WO1997002755A1 - Animal feed suspension with increased phosphorus content and method for making same - Google Patents
Animal feed suspension with increased phosphorus content and method for making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997002755A1 WO1997002755A1 PCT/US1995/008760 US9508760W WO9702755A1 WO 1997002755 A1 WO1997002755 A1 WO 1997002755A1 US 9508760 W US9508760 W US 9508760W WO 9702755 A1 WO9702755 A1 WO 9702755A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- weight percent
- liquid feed
- feed
- stable
- recited
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 28
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004135 Bone phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000006052 feed supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- -1 sucrose and glucose Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RBLGLDWTCZMLRW-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium;phosphate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RBLGLDWTCZMLRW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004258 Ethoxyquin Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004251 balanced diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MHJAJDCZWVHCPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimagnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O MHJAJDCZWVHCPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000395 dimagnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019791 dimagnesium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- DECIPOUIJURFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyquin Chemical compound N1C(C)(C)C=C(C)C2=CC(OCC)=CC=C21 DECIPOUIJURFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093500 ethoxyquin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019285 ethoxyquin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004465 oilseed meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Definitions
- This invention relates to animal feed suspensions which are liquid feed supplements and which have a phosphorus content of at least 3 weight percent phosphorus, and a method for obtaining such feed supplements. More particularly, this invention relates to a liquid animal feed supplement that delivers high amounts of dietary phosphorus, remains a stable liquid suspension over a broad pH and temperature range, is effective for delivering nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and/or fat to the animal, and is particularly suited for swine.
- Liquid feeds for domesticated animals, particularly ruminants such as beef and dairy cattle and sheep have been widely used commercially. These ruminant feeds typically use liquid phosphorous sources such as ammonium polyphosphate and phosphoric acid.
- Thixotropic liquid suspensions include undissolved solids such as calcium carbonate.
- liquid feeds have not been widely used for monogastric animals, such as swine, because in prior formulations, levels of minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorous, that could be included in stable liquid feeds were limited relative to nutrient levels required in the diet.
- Liquid feeds are advantageous in that they provide dust control and ease of handling.
- a stable liquid feed with a high phosphorus content capable of suspending insoluble minerals needed in the diets of most animals has heretofore not been available because a feed high in phosphorus has also been too viscous, or even solid within broad temperature and pH ranges. These broad ranges are often required for commercial liquid feeds and feed supplements. This is especially the case for feeds and feed supplements which are capable of suspending at least about 40 weight percent undissolved solids.
- An object of the invention is to provide a stable liquid feed suspension which has a high phosphorus content. Another object of the invention is to provide a liquid feed suspension which is stable over a wide temperature and pH range which is effective for suspending up to 40 weight percent undissolved solids. Yet another object of the invention is to provide an animal feed or feed supplement which has a high phosphorous content, but is stable over broad temperature and pH ranges.
- the invention provides a stable liquid feed comprising a phosphorus content of at least about 3 weight percent, based upon the weight of the feed, a suspending agent, the liquid feed having a viscosity of from about 1000 cps to about 10,000 cps within a temperature range of from about 65° F. to about 80° F.
- the phosphorus in the liquid feed of the invention is in the form of dibasic and/or tribasic orthophosphates for the phosphorus in the feed in excess of 2.5 weight percent.
- liquid carriers such as water and corn steep liquor, suspending agent (s) and phosphates selected from the group consisting of dibasic orthophosphates, tribasic orthophosphates and mixtures thereof are mixed in effective amounts to provide a stable feed having the aforedescribed viscosity and the ability to suspend up to 40 weight percent undissolved solids over a pH range of from about 5 to about 9.
- All of the phosphorus in the liquid feed may be in di or tribasic form, but not more than about 2.5 weight percent of the phosphorus in the liquid feed may be a source of phosphorus which is not in a di or tribasic form.
- the liquid feed has a viscosity of from about 1000 to about 10,000 cps and the aforedescribed temperature range and comprises from about 20.0 to about 60.0 weight percent liquid carriers, from about 0.10 to about 2.0 weight percent suspending agent, from about 3.0 to about 12.0 weight percent phosphorus, the phosphorus in the feed being supplied by at least about 0.5 weight percent dibasic and/or tribasic orthophosphate.
- the liquid feed includes from about 1.0 to about 30 weight percent carbohydrates and further includes a soluble salt such as sodium chloride in an amount which serves to activate the clay to enhance its suspending ability.
