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WO1997043875A1 - Processeur d'energie pour lampes a iodures metalliques - Google Patents

Processeur d'energie pour lampes a iodures metalliques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997043875A1
WO1997043875A1 PCT/US1996/006769 US9606769W WO9743875A1 WO 1997043875 A1 WO1997043875 A1 WO 1997043875A1 US 9606769 W US9606769 W US 9606769W WO 9743875 A1 WO9743875 A1 WO 9743875A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lamp
metal halide
circuit
voltage
power processor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/006769
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hansraj R. Guhilot
Original Assignee
SLS INDUSTRIES, INC., doing business as Scientific Lighting Solutions
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SLS INDUSTRIES, INC., doing business as Scientific Lighting Solutions filed Critical SLS INDUSTRIES, INC., doing business as Scientific Lighting Solutions
Priority to AU59201/96A priority Critical patent/AU5920196A/en
Publication of WO1997043875A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997043875A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/382—Controlling the intensity of light during the transitional start-up phase
    • H05B41/384—Controlling the intensity of light during the transitional start-up phase in case of hot-restriking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters
    • H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
    • H05B41/2881—Load circuits; Control thereof
    • H05B41/2882—Load circuits; Control thereof the control resulting from an action on the static converter
    • H05B41/2883—Load circuits; Control thereof the control resulting from an action on the static converter the controlled element being a DC/AC converter in the final stage, e.g. by harmonic mode starting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters
    • H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
    • H05B41/292—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2921—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2925—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions against abnormal lamp operating conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/39—Controlling the intensity of light continuously
    • H05B41/392—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
    • H05B41/3921—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations
    • H05B41/3927—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations by pulse width modulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to a circuit for providmg an operating voltage and current to a metal halide lamp.
  • a power processor is described for supplying a starting voltage and current to a metal halide lamp as well as steady-state voltage and current following starting of the lamp for maintaining a stable arc in the lamp.
  • Metal halide lamps are used widely in industrial applications, wherein high intensity, high efficiency lighting is needed.
  • metal halide lamps present unique problems to the power supply designer because of the non- linearity of the impedance of the lamp.
  • the impedance curve of the metal halide lamps are extremely non-linear and during ignition of the lamp present a chaotic load which must be matched in all stages of operation in order to provide the required arc stability.
  • Metal halide lamps are supplied with voltage and current from a high voltage inverter and power factor correction circuit.
  • the high voltage provided by the power factor correction circuit is prereguiated and converted to an alternating voltage and current for igniting the lamp and maintaining the lamp ignited.
  • the power processor circuit for generating the lamp voltage and current from the voltage supplied by the power factor correction circuit must provide the correct operating power during all phases of lamp operation.
  • phase include the initial start-up mode wherein a voltage and current having a high odd harmonic content applied to the lamp results in ignition ofthe lamp.
  • arc stability must be maintained, requiring a current which does not have a high harmonic content.
  • An operating phase which must be accommodated by the power processor includes supplying a safe voltage level to restart ignition during a hot restrike condition. Under these conditions a continuous starting voltage to the lamp may damage the thermal switch and the shunting resistor inside the lamp if the lamp takes an inordinate amount of time to ignite.
  • a power processor is needed which can provide the voltage and current to a metal hahde lamp for all phases of operation.
  • a power processor which produces an optimum starting mode for igniting the metal halide lamp, and which includes circuitry for protecting the lamp and power processor during a hot restrike and a no lamp condition.
  • circuitry is provided for applying a voltage and current having a fundamental frequency component, linear ramp component, and an odd harmonic of the fundamental frequency. All three components are superimposed on each other as a starting current.
  • the harmonic component quickly damps out after lamp ignition, depending upon the slope of the fundamental frequency of the current which is determined by a resonant link of the power processor.
  • the quickly-damped odd harmonic frequency current component leaves a fundamental frequency current which stabilizes the lamp current.
  • the power processor includes a modified Class E half-bridge configuration with a preregulator.
