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WO1996023185A1 - Systeme hybride pour air conditionne et procede de mise en oeuvre - Google Patents

Systeme hybride pour air conditionne et procede de mise en oeuvre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996023185A1
WO1996023185A1 PCT/US1996/000056 US9600056W WO9623185A1 WO 1996023185 A1 WO1996023185 A1 WO 1996023185A1 US 9600056 W US9600056 W US 9600056W WO 9623185 A1 WO9623185 A1 WO 9623185A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coil
air
condenser
fluid communication
zone
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/000056
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dean Scott Calton
James A. Coellner
Paul Richard Heimann
Douglas C. Scott
Original Assignee
Engelhard/Icc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/409,296 external-priority patent/US5551245A/en
Priority claimed from US08/469,239 external-priority patent/US5517828A/en
Application filed by Engelhard/Icc filed Critical Engelhard/Icc
Priority to AU46520/96A priority Critical patent/AU4652096A/en
Priority to GB9714362A priority patent/GB2311841A/en
Priority to DE19681174T priority patent/DE19681174T1/de
Publication of WO1996023185A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996023185A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F24F3/1423—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with a moving bed of solid desiccants, e.g. a rotary wheel supporting solid desiccants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • F24F12/002—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an intermediate heat-transfer fluid
    • F24F12/003—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an intermediate heat-transfer fluid using a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/144—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1458—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators
    • F24F2003/1464—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators using rotating regenerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/02—System or Device comprising a heat pump as a subsystem, e.g. combined with humidification/dehumidification, heating, natural energy or with hybrid system
    • F24F2203/021—Compression cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1016—Rotary wheel combined with another type of cooling principle, e.g. compression cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1032—Desiccant wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/104—Heat exchanger wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1056—Rotary wheel comprising a reheater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1072—Rotary wheel comprising two rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1084—Rotary wheel comprising two flow rotor segments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/56—Heat recovery units

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hybrid air- conditioning system and, more particularly, to an air- conditioning system which utilizes the combination of an electric heat pump and regenerative type periodic flow device for conditioning air within an enclosed space wherein the air within the enclosed space is exhausted from the enclosed space at a relatively high rate.
  • Regenerative type periodic flow devices are conventionally employed for the transfer of heat or of other constituents from one fluid stream to another, and thereby from one area or zone in space to another.
  • a sorptive mass is used to collect heat or a particular mass component from one fluid stream which flows over or through the sorptive mass.
  • the flowing fluid is rendered either cooler (in the case of heat sorption) or less concentrated (in the case of, for instance, adsorption of particular gases) .
  • the sorptive mass is then taken "off-stream" and regenerated by exposure to a second fluid stream which is capable of accepting the heat or material desorbed with favorable energetics.
  • the sorptive material is contained within a vessel or distributed within a bed structure. It is desirable that such material be provided with maximum surface area, and that the fluid flow through the sorptive material matrix in a smooth (non-turbulent) and regular state.
  • the vessel or bed is then removed from the fluid flow path and exposed to a second fluid flow to regenerate the sorptive capacity of the material by, for instance, cooling the sorptive material or desorbing material taken up during "on-stream” operation. After such regeneration, the sorptive material is once more placed back "on-stream” and the operation continues.
  • semi-continuous systems have evolved into continuous flow systems where the sorptive media itself is moved between two or more flowing fluid streams.
  • the most common construction employed for such systems is a porous disk, often referred to as a wheel or rotor.
  • a porous disk often referred to as a wheel or rotor.
  • such a wheel is divided into two flow zones, and fluid is passed over the sorptive surface of the wheel (typically flowing through the thickness of the disc parallel to the rotational axis of the cylinder) as the wheel is rotated to carry the sorptive material from one zone, into the other, and back again to complete a revolution.
  • a heat exchanger wheel for instance, one zone of warm fluid and one zone of cooler fluid are present.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic of a conventional open-cycle air-conditioning system, generally designated S .
  • a moisture transfer wheel assembly 11 constitutes the exterior or outside element of the system 9. As discussed hereinafter, the moisture transfer wheel 11 is separated into two sections to provide an intake path and an exhaust path through the moisture transfer wheel 11, as indicated by the arrows.
  • a heat exchanger wheel assembly 13, also partitioned to provide intake and exhaust paths, is located substantially adjacent to the moisture transfer wheel 11, separated only by a heat regeneration coil 19.
  • An auxiliary heating coil 21 may be placed in the system 9 for use in cold months when it is desirable to heat the interior of the area to be conditioned, rather than to cool it.
  • the heat regeneration coil 19 and heating coil 21 include fluid pipes (not shown) which are interconnected with standard heating units (not shown) , such as a solar heating unit.
  • the system 9 terminates in a pair of evaporator elements 15 and 17 separated by a partition 6 with the arrows indicating the intake air into the building and the air exhausting therefrom.
  • a supply blower 23 and an exhaust blower 25 are provided to implement the necessary air movement within the system.
  • the system 9 provides removal of the moisture from the intake air by the moisture transfer wheel 11. When moisture is removed from the air, the temperature of the air increases. The air is subsequently cooled upon passing through heat exchanger wheel 13, which lowers the temperature of the warm, dry air.
  • Evaporator element 15 adds moisture to the air, thus reducing the temperature further and supplying cool air to the conditioned area.
  • the exhaust air passes through evaporator element 17 and through heat exchanger wheel 13 to remove heat from the heat exchanger and raise the temperature of the exhaust air.
  • the temperature of the exhaust air is further raised by means of the heat regeneration coil 19 to provide high temperature air in the exhaust path, resulting in regeneration of the moisture transfer wheel 11.
  • the air from the moisture transfer wheel 11 is exhausted into the atmosphere.
  • the system 9 is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,594,860, accordingly, further description of the structure of the system 9 is omitted for purposes of brevity only, and is not limiting.
  • the temperature of the regeneration air entering the moisture transfer wheel 11 needs to be high enough to create a vapor pressure which is lower than the vapor pressure of the process air leaving the moisture transfer wheel 11, which is then moved to the heat transfer wheel 13.
  • the regeneration air entering the moisture transfer wheel 11 also needs to have enough sensible energy for the condensed water trapped in the moisture transfer wheel 11 to vaporize and free itself from the moisture transfer wheel 11.
  • the temperature of the regeneration air entering the moisture transfer wheel 11 was required to be a minimum of forty degrees Fahrenheit higher, and as much as one-hundred- and-fifty degrees Fahrenheit higher than the temperature of the process air leaving the moisture transfer wheel 11 toward the heat transfer wheel 13.
  • the moisture transfer wheel 11 can regenerate at a relatively low temperature, for instance, one-hundred-and-forty degrees Fahrenheit
  • the moisture transfer wheel 11 has the advantage of using waste heat from conventional air-conditioning and refrigeration condensers, among other sources.
  • the moisture transfer wheel 11 can regenerate at relatively low temperatures, there is a problem with treating process air which is drawn from ambient conditions which has the potential of being both high in temperature and humidity. Hot ambient temperatures limit the amount of moisture that can be removed from the incoming process air because the process air leaving the moisture transfer wheel 11 has to have a lower temperature than the regeneration temperature.