- dibasic orthophosphate means a phosphate where two protons on H 3 P0 4 have been substituted with monovalent or divalent cations, as for example, dicalcium phosphate (CaHP0 4 .2H 2 0) , disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na 2 HP0 4 ) and ammonium mono hydrogen orthophosphate (NH 4 ) 2 HP0 4 .
- Tribasic orthophosphate means a phosphate where three protons on H 3 P0 4 have been substituted with monovalent or divalent cations, as for example tricalcium phosphate [Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 ] .
- Clay means a plastic mixture of silica and alumina which may be silicate mineral which hardens when heated and which in powdered form is an effective suspending agent. Effective clays include but are not limited to attapulgite and sepiolite.
- Gum means a polysaccharide material of plant origin which forms colloidal gels in water. Gums include but are not limited to xanthan gum and carrageenan gum.
- Liquid carrier means any substance that provides the necessary amount of water to the resulting product. It includes, but is not limited to water or a nutritive liquid. By balancing effective amounts of liquid carrier, a suspending agent and dibasic and tribasic orthophosphate with other forms of dietary phosphorus, the invention provides a stable liquid feed having a viscosity of from about 1000 cps to about 10,000 cps within a temperature range of from about 65° F. to about 80° F.
- Liquid carrier, a suspending agent comprising clay, gum and mixtures thereof, and a phosphate selected from the group consisting of dibasic orthophosphates, tribasic orthophosphates and mixtures thereof are mixed in effective amounts to provide the stable liquid feed having the aforedescribed viscosity and the ability to suspend up to 40 weight percent undissolved solids over a pH range of from about 5 to about 9.
- All of the phosphorus in the liquid feed may be in a di or tribasic form. If all of the phosphorous is not in such form, not more than about 2.5 percent of the phosphorous in the liquid feed is from a source of phosphorous which is not a di- or tribasic orthophosphate.
- the latter phosphates include phosphoric acid, and polyphosphates such as ammonium polyphosphate and monobasic orthophosphates.
- the liquid feed may also include carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, minerals, proteins and non-nutritive materials.
- sources of calcium and magnesium ions may serve as hardeners in feed blocked technology and may increase the viscosity of the feed more than is desired.
- the feed includes these sources of calcium and magnesium, the amounts must be balanced in amounts effective to avoid hardening the liquid feed into a solid form or raising the viscosity of the feed above the desired limits as described above.
- the liquid feed of this invention may contain ingredients including suspended solids such as carbonates, oxides, proteins and undissolved dietary salts; fats such as animal fats, vegetable oils and soapstocks; dissolved solids such as chlorides, sulfates, hydroxides, acids and urea. Further, soluble salts may be included as nutrient sources, to enhance the suspending ability of the clay and/or to provide stability against freezing.
- suspended solids such as carbonates, oxides, proteins and undissolved dietary salts
- fats such as animal fats, vegetable oils and soapstocks
- dissolved solids such as chlorides, sulfates, hydroxides, acids and urea.
- soluble salts may be included as nutrient sources, to enhance the suspending ability of the clay and/or to provide stability against freezing.
- the Dibasic and Tribasic Orthophosphate Source include but are not limited to dicalcium phosphate (CaHP0 4 .2H 2 0) , dimagnesium phosphate (MgHP0 4 .2H 2 0) , disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na 2 HP0 4 ) , dipotassium phosphate (K 2 HP0 4 ) and ammonium mono hydrogen orthophosphate (NH 4 ) 2 HP0 4 .
- the sources for tribasic orthophosphate include but are not limited to Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 and Mg 3 (P0 4 ) 2 .
- any phosphate source which converts into di or tribasic orthophosphorus within the pH range of from about 5 to about 9 will be an acceptable source for phosphorus.
- phosphorous not in di or tribasic orthophosphate form may provide up to about 2.5 weight percent phosphorous in the liquid feed.
- any phosphorus source which is suitable for an animal's diet that does not convert into a di or tribasic orthophosphate within the pH range of from about 5 to about 9 is suitable for use in the liquid feed of the invention.
- These phosphorus sources include polyphosphates such as ammonium polyphosphate, phosphoric acid and monobasic orthophosphates which tend to unduly thicken or gel are included in this type of phosphorus which is non di or tribasic phosphorus.
