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WO1996018119A1 - Procede pour prevoir un tremblement de terre a partir de signaux precurseurs - Google Patents

Procede pour prevoir un tremblement de terre a partir de signaux precurseurs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996018119A1
WO1996018119A1 PCT/US1994/014052 US9414052W WO9618119A1 WO 1996018119 A1 WO1996018119 A1 WO 1996018119A1 US 9414052 W US9414052 W US 9414052W WO 9618119 A1 WO9618119 A1 WO 9618119A1
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Prior art keywords
time
earthquake
signal
electromagnetic signal
determining
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Application number
PCT/US1994/014052
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English (en)
Inventor
David F. Farnsworth
Original Assignee
Farnsworth David F
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Farnsworth David F filed Critical Farnsworth David F
Priority to PCT/US1994/014052 priority Critical patent/WO1996018119A1/fr
Priority to AU13366/95A priority patent/AU1336695A/en
Publication of WO1996018119A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996018119A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/01—Measuring or predicting earthquakes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to forecasting the magnitude, location, depth and timing of an earthquake by the acquisi- tion and interpretation of extremely low frequency acoustic, seismic and electromagnetic signals which precede it.
  • Another method of forecasting is to measure accumulated ground strain as an indication of impending energy release due to the inexorable sliding or subductive motion of the underlying plates. In order for this indicator to give more than a gross estimate of time, location, or even magnitude of an eventual earthquake, many details about the physics of the plates and the convective mantle processes which drive them, as well as the local physical properties of the crust, would need to be better known. See f e.g. f Ibid, at 180-86.
  • Another method of forecasting is to simply map the locations and energies of past earthquakes to determine a probability of future occurrence. An obvious difficulty with this method is that it neglects completely the time variable.
  • VAN method discusses a method of forecasting known in the art as the "VAN method, " developed by three Greek scientists whose initials form the acronym.
  • the method consists of continuously recording telluric currents using a network of monitoring stations which cover a particular region. These currents move in sheets of electricity, in the soil, close to the surface of the earth. By using two buried electrodes, one oriented north-south and the other east- west, a station is believed to acquire a SES (seismic electrical signal) that "always seems to precede an earthquake.”
  • SES spontaneous electrical signal
  • the intensity of the signal is thought to be proportional to the predicted magnitude of the earthquake, and inversely proportional to its distance from the station.
  • the SES signal is believed to manifest as a sudden deviation, either negative or positive, in the otherwise relatively stable value of telluric current. These deviations are on the order of millivolts, and are known to be confounded by noise for less energetic or more distant quakes. Because, by this method, only the distance to the forecasted earthquake may be determined, at least three stations, separated by appropriate distances, are necessary to triangulate the location of a forecasted earthquake. An exception results from a station's having received an SES from a particular area, which is thought to calibrate that station to earthquakes from that region, so that only one station is thought to be necessary to monitor activity at that location.
  • the present invention provides a method for forecasting an earthquake from precursor signals which solves the afore ⁇ mentioned problems and meets the aforementioned need by employing characteristic first electromagnetic, seismically induced second electromagnetic, seismically induced mechanical, and infrasonic acoustic signals which have been observed to precede an earthquake.
  • the method for fore ⁇ casting an earthquake according to the present invention comprises measuring and interpreting four kinds of precursive signals: infrasonic first electromagnetic signals in the frequency range of zero to 10 Hz, seismically induced second electromagnetic signals in the frequency range zero to one Hz, seismically induced mechanical signals in the same frequency range, and infrasonic acoustic waves in the frequency range of zero to 10 Hz travelling in the atmosphere.
  • Naturally occurring first electromagnetic signals in the range of zero to 10 Hz are found normally to exhibit a relatively flat baseline which includes a characteristic noise.