  • the latent heat of vaporization is released by the water vapor being withdrawn from the air and, as a result, the air picks up the latent heat.
  • the released latent heat increases the air temperature at a relationship of about 0.62 degrees- per-grain of moisture removed.
  • the heat regeneration coil 19 and heating coil 21 of the system 9 are of conventional structure. That is, in conventional coil arrangements, the tubing is mechanically connected to fin sheets.
  • the fin sheets are used to extend the surface area of the tubes to increase the coil's heat-transfer effectiveness.
  • a typical condenser or cooling coil is made up of finned tube sheets with good transfer conduction material, typically aluminum or copper, with holes punched in a pattern array through which the tubes are inserted.
  • the tubes are expanded to make good contact with the finned tube sheets. In a typical application, air passes over the tubes and fins and is either cooled or heated by the fluid flowing inside the tubes.
  • the present invention solves the foregoing problems by pre-cooling the process air entering the moisture transfer wheel and separating the coils into two sections.
  • the process air entering the moisture transfer wheel could be cooled to a specific dew point depending on the desired leaving-air humidity.
  • Pre-cooling the process air entering the moisture transfer wheel increases the total moisture removed by the moisture transfer wheel 11 because the process air entering the moisture transfer wheel 11 could handle a greater increase in temperature (due to the latent heat of vaporization) before approaching the regeneration temperature limit.
  • Separating the condensing coils into two sections spaced by an air gap minimizes the averaging effect by preventing heat transfer across the fin sheets between the two sections.
  • Use of the present invention results in a hybrid air- conditioning system which can process one-hundred-percent ambient air, regardless of its temperature, in an energy- efficient manner.
  • it has also been found to be more efficient to operate two independent, closed systems with a refrigerant fluid with independent compressors.
  • Optimal placement of the separated condensing coils from each system and the relative positioning of the pre-cool evaporators results in increased system efficiency and performance.
  • the present invention comprises a hybrid air-conditioning system for controlling the condition of air in a building enclosed space.
  • the system includes a first fan for passing process air from an ambient space through a first pre-cool evaporator coil, through a first zone of a rotatable moisture transfer wheel and then through a first zone of a rotatable heat exchange wheel to an enclosed and conditioned space and a second fan for passing regenerative air from the enclosed and conditioned space through a second zone of the heat exchange wheel, through a first condenser coil, through a second zone of the moisture transfer wheel and then to the ambient space.
  • the system further includes a first compressor having a suction side in fluid communication with a first side of the first pre-cool evaporator coil and a discharge side in fluid communication with a first side of the first condenser coil.
  • a second side of the first pre-cool evaporator coil is in fluid communication with a second side of the first condenser coil.
  • the first condenser coil is divided into first and second coil sections.
  • the first coil section has a first side in fluid communication with the discharge side of the first compressor and a second side in fluid communication with a first side of the second condenser coil .
  • the second condenser coil section has a second side in fluid communication with a second side of the first pre-cool evaporator coil.
  • the first coil section is spaced from the second coil section by an air gap to minimize heat transfer between the first and second coil sections.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a conventional hybrid air-conditioning system
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a hybrid air- conditioning system in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a greatly enlarged cross-sectional view of a core of a moisture transfer wheel used in the air-conditioning system shown m Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged front-elevational view of the moisture transfer wheel rotatably supported within a housing;
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the moisture transfer wheel shown in Fig. 4 taken along lines 5-5 of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a greatly enlarged cross-sectional view of the moisture transfer wheel and housing shown m Fig. 4 taken along lines 6-6 of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a hybrid air- conditioning system in accordance with a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a hybrid air- conditionmg system m accordance with a third preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • a hybrid air-conditioning system for controlling the condition of air in a building-enclosed space (not shown) .
  • the system 10 includes first means for passing process air, represented by the arrow 51, from an ambient space (not shown) through a first pre-cool evaporator coil 50, through a first zone 52a of a rotatable moisture transfer wheel 52 and then through a first zone 54a of a rotatable heat-exchange wheel 54 to an enclosed and conditioned space (not shown) .
  • the first means for passing process air from the ambient space through the system 10 is a fan or blower 56.
  • the fan 56 draws one-hundred- percent air from ambient conditions and passes it through the system 10, as described hereinafter.
  • the system 10 of the present invention does not recirculate any of the air from within the enclosed and conditioned space.
  • the system 10 could be used as a recirculation unit or as unit which processes both recirculated and ambient air.
  • the fan 56 is preferably positioned upstream from the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 directly adjacent thereto.
  • the fan 56 could be positioned upstream from the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 at a significant distance therefrom, using conventional ducts (not shown) .
  • the first means for passing process air from the ambient space through the system 10 be comprised of a fan 56, it is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure that other devices could be used to pass air through the system 10, such as through the use of negative or positive pressure zones.
  • the system 10 further includes second means for passing regenerative air, generally designated by the arrow 58, from the enclosed and conditioned space through a second zone 54b of the heat-exchange wheel 54, through a first condenser coil 60, through a second zone 52b of the moisture transfer wheel 52 and then to the ambient space.
  • the second means for passing the regenerative air 58 from the enclosed and conditioned space through the system 10 to the ambient space preferably is comprised of a fan or blower 62, generally identical to the fan 56 described above.
  • the fan 62 for moving regenerative air 58 through the system 10 is located downstream from the second zone 52b of the moisture transfer wheel 52 either adjacent thereto or a distance therefrom, but in fluid communication therewith, using ducts (not shown) .
  • the rotatable moisture transfer wheel 52 constitutes the exterior or outside element of the system 10. As discussed in more detail hereinafter, the moisture transfer wheel 52 is separated into two sections to provide an intake path (i.e., for the process air 51) and an exhaust path (i.e., for the regenerative air 58) through the moisture transfer wheel 52.
  • the heat exchange wheel 54 is also partitioned to provide intake and exhaust paths, and is located substantially adjacent to the moisture transfer wheel 52, separated only by the first condenser coil 60.
  • the moisture transfer wheel 52 and heat exchange wheel 54 are rotatably supported within a housing (not shown) , described in more detail hereinafter, which includes a partition, represented by the line 63 , which coincides with the partitioning of the moisture transfer and heat exchange wheels 52, 54 to thereby divide the system 10 into an intake path (hereinafter referred to as the "process side") having the first zones 52a, 54a of the moisture and heat exchange wheels 52, 54 and first pre-cool evaporator 50 therein and an exhaust path (hereinafter referred to as the "regenerative side") having the second zones 52b, 54b of the moisture transfer and heat exchange wheels 52, 54 and first condenser coil 60 therein.
  • a partition represented by the line 63
  • the regenerative side exhaust path having the second zones 52b, 54b of the moisture transfer and heat exchange wheels 52, 54 and first condenser coil 60 therein.
  • the operation of the moisture transfer and heat exchange wheels 52, 54 is well known. That is, the system 10 provides removal of the moisture from the process air 51 by the moisture transfer wheel 52. When moisture is removed from the process air 51, the temperature of the process air 51 increases. The process air 51 is subsequently cooled upon passing through the heat exchange wheel 54, which lowers the temperature of the warm, dry air.
