WO1996037579A1 - Composition lubrifiante pour compresseurs frigorifiques - Google Patents
Composition lubrifiante pour compresseurs frigorifiques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996037579A1 WO1996037579A1 PCT/FR1996/000766 FR9600766W WO9637579A1 WO 1996037579 A1 WO1996037579 A1 WO 1996037579A1 FR 9600766 W FR9600766 W FR 9600766W WO 9637579 A1 WO9637579 A1 WO 9637579A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- ester
- linear
- acid
- neopolyol
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorophacinone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002384 heptanoic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940117969 neopentyl glycol Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- XZOYHFBNQHPJRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCC(O)=O XZOYHFBNQHPJRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940113165 trimethylolpropane Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 pentaerythritol ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- AWQSAIIDOMEEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-Dimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC1CC(=O)OC1(C)C AWQSAIIDOMEEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002969 pentanoic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 206010010904 Convulsion Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
- C10M2211/022—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/32—Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/34—Lubricating-sealants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/40—Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/42—Flashing oils or marking oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/44—Super vacuum or supercritical use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/50—Medical uses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to lubricating compositions for refrigeration compressors with improved lubricating and anti-wear properties for the new chlorine-free fluorocarbon refrigerant gases.
- esters of neopolyols in particular reaction products of carboxylic acids with short branched chains comprising at most six carbon atoms and carboxylic acids with long chains linear or branched comprising more than eight carbon atoms with neopolyols such as neopentylglycol (NPG), trimethylolpropane (TMP), and mono, di and tri pentaerythritols (PE).
- NPG neopentylglycol
- TMP trimethylolpropane
- PE mono, di and tri pentaerythritols
- lubricating compositions described very widely in the patents of the technique aim to obtain an optimum of miscibility of the lubricating composition and of the refrigerant gas in the temperature and concentration ranges of lubricating composition imposed by the refrigerating installations. This optimum is most often targeted by excess to 30% by weight of lubricating composition.
- the present invention therefore relates to a lubricating composition with improved lubrication and anti-wear properties, the viscosity of which is sufficient and does not drop suddenly by high miscibility with the refrigerant gases, thus causing binding of the friction parts, even in pressurized systems favoring such drops in viscosity.
- the lubricant composition is selected on the basis of lubrication, viscosity and anti-wear criteria, the viscosity having to be sufficient to avoid seizing of the friction parts and limiting their wear, miscibility being considered here as a secondary criterion. .
- the present invention therefore relates to a lubricating composition whose anti-wear characteristic corresponding to the diameter of the imprint measured in accordance with standard ASTM D4172 is less than 0.80 mm as in previous mixtures of mineral oil / R12, the viscosity measured at 40 ° C according to AFNOR T60100 standard is between 10 and 100 mm 2 s- 1 and whose miscibility is total for a concentration of said composition at 10% by weight in the hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant gases hereinafter called HFC is less than 10% by weight, characterized in that it consists of at least 10 to 100% by weight of at least one ester of linear heptanoic acid with a neopolyol, the number of hydroxyl groups of which is less than or equal to 5.
- the neopolyols are chosen from the group consisting of neopentylglycol (NPG), trimethylolpropane (TMP), monopentaerythritol (mPE), taken alone or as a mixture.
- NPG neopentylglycol
- TMP trimethylolpropane
- mPE monopentaerythritol
- the presence of at least one ester of linear heptanoic acid constitutes the best compromise between the required lubrication characteristics (antiwear and viscosity) and the limit of miscibility allowed. However, it makes sense to have ranges of lubricants whose ISO viscosimetric grade varies from 10 to 100. To obtain them all, this ester of heptanoic acid must necessarily be present in mixture with other compounds.
- the lubricating composition comprises 60 to 100% by weight of at least one ester of linear heptanoic acid with a neopolyol having at most 5 hydroxyl groups and 40 to 0% by weight of at least one linear pentanoic acid ester with a neopolyol comprising at most five hydroxyl groups, the neopolyols retained being able to be identical or different and the esters being able to be simple or mixed.
