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WO1996035002A1 - Element electrochimique dont le repartiteur de courant comprend un materiau polymere composite - Google Patents

Element electrochimique dont le repartiteur de courant comprend un materiau polymere composite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996035002A1
WO1996035002A1 PCT/US1995/016122 US9516122W WO9635002A1 WO 1996035002 A1 WO1996035002 A1 WO 1996035002A1 US 9516122 W US9516122 W US 9516122W WO 9635002 A1 WO9635002 A1 WO 9635002A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrochemical cell
current
disposed
cathode
anode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1995/016122
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Joseph Kolouch
David Lee Reichert
Robert Lloyd Freed
Andrew Kelsey Birchenall
Clarence Garlan Law, Jr.
James Arthur Trainham, Iii
John Scott Newman
Douglas John Eames
Original Assignee
E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company filed Critical E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
Priority to AU44212/96A priority Critical patent/AU4421296A/en
Publication of WO1996035002A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996035002A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0215—Glass; Ceramic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0221—Organic resins; Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0223—Composites
    • H01M8/0226—Composites in the form of mixtures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention solves the problems of the prior art by providing an electrochemical cell for directly producing essentially dry halogen gas from essentially anhydrous hydrogen halide where the cell has a conductive current distributor which acts as a corrosion-resistant barrier to the essentially dry halogen gas and the essentially anhydrous hydrogen halide.
  • This process allows for direct processing of anhydrous hydrogen halide which is a by-product of manufacturing processes, without first dissolving the hydrogen halide in water.
  • This direct production of essentially dry halogen gas when done, for example, for chlorine gas, is less capital intensive than processes of the prior art, which require separation of water from the chlorine gas.
  • the present invention provides a material which can be used for a current distributor and which is able to withstand attack from corrosive hydrogen halides, such as hydrogen chloride, and which can consistently conduct current, whether used in an electrochemical cell for converting aqueous or anhydrous reactants.
  • the current distributor of the present invention provides an effective barrier between the current bus, and the electrodes, and in particular between the corrosive hydrogen halide and the halogen gas. This makes the process of the present invention even more practicable and economically attractive.
  • the electrochemically active material may comprise a catalyst material on a support material.
  • the support material may comprise particles of carbon and particles of polytetrafluoro- ethylene, which is sold under the trademark "TEFLON” (hereinafter referred to as TEFLON ® ) , commercially available from DuPont.
  • the electrochemically active material may be bonded by virtue of the TEFLON ® to a support structure of carbon paper or graphite cloth and hot-pressed to the cation-transporting membrane.
  • the purpose of the anode flow field and channels 29 formed therein is to get reactants, such as anhydrous HC1 in the first and second embodiments, to the anode and products, such as essentially dry chlorine gas from the anode.
  • the purpose of the cathode flow field and channels 31 formed therein is to get catholyte, such as liquid water in the first embodiment, or oxygen gas in the second embodiment, to the cathode and products, such as hydrogen gas in the first embodiment, or an oxygen-containing gas, which may contain water vapor (H 2 0(g)) as a result of humidification, from the cathode in the second embodiment.
  • Molecules of the hydrogen chloride (HCl(g)) are oxidized under the potential created by the voltage source to produce essentially dry chlorine gas at the anode, and protons (H + ) , as expressed in equation (4) above.
  • the chlorine gas (Cl 2 ) exits through anode-side outlet 16 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the protons (H + ) are transported through the membrane, which acts as an electrolyte. Oxygen and the transported protons are reduced at the cathode to water, which is expressed by the equation:
  • the electrochemical cell of the third embodiment comprises an electrode, or more specifically, an anode 12' and a cathode 20'.
  • the electrochemical cell of the third embodiment also comprises a membrane disposed in contact with one side of the electrode.
  • a membrane 18' is shown in Fig. 2 having one side disposed in contact with one side of anode 12' .
  • the membrane need not necessarily be a cation-transporting membrane.
  • Cathode 20' is disposed in contact with the other side (as opposed to the side which is in contact with the anode) of membrane as illustrated in Fig. 2.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un élément électrochimique comportant: une électrode, (12, 20); une membrane (18) en contact avec l'un des côtés de l'électrode et un bus de courant (46, 48) disposé de l'autre côté de l'électrode. Un répartiteur de courant (40, 42) placé entre l'électrode et le bus alimente l'électrode en courant par conduction électronique. Le répartiteur de courant, fait d'une couche non poreuse de matériau polymère composite, constitue ainsi une barrière entre le bus, le réactif et le produit de l'élément, ce qui est très important dans un milieu agressif tel que le chlorure d'hydrogène. L'élément objet de l'invention s'avère donc particulièrement utile pour la conversion directe d'un halogénure d'hydrogène anhydride directement en halogène gazeux sec, telle le chlorure anhydride d'hydrogène en chlore gazeux ou le chlorure d'hydrogène en solution aqueuse, en chlore gazeux humide.
PCT/US1995/016122 1995-05-01 1995-12-13 Element electrochimique dont le repartiteur de courant comprend un materiau polymere composite WO1996035002A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU44212/96A AU4421296A (en) 1995-05-01 1995-12-13 Electrochemical cell having a current distributor comprising a conductive polymer composite material

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US43160895A 1995-05-01 1995-05-01
US08/431,608 1995-05-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996035002A1 true WO1996035002A1 (fr) 1996-11-07

Family

ID=23712690

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1995/016122 WO1996035002A1 (fr) 1995-05-01 1995-12-13 Element electrochimique dont le repartiteur de courant comprend un materiau polymere composite

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU4421296A (fr)
WO (1) WO1996035002A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4294671A (en) * 1980-05-14 1981-10-13 General Electric Company High temperature and low feed acid concentration operation of HCl electrolyzer having unitary membrane electrode structure
EP0629015A1 (fr) * 1993-04-30 1994-12-14 De Nora Permelec S.P.A. Cellule électrochimique comportant des membranes d'échange d'ions et des plaques bipolaires métalliques
WO1995014797A1 (fr) * 1993-11-22 1995-06-01 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Anode utile pour la conversion electrochimique d'un halogenure d'hydrogene anhydre en halogene gazeux

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4294671A (en) * 1980-05-14 1981-10-13 General Electric Company High temperature and low feed acid concentration operation of HCl electrolyzer having unitary membrane electrode structure
EP0629015A1 (fr) * 1993-04-30 1994-12-14 De Nora Permelec S.P.A. Cellule électrochimique comportant des membranes d'échange d'ions et des plaques bipolaires métalliques
WO1995014797A1 (fr) * 1993-11-22 1995-06-01 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Anode utile pour la conversion electrochimique d'un halogenure d'hydrogene anhydre en halogene gazeux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4421296A (en) 1996-11-21

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