  • An evaporator element (not shown) may be positioned on the process side downstream of the first zone 54a of the heat exchange wheel 54 to reduce the temperature further and supply even cooler air to the enclosed and conditioned space.
  • the regenerative air 58 flows over an evaporator pad 61 and then through the second zone 54b of the heat exchange wheel 54 to remove heat from the heat exchange wheel 54 and raise the temperature of the regenerative air 58.
  • the evaporator pad 61 lowers the dry bulb temperature of the regenerative air 58 to the regenerative air's 58 wet bulb temperature in the range of about 65 to 80 degrees F., depending upon whether the regenerative air 58 is drawn from the building enclosed space or from atmosphere. Lowering the wet bulb temperature of the regenerative air entering the heat exchange wheel 54 assists in removing heat from the heat exchange wheel 54.
  • the temperature of the regenerative air 58 exiting the heat exchange wheel 54 is further raised by the first condensing coil 60, as described in more detail hereinafter, to provide high temperature regenerative air 58 on the regenerative side of the system 10 just upstream from the second zone 52b of the moisture transfer wheel 52, resulting in regeneration of the moisture transfer wheel 52 as the regenerative air 58 passes therethrough.
  • the regenerative air 58 then passes from the moisture transfer wheel 52 into the atmosphere.
  • Two elements of the system 10 which contribute to the coefficient performance (COP) of the system 10 are the moisture transfer wheel 52 and the heat exchange wheel 54. With the exception of the specific material used m these wheels, they may be constructed in substantially the same manner.
  • the moisture transfer wheel 52 is rotatably mounted within a housing 38, as illustrated in Fig. 4.
  • the moisture transfer wheel 52 comprises a core 64 and a rim 34.
  • the core 64 is comprised of a plurality of adjoining parallel channels 14, as illustrated m Fig. 3.
  • each of the channels 14 is generally in the form of a hexagon m cross section and includes an internal surface area 16.
  • the channels 14 be formed from a plurality of stacked layers of material 12.
  • the layers of material 12 of the channels 14 have a minimum thickness to inhibit the effect of the wall thickness increasing the pressure drop through the core 64 and yet provide the core 64 with sufficient structural integrity to be self supporting.
  • the layers of material have a thickness of about 0.0015 inches. It is understood by those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the exact thickness of the walls formed by the layers of material 12 could vary, depending upon the particular application of the core 64 and existing manufacturing techniques, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For instance, the thickness of the walls formed by the layers of material 12 could be in the range of about 0.001 to 0.006 inches.
  • Each of the channels 14 includes a centrally disposed longitudinal axis 18.
  • the channels 14 are preferably sized such that a distance between and along longitudinal axes of adjacent channels is generally uniform (i.e., the adjacent channels 14 are equidistantly spaced from each other and extend generally parallel with respect to each other) .
  • the distance between the longitudinal axes 18 be m the range of about 0.050 to 0.125 inches.
  • the channels 14 of the present invention due to their hexagonal cross-sectional configuration, are closely adjoined to increase the available transfer surface per unit of volume.
  • the layers of material 12 be comprised of a non-metallic, high-strength, temperature-resistant, low thermal conductivity material, such as Nomex ® aramid in paper form.
  • a non-metallic, high-strength, temperature-resistant, low thermal conductivity material such as Nomex ® aramid in paper form.
  • Nomex ® aramid in paper form.
  • Aeroweb ® HMX-20 without the resilient resin coating manufactured by Ciba Composites of Anaheim, California, a division of Ciba Geigy Corporation of Ardsley, New York.
  • the layers of material 12 and the manner in which they are formed are not pertinent to the present invention, and that other materials, such as kraft paper, nylon fiber paper, mineral fiber paper and the like could be used to construct the layers of material 12 and that other methods could be used to form the hexagonal channels 14, such as extrusion, machining or molding, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
  • the internal surface area 16 is coated with a desiccant material 20 which interacts with the fluid media flowing through the channels 14 to achieve water absorption from the air.
  • the core 64 be used in connection with both the moisture transfer wheel 52 and the heat exchange wheel 54 and that the desiccant 20 be an exchange or sorbent material which exchanges or sorbs one of heat and mass with the fluid media flowing through the channels 14. That is, it is preferred that the exchange or sorbent material be capable of removing mass or transferring heat from the fluid media flowing through the channels 14 and be capable of transferring mass or heat to the fluid media flowing through the channels 14.
  • the terms sorb and sorptive mean adsorption and/or absorption.
  • the exchange or sorbent material be a desiccant material, such as a crystalline titanium silicate molecular sieve zeolite compound manufactured by Engelhard Corporation of Edison, New Jersey under the trade name ETS and disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,853,202, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • a desiccant material such as a crystalline titanium silicate molecular sieve zeolite compound manufactured by Engelhard Corporation of Edison, New Jersey under the trade name ETS and disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,853,202, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the use of channels having a cross section which is generally in the form of a hexagon is advantageous over other geometries, such as sinusoidal, square, and triangular. The following is a brief explanation of why a hexagon is better than other geometries. For a more detailed explanation, see U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 08/246,548, filed May 20, 1994, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the practical available transfer surface area (i.e., based upon standard measurements and calculations of the geometries after coating of the interactive material) of a hexagon is relatively greater, as compared to theoretical calculations, than the transfer surface area of a sinusoidal, triangle or square for a given volume because there are less surface area losses due to corner buildup.
  • sorbent mass transfer is analogous to heat transfer. This relationship is defined in U.S. patent 5,148,374, which is hereby incorporated by reference, as the number of transfer units which corresponds to the effectiveness of the heat transfer. The greater the number of transfer units, the more effective the heat transfer. The number of transfer units is dependent on, among other things, the available transfer surface area.
  • the core 64 of the present invention achieves a number of transfer units which is equal to or greater than the number of transfer units the prior art cores achieve.
  • the pressure drop through the core 64 of the present invention is significantly less than the core constructed of the geometries mentioned above because there is virtually no buildup in the corners of the generally hexagon shaped channels 14.
  • the power necessary to force the fluid media through the core 64 is significantly less than that needed to force the fluid media through the prior art cores.
  • the reduction m power requirements allows the desiccant systems to operate at the same cost as conventional CFC air-conditioning systems for the same output of BTU's, without the inherent risk to the environment presented by CFC air-conditioning systems.
  • the hexagonal core 64 provides much better bonding between channels or cells compared to the wound corrugated process described in the aforementioned patent application. Thus, the possibility for leakage of either fluid from one stream to the other at the sealing points is greatly reduced.
  • the channels 14 be configured to be generally in the form of a hexagon in cross section
  • the cross section of the channels could be other straight- sided shapes with equal angles and equal side lengths, such that the cross section approaches a circle, and which permit the channels to be closely adjoined to maximize the greatest transfer surface area per unit volume without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
  • other geometries could be used, such as, triangle, square, sinusoidal, so long as the operating parameters described below are attained, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
  • the preferred method of making the core 64 comprises forming the plurality of adjoining cnannels 14 such tnat the channels 14 are generally m the form of a hexagon in cross section. As is described above, each of the cnannels 14 has a centrally disposed longitudinal axis 18.
