+

WO1996033089A1 - Agencement d'amarrage - Google Patents

Agencement d'amarrage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1996033089A1
WO1996033089A1 PCT/US1996/004997 US9604997W WO9633089A1 WO 1996033089 A1 WO1996033089 A1 WO 1996033089A1 US 9604997 W US9604997 W US 9604997W WO 9633089 A1 WO9633089 A1 WO 9633089A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mooring
lines
structures
systems
parts
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/004997
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Krzysztof Jan Wajnikonis
Original Assignee
Krzysztof Jan Wajnikonis
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9507826.7A external-priority patent/GB9507826D0/en
Application filed by Krzysztof Jan Wajnikonis filed Critical Krzysztof Jan Wajnikonis
Priority to US08/930,079 priority Critical patent/US5884576A/en
Priority to EP96912685A priority patent/EP0824446A4/fr
Publication of WO1996033089A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996033089A1/fr
Priority to MXPA/A/1997/008864A priority patent/MXPA97008864A/xx

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers

Definitions

  • This invention presents a new type of arrangement of mooring lines to be used primarily but not exclusively in Offshore Engineering.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for use in Catenary Spread Mooring (CSM) systems and or Taut Leg Spread Mooring (TLSM) systems including auxiliary systems used to moor Tension Leg Platforms (TLP) and any systems combining features of the above mentioned types of systems but it can also be used in any configurations distinct from the above specified.
  • CSM Catenary Spread Mooring
  • TLSM Taut Leg Spread Mooring
  • TLP Tension Leg Platforms
  • the said new Mooring Arrangement can be used for anchoring or mooring any structure which can be floating at or away from a water surface or can be wholly or partly supported on firm ground, which includes the Sea Bed. It also includes any naturally non-consolidated entity which has been converted to be sufficiently firm by any artificial means like piling, injection of concrete, etc.
  • any vessels or floaters used for drilling and/or mining and/or any testing and or any research activity and/or production and/or storage and/or depositing and or loading and unloading of any materials that include storage and production of any hydrocarbon materials and/or any other materials are included here under the description of any vessels or/and floaters.
  • the vessels or floaters can be in particular wholly or partly floating and wholly or partly directly or indirectly supported on any fixed ground.
  • Any turrets or turret like structures that are connected to any other structure or structures by any fixed, adjustable or moveable means are also included here. Turrets or similar structures that can be placed wholly or partly above water level or under water level are also included here under the description of structures.
  • the storage or depositing is meant here as storage or depositing onboard or outboard in any tanks or holds or any other arrangements that can be wholly or partly suspended in water or wholly or partly placed on the seabed or wholly or partly placed under the bottom of the sea, lake, river or any other natural or artificial area of a similar description.
  • CSMs and TLSMs are typically used for mooring Offshore Structures.
  • the classification of such Systems and their Characteristics are widely described in Technical Literature, for example by D'Souza, Dove and Kelly in OTC 7303, Houston, 1993.
  • Static and Dynamic and Hydrodynamic Characteristics of particular arrangements of Mooring Lines in particular and those of Complete Mooring Systems that incorporate the Mooring Lines are very important for operation of Mooring Systems and of Moored Structures in varying conditions throughout the Design Lives of the Systems.
  • These Design Lives can be in specific instances brie ⁇ for example limited by a functional requirement to carry out a specific task or some specific tasks.
  • the Design Life can be related to semi permanent or permanent mooring and can span for many years or several decades.
  • the Design Life specified for any Mooring Arrangement in general and for a Mooring Arrangement being subject of this invention in particular can be specified as one of the above described extremes or by any intermediate set of requirements felling between these extremes.
  • OTC 7203 describes Catenary Lines which can have the same construction along their length or/and they can include various segments or legs built of various materials and or they can have constant or/and varying weights per unit length. They can also have constant or/and varying mechanical properties, they can also incorporate clump masses, buoys or/and other heavy, buoyant or and/or neutrally buoyant rigid or flexible devices as well as any other devices not specifically mentioned here.
  • Mooring lines like those used in CSMs are characterised in general by highly non-linear Static and Dynamic Characteristics. These depend on non-linear properties of catenary lines and on non-linear interactions between such lines and the sea bed. Particular Mooring Line Arrangements together with the above affect line Characteristics.
  • a need to restrict horizontal deflection of Moored Structures by means of providing them with Mooring Arrangements having particular Characteristics can be also related to such Functional Limitations like proximity of other Structures and/or elements of their Systems, designated working areas, by presence of shoals, shores, Navigational Routes, Fairways, Navigational Ways or Navigational Obstructions and many others. Selection of a particular line characteristics depends on many environmental, installation, functional, commercial and material property related variables.
  • the compliance or stiffness terms due to the weight of such different line arrangements can be identical, while static components due to axial stiffness would in general differ, unless materials having modified axial stiffness are used.
  • the lines could also have different Dynamic and Hvdrcx-ynamic Characteristics.
  • OTC 7203 describes technological advances in the field of TLSM which were possible with the development and improved designs in two main fields.
  • the developments in the first field are those of improved anchors which can reliably resist a vertical component force.
  • the continuous developments in the second field are those of improved mechanical properties, durability and fatigue life of both exotic and more traditional artificial fibres, like for example varieties of aramid, polyester, carbon, glass, nylon and many others.
  • TLSM are now feasible for use in ever increasing depths.
  • Conventional, already known Mooring Arrangements according to the principle of TLSM can rely for compliance in a greater extent on axial flexibility of mainly synthetic materials than CSMs that traditionally rely to a considerable extent on submerged weight.