- the dibasic phosphorus source is preferably dicalcium phosphate.
- the Carbohydrate Source Sources of carbohydrates in the feed may include sugars such as sucrose and glucose, and nutritive liquids such as, beet and cane molasses, condensed beet solubles, and corn steep liquor.
- the carbohydrate source comprises from about 1 to about 60 weight percent of the liquid feed.
- the carbohydrate source is a blend of corn steep liquor and condensed beet solubles.
- corn steep liquor means, condensed fermented corn extractives and condensed beet solubles means desugared beet molasses.
- the carbohydrate source is 80 Brix cane molasses.
- the carbohydrate provides nutritive value to the liquid feed but is not necessarily required.
- the Suspending Agent Suitable suspending agents include, but are not limited to, clays such as sepiolite and attapulgite gums such as xanthan gum, carrageenan gum and guar gum, and starches such as gelatinized starch.
- the amount of suspending agent in the feed is from about 0.1 to about 2.0 weight percent, based upon the weight of the feed, preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.4 for gum and from about 0.25 to about 2 for clay.
- the suspending agent is attapulgite or sepiolite clay.
- soluble salts can serve as nutrient sources, as well as to enhance the suspending ability of the clays and/or serve to enhance freeze stability of the liquid feed.
- soluble salts useful for this invention are sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride.
- Optional Insoluble Ingredients Insoluble ingredients including carbonates such as calcium carbonate, oxides such as magnesium oxide prills, proteins and undissolved dietary salts may be added to the liquid feed in amounts ranging from about 0 to about 40 weight percent of the liquid feed.
- the liquid feed of the invention has the ability to provide a suspension of insoluble solids of at least 10 weight percent up to about 40 weight percent of the liquid feed over a broad temperature range of about 5° F. to about 90° F.
- the insoluble materials have a particle size of less than U.S. #10 screen size and generally 100 percent pass through U.S. #40 screen size.
- the fat source includes, but is not limited to fat such as tallow, grease, soapstock oils and vegetable oils and mixtures thereof. Generally up to and including about 30 weight fat may be included in the liquid feed of the invention. If fat is used, however, the fat may effect the viscosity of the composition, and as a result, the other ingredients may have to be controlled to provided the viscosity of the liquid feed as described herein.
- Optional Nitrogen Sources for dietary nitrogen include ammonium polyphosphate, urea, oilseed meals, animal protein products and synthetic amino acid.
- pH Control Ingredients The pH of the liquid feed should be maintained between from about 5 to about 9. This control may be retained with acids and bases such as but not limited to phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and magnesium oxide. However, with certain ingredients, the pH may be adjusted to above 5 to avoid foaming of carbonates.
- Viscosity The liquid feed is thixotropic and has a viscosity within the indicated range of about 1,000 to about 10,000 cps at about 65° F. to about 80° F. This viscosity, for commercial purposes, should be retained for a period of at least 12 weeks over a storage temperature range of 5 F. to 90° F. and, if the liquid feed sets up, it can be agitated to convert it to liquid form due to its thixotropic properties.
- Nutritive Liquid e.g., 4-10
- the pH reflects the nutritive molasses (cane/beet), corn liquid/s steep liquor, condensed fermented corn extractive, condensed beet solubles
- Soluble salts e.g., NaCI, 4-10 ammonium sulfate, KCI, etc.
- pH control ingredients 5.8-9 This is the step in manufacture to oxides, hydroxides, acids add acidic or basic ingredients to achieve the desired final pH range.
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Abstract
The invention provides a stable liquid feed comprising a phosphorous content of at least about 3 weight percent and a method for obtaining such feed supplements. The liquid feed suspension is stable over a wide temperature and pH range and is effective for suspending up to 40 weight percent undissolved solids.