  • the internal surface area 16 of the channels 14 is then coated with a suspension of the zeolite m water. After coating, the substrate/coating is dried to remove the water and provide zeolite adhered to the suostrate.
  • the coating of the internal surface area 16 of the channels 14 with the zeolite 20 is accomplished by forced flow passing of the zeolite 20, as suspended m water with silicate, through the channels 14 at a laminar flow rate.
  • the suspension of zeolite 20 could be applied to tne internal surface area 16 of the channels 14 m other manners.
  • the zeolite 20 could be applied, in a suspension form, to the internal surface area 16 by deposition, wherein the suspension is passed througn the core 64 using a non-flooding technique.
  • the zeolite 20 could be applied to the layers of material 12 prior to assembling the layers of material 12 into the generally hexagonal channels 14 or the zeolite 20 could be incorporated in the material which makes up the layers of material 12.
  • water it is preferred for reasons of safety and economy to use water as the suspension medium, organic solvents or mixtures of organic solvent (s) with water may also be employed.
  • Figs. 4 through 6 there is shown the moisture transfer wheel 52 having the core 64 disposed therein.
  • the layers of material 12 which form the channels 14 of the core 64 provide the core 64 with sufficient structural integrity for most size wheels to avoid the requirement of a hub assembly and spokes, and thus m a preferred embodiment, as shown in F g. 4, there is no hub assembly or spokes.
  • the rim 34 has a radially outwardly extending track 36 on its external surface.
  • the track 36 allows the moisture transfer wheel 52 to be supported at its periphery, and then rotatably mounted within the housing 38, as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the housing 38 is generally in the form of a parallelepiped and includes a pair of semi ⁇ circular openings 40 on each side to allow the moisture transfer wheel 52 to be placed in the system 10 in alignment with the process and regenerative sides.
  • a plurality of support wheels 42 are disposed within the housing 38 and are in rolling engagement with the track 36. The support wheels 42 are positioned to rotatably support the moisture transfer wheel 52 in the housing 38 such that the core 64 of the moisture transfer wheel 52 is in alignment or registry with the semicircular openings 40.
  • the support wheels 42 are supported within the housing 38 by a generally T- shaped support member 44 which permits the support wheel 42 to rotate with respect to the support member 44 in a manner well understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the particular manner in which the support wheels 42 are supported within the housing 38 is not pertinent to the present invention.
  • a drive mechanism (not shown) is disposed within the housing 38 and drivingly engages the exterior of the rim 34 to rotate the moisture transfer wheel 52 with respect to the housing 38.
  • the components of the housing 38 are preferably constructed of a high-strength, lightweight material, such as aluminum. However, it is understood by those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the housing 38 could be constructed of other materials, such as a polymeric material or stainless steel, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
  • the system 10 includes a first compressor 66 having a suction side 66a in fluid communication with a first side 50a of the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 and a discharge side 66b in fluid communication with a first side 60a of the first condenser coil 60. More particularly, the suction side 66a of the first compressor 66 is in fluid communication with the first side 50a of the first pre-cool evaporator 50 via a first conduit 68 and the discharge side 66b of the first compressor 66 is in fluid communication with the first side 60a of the first condenser coil 60 via a second conduit 70. A second side 50b of the first pre- cool evaporator coil 50 is in fluid communication with a second side 60b of the first condenser coil 60, as described in more detail hereinafter.
  • the first conduit 68 includes a first crank case pressure regulator 72 which senses the pressure on the suction side 66a of the first compressor 66. That is, the position of the first crank case pressure regulator 72 (i.e., open or closed) is responsive to the pressure of the refrigerant fluid within the first conduit 68, for the reasons described hereinafter.
  • the system 10 further includes a second condenser coil 74 positioned between the second zone 52b of the moisture transfer wheel 52 and the ambient space such that the regenerative air 58 passes through the second condenser coil 74.
  • the second condenser coil 74 includes a first side 74a in fluid communication with the second side 60b of the first condenser coil 60 and a second side 74b in fluid communication with the second side 50b of the first pre-cool evaporator 50.
  • the second side 60b of the first condenser coil 60 is in fluid communication with the first side 74a of the second condenser coil 74 via a third conduit 76 and the second side 74b of the second condenser coil 74 is in fluid communication with the second side 50b of the first pre- cool evaporator coil 50 via a fourth conduit 78, in a manner well understood by those skilled in the art.
  • a fourth conduit 78 in a manner well understood by those skilled in the art.
  • the first condenser coil 60 is divided into first and second coil sections 60' and 60'' .
  • the first coil section 60' has a first side 60a' in fluid communication with the discharge side 66b of the first compressor 66 via the second conduit 70.
  • the first coil section 60' of the first condenser coil 60 includes a second side 60b' in fluid communication with a first side 60a'' of the second coil section 60'' via a fifth conduit 80.
  • the second coil section 60'' has a second side 60b' ' in fluid communication with the second side 50b of the first pre-cool evaporator 50 through the third conduit 76, second condenser coil 74 and fourth conduit 78.
  • the first coil section 60' is spaced from the second coil section 60'' by an air gap 82 to minimize heat transfer between the first and second coil sections 60', 60'' .
  • the first coil section 60' is comprised of a single row coil wherein the tubes of the coil are thermally connected together by a plurality of thin, thermally conductive fin sheets (only one is shown) 84, in a manner well understood by those skilled in the art.
  • the second coil section 60' ' is comprised of a coil having three rows of tubes thermally connected together by a plurality of thin, thermally conductive fin sheets (only one is shown) 84, also in a manner well understood by those skilled in the art.
  • the air gap 82 exists between the fin sheets of the first and second coil sections 60', 60''.
  • the surface transfer area of the first coil section 60' is less than the surface transfer area of the second coil section 60'' .
  • the first coil section 60' is positioned between the second zone 52b of the moisture transfer wheel 52 and the second coil section 60'' so that the regenerative air 58 flowing across the first coil section 60' is heated by the super heated refrigerant fluid flowing directly from the discharge side 66b of the first compressor 60 through the second conduit 70.
  • the first coil section 60' be positioned downstream from the second coil section 60'' and that the first coil section 60' be in direct fluid communication with the first compressor 66, because it allows the regenerative air 58 flowing across the first condensing coil 60 to see the first coil section 60' last. Since the first coil section 60' is hotter than the second coil section 60'' (because the air gap 82 prevents the averaging effect described above) , the regenerative air 58 flowing into the moisture transfer wheel 52 can be at higher temperature than with the use of conventional condensing coils, without increasing the temperature of the refrigerant fluid flowing through the coil.
  • first coil section 60' and the second coil section 60'' be comprised of one and three rows of tubes, respectively, it is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure that the present invention is not limited to any particular number of rows of tubes in either the first or second coil sections 60', 60'' and that the first condenser coil 60 can be divided into more than two sections.
  • the spacing is sized to minimize the transfer of heat between the first and second coil sections 60', 60'' (i.e., to prevent the relatively lower temperature of the second coil section 60'' from lowering the relatively higher temperature of the first coil section 60') , and yet allows the first condensing coil 60 to be positioned between the second zones 52b, 54b of the moisture transfer wheel 52 and heat exchange wheel 54.