  • the nature of this invention is to provide new Mooring Arrangements incorporating any numbers of Mooring Lines and Mooring Line Connections said Connections linking said Mooring Lines to any parts of Structures; said Structures including any parts of Floating Structures and any parts of Submerged Structures and any parts of Structures resting on the Sea Bed and Structures buried in the Sea Bed including any Anchors, which includes also any arrangement equivalent to piles and anchors and any shared Anchors and any parts of any combined anchoring arrangements and any parts of Structures suspended between other Structures; said parts of Structures including any of their integral parts and including any separate parts of any Structures; said Mooring Lines and said Connections being also classified as Structures and as said parts of Structures, whichever is more appropriate; said new Mooring Arrangements include but not necessarily require linking Mooring Lines with the same Mooring Lines and include but not necessarily require linking Mooring Lines with any number of other Mooring Lines and which include linking Mooring Lines with any number of lines having each any number of free ends
  • Mooring Lines and Branch Connecting Lines can be additionally fitted with clump weights or buoys and can have very complex structures.
  • the corresponding design variations of this invention are not shown on the Figures for the sake of clarity only but they are still regarded as covered as novel according to this invention.
  • Figure 1 depicts an example of a section of a mooring line. For simplicity only one main mooring line is depicted but it is understood that any number of similar or different implementations of this invention can be incorporated within any mooring system. Several possible arrangements of branch leg connections all connected to only one mooring line are illustrated.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of a Semi Submersible Rig with a mooring line Fair Lead IV. The line is anchored to the Sea Bed at its far end 'A'. The direction towards anchoring arrangement 'A' is indicated in the drawing. For the purpose of illustration of some possible implementations of mis invention, three branch lines and their connections to the main line TL' are depicted. At connection T a branch line with a free far end is connected to the main line.
  • Such a branch line is used to Inllasf the main line with an equivalent of a clump mass.
  • clump masses have constant submerged weight
  • the presented variation of the invented branch line connection results in submerged 'clump' weight with designed variation of submerged weight as a function of the tension in the main line.
  • Example Branch Lines according to this invention which are connected to the same Main Line by Connections 2 and Connections 3 are also depicted in Figure 1.
  • the action of these variations of the invented arrangement is that the variation in the 'ballasting' action and its effect on the Line Characteristics can be designed differently from the above.
  • the Branch Line Loop can have overall constant, equivalent 'clump' weight, whenever the tension in the Main Line is such that the Loop is not in contact with the Sea Bed. Such a situation refers to Loop '3-3' while Loop 7-2' would provide a varying 'ballasting' effect. It is worthwhile to mention that in addition to the above the provision of Branch Lines Type '2-2' and Type '3-3' decrease to some extent the horizontal component of the tension in legs '2-3', '3-3' and '3-2' of Main Line 1 ⁇
  • Figure 2 depicts a variation of this invention with a single Mooring Line TJ Arrangement. For simplicity only one main mooring line and only one branch line are depicted but it is understood that any number of similar or different implementations of mis invention can be incorporated within any mooring system. Connection '1' and an additional line '1-A1' are provided whereas the said line connects '1' with a location on or near to the Tension Leg Anchor or any other type of an anchoring device that can be used with any type of moored structure, in particular, but not exclusively of a tension leg type. Line '1-A1' presented in Figure 2 can also join Connection Point 1 with any connecting arrangement located between Tension Leg Tethers.
  • Line 'AM' depicted in Figure 2 is of a Taut Leg type but it is understood that any other type of any of the branch lines including said branch lines being in contact with the Sea Bed anywhere between locations '1' and 'Al' are also examples of implementations of mis invention.
  • Figure 3 depicts a variation of this invention showing several mooring lines on one side of a moored structure.
  • Main mooring lines are interconnected with branch lines.
  • the branch lines can be arranged to never be in contact with the Sea Bed, to be partly supported on the Sea Bed at some external loading configurations or to have a part permanently supported on the Sea Bed. These have already been described above in relation to Figure 1. Provision of several sets of Branch Line Connections is possible whhin the framework of this invention. In particular these can be arranged as complete (closed) rings of branch lines linking some or all main mooring lines. The branch lines do not need to form closed rings.
  • the branch lines do not have to be linked to the nearest mooring lines, as it is depicted for simplicity in Figure 3.
  • the mooring lines can be interconnected with any of the lines or branch lines and again any arbitrary number of connections is feasible.
  • the ends of the branch lines can be connected or adjusted to different heights or locations on mooring lines. The latter can help in achieving highly asymmetrical Mooring Arrangement Characteristics. In particular such directional characteristics can be achieved by systematically linking ends of branch connections to higher locations on the main lines in some parts of the mooring system, while connecting the other ends of the said branch connections to lower locations of other mam lines.
  • a natural way of subdividing any mooring system is by providing it with branch lines being suitably tensioned under load.
  • branch connections can be beneficially integrated into the design of said systems according to said invention in order to increase the natural frequencies of the system or any of its subdivision.
  • This way of implementing said invented mooring arrangement in the design is particularly beneficial in reducing dynamic responses of said systems to second and higher order environmental excitations, in particular by waves.
  • interconnections of mooring lines with branch lines can be used to increase the overall reliability of the whole mooring system.
  • the load redistribution between the lines can be arranged to be more advantageous - the branch lines on the side loaded with tension pull the side lines closer to the direction of combined loading.
  • Axial Stiffness, Clump Weights, Buoys, Heavy legs and buoyant legs can all be used both to modify the Characteristics of the Mooring Arrangement and/or of the Mooring System as well as to decrease or modify loads on any elements of said Arrangement or said System or on any Structural Parts of other Structures to which any said loads can be transferred or on which any part of said loads can be imposed.
  • some additional reliability can be built into a system used for example to moor Articulated Columns.