  • distinctive first electromagnetic signals indicative of impending earthquake activity are received up to five weeks in advance of the earthquake. These signals arrive serially in time, each signal exhibiting a charac- teristic fast transition (either positive or negative) from the baseline, followed by a first peak and a second peak, for quakes that are sufficiently distant from the location of signal receipt, within a few seconds, followed further by a substantially exponential decay toward a baseline, and followed still further by a steadily increasing variation from the baseline referred to herein as ringing.
  • the time of first receipt of the signals provides a first time forecast of the earthquake.
  • the time of cessation of the signals provides a second time forecast of the earthquake.
  • the time between the first peak and the second peak (when available) is relatable to the distance to an impending earthquake, and the time from the first transition of the signal to its substantial decay is relatable to the depth of the impending earthquake.
  • the amplitude of the signal is relatable to the magnitude of the impending earthquake.
  • the ringing is observed to increase over time and, when Fourier or otherwise spectrally transformed to reveal frequency content, reveals a pronounced spectral peak which is observed over time to grow steadily in amplitude, centered at a frequency which is relatable to the latitude of the impending earthquake, and having a maximum amplitude which is relatable to the magnitude of the impending earthquake.
  • the ringing when analyzed for phase content provides a phase fluctuation, at the center frequency of the spectral peak, which is relatable to the longitude of the impending earthquake.
  • the time of first receipt of the seismically induced second electromagnetic signal provides a third forecast of the time of the earthquake, and the time of cessation of the signal provides a fourth forecast of the time of the earthquake.
  • transducer buried in the earth substantially 500 miles or less for a transducer having lOV/g, from the site of the impending earthquake, adapted to convert mechanical motion to electrical signals, which produces an electrical signal in response to a seismically induced mechanical signal, but at an increased resolution.
  • Infrasonic acoustic waves measured at the site of the impending earthquake located by analysis of the electromagnetic signals provide a fifth and sixth forecast of the time of the earthquake. Therefore, it is a principle object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved method for forecasting of an earthquake.
  • Figure 1 is a flow diagram showing an overview of a method for determining the location, magnitude and timing of an impending earthquake according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an exemplary representation of the amplitude in millivolts of a characteristic electromagnetic signal precursive of an earthquake measured with respect to time according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a representation of the amplitude in microvolts of the frequency spectrum of a first portion of the electromagnetic signal of Figure 1, according to the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a representation of the amplitude in microvolts of the frequency spectrum of a second portion of the electromagnetic signal of Figure 1, according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an exemplary representation of the phase of the second portion of the electromagnetic signal of Figure 4 as a function of frequency, according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of a method according to the present invention, to verify the likelihood of an impending earthquake and to provide a first time forecast of the impending earthquake.
  • Figure 7 is an exemplary representation of the development, over time, of the magnitude of a seismic signal, utilized in conjunction with the method of Figure 6.
  • Figure 8 is a flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of a method according to the present invention, to provide a second time forecast of an impending earthquake.
  • Figure 9 is an exemplary representation of the development, over time, of the magnitude of an infrasonic signal, utilized in the method of Figure 8.
  • a method 10 for forecasting an impending earthquake comprises acquiring a first electromagnetic signal 12 (Figure 2), at step 11, a pair of seismic signals 14 ( Figure 7) , at step 13, and an infrasonic acoustic atmospheric signal 16 ( Figure 9), at 15.
  • the seismic signals 14 include a second, seismically induced electromagnetic signal portion and a seismically induced mechanical signal portion. Both portions carry substantially the same information and will be treated alike for purposes of analysis herein.
  • Each acquisition step 12, 14 and 16 is followed by a step 18, 20 and 22, respectively, wherein the signal received in the preceding step is analyzed to provide information about the impending earthquake.
  • the impending earthquake will be defined herein as an anticipated shaking of the ground at the surface of the earth in response to underlying seismic activity which produces these precursive signals.
  • the signals 12, 14 and 16 are all preferably acquired by suitable receiving apparatus (not shown) .
  • suitable receiving apparatus for the signal 12 include that described in Farnsworth, et. al., patent application No. PCT/US94/02630, hereinafter incorporated by reference in its entirety, where adapted to eliminate through filtration frequency components of the signal 12 above substantially 10 Hz.