  • the second condenser coil 74 is also divided into first and second coil sections 74 ' , 74 ' ' , in the same manner that the first condensing coil 60 is divided into first and second coil sections 60' , 60' ' .
  • the second condensing coil 74 in Fig. 2 has been marked with element numerals which correspond to the element numerals of the description of the first condensing coil 60 without the accompanying description herein. It is believed that a reading of the description of the first condensing coil 60 in combination with viewing the element numerals in Fig. 2 of the second condensing coil 74 provide a sufficient understanding of the second condenser coil 74. However, the second condenser coil 74 is different from the first condensing coil 60 in one respect.
  • a hold-back valve 86 is disposed between the first and second coil sections 74' , 74' ' in the sixth conduit 88 extending therebetween and the first coil section 74' is located upstream from the second coil section 74' ' .
  • the purpose of the hold-back valve 86 is described hereinafter.
  • the relatively cool air exiting the moisture transfer wheel 52 is used to condense any refrigerant that has not been condensed by the first condensing coil 60. This is a unique and efficient manner to achieve pre-cooling of the process air 51 entering the moisture transfer wheel 52 when the wet bulb temperature of the ambient air is greater than 74 degrees F.
  • first and second condensing coils 60, 74 be separated into the first and second coil sections 60' , 74' , 60' ' , 74' ' , it is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure that the pre-cooling of the process air 51 could be attained even if the first and second condensing coils 60, 74 where constructed of a single coil or section.
  • the system 10 further includes a refrigeration fluid receiver 90 in fluid communication with the second side 60b of the first condenser coil 60 and the second side 50b of the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50. More particularly, a seventh conduit 92 extends between the outlet side 90a of the receiver 90 and the fourth conduit 78 which is in fluid communication with the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50. An eighth conduit 94 extends between the inlet side 90b of the receiver 90 and the third conduit 76, which is fluid communication with the second side 60b of the first condenser coil 60. The eighth conduit 94 includes a pressure regulator valve 96 which senses the pressure of the refrigerant fluid within the receiver 90.
  • the pressure regulator valve 96 opens to allow refrigerant fluid within the first condenser coil 60 to flow into the receiver 90, as described in more detail hereinafter. It is preferred that the receiver 90 be in fluid communication with the second side 60b of the first condensing coil 60, as oppose to the second conduit 70 which would result in diverting needed hot refrigerant fluid away from the first condensing coil 60.
  • the system 10 further includes a second compressor 98 in parallel with the first compressor 66.
  • the second compressor 98 includes a suction side 98a in fluid communication with the first side 50a of the first pre-cool evaporator coil and a discharge side 98b in fluid communication with the first side 60a of the first condenser coil 66.
  • a ninth conduit 100 extends between the suction side 98a of the second compressor 98 and the first conduit 68 which is in fluid communication with the first side 50a of the first pre- cool evaporator coil 50.
  • a tenth conduit 102 extends between the discharge side 98b of the second compressor 98 and the second conduit 70 which is in fluid communication with the first side 60a of the first condensing coil 60.
  • the first compressor 66 is sized to provide sufficient energy to pre-cool the process air 51 when the wet bulb temperature of the process air 51 is between 70 and 74 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the second compressor 98 is sized to provide sufficient energy, in combination with the first compressor 66, to pre-cool the process air 51 when the wet bulb temperature of the process air 51 is greater than 74 degrees Fahrenheit, as described in more detail hereinafter. Using two different sized compressors is more energy efficient than one large compressor when the wet bulb temperature is less than 74 degrees Fahrenheit and since a wet bulb temperature of greater than 74 degrees Fahrenheit does not occur regularly, the full use of a large compressor would also not occur often.
  • the system 10 includes a hold-back valve 86.
  • the hold-back valve 86 is positioned between the first side 74a of the second condenser 74 and the first pre-cool evaporator 50.
  • the hold-back valve 86 is responsive to a pressure of the refrigerant fluid within at least a portion of the second condenser 74 such that the hold-back valve 86 is open when the pressure of the refrigerant fluid within the portion of the second condenser 74 is above a predetermined pressure and the hold-back valve 86 is closed when the pressure of the refrigerant fluid within the portion of the second condenser 74 is below the predetermined pressure.
  • the hold-back valve 86 is in fluid communication with and is positioned between the first and second coil sections 74', 74'' of the second condensing coil 74. That is, the sixth conduit 88 includes the hold-back valve 86. The portion of the second condenser coil 74 which is being sensed by the hold-back valve 86 is the second coil section 74'' .
  • the system 10 further includes a second pre-cool evaporator coil 104 positioned between the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 and the first zone 52a of the moisture transfer wheel 52.
  • the second pre-cool evaporator coil 104 includes a first side 104a which is in fluid communication with the suction side 98a of the second compressor 98 and the suction side 66a of the first compressor 66 via an eleventh conduit 106 which is in fluid communication with the first conduit 68.
  • the second pre-cool evaporator coil 104 includes a second side 104b in fluid communication with the second side 74b of the second condenser coil 74 via a twelfth conduit 108 which is in fluid communication with the fourth conduit 78.
  • the receiver 90 is also in fluid communication with the second side 74b of the second condenser coil 74 so that the first pre-cool evaporator 50 can receive refrigerant fluid from the fluid receiver 90 when the hold-back valve 86 is closed, as described in more detail hereinafter.
  • the system 10 further includes a recovery evaporator coil 110 positioned between the second zone 52b of the moisture transfer wheel 52 and the ambient space such that the regenerative air 58 passes through the recovery evaporator coil 110.
  • the recovery evaporator coil 110 is positioned downstream of the second condenser coil 74 and includes a first side 110a in fluid communication with the suction sides 66a, 98a of the first and second compressors 66, 98, and a second side 110b in fluid communication with the second side 60b of the first condenser coil 60.
  • a thirteenth conduit 112 extends between the first side 110a of the recovery evaporator coil 110 and the first conduit 68.
  • the thirteenth conduit 112 includes a crank case pressure regulator 114 for sensing the pressure of refrigerant fluid within the first conduit 68, for reasons described hereinafter.
  • a fourteenth conduit 116 extends from the second side 110b of the recovery evaporator coil 110 and is in fluid communication with the fourth conduit 78 which is in fluid communication with the second side 74b of the second condensing coil 74 and the outlet 90a of the receiver 90 via the seventh conduit 92.
  • the recovery evaporator coil 110 and the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 are arranged in parallel between the first condenser coil 60 and the first compressor 66.
  • the second side 50b, 104b, 110b, of each of the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50, second pre-cool evaporator coil 104 and recovery evaporator coil 110 are in fluid communication with an expansion valve which affects a pressure drop of the refrigerant fluid flowing into the respective coil and a solenoid valve, commonly designated 50c, 104c, and 110c, respectively.
  • the solenoid valves are used to control the flow of refrigerant fluid into the respective coils in accordance with the operation of the system 10, as described hereinafter.
  • the solenoid valves are standard, electrically operated, off-the-shelf items well understood by those skilled in the art, accordingly, further description thereof is omitted for purposes of convenience only, and is not limiting.
  • the system 10 senses the wet-bulb temperature of the process air 51 entering the system 10 through the use of an enthalpy sensor 118 located just upstream from the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50.