  • a ring of branch lines can be designed to uphold the column in a close to upright position even after a failure of the universal joint connection, ball joint or any other compliant connection on the Sea Bed. This might be additionally important if the column is used for example to moor a tanker.
  • the capability of reducing and or modifying the foot print of a Spread Mooring for a given depth or increasing the depth at which the system can be used is very important for deep water applications, including those for auxiliary mooring Tension Leg Platforms in deep water. Said capabilities can also be used in main mooring systems of any other type of structures. Tensioned brandling connections provided with this invention can replace or complement heavy clump masses or large or bulky buoyant segments end additionally modify Characteristics of the Mooring arrangement. Use of this invention even only to replace clump masses or buoys would imply installation and economic advantages over conventional systems. These advantages involve the savings in the total weight of a system, replacement of elements which are difficult to handle with line legs, including elastic legs, decreasing the foot print of combined mooring arrangements and making the system more reliable and more compact.
  • branch connections can be designed as having similar effect as considerable lengths of conventional steel cable or/and chain as clump weights of considerable submerged weight and/or as buoyant elements having considerable buoyancy. While concentrating, only for the sake of simplicity of the explanation, on such a replacement of conventional submerged weight (of line length, of clump weights, etc.) with submerged weight of branching connections, one can show in simple catenary type calculations that relative gain in submerged weight due to the use of this invention can be multi-fold. It is easy to achieve a submerged weight benefit of between factor of one and fifteen even in designs that have not been optimised in any way.
  • Such sections of lines would act essentially more like main lines than like branch lines and their ends can be connected to other main lines, to main lines and branch lines, to branch lines and/or for example one end can be connected to the moored vessel, while the other and can be connected to another line, that may act more like a branch line or more like a main line.
  • section lines that have one end connected to an anchor, while die other end can be connected to another line.
  • This lower part of the system provides a very stable mooring platform for the upper mooring system, where there is practically no limit, or very little limit on the upward components of the forces on the lower ends of the main leg lines. It can be also seen here that these upper mooring lines can be also arranged to be relatively short, thus die whole system can be designed in a very efficient way. More than two component systems in the above sense can be also used at various levels for mooring, if required. Other design considerations on die side of the mooring characteristics can be also included in the design process in addition to the above mentioned. These could include, but would not be limited to considerations related to the compliance of the systems, to their rigidity as well as considerations related to different aspects of the design of mooring systems - those related to specific functional needs, to installation needs, etc.
  • Particular design configurations of the invented mooring arrangement are affected by complex design considerations related to die moored structure, or structures, if more than one structure is moored by a shared novel mooring system.
  • riser and umbilical lines can be lead below or and above any branch connections.
  • Particular design arrangement and locations of branch lines as well as selections of average slopes of mooring lines are affected by riser and pipe line systems. Because said novel mooring systems can be designed to be staticaly more stable than conventional mooring lines and also can be designed to be more reliable than conventional mooring lines, it might be worthwhile for the designer to consider leading risers and pipe lines closer to mooring lines than it would be acceptable in a conventional case.
  • Said mooring arrangement provides die designer with feasible options to considerably reduce maximum sway and surge amplitudes of a moored structure or vessel. Savings on the costs of supplementary dynamic positioning systems (DPS) can be made, because said invented mooring arrangements can be designed to replace DPS where it would have been desirable in a conventional system. Due to minimised maximum surge and sway amplitudes considerable saving can be additionally made on lengths of flexible risers and umbilicals. These savings can be made in any riser configuration, but even greater gains in lengths can be achieved, wherever such reductions in surge and sway amplitudes are achieved, that original configurations of risers can be replaced with different configurations. For example lazy wave risers can be replaced with simple catenary configurations, that use less flexible line. Savings achieved in this way can be considerable, in particular in installations mat use many risers and in deep water installations.
  • design solutions of medium and deep water mooring arrangements according to this invention offer yet additional advantages. Since said systems can be designed in a more cost effident way than conventional systems, it becomes economically feasible to design said novel systems for deeper water than would have been the case for conventional systems. Accordingly, medium and deep water oil and gas fields as well as many marginal fields in less deep water become economical due to d e use of the invented mooring arrangements. Additional advantages are implied by these aspects of this invention. Because of the here described reductions in overall costs of said mooring arrangements in extreme situations, said mooring systems can be feasibly installed in deeper water, closer to die field, wells, pipeline end manifolds, etc. In such a way the overall costs of the development of said fields can be further reduced due to accompanying savings in die lengths of required rigid and flexible pipelines, lengths of necessary hydraulic and electrical lines, etc.
  • any mooring system incorporating any implementation of die invented Mooring Arrangement can also be flexibly designed to have Technical Characteristics which are considerably modified in comparison with those of conventional mooring systems.
  • said mooring systems according to this invention can be designed to have more compliant or more rigid characteristics than those of conventional systems.
  • Mooring systems according to this invention can be also designed to have more compliant characteristics in some directions and more rigid characteristics in other directions. These can be achieved to a considerable extent even by incorporating in a system permanently installed branch connections. In some cases or in some sets of weather conditions it might be, however, desirable to further 3 89 PC1YUS96/04997