Description
ANIMAL FEED SUSPENSION WITH INCREASED PHOSPHORUS CONTENT AND METHOD FOR MAKING SAME
Background of the Invention
This invention relates to animal feed suspensions which are liquid feed supplements and which have a phosphorus content of at least 3 weight percent phosphorus, and a method for obtaining such feed supplements. More particularly, this invention relates to a liquid animal feed supplement that delivers high amounts of dietary phosphorus, remains a stable liquid suspension over a broad pH and temperature range, is effective for delivering nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and/or fat to the animal, and is particularly suited for swine. Liquid feeds for domesticated animals, particularly ruminants such as beef and dairy cattle and sheep have been widely used commercially. These ruminant feeds typically use liquid phosphorous sources such as ammonium polyphosphate and phosphoric acid. Thixotropic liquid suspensions include undissolved solids such as calcium carbonate. However, liquid feeds have not been widely used for monogastric animals, such as swine, because in prior formulations, levels of minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorous, that could be included in stable liquid feeds were limited relative to nutrient levels required in the diet. Liquid feeds are advantageous in that they provide dust control and ease of handling. A stable liquid feed with a high phosphorus content capable of suspending insoluble minerals needed in the diets of most animals has heretofore not been available because a feed high in phosphorus has also been too viscous, or even solid within broad temperature and pH ranges. These broad ranges are often required for commercial liquid feeds and feed supplements. This is especially the case for feeds and feed supplements which are capable of suspending at least about 40 weight percent undissolved solids.
Objects of the Invention
An object of the invention is to provide a stable liquid feed suspension which has a high phosphorus content. Another object of the invention is to provide a liquid feed suspension which is stable over a wide temperature and pH range which is effective for suspending up to 40 weight percent undissolved solids. Yet another object of the invention is to provide an animal feed or feed supplement which has a high phosphorous content, but is stable over broad temperature and pH ranges.
These and other objects of the invention will become apparent with reference to the following description of the invention.
Summary of the Invention The invention provides a stable liquid feed comprising a phosphorus content of at least about 3 weight percent, based upon the weight of the feed, a suspending agent, the liquid feed having a viscosity of from about 1000 cps to about 10,000 cps within a temperature range of from about 65° F. to about 80° F. The phosphorus in the liquid feed of the invention is in the form of dibasic and/or tribasic orthophosphates for the phosphorus in the feed in excess of 2.5 weight percent. In accordance with the invention, liquid carriers, such as water and corn steep liquor, suspending agent (s) and phosphates selected from the group consisting of dibasic orthophosphates, tribasic orthophosphates and mixtures thereof are mixed in effective amounts to provide a stable feed having the aforedescribed viscosity and the ability to suspend up to 40 weight percent undissolved solids over a pH range of from about 5 to about 9. All of the phosphorus in the liquid feed may be in di or tribasic form, but not more than about 2.5 weight percent of the phosphorus in the liquid feed may be a source of phosphorus which is not in
a di or tribasic form.
In an important aspect of the invention, the liquid feed has a viscosity of from about 1000 to about 10,000 cps and the aforedescribed temperature range and comprises from about 20.0 to about 60.0 weight percent liquid carriers, from about 0.10 to about 2.0 weight percent suspending agent, from about 3.0 to about 12.0 weight percent phosphorus, the phosphorus in the feed being supplied by at least about 0.5 weight percent dibasic and/or tribasic orthophosphate. Desirably, the liquid feed includes from about 1.0 to about 30 weight percent carbohydrates and further includes a soluble salt such as sodium chloride in an amount which serves to activate the clay to enhance its suspending ability. Description of the Preferred Embodiments of the Invention
In this specification, "dibasic orthophosphate" means a phosphate where two protons on H3P04 have been substituted with monovalent or divalent cations, as for example, dicalcium phosphate (CaHP04.2H20) , disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HP04) and ammonium mono hydrogen orthophosphate (NH4)2HP04.
"Tribasic orthophosphate" means a phosphate where three protons on H3P04 have been substituted with monovalent or divalent cations, as for example tricalcium phosphate [Ca3(P04)2] .
"Clay" means a plastic mixture of silica and alumina which may be silicate mineral which hardens when heated and which in powdered form is an effective suspending agent. Effective clays include but are not limited to attapulgite and sepiolite.
"Gum" means a polysaccharide material of plant origin which forms colloidal gels in water. Gums include but are not limited to xanthan gum and carrageenan gum.
"Liquid carrier" means any substance that provides the necessary amount of water to the resulting product. It includes, but is not limited to water or a nutritive liquid.
