WO1996018468A1

WO1996018468A1 - Grid, in particular flat grid (grating)

Info

Publication number: WO1996018468A1
Application number: PCT/DE1995/001746
Authority: WO
Inventors: Albrecht KLÖCKNER
Original assignee: Kloeckner Albrecht
Priority date: 1994-12-14
Filing date: 1995-12-06
Publication date: 1996-06-20
Also published as: DE59502623D1; AU4171496A; EP0797486B1; DE19581408D2; ATE167415T1; EP0797486A1

Abstract

In a grid, in particular a flat grid (grating) made of metal (such as expanded metal), paper, cardboard or plastic, the grid nodes (1) are interconnected by crossbars (2) that extend as the rays of a star between adjacent grid nodes. The crossbars (2) are corrugated or accordion creased between the grid nodes (1), so that the distance between the nodes (1) may be increased or decreased when outer forces are applied on the grid.

Description

GRID, ESPECIALLY FLAT GRID (GRID MAT)

The invention relates to a lattice, in particular a flat lattice (lattice mat) made of metal (such as expanded metal), paper, cardboard or plastic, with lattice nodes, from which lattice webs run to adjacent lattice nodes.

Expanded metal with meshes is known, which e.g. are diamond-shaped or square-shaped. Due to this geometry, longitudinal expansion and transverse contraction are inevitably coupled. This known property results in a relatively low formability of expanded metal on spatially strongly curved surfaces. This limitation is overcome with difficulty by denomination or folding or cutting and double material.

The object of the invention is to create a grid which can be adapted to a wide variety of geometrical, in particular also curved, structures. Due to its geometry, the lattice to be created should advantageously have a significantly improved formability to any spatial shape and be suitable for a very wide range of needs, such as Shaping of vehicle body parts, stucco and vault reinforcement, seat shells, sculptural and architectural objects, packaging, inserts in highly moldable sealing sheets etc.

The object is achieved with a grid as characterized by claim 1. Developments of the invention are described in the subclaims. Based on the geometry and deformation behavior of Strec - "metal", which can also consist of non-metallic materials in a known manner, a solution was found in the first step in which the webs or bars of the lattice between intersection or node points in x, y-direction, that is, in the lattice plane wave-shaped, zander-shaped or zigzag-shaped or bent out, so that the distance between the nodes can be increased or reduced even further with relatively small forces applied from outside. This shape already results in a considerably increased formability.

Starting from an expanded metal, a lattice according to the invention can be obtained in a particularly simple manner in that ma offset from row of ashes to row of stitches - in each case two lattice knots are cut transversely and preferably perpendicularly to the conventional ionic "extended cut".

Particularly advantageous further solutions of the inventions given above arise as soon as the wavy, meandering or zigzag-shaped deflections of the grating bars are carried out perpendicular to the grating plane, that is to say the grating is geometrically expanded in the z-direction. For this purpose, for example, the grid webs are bent out of the grid plane in a triangular and / or trapezoidal manner.

The grids according to the invention can be filled or coated with hardening or thermally polymerizing or drying substances or materials and can therefore be used, for example, as a plaster base and as in the roofing area products known in the market known as "lead replacement". Further possible uses are:

Spacers for rear-ventilated cladding, molded packaging for spherical objects, etc., drying grilles in industry and household, GRP-replacing repair "mat" in the automotive sector, etc.

The presented designs of the grids according to the invention are preferably punched or joined or glued and shaped from homogeneous sheet or strip semifinished products and, analogous to the known expanded metal, they do not have precisely defined flow, bending joints or nodes. In this case, there is even no need to fix the nodes or crossing points if the loosely placed grid strips or wires are held in place by immediately embedding or pressing them into a rigid or elastically hardening mass. As an essential common feature, these grids have a high plastic formability and low elastic springback.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it

1 is a perspective view of a grid according to a first embodiment of the invention, with grid bars bent in the grid plane,

2 shows a top view of a conventional expanded metal grid with individual severed grid nodes,

3 is a plan view of a grid made of wavy bends

(a) Wires lined up in parallel

(b) wires superimposed at an angle, 4 is a perspective view of a grid according to a further embodiment of the invention, with grid webs which are bent out of the grid plane in a triangular manner,

5 is a perspective view of a grating according to a further embodiment of the invention, with grating webs bent out of the grating plane in a trapezoidal shape,

6 shows a perspective view of a grating according to a further embodiment of the invention, with grating webs having a “positive coupling” that are bent out of the grating plane,

7 is a perspective view of a grid according to a further embodiment of the invention, with grid webs which are stiffened by folded triangular surfaces.