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un nouvel agencement d'amarrage qui consiste à utiliser des systèmes traditionnels d'amarrage déployé par caténaires, des systèmes d'amarrage déployé par câbles tendus et des systèmes d'amarrage de plates-formes avec pieds sous tension, et ce en association avec des ramifications supplémentaires (2-2; 3-3) et des piquages (2, 3) de ramifications. Ces ramifications et les piquages associés permettent de modifier les caractéristiques techniques de l'agencement d'amarrage qui fait l'objet de l'invention et de modifier les charges globales et les charges locales par rapport à ce que l'on observe dans les systèmes traditionnels. Grâce aux agencements nouveaux et optimaux des piquages de ramifications, la présente invention permet d'améliorer la fonctionnalité des systèmes d'amarrage et rend possible une réduction significative de l'encombrement au sol de ces systèmes d'amarrage et une réduction du poids total des composants d'amarrage utilisés dans ces systèmes.
PCT/US1996/004997 1995-04-18 1996-04-11 Agencement d'amarrage WO1996033089A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/930,079 US5884576A (en) 1995-04-18 1996-04-11 Mooring arrangement
EP96912685A EP0824446A4 (fr) 1995-04-18 1996-04-11 Agencement d'amarrage
MXPA/A/1997/008864A MXPA97008864A (es) 1995-04-18 1997-11-17 Arreglos de amarre