  • Enthalpy sensors are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, accordingly, further description thereof is omitted for purposes of convenience only, and is not limiting.
  • the position of the solenoid valves 50c, 104c, 110c and the selection of which of the first and second compressors 66, 98 is operating are controlled by a microprocessor (not shown) in response to the wet bulb temperature of the process air 51 sensed by the enthalpy sensor 118, as described below.
  • Fig. 7 there is shown a second preferred embodiment of a hybrid air-conditioning system 10 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the system 10 in accordance with the second preferred embodiment is very similar to the first preferred embodiment, except for the following differences.
  • the second compressor 98, second condenser coil 74 and second pre-cool evaporator coil 104 are fluidly coupled in an independent standard heat pump configuration.
  • the first compressor 66, first condenser coil 60, first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 and recovery evaporator coil 110 are fluidly coupled together as an independent circuit. The following is a brief description of the system 10 in accordance with the second preferred embodiment.
  • the discharge side 66b of the first compressor 66 is in fluid communication with the first condenser coil 60 via the second conduit 70.
  • the first condensing coil 60 of the second preferred embodiment is identical to the first condensing coil 60 of the first preferred embodiment.
  • the second side 50b of the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 is in fluid communication with the second side 60b of the first condensing coil 60 via the third conduit 76.
  • the second side 110b of the recovery evaporator coil 110 is also in fluid communication with the second side 60b of the first condensing coil 60 via the fourteenth conduit 116 and the third conduit 76.
  • the first side 50a of the first pre- cool evaporator coil 50 is in fluid communication with the suction side 66a of the first compressor 66 via the first conduit 68 which includes a crank case pressure regulator 72.
  • the first side 110a of the recovery evaporator coil 110 is in fluid communication with the suction side 66a of the first compressor 6. via the thirteenth conduit 112 which is in fluid communication with the first conduit 68. 5.
  • the second condensing coil 74 of the second preferred embodiment is identical to the second condensing coil 74 of the first preferred 0 embodiment, except that the hold-back valve 86 is omitted.
  • the second side 104b of the second pre-cool evaporator coil 104 is in fluid communication with the second side 74b of the second condensing coil 74 via the twelfth conduit 108.
  • the first side 104a of the second pre-cool evaporator coil 104 is in fluid communication with the suction side 98a of the second compressor 98 via the ninth conduit 100.
  • FIG. 8 there is shown a third preferred embodiment of a hybrid air-conditioning system 10 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the system 10 in accordance with the third preferred embodiment is very similar to the second preferred embodiment, except for the following differences .
  • the second condensing coil 74 is divided into first and second coil sections 74' and 74''.
  • the first coil section 74' has a first side 74a' in fluid communication with the discharge side 98b of the second compressor 98.
  • the first coil section 74' of the second condenser coil 74 includes a second side 74b' in fluid communication with a first side 74a' ' of the second coil section 74'' via a sixth conduit 88.
  • the second coil section 74'' has a second side 74b'' in fluid communication with the second side 104b of the second pre-cool evaporator 104 through the twelfth conduit 108.
  • the first coil section 74' of the first condenser coil 74 is located between the first coil section 60' of the first condenser coil 60 and the second zone 52b of the moisture transfer wheel 52.
  • the discharge side 66b of the first compressor 66 is in fluid communication with the first condenser coil 60 via the second conduit 70.
  • the first condensing coil 60 of the third preferred embodiment is identical to the first condensing coil 60 of the first preferred embodiment.
  • the second side 50b of the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 is in fluid communication with the second side 60b of the first condensing coil 60 via the third conduit 76.
  • the second side 110b of the recovery evaporator coil 110 is also in fluid communication with the second side 60b of the first condensing coil 60 via the fourteenth conduit 116 and the third conduit 76.
  • the first side 50a of the first pre- cool evaporator coil 50 is in fluid communication with the suction side 66a of the first compressor 66 via the first conduit 68 which includes a crank case pressure regulator 72.
  • the first side 110a of the recovery evaporator coil 110 is in fluid communication with the suction side 66a of the first compressor 66 via the thirteenth conduit 112 which is in fluid communication with the first conduit 68.
  • the discharge side 98b of the second compressor 98 is in fluid communication with the first side 74a of the second condensing coil 74.
  • the second condensing coil 74 of the ⁇ third preferred embodiment is separated into first and second coil sections 74' and 74'', similar to the first and second embodiments; however, the first coil section 74' of the second condenser coil 74 is positioned between the first condenser coil 60' and the second zone 52b of the moisture transfer wheel 52.
  • the first coil section 74' of the second condenser coil 74 is separated by an air gap from the first coil section 60' of the first condenser coil 60 to minimize heat transfer between coils 60 and 74.
  • the second coil section 74'' of the second condenser coil 74 is positioned between the second zone 52b of the moisture transfer wheel 52 and the ambient space such that the regenerative air 58 passes through the first and second coil sections 74' and 74'' of the second condenser coil 74.
  • the second side 104b of the second pre-cool evaporator coil 104 is in fluid communication with the second side 74b of the second condensing coil 74 via the twelfth conduit 108.
  • the first side 104a of the second pre-cool evaporator coil 104 is in fluid communication with the suction side 98a of the second compressor 98 via the ninth conduit 100.
  • the system 10 is operated to control the condition of air in the enclosed space when the wet bulb temperature of the process air 51 in the ambient space (i.e., the process air 51 which enters the system 10) is greater than seventy-four degrees Fahrenheit, by rotating the moisture transfer and heat exchange wheels 52, 54 in a manner well-understood by those skilled in the art, and as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,148,374, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the first and second compressors 66, 98 are operated to pass refrigerant fluid from the first and second compressors 66, 98 through the first condenser coil 60, second condenser coil 74, first pre-cool evaporator 50, second pre-cool evaporator 104 and back to the first and second compressors 66 , 98 such that the process air 51 between the second pre-cool evaporator 104 and the first zone 52a of the moisture transfer wheel 52 has a dry-bulb temperature of less than or equal to about seventy degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the refrigerant fluid passes from the first and second compressors 66 , 98, it is partially condensed in the first condenser coil 60, with a majority of the condensing occurring in the first coil section 60' .
  • the refrigerant fluid then flows from the first condenser coil 60 to the second coil section 74'' of the second condensing coil 74.
  • the refrigerant fluid exits the second coil section 74'' of the second condensing coil 74, it is fully condensed.
  • the hold-back valve 86 which is sensing the pressure of the refrigerant fluid as it exits the second coil section 74'' of the second condensing coil 74, remains open and the refrigerant fluid passes to the first coil section 74' of the second condensing coil 74. Any flashing of refrigerant fluid that occurs as the refrigerant fluid flows through the hold-back valve 86, is condensed in the first coil section 74' of the second condensing coil 74.
  • the refrigerant fluid flows from the second side 74b of the second condensing coil 74 to the first and second pre- cool evaporator coils 50, 104 through the fourth conduit 78 and twelfth conduit 108.
  • the refrigerant fluid then flows from the first and second pre-cool evaporator coils 50, 104 in a relatively low temperature and pressure vapor form to the suction sides 66a, 98a of the first and second compressors 66, 98.