  • Suitable receiving apparatus for the signal 14 include that described in Farnsworth, et. al., patent application No.
  • Both sets of apparatus are adapted to respond to frequency components of the signal 14 below substantially one Hz.
  • Suitable receiving apparatus for the signal 16 are adapted to receive signals in the range of zero to 10 Hz, and preferably include a digital signal analyzer and an infrasonic microphone having a sensitivity of about 0.01 Pascals or better.
  • the first electromagnetic signal 12 is preferably received from the electrical power grid and monitored continuously; however, it may be obtained with other suitable antennae and sampled between suitable time periods without departing from the principles of the invention.
  • the first electromagnetic signal 12 is analyzed according to step 18 to provide the location, magnitude and a first and second time forecast of an impending earthquake.
  • the seismic signal 14 is determined according to step 20 to verify the materialization of the impending earthquake and to provide a third and fourth time forecast of the impending earthquake.
  • the infrasonic signal 16 is analyzed according to step 22 to provide a fifth and sixth time forecast of the impending earthquake, and may also be utilized to provide estimated magnitude and depth of the impending earthquake.
  • the step 11 of acquiring the first electromagnetic signal 12 includes locating a series of characteristic pulses 24 (only one characteristic pulse 24 is shown in Figure 2). It has been found that the series of characteristic pulses 24 are indicative of a likelihood of an impending earthquake somewhere in the world.
  • the electromagnetic signal 12 is preferably acquired by a digital signal analyzer which provides both time domain and frequency domain information and is reported in the time domain as a voltage amplitude 26, typically in millivolts, and a time 28, typically in seconds, for resolving beneficially the characteristic pulse 24.
  • the pulse 24 includes a fast transition 30, a first peak 32, a second peak 34, a decay 36 and a ringing 38.
  • the fast transition 30 is shown in Figure 2 as a rise in amplitude, i.e.
  • a positive transition may be a negative going change in amplitude, i.e. a negative transition.
  • a reduction in the absolute value of the amplitude is referred to as a fall and an increase in the absolute value of the amplitude is referred to as a rise.
  • Whether a pulse 24 rises or falls has been found to depend, at any given time, on the hemisphere of the earth in which the impending earthquake originates. Whether a pulse rises or falls determines whether the decay 36 falls or rises respectively toward the baseline.
  • the step 18 of analyzing the first electromagnetic signal comprises determining a time 39 in seconds between the first peak 32 and the second peak 34. It has been found that the time 39 is dependent upon the distance to the impending earthquake apparently due to dispersive broadening of the pulse 24 that occurs during the propagation time of the electromagnetic signal 12 within and along the earth. When corrected for this broadening, the time 39 has been found to be proportional to the distance, along the surface of the earth, to the site of the impending earthquake. Consequently, the distance along the surface of the earth to the impending earthquake is determined by multiplying the time 39 by an appropriate predetermined constant.
  • This constant has been found to vary between substantially 100 miles/second and 2400 miles/second, depending substantially proportionally upon distance, with greater distances associated with greater speeds, when the earthquake arises within the United States and the antennae is the United States power grid.
  • the second peak 34 may be arbitrarily close in time to the first peak 32, for near field earthquakes. Consequently, for filtering of the electromagnetic signal of 10 Hz, earthquakes nearer to the site of detection of the electromagnetic signal 12 than substantially 10 to 240 miles, under the conditions described above, will not be evidenced by a second peak 34, and therefore no distance forecast is provided by the aforedescribed analysis.