- simple ester an ester obtained from a single neopolyol and a single carboxylic acid.
- the mixed ester is obtained from a single neopolyol but from minus two carboxylic acids reacting with hydroxyl groups of the same neopolyol molecule.
- a composition of ISO viscosimetric grade less than or equal to 22 consists of 70 to 100% by weight of linear heptanoic acid ester with a neopolyol from the group consisting of neopentylglycol and monopentaerythritol taken alone or as a mixture and from 30 to 0% of linear pentanoic acid with monopentaerythritol.
- a composition of ISO viscosimetric grade between 22 and 32 is constituted by an ester of pentaerythri ol obtained for 40 to
- esters can be simple or mixed.
- the intermediate grades are obtained either from a single composition or by mixing the two preferred compositions.
- a composition comprising from 75% to 100% of its weight is preferred a mixture of neopolyol ester comprising at most five hydroxyl groups consisting of 10 to 60% by weight of 'A linear heptanoic acid ester and 90 to 40% by weight of an isononanoic ester, the esters can be simple or mixed.
- the composition is a pentaerythritol ester obtained for 10 to 60% of its weight with a linear heptanoic acid and for 90 to 40% of its weight with an isononanoic acid.
- pentaerythritol isononanoate makes it possible to adjust the high viscosities more easily.
- the composition of the invention comprises from 10 to 55% by weight of an ester obtained with a linear heptanoic acid, from 85 to 20% of an ester of isononanoic acid and from 5 to 25% of a linear pentanoic acid ester, the polyols used being from the group consisting of trimethylolpropane and monopentaerythritol, the esters can be simple or mixed.
- compositions according to the invention can be used in all types of industrial or household compressors in the presence of the main hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant gases developed or under development as pure gases such as R134a, R152a, R 143a, R125, R32 etc. or in the form of mixtures such as R404A, R407c, R 410A, R507, etc.
- the present example aims to show the influence of the chain length of the acid used in the formulation of
- nC5 nC6, nC7, nC8, nC9, nCIO
- - or the same monocarboxylic acid here linear heptanoic acid with 7 carbon atoms, nC7, with polyols comprising from two to 10 hydroxyl groups, neopentylglycol or NPG, trimethylolpropane or TMP, monopentaerythritol or mPE and dipentaerythritol or diPE.
- compositions are measured according to standard ASTM D4172 also called the 4-ball test consisting in measuring the diameter of the wear imprint in mm, under the following test conditions:.
- the present example aims to show that the lubricant compositions according to the invention have sufficient miscibility in the refrigerant gases for an oil content of
- lubricating compositions according to the invention were prepared according to techniques known to those skilled in the art, for ISO viscosimetric grades from 10 to 100. Their composition is given as well as their miscibilities and their anti-wear effect and their viscosity in Table 2 below.
- miscibilities were measured according to the DIN 51.351 method in sealed tubes, based on the visual determination of the demixing temperature of the lubricant / refrigerant gas mixtures.
- the anti-wear properties and the viscosity were measured respectively by the "4-ball" wear method (ASTM D4172) as described in Example 1 and by the method described by AFNOR T60100 standard.