By balancing effective amounts of liquid carrier, a suspending agent and dibasic and tribasic orthophosphate with other forms of dietary phosphorus, the invention provides a stable liquid feed having a viscosity of from about 1000 cps to about 10,000 cps within a temperature range of from about 65° F. to about 80° F. Liquid carrier, a suspending agent comprising clay, gum and mixtures thereof, and a phosphate selected from the group consisting of dibasic orthophosphates, tribasic orthophosphates and mixtures thereof are mixed in effective amounts to provide the stable liquid feed having the aforedescribed viscosity and the ability to suspend up to 40 weight percent undissolved solids over a pH range of from about 5 to about 9. All of the phosphorus in the liquid feed may be in a di or tribasic form. If all of the phosphorous is not in such form, not more than about 2.5 percent of the phosphorous in the liquid feed is from a source of phosphorous which is not a di- or tribasic orthophosphate. The latter phosphates include phosphoric acid, and polyphosphates such as ammonium polyphosphate and monobasic orthophosphates.
For a balanced diet, the liquid feed may also include carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, minerals, proteins and non-nutritive materials. However, sources of calcium and magnesium ions may serve as hardeners in feed blocked technology and may increase the viscosity of the feed more than is desired. Hence, if the feed includes these sources of calcium and magnesium, the amounts must be balanced in amounts effective to avoid hardening the liquid feed into a solid form or raising the viscosity of the feed above the desired limits as described above.
The liquid feed of this invention may contain ingredients including suspended solids such as carbonates, oxides, proteins and undissolved dietary salts; fats such as animal fats, vegetable oils and soapstocks; dissolved solids such as chlorides, sulfates, hydroxides, acids and urea.
Further, soluble salts may be included as nutrient sources, to enhance the suspending ability of the clay and/or to provide stability against freezing. The Dibasic and Tribasic Orthophosphate Source The sources for dibasic and tribasic orthophosphate include but are not limited to dicalcium phosphate (CaHP04.2H20) , dimagnesium phosphate (MgHP04.2H20) , disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HP04) , dipotassium phosphate (K2HP04) and ammonium mono hydrogen orthophosphate (NH4)2HP04.
The sources for tribasic orthophosphate include but are not limited to Ca3(P04)2 and Mg3 (P04)2.
While not intending to be bound by any theory, any phosphate source which converts into di or tribasic orthophosphorus within the pH range of from about 5 to about 9 will be an acceptable source for phosphorus. The Non Di and Tribasic OrthoPhosphate Source
As indicated, phosphorous not in di or tribasic orthophosphate form may provide up to about 2.5 weight percent phosphorous in the liquid feed.
Any phosphorus source which is suitable for an animal's diet that does not convert into a di or tribasic orthophosphate within the pH range of from about 5 to about 9 is suitable for use in the liquid feed of the invention. These phosphorus sources include polyphosphates such as ammonium polyphosphate, phosphoric acid and monobasic orthophosphates which tend to unduly thicken or gel are included in this type of phosphorus which is non di or tribasic phosphorus. For swine feed, the dibasic phosphorus source is preferably dicalcium phosphate.
It is important that the phosphorous sources do not cause the liquid feed to thicken outside the indicated viscosity range and that these sources provide higher levels particularly for monogastric animals.
The Carbohydrate Source Sources of carbohydrates in the feed may include sugars such as sucrose and glucose, and nutritive liquids such as, beet and cane molasses, condensed beet solubles, and corn steep liquor. The carbohydrate source comprises from about 1 to about 60 weight percent of the liquid feed. In an important aspect of the invention, the carbohydrate source is a blend of corn steep liquor and condensed beet solubles. In this connection corn steep liquor means, condensed fermented corn extractives and condensed beet solubles means desugared beet molasses. In another aspect of the invention, the carbohydrate source is 80 Brix cane molasses.
The carbohydrate provides nutritive value to the liquid feed but is not necessarily required.
The Suspending Agent Suitable suspending agents include, but are not limited to, clays such as sepiolite and attapulgite gums such as xanthan gum, carrageenan gum and guar gum, and starches such as gelatinized starch. The amount of suspending agent in the feed is from about 0.1 to about 2.0 weight percent, based upon the weight of the feed, preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.4 for gum and from about 0.25 to about 2 for clay. In an important aspect of the invention the suspending agent is attapulgite or sepiolite clay.