  • the step 18 of analyzing the electromagnetic signal further comprises determining a pulse width 43 between the time of initiation 44 of the fast transition 30 (which for purposes herein, is considered equal to the time of initiation of the first peak 32), and the time of termination 46 of a 90% decay of the decay 36. It has been found that the time 46 is 'also dependent on the distance to the impending earthquake, apparently due to dispersive broadening of the pulse 24 that occurs during the propagation time of the electromagnetic signal 12 within and along the earth. When corrected for this broadening, the pulse width 43 has been found to be proportional to the depth, below the surface of the earth, of the impending earthquake. Consequently, the depth of the impending earthquake is forecasted by multiplying the pulse width 43 by a predetermined constant calculated from empirical data.
  • the step 18 still further comprises determining a voltage amplitude 48 of the first peak 32.
  • the voltage amplitude 48 has been found to be proportional to the magnitude of the impending earthquake. The amplitude is dependent on, inter alia r the sensitivity of the monitoring equipment and attenuation of the signal 12 by the antennae. Consequently, the magnitude of the impending earthquake is forecasted by multiplying the amplitude 48 by a predetermined constant calculated from empirical data.
  • a time of first initiation (not shown) of the first electromagnetic signal 12 has been found to occur substantially five weeks or less in advance of the occurrence of the earthquake, providing a first time forecast of the earthquake.
  • the time of first initiation is the first time at which the first electromagnetic signal 12 is discernible.
  • a time of cessation (also not shown) of the first electromagnetic signal has been found to occur substantially one day in advance of the occurrence of the earthquake, providing a second time forecast of the earthquake.
  • the time of cessation is the last time at which the electromagnetic signal 12 is discernible. It has been found that the electromagnetic signal 12 substantially abruptly extinguishes itself at the time of cessation, as compared to its rate of change following its initiation.
  • the step 18 still further comprises operating upon the electromagnetic signal 12 mathematically so that it is projected onto sinusoidal basis functions, as in a Fourier transform, to provide a frequency spectrum 50.
  • the frequency spectrum 50 is reported as a voltage amplitude 52 and a frequency 54.
  • the voltage amplitude 52 is reported in microvolts and the frequency 54 is reported in the range of zero to 10 Hz.
  • the frequency spectrum 50 comprises spectral peaks 56 defined by frequencies 58 which have been found to be indicative of the latitude of earthquake sites thus monitored.
  • peaks 56 of the electromagnetic signal 12 when roughly equal to one another in amplitude 52, are not indicative of an impending earthquake, consequently the peaks 56 are non-indicative peaks.
  • the frequency 62 about which an indicative peak 60 is centered has been found to be relatable to the latitude of the impending earthquake.
  • the latitude at the rotational poles of the earth has been found to correspond substantially to 7.8 Hz, while the latitude at the equator of the earth has been found to correspond substantially to zero Hz, the dependence of frequency on latitude therebetween varying sigmoidally.
  • the latitude of the impending earthquake is forecasted by relating the frequency 62 to a corresponding predetermined value of latitude.
  • the latitude of the impending earthquake is forecasted by relating the frequency 62 to a predetermined value obtained from a look up table based an empirical data collected by monitoring over a period of time the electromagnetic signals associated with many earthquakes.
  • the look-up table is preferably encoded for use by a computer.
  • the step 18 still further comprises determining the magnitude 64 of the indicative peak 60.
  • the magnitude of the impending earthquake has been found to be proportional to the transcendental constant "e" raised to the power of the amplitude 64. Consequently, the magnitude of the impending earthquake is forecasted by multiplying "e” raised to the power of the amplitude 64 by a predetermined constant calculated from empirical data. This method of forecasting the magnitude of the impending earthquake, with respect to the aforedescribed alternative based upon analysis of the pulse 24, is considered the preferred method.
  • the step 18 still further comprises operating upon the electromagnetic signal 12 to provide a phase versus frequency spectrum 65.
  • the phase of signal 12 corresponding to the frequency 62 of the indicative peak 60 has been found to change with time. More specifically, it has been found that a magnitude 67 (which may be positive or negative) of the total phase fluctuation is proportional to the longitudinal difference in the location of the site of the impending earthquake and the location of the acquisition of the electromagnetic signal 12. Consequently, the longitudinal difference is forecasted by multiplying the magnitude 67 by a predetermined constant calculated from empirical data.
