * | 1992-07-15 | 1994-02-03 | Rijksuniversiteit Leiden | Peptides de blocage des hla-dr3 et leur application au traitement des maladies auto-immunes associees aux hla-dr3 |
WO1994025063A1 (fr) * | 1993-04-29 | 1994-11-10 | The Immune Response Corporation | Vaccination et procedes de vaccination contre la sclerose en plaques obtenus a partir de reponses patoghenes fournies par des populations specifiques de lymphocytes t |
-
1995
- 1995-07-19 FR FR9508736A patent/FR2736831B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-07-18 JP JP9506367A patent/JPH11514968A/ja active Pending
- 1996-07-18 EP EP96926423A patent/EP0839195A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-07-18 WO PCT/FR1996/001131 patent/WO1997004093A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1991007508A1 (fr) * | 1989-11-15 | 1991-05-30 | National Jewish Center For Immunology And Respiratory Medicine | Methode de mesure d'antigenes de surface de cellules en t chez les humains |
WO1992013950A2 (fr) * | 1991-02-12 | 1992-08-20 | Roussel-Uclaf | SEQUENCES NUCLEOTIDIQUES CODANT POUR DES REGIONS VARIABLES DE CHAINES β DES RECEPTEURS DES LYMPHOCYTES T HUMAINS, SEGMENTS PEPTIDIQUES CORRESPONDANTS ET LES APPLICATIONS DIAGNOSTIQUES ET THERAPEUTIQUES |
WO1994002509A1 (fr) * | 1992-07-15 | 1994-02-03 | Rijksuniversiteit Leiden | Peptides de blocage des hla-dr3 et leur application au traitement des maladies auto-immunes associees aux hla-dr3 |
WO1994025063A1 (fr) * | 1993-04-29 | 1994-11-10 | The Immune Response Corporation | Vaccination et procedes de vaccination contre la sclerose en plaques obtenus a partir de reponses patoghenes fournies par des populations specifiques de lymphocytes t |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
ZHENG, H. ET AL.: "Specific inhibition of cell-surface T-cell receptor expression by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides and its effects on the production of an antigen-specific regulatory T-cell factor", PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF USA, vol. 86, WASHINGTON US, pages 3758 - 3762, XP002020168 * |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2736831B1 (fr) | 1997-08-22 |
EP0839195A1 (fr) | 1998-05-06 |
FR2736831A1 (fr) | 1997-01-24 |
JPH11514968A (ja) | 1999-12-21 |
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