The Soluble Salts As above indicated, soluble salts can serve as nutrient sources, as well as to enhance the suspending ability of the clays and/or serve to enhance freeze stability of the liquid feed. Examples of soluble salts useful for this invention are sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride. Optional Insoluble Ingredients Insoluble ingredients including carbonates such as calcium carbonate, oxides such as magnesium oxide prills, proteins and undissolved dietary salts may be
added to the liquid feed in amounts ranging from about 0 to about 40 weight percent of the liquid feed. In an important aspect of the invention, the liquid feed of the invention has the ability to provide a suspension of insoluble solids of at least 10 weight percent up to about 40 weight percent of the liquid feed over a broad temperature range of about 5° F. to about 90° F.
Particle Size The insoluble materials have a particle size of less than U.S. #10 screen size and generally 100 percent pass through U.S. #40 screen size.
Optional Fat Source The fat source includes, but is not limited to fat such as tallow, grease, soapstock oils and vegetable oils and mixtures thereof. Generally up to and including about 30 weight fat may be included in the liquid feed of the invention. If fat is used, however, the fat may effect the viscosity of the composition, and as a result, the other ingredients may have to be controlled to provided the viscosity of the liquid feed as described herein.
Optional Nitrogen Source Sources for dietary nitrogen include ammonium polyphosphate, urea, oilseed meals, animal protein products and synthetic amino acid. pH Control Ingredients The pH of the liquid feed should be maintained between from about 5 to about 9. This control may be retained with acids and bases such as but not limited to phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and magnesium oxide. However, with certain ingredients, the pH may be adjusted to above 5 to avoid foaming of carbonates.
Viscosity The liquid feed is thixotropic and has a viscosity within the indicated range of about 1,000 to about 10,000 cps at about 65° F. to about 80° F. This viscosity, for
commercial purposes, should be retained for a period of at least 12 weeks over a storage temperature range of 5 F. to 90° F. and, if the liquid feed sets up, it can be agitated to convert it to liquid form due to its thixotropic properties.
Making the Liquid Feed of the Invention
Ingredient/s (in order of pH range Comments addition of mixture
Water 5-7
Clay or 8-9 The pH of this system is that of the suspending material
Gum 5-7 The pH of this system is that of the suspending material
Nutritive Liquid (e.g., 4-10 The pH reflects the nutritive molasses (cane/beet), corn liquid/s steep liquor, condensed fermented corn extractive, condensed beet solubles
Soluble salts (e.g., NaCI, 4-10 ammonium sulfate, KCI, etc.) pH control ingredients, 5.8-9 This is the step in manufacture to oxides, hydroxides, acids add acidic or basic ingredients to achieve the desired final pH range.
Phosphate addition 5-9
Calcium Carbonate, if 5-9 The pH must be over 5.8 to added prevent carbonate foaming.
Ammonium polyphosphate 5-9 A downward shift of (if added) approximately .5 pH units is seen if the pH of the product is ≥ 5.5. This is the reason the range of 5.8-9 is given for the pH control ingredients.
Commercial Formulations of the Invention
Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate 24.049 24.058
Water 18.017 19.468
Beet solubles 11.399 7.126
Limestone (CaC03) 10.968 10.964
Corn Steep 10.000 10.000
Fat 9.805 9.870
Salt 6.500 6.500
Clay 25% 4.000 4.000
Trace nutrients 1.876 4.626
MgO 0.300 0.300
Flavor 0.050 0.050
Ethoxyquin 0.013 0.013
Disodium phosphate 0.013 0.013
Tricalcium phosphate 0.013 0.013
Ammonium polyphosphate 3.000 3.000
100.003 100.001 pH 5.8-6.2 5.8-6.2
Viscosity 1600-3000 1600-3000
Dry matter 68% 68%
Phosphorous 5% 5%
Laboratorv Formulas with Cane Molasses as Primary Carrier
Water 18.39 18.24 15.00 20.79
Clay 25% 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Cane 79.5 31.57 32.07 43.76 31.94
Salt 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50
MgO 1.00 1.00
NaOH 3.70
Limestone (CaC03) 11.85 10.80 2.49 12.11
Dicalcium phosphate 22.29 23.69 22.08 dihydrate
Tricalcium phosphate 22.74
Disodium phosphate 4.59
Ammonium polyphosphate 6.50 6.50
Phosphoric acid 3.00
100.00 100.00 99.99 100.01
Phosphorus 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 pH 24 hour 7.00 6.41 6.64 6.11
1 week 6.59 6.58 8.40 6.32
Viscosity 24 hour 2505 2950 5700 1475
1 week 3050 2350 7500 1350
Claims
1. A stable liquid animal feed comprising a dibasic or tribasic orthophosphate source or mixtures thereof, liquid carrier, a suspending agent, the liquid feed having a viscosity of from about 1000 cps to about
10,000 cps measured within a temperature range of between about 65° F. and about 80° F., the liquid carrier, the suspending agent and the phosphates, being mixed in effective amounts to provide the stable liquid feed with a phosphorus content of at least about 3 weight percent, based upon the weight of the feed, and said viscosity and the liquid feed being effective for suspending up to 40 weight percent undissolved solids over a pH range of from about 5 to about 9.