  • a longitudinal direction may be determined by measuring the phase difference between signals received by two respective antennas displaced from one another, to supplement the information provided by the phase versus frequency spectrum 65.
  • a longitudinal direction may be determined by employing a pair of directional antennae disposed to provide a set of basis vectors in the horizontal plane upon which a signal direction may be resolved, as will readily be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • electromagnetic signals arising from known locations may be seen in time, frequency or phase representations to evidence a unique signature corresponding to that location, allowing for the ascertainment of earthquake location information without employing detailed measurements and mathematical relationships between those measurements and desired parameters.
  • the aforedescribed method provides the depth, latitude and longitude of, and distance to an impending earthquake, and therefore is capable of providing redundant surface location information even while only one monitoring station is employed, less information may be acquired and well known triangulation methods used to determine the surface location of the impending earthquake without departing from the principles of the invention.
  • a second, seismically induced electromagnetic signal portion of the seismic signal 14 provides further information beneficial to the forecast of the earthquake.
  • a seismically induced mechanical signal portion of the seismic signal 14 provides the same information as the seismically induced electromagnetic signal portion, however the seismically induced mechanical portion of the signal may be discernibly received only when monitoring the signal within substantially 500 miles, for a transducer providing lOV/g, from the site of the earthquake.
  • either the second, seismically induced electromagnetic signal portion of the seismic signal 14 or the seismically induced mechanical signal portion of the seismic signal 14 may be first received at step 70.
  • a time of first initiation 72 of the seismic signal 14 is then determined at step 74 by noting the first time at which the seismic signal 14 is discernible above noise 79 ( Figure 7).
  • a time 76 is also determined at step 78 for the substantial rise of the indicative peak 60 ( Figure 3).
  • the time 72 is then compared with the time 76 at step 80. If the time 72 follows the time 76 by up to substantially three weeks, then the seismic signal 14 is verification of the materialization of the impending earthquake at the latitude determined from the frequency 62 of the indicative peak 60. Further, the time 72 has been found to occur substantially two weeks or less in advance of the occurrence of the earthquake, providing a third time forecast of the earthquake.
  • a time of cessation (not shown) of the seismic signal 14 been found to occur substantially within one hour, i.e., a few minutes up to an hour in advance of the occurrence of the earthquake, providing a fourth time forecast of the earthquake.
  • the time of cessation is the last time at which the seismic signal 14 is discernible. It has been found that the seismic signal 14 substantially abruptly extinguishes itself at the time of cessation, as compared to its rate of change following its initiation at time 72.
  • the seismic signal 14 has been found to exhibit a series of substantially sinusoidal wavelets 75 that are characteristic of an impending earthquake.
  • the wavelets 75 associated with the impending earthquake have been found to develop over time so that their amplitude 77 is seen to grow steadily above the noise 79, as shown as an enveloping pattern 81 in Figure 7.
  • This pattern may collapse at any time, by the amplitude 77 of subsequently received wavelets 75 decreasing to substantially zero, indicating that the impending earthquake will not materialize at the surface due to an alternative mode of energy release.
  • the mechanically coupled signals 19 are considered to provide better resolution, and therefore to provide better forecasting information, than the electromagnetically coupled signals 17.
  • an impending earthquake site is determined at step 82 by analysis of the electromagnetic signals 12 as described above.
  • Infrasonic acoustic signals 16 propagating in the atmosphere are then monitored at step 84 with suitable apparatus as described above.
  • a time of first receipt 86 of the infrasonic acoustic signals 16 is then determined at step 88, by noting the time at which the infrasonic acoustic signals 16 begin to exhibit a series of characteristic pulses 85 ( Figure 9).