  • the power processor provides an aliternating switched high voltage from the preregulator to the lamp.
  • the harmonic content of the current is kept high.
  • the jfesult of a voltage at a fundamental frequency and a current with a high harmonic component is harmoniously increasing power punches applied to the lamp electrodes improving electrode life.
  • the current pulled from the preregulator is maintained low which produces a reduced amplitude fundamental frequency current but the harmonic components are maintained rich by resonating the load which includes the lamp.
  • the lamp is protected during hot restrike from excessive power which may damage the shunting resistor and the thermal switch of the lamp by monitoring the load voltage and varying the gain of the preregulator controller. This brings tbe DC bus volt ⁇ .ge within the safe limit of the lamp.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the functional block diagram of a circuit for producing current and voltage to illuminate a metal hahde lamp in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the details of the power processor and its hot restrike protection circuitry.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the modified half-bridge Class E topology of the circuit of Figure 2 during the normal working mode.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the modified half-bridge Class E topology of the circuit of Figure 2 in hot restrike condition.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the various voltage and current waveforms in the power processor circuit when igniting the lamp.
  • Figure 6A illustrates the lamp voltage characteristics as a function of time during the various operational phases of the lamp 22.
  • Figure 6B illustrates the lamp V and I characteristics as a function of time during the GTA and stead-state conditions of lamp 22.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the voltages and currents of the power processor of Figure 2 during the flow-to-arc (GTA) and before local thermal equih ' brium (LTE) mode of the lamp.
  • GTA flow-to-arc
  • LTE local thermal equih ' brium
  • Figure 8 illustrates voltages and currents of the power processor of Figure 2 under normal operation of the lamp (LTE mode).
  • Figure 9 illustrates voltages and currents of the power processor of Figure 2 under hot restrike condition of the lamp.
  • the circuit includes a DC power supply 11 which is connected to a source of AC voltage 10.
  • the DC power supply provides for a voltage 4- Vcc which is used to power the automatic power factor control (APFC) circuit 14, preregulator control circuit 15, control circuit 17 for power processor 16 and hot restrike control circuit 19.
  • APFC automatic power factor control
  • a boost choke of APFC power circuit 12 will chop the DC voltage supplied by the DC power supply -r-Vbb. This chopped DC vol ⁇ age is given to a preregulator which produces therefrom a high voltage potential Vab. Power factor correction is employed so that changes in load represented by the lamp 22 and power processor 16 will maintain nearly unity power factor to the input voltage line 10.
  • the arrangement of the DC power supply boost choke circuit 12 and power factor correction circuit (APFC) 14 is well known in the art and finds extensive use in the generation of voltages for driving metal halide lamps.
  • the high voltage from APFC power circuit 12 is altered by a preregulator power circuit 13.
  • the APFC power circuit 12 is controlled by an APFC control circuit 14.
  • the APFC control circuit 14 is provided with a voltage ⁇ ense from DC bus Vab and gain control from the prexegulator control circuit 15.
  • the preregulator control circuit 15 receives signals from the DC bus Vab and the hot restrike control circuit 19.
  • the hot restrike control circuit 19 continuously monitors the lamp voltage 21 and changes the gain of the preregulator control circuit 15 so as to maintain the DC bus Vab such that it remains within the safe limits of lamp 22 after being processed by a power processor 16 and the resonant network 18.
  • the DC bus voltage Vab is applied to the power processor 16.
  • the power processor 16 employs a modified Class E half-bridge topology.
  • the output 20 of power processor 16 is connected to a resonant network 18.
  • This resonant network 18 offers an inductive load to the processor output 20 and a capacitive load to lamp input 21.
  • the power processor 16 receives the switching commands from the control and drive circuit 17.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the power processor 16 and its interconnection with the control and drive circuit 17 and hot re3trike control circuit 19.
  • Terminals A and B receive the DC high voltage from preregulator power circuit 13.
  • Capacitors 23 and 24 couple each terminal A and B to one side of the primary of transformer 30. The other side of the primary of transformer 30 is connected through a leakage inductor 29 to the common junction between two electronic switches 35 and 36. Switches 35 and 36 are alternately operated from a base drive and control circuit 17. Under operation of the base drive and control circuit 17, a currant source formed from inductors 25 and 26 coupled together provide « driving current through leakage inductor 29, the primary of transformer 30 to the common connection of capacitors 23 and 24.
  • Tbe DC bus voltage is varied by maintaining the reference voltage to the error amp of APFC control circuit 14 constant and varying the potential divider network of voltage VAB (voltage sense as indicated in Figure 10,