  • the first crank case pressure regulator 72 remains open so long as the pressure of the refrigerant fluid on the suction sides 66a, 98a of the first and second compressors 66, 98 remains below a predetermined value for the purpose of not overloading the compressors. If the pressure of the refrigerant fluid on the suction sides 66a, 98a of the first and second compressors 66, 98 exceeds the predetermined value, the regulator 72 will partially close to throttle the flow of refrigerant to the first and second compressors 66, 98.
  • the regulator 114 operates in a similar manner as anyone skilled in the art understands. In operating the system 10, it is desired to control the fans 56, 62 to achieve a high normal air-flow velocity through the system 10.
  • the nominal air-flow velocity is about two hundred to about eight hundred feet per minute (FPM) , and, more preferably, about four hundred to about five hundred FPM.
  • FPM eight hundred feet per minute
  • the process air 51 having a wet-bulb temperature of 74 degrees F. or greater flows across and then exits from the first and second pre-cool evaporator coils 50, 104 it has a dry-bulb temperature of about 71 degrees F.
  • the process air 51 emerges from the first zone 52a of the moisture transfer wheel 52, it has a dry-bulb temperature of about 105 to 120 degrees F.
  • the process air 51 emerges from the first zone 54a of the heat exchange wheel 54, it has a dry-bulb temperature of about 70 to 85 degrees F.
  • the regenerative air 58 enters the second zone 54b of the heat exchange wheel 54 at a dry- bulb temperature in the range of about 65 to 80 degrees F. after the regenerative air leaves the evaporator pad 61.
  • the regenerative air 58 exits the second zone 54b of the heat exchange wheel 54 at a dry-bulb temperature of about 100 to 115 degrees F.
  • the dry-bulb temperature of the regenerative air 58 is raised to about 130 to 145 degrees F. and preferably 140 degrees F.
  • the regenerative air 58 then passes through the second zone 52b of the moisture transfer wheel 52 and exits therefrom at a dry-bulb temperature of about 90 to 100 degrees F.
  • the regenerative air 58 then flows across the second condensing coil 74, which raises its dry-bulb temperature to about 120 to 130 degrees F.
  • the first compressor 66, first condensing coil 60, first pre- cool evaporator coil 50 operate in the same manner as that described above, except that the refrigerant fluid does not flow through the second pre-cool evaporator coil 104 or the second condensing coil 74.
  • Placement of the first pre-cool evaporator 50 ahead of the second pre-cool evaporator 104 minimizes the compressor compression ratios (absolute discharge pressure/absolute suction pressure) and increases efficiency. Because the process air 51 is warmer before it enters the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50, the temperature of the refrigerant fluid entering the suction side 66a of the first compressor 66 can be higher than the temperature of the refrigerant entering the suction side 98a of the second compressor 98.
  • the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant at the suction sides 66a and 98a of the first and second compressors 66, 98 are 65 degrees F, 124 PSIA and 55 degrees F, 110 PSIA, respectively.
  • the first condensing coil 60 which is located before the second zone 52b of the moisture transfer wheel 52 needs to operate at a higher condensing temperature (140 degrees F, 350 PSIA) than the second condensing coil 74 (120 degrees F, 275 PSIA) , which is located after the second zone 52b of the moisture transfer wheel 52.
  • the compression ratio is minimized and the system efficiency is increased by having the first pre-cool evaporator 50 with the highest temperature refrigerant fluid as part of the same closed system as the first condensing coil 60 with the highest condensing temperature.
  • the regenerative air 58 then passes through the second zone 52b of the moisture transfer wheel 52 and exits therefrom at a dry-bulb.temperature of about 90 to 100 degrees F.
  • the regenerative air 58 then flows across the second coil section 74'' of the second condensing coil 74, which raises its dry-bulb temperature to about 120 to 130 degrees F.
  • Placement of the first pre-cool evaporator 50 ahead of the second pre-cool evaporator 104 still minimizes the compressor compression ratios (absolute discharge pressure/absolute suction pressure) and increases efficiency in a similar manner to that described above in connection with the second embodiment even though the first coil section 74' of the second condenser coil 74 is located on the upstream side of the moisture transfer wheel 52.
  • the larger relative size of the second coil section 74'' in comparison to the first coil section 74' of the second condenser coil 74 allows the second condenser coil 74 to operate at a lower condensing temperature in comparison to the first condenser coil 60.
  • the system 10 when the wet-bulb temperature of the process air 51 in the ambient space is between seventy and seventy-four degrees Fahrenheit, the system 10 is operated in a manner generally similar to that described above, except that the second condenser 74, second pre-cool evaporator coil 104 and second compressor 98 are not operating. That is, the solenoid valves 104c, 110c of the second pre-cool evaporator coil 104 and recovery evaporator coil 110 are closed and the solenoid valve 50c of the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 is open. As refrigerant fluid flows through the first condensing coil 60, it is almost entirely condensed.
  • the hold-back valve 86 will sense the drop in pressure of the refrigerant fluid in the second coil section 74'' of the second condensing coil 74, and close. Once the hold-back valve 86 is closed, refrigerant fluid within the second coil section 74' ' of the second condensing coil 74 begins to back up toward the first condensing coil 60. Similarly, since the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 can no longer draw refrigerant fluid from the second condensing coil 74, it begins to draw condensed refrigerant fluid from the receiver 90. This will result in the pressure of the refrigerant fluid within the receiver 90 falling below a predetermined value thereby causing the pressure regulator valve 96 to open.
  • the condensed fluid from the first condensing coil 60 flows directly to the receiver 90. It is only necessary to use the first condensing coil 60, first compressor 66 and first pre- cool evaporator coil 50 because when the process air 51 has a wet-bulb temperature of between seventy-four and seventy degrees Fahrenheit, the first condensing coil 60 and first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 are all that is necessary to bring the we -bulb temperature of the process air 51 entering the system 10 to a dry-bulb temperature of seventy degrees Fahrenheit. Therefore, the system 10 can operate in a more energy-efficient manner when the temperature of the process air 51 is in this range.
  • the second compressor 98, second condensing coil 74 and second pre-cool evaporator coil 104 are simply not operating when the wet-bulb temperature of the process air 51 entering the system is between seventy- four and seventy degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the solenoid valve 110c of the recovery evaporator coil 110 is closed while the solenoid valve 50c of the first pre- cool evaporator coil 50 is open.
  • the refrigerant fluid flows through the first compressor 66, first condensing coil 60 and first pre-cool evaporator coil 50, generally in a manner which is similar to that described above in connection with the first preferred embodiment.
  • the system 10 is generally operated in a manner identical to that described above in connection with the second preferred embodiment.
  • the first compressor 66 passes refrigerant fluid through the first condensing coil 60, the first pre-cool evaporator 50 and the recovery evaporator coil 110 and back to the first compressor 66.
  • the solenoid valves 50c, 110c of the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 and recovery evaporator coil 110, respectively, are open while the solenoid valve 104c of the second pre-cool evaporator coil 104 is closed.
  • the hold- back valve 86 is closed, but the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 cannot completely evaporate the refrigerant flowing therethrough because of the reduced load provided by the lower temperature process air 51 entering the system 10.