  • the characteristic pulses 85 have been found to include features similar to those described for the electromagnetic signals 12 but without a second peak 34 ( Figure 2) because the monitoring site will not be sufficiently distant from the earthquake as has been discussed above. It has been found that the time 86 of the first receipt of the characteristic pulses 85 indicates that the impending earthquake will follow in from one to three days, providing a fifth forecast of the time of occurrence of the earthquake at step 90.
  • infrasonic signals 16 change from having frequencies in a range of zero to 10 Hz to having frequencies in the range of 20 Hz, where they will not be excluded by a low pass filter of the monitoring apparatus. Consequently, the infrasonic signals 16 will be seen to cease at a characteristic time of cessae of cessation 88, and it has been found that from this time an impending earthquake is due within eight hours plus or minus one-half hour, providing a sixth forecast of the time of occurrence of the earthquake at step 94.
  • characteristic pulses 85 of the infrasonic signals 16 include features similar to the characteristic pulses 24 of the electromagnetic signals 12 ( Figure 2), information regarding magnitude, latitude, longitude and depth of the impending earthquake is ascertainable from these signals as well in the manner described for the electromagnetic signals 12, however in a preferred embodiment, in which the infrasonic signals are measured at or near the site of the impending earthquake, the latitude and longitude information contained therein is not presently considered useful.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour prévoir un tremblement de terre à partir de signaux précurseurs en utilisant des premiers signaux électromagnétiques caractéristiques (12), des deuxièmes signaux électromagnétiques à induction sismique (14), des signaux mécaniques à induction sismique, et des signaux acoustiques infrasonores (16) qui ont été observés avant un tremblement de terre. Il est possible de dériver (18) d'un premier signal électromagnétique une magnitude, la profondeur sous la surface de la terre, la distance, la direction, la latitude, la longitude, et des première et deuxième prévisions de l'heure de survenue du tremblement de terre imminent. Il est possible de dériver (22), à partir d'un deuxième signal électromagnétique à induction sismique et du signal mécanique, des troisième et quatrième prévisions de l'heure de survenue d'un tremblement de terre imminent déterminées à partir des analyses précitées, une magnitude, la profondeur sous la surface de la terre, et des quatrième et cinquième prévisions de l'heure de survenue du tremblement de terre imminent. Ces prévisions de l'heure données par les analyses précitées s'échelonnent entre cinq semaines et pratiquement moins d'une heure avant le tremblement de terre.
PCT/US1994/014052 1994-12-06 1994-12-06 Procede pour prevoir un tremblement de terre a partir de signaux precurseurs WO1996018119A1 (fr)

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PCT/US1994/014052 WO1996018119A1 (fr) 1994-12-06 1994-12-06 Procede pour prevoir un tremblement de terre a partir de signaux precurseurs
AU13366/95A AU1336695A (en) 1994-12-06 1994-12-06 Method for forecasting an earthquake from precusor signals

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PCT/US1994/014052 WO1996018119A1 (fr) 1994-12-06 1994-12-06 Procede pour prevoir un tremblement de terre a partir de signaux precurseurs

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10217412A1 (de) * 2002-04-18 2003-10-30 Florian M Koenig Erdbebenvorhersage und Epizentrumsortung mittels Sferics-Spektrumsanalyse
GB2399640A (en) * 2003-03-17 2004-09-22 Statoil Asa A method of producing a geological survey report
US6920789B2 (en) * 2002-07-01 2005-07-26 Yokio Sakai System for watching and forecasting changes in natural phenomena and weather based on sounds from the earth
WO2010087787A3 (fr) * 2009-01-28 2011-06-23 Kurt Veysi Système de notification d'un tremblement de terre six heures à l'avance