  • transformer 30 The secondary of transformer 30 is connected to an inductor 31 and capacitor 32 which supplies current to the metal halide lamp 22.
  • a magnetizing inductor 28 is connected across the primary winding of transformer 30.
  • This linear current makes the capacitor 27 serving as a switch link capacitor, resonate at a fundamental frequency determined by the mutually coupled inductor, transformer primary with reflected reactance and the link capacitor to decide the fundamental frequency.
  • Tbe linear ramp is also controlled by the mutually coupled inducto- and magnetizing inductor 28. A rectified sinusoidal voltage appears across capacitor 27.
  • the electronic switches 35 and 36 are switched at a rate of nfl, where n is practically selected to be 1 or 2, and fl is the resonant fundamental frequency. It has been found that above 50 KHz there is good arc stability.
  • the damping rate is decided by the amount of power in the leakage inductor wich in turn is decided by the rate of change of current (i.e., dominantly the slope of the ramp).
  • Figure 4 illustrates how the three currents are produced II, 12 and 13, and superimposed over one another for driving the load 48, constituting the circuit connected to the secondary of transformer 30.
  • this secondary impedance will be reflected as a capacitance 48 across the magnetizing inductor 28.
  • 13 represents the resonant frequency current component
  • II represents a linear ramp component of th ⁇ t current through the transformer 30 and its load circuit 48.
  • seventh or odd multiple harmonic 12 is produced from the secondary ci cuit components including inductor 31 and capacitor 32. As the lamp turn:, on, the Q factor of this series resonance circuit is reduced, and the magnitude of the seventh harmonic component 12 is correspondingly reduced.
  • the power processor circuit is a modification of Class E topology, it offers a minimum switching stress on said first and second switching elements and it being a modification of current driven topology, provides regulated current to said lamp load, a thing very much wanted curing starting to P 96 769
  • the operation of the circuit of Figure 2 in the manner explained with respect to Figure 3, provides for arc stabihty by hiiving the various superimposed components of the current through the lamp.
  • the odd or seventh harmonic component provides for electromagnetic energy which assists in initiation of the arc.
  • the linear current function tends to stabilize the arc, avoiding any loss of ignition.
  • the fundamental frequency signal also contributes to the arc stabihty.
  • the hot restrike control circuit 19 detects the voltage on Iht metal halide lamp 22. As this potential increases, indicating a hot restrike condition, & voltage is produced across voltage dividing resistors 37 and 38.
  • the rectifier 39 produces a DC voltage across resistors 40 and capacitor 41.
  • a diac 42 produces a switching potential for the field effect transistor 45.
  • the gate electrode of the field effect transistor 45 is connected to the parallel combination of resistor 43 and capacitor 44 and receives the switching signal from diac 42.
  • a monostable multivibrator represented by timer 47, is triggered if the voltage remai ' ins for a period of time set by said resistor 43 and 44.
  • the gain of the preregulator control circuit 15 is reduced, thus reducing the potential across terminals A and B.
  • the reduced potential protects the circuitry of Figure 2 from excessive voltages which may damage the circuit during a hot restrike condition, as well as protecting the metal hahde lamp from being damaged.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the voltage across capacitor 27 which is the fundamental frequency component II, generated by Figure 2.
  • the current through inductors 25 or 26 produce a linear, harmonic and ifirst fundamental frequency component, as shown. This current is switched by switches 35 or 36 and applied to the primary of transformer 30.
  • Figure 6A illustrates the voltage across the lamp 22 from the time the lamp changes from the off-state to the normal working on-state.
  • voltage is applied to the lamp containing the seventh or higher order harmonic voltage.
  • the lamp impedance is reduced significantly, also reducing the seventh harmonic component.
  • the voltage has stabilized to approximately 30% of the voltage needed to strike the lamp.
  • Figure 6B illustrates the current through the lamp 22, as well as the voltage across the lamp 22 during each of the phases of off, glow to arc transition, and lamp on.
  • the circuit of Figure 2 provides for increased stability as a result of the multicomponent nature of its voltage applied to the metal hahde lamp 22.
  • the various individual components of linear,, fundamental and seventh or higher harmonic component play a significant role in operation of the lamp.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the various voltages and currents generated in the circuit of Figure 2 during the glow to arc discharge phase of the lamp following the start-up phase.
  • Figure 8 illustrates the various currents and voltages in the circuit elements of Figure 2 for the normal working mode of the lamp. As the comparison of these two Figures will illustrate how the higher order harmonic current component is diminished as the lamp goes from the glow to arc to the normal working on condition. During a lamp hot restrike condition, which is shown in