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9507826.7 1995-04-18
GBGB9507826.7A GB9507826D0 (en) 1995-04-18 1995-04-18 Mooring arrangement
GB9519491.6 1995-09-25
GBGB9519491.6A GB9519491D0 (en) 1995-04-18 1995-09-25 Mooring arrangement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996033089A1 true WO1996033089A1 (fr) 1996-10-24

Family

ID=26306882

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1996/004997 WO1996033089A1 (fr) 1995-04-18 1996-04-11 Agencement d'amarrage

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0824446A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996033089A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115892345A (zh) * 2022-11-21 2023-04-04 中海石油(中国)有限公司 漂浮式风机的深水聚酯纤维系泊系统的校核方法及装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3111926A (en) 1961-12-07 1963-11-26 Shell Oil Co Apparatus for anchoring underwater vessels
US3434442A (en) * 1967-04-19 1969-03-25 Mobil Oil Corp Offloading moored production storage unit
US4067282A (en) 1976-10-04 1978-01-10 Guinn David C Releasable and retrievable mooring system
US4889065A (en) 1981-11-23 1989-12-26 Haak Rob Van Den Method of tensioning an anchor line, in particular for testing an anchor, and a device for carrying out the method, particularly comprising a cable or chain stopper
US5054415A (en) 1987-03-11 1991-10-08 Marshall Industries Limited Mooring/support system for marine structures