2. A stable liquid feed as recited in claim 1 wherein the liquid feed is stable in the temperature range of about 5° F. to about 90° F.
3. A stable liquid feed as recited in claim 1, further including sources of carbohydrates comprising molasses, corn steep, condensed beet solubles and mixtures thereof.
4. A stable liquid feed as recited in claim 1 and further including a soluble salt.
5. A stable thixotropic liquid animal feed comprising from about 20.0 to about 60.0 weight percent liquid carrier, from about 0.10 to about 2.0 weight percent suspending agent, from about 3.0 to about 12.0 weight percent phosphorus, from about 1.0 to about 30 weight percent carbohydrate, the phosphorus in the feed being supplied by at least 0.5 weight percent of a phosphate selected from the group consisting of dibasic orthophosphate, tribasic orthophosphate and mixtures thereof, the liquid feed having a viscosity of from about 1000 cps to about 10,000 cps over a temperature range of from about 65° F. to about 80° F.
6. A stable liquid feed as recited in claim 5 wherein the liquid feed is stable in the temperature range of about 5° F. to about 90° F.
7. A stable liquid feed as recited in claim 5 wherein the sources of carbohydrate comprises molasses, corn steep, condensed beet solubles and mixtures thereof.
8. A stable liquid feed as recited in claim 5 wherein the insoluble ingredients have a mesh size less than a U.S. #10 screen.
9. A stable liquid feed as recited in Claim 1, further comprising carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, proteins or non-nutritive materials.
10. A method of preparing a stable liquid feed comprising the steps of providing liquid carrier in the amount of about 20.0 to about 60.0 weight percent, adding and mixing from about 0.10 to about 2.0 weight percent of a suspending agent, adding phosphates at a level of 3.0 to 12.0 weight percent with dibasic or tribasic phosphates included at a level of from 0.5 to 12 weight percent and other phosphates at a level of less than 2.5 weight percent, and mixing the ingredients to provide a viscosity of about 1000 cps to about 10,000 cps.
11. A method as recited in Claim 10 wherein a soluble salt is added after addition of the suspending agent.
12. A method as recited in Claim 10 wherein the sources of carbohydrate comprises molasses, corn steep liquor, condensed beet solubles and mixtures thereof .
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU30082/95A AU3008295A (en) | 1995-07-13 | 1995-07-13 | Animal feed suspension with increased phosphorus content and method for making same |
| PCT/US1995/008760 WO1997002755A1 (en) | 1995-07-13 | 1995-07-13 | Animal feed suspension with increased phosphorus content and method for making same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1995/008760 WO1997002755A1 (en) | 1995-07-13 | 1995-07-13 | Animal feed suspension with increased phosphorus content and method for making same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1997002755A1 true WO1997002755A1 (en) | 1997-01-30 |
Family
ID=22249462
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1995/008760 WO1997002755A1 (en) | 1995-07-13 | 1995-07-13 | Animal feed suspension with increased phosphorus content and method for making same |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU3008295A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997002755A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4267197A (en) * | 1978-06-21 | 1981-05-12 | Pacific Kenyon Corporation | Animal feed supplement as a thixotropic stable suspension |
| US4382966A (en) * | 1980-11-12 | 1983-05-10 | Cargill Incorporated | Animal feed suspension and method of making the same |
-
1995
- 1995-07-13 AU AU30082/95A patent/AU3008295A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-07-13 WO PCT/US1995/008760 patent/WO1997002755A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4267197A (en) * | 1978-06-21 | 1981-05-12 | Pacific Kenyon Corporation | Animal feed supplement as a thixotropic stable suspension |
| US4382966A (en) * | 1980-11-12 | 1983-05-10 | Cargill Incorporated | Animal feed suspension and method of making the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU3008295A (en) | 1997-02-10 |
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