- Table II below gives the characteristics of the lubricating compositions of ISO grades 10 to 100.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96917531A EP0842245A1 (fr) | 1995-05-24 | 1996-05-22 | Composition lubrifiante pour compresseurs frigorifiques |
AU60071/96A AU6007196A (en) | 1995-05-24 | 1996-05-22 | Lubricant composition for refrigerating compressors |
NO980253A NO980253L (no) | 1995-05-24 | 1998-01-20 | Smöreblanding for kjölekompressorer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9506210A FR2734576B1 (fr) | 1995-05-24 | 1995-05-24 | Composition lubrifiante pour compresseurs frigorifiques |
FR95/06210 | 1995-05-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996037579A1 true WO1996037579A1 (fr) | 1996-11-28 |
Family
ID=9479350
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1996/000766 WO1996037579A1 (fr) | 1995-05-24 | 1996-05-22 | Composition lubrifiante pour compresseurs frigorifiques |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0842245A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1191561A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU6007196A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2224406A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2734576B1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO980253L (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1996037579A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6307121B1 (en) | 1998-05-31 | 2001-10-23 | The University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Bacteriophage-based transgenic fish for mutation detection |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI111711B (fi) * | 1997-04-11 | 2003-09-15 | Fortum Oil & Gas Oy | Etenkin fluorattujen jäähdytysnesteiden kanssa käytettävät polyoli- ja kompleksiesterit |
US6759374B2 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2004-07-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Composition comprising lubricious additive for cutting or abrasive working and a method therefor |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0468729A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-23 | 1992-01-29 | Castrol Limited | Lubrification de dispositifs d'échange de chaleur à compression de vapeur |
EP0498152A1 (fr) * | 1991-01-17 | 1992-08-12 | Cpi Engineering Services, Inc. | Composition lubrifiante pour réfrigerants fluorés |
EP0518567A1 (fr) * | 1991-06-07 | 1992-12-16 | Hatco Corporation | Base lubrifiante synthétique formée à partir de mélanges d'acides dont une grande partie à chaînes ramifiées |
WO1993011210A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-06 | 1993-06-10 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Compositions de fluides actifs de refrigeration |
GB2263481A (en) * | 1992-01-23 | 1993-07-28 | Ici Plc | Refrigerant and lubricant composition |
GB2269004A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-01-26 | Ici Plc | A method of replacing the working fluid in a heat transfer device. |
WO1994013764A1 (fr) * | 1992-12-17 | 1994-06-23 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Compositions de fluide de refrigeration contenant du trifluoroethane |
-
1995
- 1995-05-24 FR FR9506210A patent/FR2734576B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-05-22 EP EP96917531A patent/EP0842245A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-05-22 AU AU60071/96A patent/AU6007196A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-05-22 CN CN96195725A patent/CN1191561A/zh active Pending
- 1996-05-22 WO PCT/FR1996/000766 patent/WO1996037579A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-05-22 CA CA002224406A patent/CA2224406A1/fr not_active Abandoned
-
1998
- 1998-01-20 NO NO980253A patent/NO980253L/no unknown
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0468729A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-23 | 1992-01-29 | Castrol Limited | Lubrification de dispositifs d'échange de chaleur à compression de vapeur |
EP0498152A1 (fr) * | 1991-01-17 | 1992-08-12 | Cpi Engineering Services, Inc. | Composition lubrifiante pour réfrigerants fluorés |
EP0518567A1 (fr) * | 1991-06-07 | 1992-12-16 | Hatco Corporation | Base lubrifiante synthétique formée à partir de mélanges d'acides dont une grande partie à chaînes ramifiées |
WO1993011210A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-06 | 1993-06-10 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Compositions de fluides actifs de refrigeration |
GB2263481A (en) * | 1992-01-23 | 1993-07-28 | Ici Plc | Refrigerant and lubricant composition |
GB2269004A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-01-26 | Ici Plc | A method of replacing the working fluid in a heat transfer device. |
WO1994013764A1 (fr) * | 1992-12-17 | 1994-06-23 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Compositions de fluide de refrigeration contenant du trifluoroethane |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6307121B1 (en) | 1998-05-31 | 2001-10-23 | The University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Bacteriophage-based transgenic fish for mutation detection |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2224406A1 (fr) | 1996-11-28 |
FR2734576A1 (fr) | 1996-11-29 |
FR2734576B1 (fr) | 1997-07-18 |
AU6007196A (en) | 1996-12-11 |
CN1191561A (zh) | 1998-08-26 |
EP0842245A1 (fr) | 1998-05-20 |
NO980253D0 (no) | 1998-01-20 |
NO980253L (no) | 1998-01-20 |
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