WO2015002619A1 (fr) * 2013-07-01 2015-01-08 Kurt Veysi Système de prévision et d'avertissement précoce de tremblement de terre
CN107272061A (zh) * 2017-06-29 2017-10-20 禁核试北京国家数据中心 一种次声信号与地震事件的自动关联方法
CN114114383A (zh) * 2021-12-10 2022-03-01 北京大学深圳研究生院 一种基于多种特征的地震活动预测方法及系统

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US4884030A (en) * 1987-04-09 1989-11-28 Compagnie Generale De Geophysique Method and system for acquisition and separation of the effects of electromagnetic fields to predict earthquakes
US4904943A (en) * 1987-10-07 1990-02-27 Communications Research Laboratory Ministry Of Posts And Telecommunications Method for detecting long waves and predicting earthquakes
US5148110A (en) * 1990-03-02 1992-09-15 Helms Ronald L Method and apparatus for passively detecting the depth and location of a spatial or temporal anomaly by monitoring a time varying signal emanating from the earths surface
US5187331A (en) * 1991-03-28 1993-02-16 Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology SH wave generator
US5256974A (en) * 1991-06-27 1993-10-26 Iomega Corporation Method and apparatus for a floating reference electric field sensor
US5387869A (en) * 1991-12-26 1995-02-07 Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology, Ministry Of International Trade & Industry Apparatus for measuring transient electric earth current to predict the occurrence of an earthquake

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4612506A (en) * 1982-01-18 1986-09-16 Varotsos Panayiotis A Method of forecasting seismic activity responsive to earth currents
US4724390A (en) * 1986-03-24 1988-02-09 Rauscher Elizabeth A Non-superconducting apparatus for detecting magnetic and electromagnetic fields
US4837582A (en) * 1987-01-27 1989-06-06 Communications Research Laboratory Method and apparatus for detecting electromagnetic waves generated by the earth's crust under strain
US4884030A (en) * 1987-04-09 1989-11-28 Compagnie Generale De Geophysique Method and system for acquisition and separation of the effects of electromagnetic fields to predict earthquakes
US4904943A (en) * 1987-10-07 1990-02-27 Communications Research Laboratory Ministry Of Posts And Telecommunications Method for detecting long waves and predicting earthquakes
US5148110A (en) * 1990-03-02 1992-09-15 Helms Ronald L Method and apparatus for passively detecting the depth and location of a spatial or temporal anomaly by monitoring a time varying signal emanating from the earths surface
US5187331A (en) * 1991-03-28 1993-02-16 Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology SH wave generator
US5256974A (en) * 1991-06-27 1993-10-26 Iomega Corporation Method and apparatus for a floating reference electric field sensor
US5387869A (en) * 1991-12-26 1995-02-07 Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology, Ministry Of International Trade & Industry Apparatus for measuring transient electric earth current to predict the occurrence of an earthquake

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10217412A1 (de) * 2002-04-18 2003-10-30 Florian M Koenig Erdbebenvorhersage und Epizentrumsortung mittels Sferics-Spektrumsanalyse
US6920789B2 (en) * 2002-07-01 2005-07-26 Yokio Sakai System for watching and forecasting changes in natural phenomena and weather based on sounds from the earth
GB2399640A (en) * 2003-03-17 2004-09-22 Statoil Asa A method of producing a geological survey report
GB2399640B (en) * 2003-03-17 2007-02-21 Statoil Asa Method and apparatus for determining the nature of submarine reservoirs
US7567084B2 (en) 2003-03-17 2009-07-28 Electromagnetic Geoservices As Method and apparatus for determining the nature of submarine reservoirs
WO2010087787A3 (fr) * 2009-01-28 2011-06-23 Kurt Veysi Système de notification d'un tremblement de terre six heures à l'avance
WO2015002619A1 (fr) * 2013-07-01 2015-01-08 Kurt Veysi Système de prévision et d'avertissement précoce de tremblement de terre
CN107272061A (zh) * 2017-06-29 2017-10-20 禁核试北京国家数据中心 一种次声信号与地震事件的自动关联方法
CN107272061B (zh) * 2017-06-29 2019-02-05 禁核试北京国家数据中心 一种次声信号与地震事件的自动关联方法
CN114114383A (zh) * 2021-12-10 2022-03-01 北京大学深圳研究生院 一种基于多种特征的地震活动预测方法及系统

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