The grid shown in FIG. 1 corresponds to an expanded metal grid. The lattice webs 2, which extend in the lattice plane, x, y plane, in the form of a beam between lattice nodes 1, are bent out in a zigzag shape, so that the distance between the nodes can be increased or reduced with relatively small external forces applied from outside. This shape already results in a considerably improved formability of the lattice on spatial shapes of all kinds.

The lattice shown in FIG. 2 is a normal expanded metal lattice, in which two lattice nodes 1 a are separated only staggered from row of stitches to row of stitches by a separating cut 1 c perpendicular to the actual “drawn cut” ld. Such a grid is characterized on the one hand by light adjustability and on the other hand characterized by excellent formability.

A corresponding grid is shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and (b), the grid bars here not being formed from a metal sheet as in FIG. 2, but from metal wires. According to Fig. 3 (a) zigzag or wavy wires 5, 6 are lined up in a parallel orientation, so that there are bellies 7 and contact points 8 between them. The wires 5, 6 are in turn staggered from stitch row to stitch row, clamped to one another at every third contact point, welded, soldered, etc., while the intermediate contact points are loose. 3 (b) is of basically the same structure, only the wires 5 'intersecting the wires 6 ¹ at an angle α, as a result of which intersection points 8' now result instead of contact points 8. The bracket is the same as in the embodiment of Fig. 3 (a). The angle α is preferably <90 °, optimally 30 ° <α <60 °, which results in particularly good stretching and compression behavior.

Further improvements of the task at the beginning of the invention result as soon as the wavy or zigzag-shaped deflections of the grating webs 2 are carried out perpendicular to the grating plane, that is to say, geometrically, the grating expands in the z-direction. The first step in this direction leads to the lattice according to FIG. 4, in which the lattice webs 2 between the lattice nodes 1 are bent triangularly in the z direction. With this grid, stretching and compression in the x and y directions are largely decoupled, and there is excellent conformability to spatial shapes of the most varied geometries. 4 is very similar to the lattice according to FIG. 5, which differs in that the lattice webs 2 between the lattice nodes 1 are no longer triangular but bent out in a trapezoidal shape. Due to the raised platform 3 on the middle of the web, this grid offers a particularly good ability to be glued or coated on both sides with foils or the like. This two-sided, flat gluing can be done either in the flat position of the grille or after molding to almost any room contour, which enables a particularly light and rigid sandwich or shell construction.

6 is the consequent further development of the lattice according to FIG. 5, but in comparison with the lattices according to FIGS. 4 and 5 it has a certain coupling tendency in the x and y deformations, however in contrast to Streckme ¬ tall with "positive coupling", that is, a longitudinal expansion simultaneously causes a transverse expansion. In the lattice according to FIG. 6, the lattice webs 2 are in turn connected to one another at the buckling points in the form of a platform 3 by correspondingly bent lattice webs 2 '. The buckling of the bars 2 'is usually opposite to the buckling direction of the bars 2, so that the platforms 3' of the bars 2 'lie in the same plane as the bars 1. It is also possible to buckle the bars 2' in the same direction like the buckling of the lattice bars 2, whereby the lattice becomes more bulky in the z direction. In the previously described grids according to FIGS. 4 and 5, it is also possible to buckle the grating webs 2 to one or the other side of the grating. 7 follows directly from the grid

Fig. E. If one considers the grid according to FIG. 6 as "deep-drawn from a perforated square plate", the grid according to FIG. 7 results directly if the perforated fields are not punched out, but rather only slotted and in the appropriate diagonal then included in the deep-drawing shaping in such a way that the alternating up and down ge of the nodes, combined with a 45 ° inclination of the webs, automatically results in a vertical position of the folded triangular surfaces 4. This shape brings about an extraordinary stiffening of the webs 2, 2 'against kinking failure under external load. If certain deviations from this ideal geometry are permitted, then this lattice is still considerably more spatially formable than expanded metal. In addition, because of its dimensions in the z direction, it is particularly suitable for producing extremely light and bulge-resistant flat plates and spatially curved shells in a so-called sandwich construction, since this grille can also be very well stuck to with an external and / or inner skin, which can also have perforations or consist only of strips.