  • the recovery coil 110 assists in completely evaporating the refrigerant fluid flowing from the first condensing coil 60 to the first compressor 66. Therefore, the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 only does a small amount of cooling of the process air 51 flowing therethrough, and the majority of the evaporation occurs in the recovery evaporator coil 110.
  • the first condensing coil 60 is still used to raise the temperature of the regenerative air 58 entering the second zone 52b of the moisture transfer wheel 52 to one- hundred-and-forty degrees Fahrenheit or above.
  • the recovery evaporator coil 110 is needed to balance the condensing done in the first condensing coil 60.
  • the second preferred embodiment of the system 10, shown in Fig. 7, is operated in a similar manner to control the humidity in the air in the enclosed space when the wet-bulb temperature of the process air 51 is less than seventy degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the first compressor 66 passes refrigerant fluid through the first condensing coil 60, the first pre-cool evaporator 50 and the recovery evaporator coil 110 and back to the first compressor 66.
  • the solenoid valves 50c, 110c of the first pre-cool evaporator coil 50 and recovery evaporator coil 110, respectively, are open.
  • the second compressor 98, second condenser coil 74 and second pre- cool evaporator coil 104 are not operating.
  • the dry bulb temperature of the process air 51 entering the first zone 52a of the moisture transfer wheel 52 be less than or equal to 70 degrees Fahrenheit, it is understood by those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the present invention is not limited to pre-cooling the process air 51 to any particular temperature since the preferred temperature of the process air 51 entering the first zone 52a of the moisture transfer wheel 52 is dictated by the performance of the moisture transfer wheel 52. That is, for any moisture transfer wheel it is the temperature relationship between the process air leaving the moisture transfer wheel and the required regeneration temperature of the regeneration air entering the moisture transfer wheel, described above, which controls the preferred temperature of the process air entering the moisture transfer wheel .
  • the third preferred embodiment of the system 10, shown in Fig. 8, is operated in the same manner as the second embodiment to control the humidity in the air in the enclosed space when the wet-bulb temperature of the process air 51 is less than seventy degrees
  • the present invention comprises a hybrid air- conditioning system. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art from this disclosure that changes could be made to the embodiments described above in the foregoing description without departing from the broad, inventive concepts thereof. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any particular manner of pre-cooling the process air 51 which enters the first zone 52a of the moisture transfer wheel 52.
  • the pre-cool evaporator coils could be tied to a refrigeration system which is not related to any other portion of the system 10 or another type of cooling mechanism, such as water from a cooling tower, could be used to pre-cool the process air 51. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited -to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover all modifications which are within the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un système hybride pour air conditionné (10) destiné à régler le conditionnement de l'air dans des espaces clos tels que des bâtiments. Ce système comprend un premier ventilateur (56) qui aspire l'air (51) du milieu ambiant et le fait passer à travers un serpentin d'évaporation (50), puis à travers la première zone (52a) d'un tambour rotatif d'échange d'humidité (52), et enfin à travers la première zone (54a) d'un tambour rotatif d'échange thermique (54) avant de le rejeter dans un espace clos et conditionné. Un second ventilateur (61) aspire l'air à régénérer (58) de l'espace clos et conditionné et le fait passer à travers la seconde zone (54b) du tambour d'échange thermique (54), puis à travers un premier serpentin de condensation (60) et enfin à travers la seconde zone (52b) du tambour d'échange d'humidité (52) avant de le rejeter dans le milieu ambiant. Ce système (10) comprend également un compresseur (66) comportant un côté aspirant (66a), lequel est en communication fluide avec un premier côté du serpentin de condensation (60). Le second côté (50b) du serpentin d'évaporation (50) est en communication fluide avec le second côté (60b) du serpentin de condensation (60).__________________
PCT/US1996/000056 1995-01-25 1996-01-16 Systeme hybride pour air conditionne et procede de mise en oeuvre WO1996023185A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU46520/96A AU4652096A (en) 1995-01-25 1996-01-16 Hybrid air-conditioning system and operating method
GB9714362A GB2311841A (en) 1995-01-25 1996-01-16 Hybrid air-conditioning system and operating method
DE19681174T DE19681174T1 (de) 1995-01-25 1996-01-16 Hybrid-Klimaanlage und Betriebsverfahren

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US378,154 1989-07-11
US37815495A 1995-01-25 1995-01-25
US08/409,296 US5551245A (en) 1995-01-25 1995-03-23 Hybrid air-conditioning system and method of operating the same
US409,296 1995-03-23
US469,239 1995-06-06
US08/469,239 US5517828A (en) 1995-01-25 1995-06-06 Hybrid air-conditioning system and method of operating the same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996023185A1 true WO1996023185A1 (fr) 1996-08-01

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AU (1) AU4652096A (fr)
DE (1) DE19681174T1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2311841A (fr)
WO (1) WO1996023185A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998029694A1 (fr) * 1996-12-27 1998-07-09 Ebara Corporation Systeme de conditionnement d'air
WO1998043024A1 (fr) * 1997-03-25 1998-10-01 Ebara Corporation Systeme de conditionnement d'air
CN102261701A (zh) * 2011-05-11 2011-11-30 湖南科技大学 多级热回收复合除湿新风空气处理机

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010028235A1 (de) * 2010-04-27 2011-10-27 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Heizungs-, Belüftungs- und/oder Klima-Anlage

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2926502A (en) * 1954-07-12 1960-03-01 Lizenzia A G Air conditioning system
US4180985A (en) * 1977-12-01 1980-01-01 Northrup, Incorporated Air conditioning system with regeneratable desiccant bed
US4474021A (en) * 1982-02-02 1984-10-02 Joel Harband Heat pump apparatus and method
US5148374A (en) * 1990-06-19 1992-09-15 Icc Technologies, Inc. Desiccant space conditioning control system and method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2926502A (en) * 1954-07-12 1960-03-01 Lizenzia A G Air conditioning system
US4180985A (en) * 1977-12-01 1980-01-01 Northrup, Incorporated Air conditioning system with regeneratable desiccant bed
US4474021A (en) * 1982-02-02 1984-10-02 Joel Harband Heat pump apparatus and method
US5148374A (en) * 1990-06-19 1992-09-15 Icc Technologies, Inc. Desiccant space conditioning control system and method

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998029694A1 (fr) * 1996-12-27 1998-07-09 Ebara Corporation Systeme de conditionnement d'air
US6199394B1 (en) 1996-12-27 2001-03-13 Ebara Corporation Air conditioning system
WO1998043024A1 (fr) * 1997-03-25 1998-10-01 Ebara Corporation Systeme de conditionnement d'air
US6199392B1 (en) 1997-03-25 2001-03-13 Ebara Corporation Air conditioning system
CN102261701A (zh) * 2011-05-11 2011-11-30 湖南科技大学 多级热回收复合除湿新风空气处理机
CN102261701B (zh) * 2011-05-11 2013-06-19 湖南科技大学 多级热回收复合除湿新风空气处理机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9714362D0 (en) 1997-09-10
GB2311841A (en) 1997-10-08
AU4652096A (en) 1996-08-14
DE19681174T1 (de) 1998-02-05

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