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3903705A (en) * 1974-01-24 1975-09-09 Exxon Production Research Co Apparatus for anchoring marine structures
US4155673A (en) * 1977-05-26 1979-05-22 Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co. Ltd. Floating structure
GB1595045A (en) * 1978-05-31 1981-08-05 Yarrow & Co Ltd Mooring systems
GB2075096B (en) * 1980-04-30 1984-08-08 Brown & Root Mooring and supporting apparatus and methods for a guyed marine structure
NO832362L (no) * 1982-07-14 1984-01-09 Conoco Inc Oppdrifts-fortoeyningskonstruksjon.
US5061131A (en) * 1990-03-05 1991-10-29 Odeco, Inc. Structure and method for restraining motion of a marine structure
US5222453A (en) * 1990-03-05 1993-06-29 Odeco, Inc. Apparatus and method for reducing motion response of marine structures

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3111926A (en) 1961-12-07 1963-11-26 Shell Oil Co Apparatus for anchoring underwater vessels
US3434442A (en) * 1967-04-19 1969-03-25 Mobil Oil Corp Offloading moored production storage unit
US4067282A (en) 1976-10-04 1978-01-10 Guinn David C Releasable and retrievable mooring system
US4889065A (en) 1981-11-23 1989-12-26 Haak Rob Van Den Method of tensioning an anchor line, in particular for testing an anchor, and a device for carrying out the method, particularly comprising a cable or chain stopper
US5054415A (en) 1987-03-11 1991-10-08 Marshall Industries Limited Mooring/support system for marine structures

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
D SOUZA; DOVE AND KELLY: "Offshore Technology Conference 7203, Houston", 1993
See also references of EP0824446A4 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115892345A (zh) * 2022-11-21 2023-04-04 中海石油(中国)有限公司 漂浮式风机的深水聚酯纤维系泊系统的校核方法及装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0824446A1 (fr) 1998-02-25
MX9708864A (es) 1998-03-31
EP0824446A4 (fr) 2000-04-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8083439B2 (en) Riser support system for use with an offshore platform
US5964550A (en) Minimal production platform for small deep water reserves
CN103917439B (zh) 具有外置柱的离岸平台
US6431107B1 (en) Tendon-based floating structure
US8037838B2 (en) Mooring system
WO2000008262A1 (fr) Dispositif renforce de colonne montante a catenaire en acier
US8267032B2 (en) Dual column semisubmersible for offshore application
CN109484575A (zh) 半潜式平台悬链式系泊系统及其安装方法
US5054415A (en) Mooring/support system for marine structures
US20040182297A1 (en) Riser pipe support system and method
JP2025508101A (ja) 海洋構造体及び方法
US7270071B1 (en) Deep draft semisubmersible movable offshore structure
CN103419904A (zh) 浮子式张力筋腱及安装方式
US5884576A (en) Mooring arrangement
GB2253813A (en) Production buoy
WO1996033089A1 (fr) Agencement d'amarrage
Often et al. Dry-Tree Semi for Brazil and Gulf of Mexico
WO2002047970A1 (fr) Production de systeme de production flottant semisubmersible a mouvement lent
MXPA97008864A (es) Arreglos de amarre
Xu et al. An introduction to extendable draft platform (EDP)
Noce et al. The first dry tree semisubmersible drilling and production platform sold
Tuturea et al. Hang Tuah: Self-Installing, Relocatable Compression Platform
Huang et al. Evaluation of Dry Tree Platform Concepts for Deepwater West Africa
KR20200101148A (ko) 복합 해양구조물
EP0750717A1 (fr) Procede et appareil d'exploitation de formations d'hydrocarbures sous-marins

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BR MX SG US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1996912685

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 08930079

Country of ref document: US

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: PA/a/1997/008864

Country of ref document: MX

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1996912685

Country of ref document: EP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1996912685

Country of ref document: EP

点击 这是indexloc提供的php浏览器服务，不要输入任何密码和下载