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un processeur d'énergie (16) servant à l'allumage d'une lampe à iodures métalliques (22). Ledit processeur d'énergie (16) produit un allumage fiable et un flux stable jusqu'à la transition de formation d'arc de la lampe à iodures métalliques. La tension de la lampe comporte une composante fondamentale sinusoïdale, une composante linéaire commutée et une composante harmonique impaire de rang élevé. La composante harmonique impaire de rang élevé est réduite lorsque l'allumage de la lampe (22) se produit et la composante fondamentale sinusoïdale produit un arc stable. La lampe et le circuit sont protégés par un système mesurant la tension de la lampe et réduisant la tension arrivant à la lampe lors d'un rallumage à chaud.
PCT/US1996/006769 1994-08-30 1996-05-13 Processeur d'energie pour lampes a iodures metalliques WO1997043875A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU59201/96A AU5920196A (en) 1994-08-30 1996-05-13 A power processor for metal halide lamps

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29858994A 1994-08-30 1994-08-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997043875A1 true WO1997043875A1 (fr) 1997-11-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1996/006769 WO1997043875A1 (fr) 1994-08-30 1996-05-13 Processeur d'energie pour lampes a iodures metalliques

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AU (1) AU5920196A (fr)
WO (1) WO1997043875A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000030414A1 (fr) * 1998-11-18 2000-05-25 Microlights Limited Systeme d'eclairage pour lampe a decharge de grande intensite possedant un support de lampe
WO2000030412A1 (fr) * 1998-11-18 2000-05-25 Microlights Limited Systeme d'eclairage lampe a decharge haute intensite
WO2003039211A1 (fr) * 2001-10-31 2003-05-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Montage de circuit
NL1020276C2 (nl) * 2002-03-28 2003-09-30 Nedap Nv Elektronisch voorschakelapparaat voor gasontladingslampen.
US6969957B2 (en) * 2003-04-01 2005-11-29 Power Gems Limited Ignition system for a high-frequency high-intensity discharge lamp system
WO2007031914A1 (fr) * 2005-09-12 2007-03-22 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Convertisseur continu-alternatif de classe e controle
EP1654913B1 (fr) * 2003-07-23 2009-08-26 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Ballast pour au moins une lampe a decharge a haute pression, procede pour faire fonctionner une telle lampe et systeme d'eclairage comprenant une telle lampe
EP1713309A3 (fr) * 2005-04-11 2010-01-20 Nucon GbR Circuit et méthode d' alimentation d' une lampe à décharge compacte haute-pression en courant alternatif

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4523128A (en) * 1982-12-10 1985-06-11 Honeywell Inc. Remote control of dimmable electronic gas discharge lamp ballasts

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4523128A (en) * 1982-12-10 1985-06-11 Honeywell Inc. Remote control of dimmable electronic gas discharge lamp ballasts

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000030414A1 (fr) * 1998-11-18 2000-05-25 Microlights Limited Systeme d'eclairage pour lampe a decharge de grande intensite possedant un support de lampe
WO2000030412A1 (fr) * 1998-11-18 2000-05-25 Microlights Limited Systeme d'eclairage lampe a decharge haute intensite
US6590350B1 (en) 1998-11-18 2003-07-08 Microlights Limited Lighting system with a high intensity discharge lamp
WO2003039211A1 (fr) * 2001-10-31 2003-05-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Montage de circuit
NL1020276C2 (nl) * 2002-03-28 2003-09-30 Nedap Nv Elektronisch voorschakelapparaat voor gasontladingslampen.
WO2003084293A1 (fr) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-09 N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek Nedap Circuit electronique d'alimentation pour des lampes a decharge gazeuse
US7180251B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2007-02-20 N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek Nedap Electronic power circuit for gas discharge lamps
US6969957B2 (en) * 2003-04-01 2005-11-29 Power Gems Limited Ignition system for a high-frequency high-intensity discharge lamp system
EP1654913B1 (fr) * 2003-07-23 2009-08-26 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Ballast pour au moins une lampe a decharge a haute pression, procede pour faire fonctionner une telle lampe et systeme d'eclairage comprenant une telle lampe
US7880399B2 (en) 2003-07-23 2011-02-01 Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Ballast for at least one fluorescent high pressure discharge lamp, method for operating said lamp and lighting system comprising said lamp
EP1713309A3 (fr) * 2005-04-11 2010-01-20 Nucon GbR Circuit et méthode d' alimentation d' une lampe à décharge compacte haute-pression en courant alternatif
WO2007031914A1 (fr) * 2005-09-12 2007-03-22 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Convertisseur continu-alternatif de classe e controle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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