Since, like the lattice according to FIG. 6, it has a pronounced top and bottom or inside and outside, there are good design options. A practically identical strength behavior of the two sides can be achieved by pasting them differently. This results in the particularly interesting field of application of the corrugated cardboard known per se. As is known, these cardboard boxes have a pronounced "orthotropic" kinking behavior, due to their design, in the direction of the intermediate layer waves, i.e. in e.g. x-direction is a clear one, which is also advantageous for cardboard shaping

CORRECTED SHEET (REGEL91)

ISA / EP Willingness to rectilinear buckling, but in the y-direction an in many cases undesirable, sometimes even disadvantageous buckling stiffness with irregular fold formation. Corrugated cardboard with an intermediate layer according to a grid according to FIGS. 6 or 7, on the other hand, has an absolutely identical, defined readiness to kink in both directions. This readiness to kink in both directions leads to advantages not only in the field of cardboard manufacture, but even more in the field of reuse of corrugated cardboard, since the "on-site individual production" of made-to-measure packaging from well-preserved used material considerably is simplified.

As already mentioned, the grids according to FIGS. 4 to 7 can be glued on one or both sides, either continuously or partially, either before or after molding. In contrast to the widespread hexagonal honeycomb sandwich components (honey comb sandwiches), the plates and shells constructed in this way, which due to their design are “closed-pore”, that is to say non-aerated, have excellent “aeration”. The grids according to FIGS. 4 to 7 thus also enable a particularly light and rigid, and also particularly flat, also integrally formed, that is to say spatially curved, construction of built-in tanks and storage containers. If such containers with a grid type according to FIG. 7 are stiffened, the folding triangles 4, which function excellently as baffles, must however have through openings, since otherwise "closed pores" result.

Particularly advantageous for permeable, open-pore designs is a square-patterned perforation of the starting material with relatively small hole diameters, which then acts along the rows of holes and also diagonally as a perforated bending line specification and bending aid.

CORRECTED SHEET (RULE 91)

ISA / EP

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS:

1. Lattice, in particular flat lattice (lattice mat), made of metal (such as expanded metal), paper, cardboard or plastic, with lattice nodes, from which lattice webs run to neighboring lattice nodes, characterized in that at least some of the lattice webs undulate between the lattice nodes , are meandered or zigzag-shaped or bent and they are stretchable or compressible by applying external forces.

2. Grid according to claim 1, characterized in that the grid webs in the grid plane (x / y plane) are bent out or bent out.

3. Lattice according to claim 1 or 2, characterized g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that it is formed from ordinary stretch material in which individual grid nodes (la) are separated by a separating cut (lc) transverse to the conventional "stretch cut" (ld).

4. Grid according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is constructed from one another and / or superimposed wavy, meandering or zigzag-shaped bent wire or Bandmate¬ rial strands (5,6; 5 ', 6'), the Touching (8) or crossing points (8 ') form lattice nodes, some of which are firmly connected (clamped, riveted, glued, welded, soldered, etc.) while others are loose or separated.

5. Lattice according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that every third lattice knot (lb) of a row of stitches is firmly connected from row of stitches to row of stitches.

6.Lattice according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that the lattice webs are bent out or bent out of the lattice plane (i.e. in the z direction), on one or both sides of the lattice plane.

7. Lattice according to claim 6, characterized in that the lattice webs are triangularly and / or trapezoidally bent out of the lattice plane.

8. Lattice according to claim 7, characterized in that the buckling points in turn form lattice nodes and are connected by lattice webs which are bent out according to the same or to the opposite lattice side.

9. Lattice according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the lattice webs are designed as flat lattice strips rising from the lattice plane.

10. Grid according to claim 9, characterized in that the grid strips are stiffened by folded triangular surfaces.