WO1996017526A1 - Liquefied diet for rotifers and artemia - Google Patents
Liquefied diet for rotifers and artemia Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996017526A1 WO1996017526A1 PCT/GR1995/000022 GR9500022W WO9617526A1 WO 1996017526 A1 WO1996017526 A1 WO 1996017526A1 GR 9500022 W GR9500022 W GR 9500022W WO 9617526 A1 WO9617526 A1 WO 9617526A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- diet
- rotifers
- artemia
- water
- emulsion
- Prior art date
Links
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 241001247197 Cephalocarida Species 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 241000238582 Artemia Species 0.000 abstract description 14
- 241000238569 Artemia sp. Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000700106 Brachionus Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000031513 cyst Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001501885 Isochrysis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009343 monoculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930186217 Glycolipid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021405 artificial diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005058 diapause Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001325 yolk sac Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
Definitions
- the feeding schedule of the marine fish larva can be described as following: In the early stages of its life marine larva is fed by rotifers (50-300 ⁇ m) and later by newly hatched Artemia of a small size (Instar 1 : 420 ⁇ m) and a high nutritional value. Afterwards, the newly hatched Artemia replaced by enriched Artemia (hatching + enrichment) of greater size (Instar III : 600 ⁇ m). Finally, artificial diets are used (weaning stage).
- Rotifers are cultured and nutritionally enriched into the hatchery under intensive monoculture conditions, and they are fed by phytoplankton (Chlorella, Isochrysis) which is also cultured under intensive monoculture conditions.
- Artemia is hatched from commercially available dry Artemia cysts (Instar I) or is enriched after hatching (Instar III), prior to be fed to the marine larva.
- phytoplankton Chlorella or Isochrysis
- yeast-based artificial microdiets fairly rich in (n-3) Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids
- emulsified diets rich in (n-3) Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids [specifically in EPA, 20:5 (n-3) & DHA, 22 : 6 (n3)] are used.
- the new diet in which we refer is used for all the three previously mentioned applications, for the culture of rotifers, the enrichment of rotifers and the enrichment of Artemia .
- a daily dose of 5-10 ppm in the culture of rotifers in combination with phytoplankton promotes significantly (20-30%) the growth rate of rotifers in relation to the control (phytoplankton exclusively).
- the uniqueness of the new diet in which we refer, in relation to the competitive commmercial ones, can be described as follows : It is a liquid, oily diet with a relatively strong red color (due to its carotenoid content) and a characteristic smell.
- Triglycerides of Fatty Acids rich in EPA and DHA 10-30%
- the pre-emulsion stage increases the stability of the diet and there is no need to keep it refrigerated during its storage (as the emulsions required). Also.the diet does not contain any kind of preservatives and practically it has a very long self - life (guarantee for at least two years from the production date).
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
A diet for the culture of rotifers (Brachionus plicatillis) and the enrichment of rotifers and Artemia (Artemia sp.), prior to be fed to the marine fish or crustacean larvae in the intensive marine hatcheries. The above-mentioned diet has a liquefied, oily form and consists of particles with size of 1-4 νm, ideal for its consumption by the above zooplanktonic organisms. Moreover, the above diet consists of a high nutritional value, in a super concentrated pre-emulsion form, practically water free (moisture content: 1 % max.). This can be easily transformed in a completely water soluble emulsion oil/water with the addition of adequate water (> 120 %) and its proper homogenization in a kitchen blender in a medium speed for 3-5 minutes. Consequently, the above mentioned diet in a pre-emulsion stage consists of a unique invention with all the advantages, which we previously referred to in detail.
Description
LIQUIFIED DIET FOR ROTIFERS AND ART EMI A.
In marine aquaculture farms, the procedure of the production of fry can be described in general as following :
The good quality, fertilized eggs collected carefully from the broodstock and placed in special equiped tanks for hatching.The newly hatched larva in its initial stage is fed up first by its yolk sac and later by zooplanktonic organisms such as rotifers or Artemia.
In the rotifer stage, which is the most critical for the survival and development of the larva, the reception of an exceptional quality (rotifers with an excellent nutritional value) and quantity (an adequate concentration of rotifers into the larva rearing tank) of food is a necessity.
The feeding schedule of the marine fish larva can be described as following: In the early stages of its life marine larva is fed by rotifers (50-300 μm) and later by newly hatched Artemia of a small size (Instar 1 : 420 μm) and a high nutritional value. Afterwards, the newly hatched Artemia replaced by enriched Artemia (hatching + enrichment) of greater size (Instar III : 600μm). Finally, artificial diets are used (weaning stage).
Rotifers are cultured and nutritionally enriched into the hatchery under intensive monoculture conditions, and they are fed by phytoplankton (Chlorella, Isochrysis) which is also cultured under intensive monoculture conditions.
On the contrary, Artemia is hatched from commercially available dry Artemia cysts (Instar I) or is enriched after hatching (Instar III), prior to be fed to the marine larva.
Nowadays, for the culture of rotifers pure phytoplankton cultures are used (eg. Chlorella),whereas for the mass culture of rotifers a combination of phytoplankton (Chlorella) and baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is needed.
For the enrichment of rotifers, phytoplankton ( Chlorella or Isochrysis) or yeast-based artificial microdiets, fairly rich in (n-3) Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids, are used.
Finally, for the enrichment of Δrlfiiuia, emulsified diets rich in (n-3) Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids [specifically in EPA, 20:5 (n-3) & DHA, 22 : 6 (n3)] are used.
The new diet in which we refer, is used for all the three previously mentioned applications, for the culture of rotifers, the enrichment of rotifers and the enrichment of Artemia .
Specifically, a daily dose of 5-10 ppm in the culture of rotifers in combination with phytoplankton, promotes significantly (20-30%) the growth rate of rotifers in relation to the control (phytoplankton exclusively).
Moreover, 10-20 ppm daily in rotifers mass cultures in combination with baker's yeast and phytoplankton, promotes significantly (>30%) the growth rate of rotifers in relation to the control (phytoplankton + yeast).
Furthermore, 50-100 ppm for the enrichment of rotifers 6-8 h prior to be fed to the marine fish larvae, increase significantly the nutritional value of rotifers.
Finally, 300-500 ppm fpr the enrichment of Artemia 12-24 h prior to be fed to the marine fish larvae, increase significantly the nutritional value of the Artemia.
Consequently, as a result of all these, we have an increased survival, development, growth rate and quality (stress resistance) of the marine fish or shrimp larvae produced.
The uniqueness of the new diet in which we refer, in relation to the competitive commmercial ones, can be described as follows : It is a liquid, oily diet with a relatively strong red color (due to its carotenoid content) and a characteristic smell.
It is a highly nutritional value microdiet in a pre-emulsion form, which can be easily transformed to a water soluble emulsion with the addition of water and with the proper homogenization into a kitchen blender for 3-5 minutes.
It contains 1.08 X 10 particles per gram with a diameter of 1-4 μm, ideal as a food for the above mentioned zooplanktonic organisms rotifers and Artemia.
Its composition can be described as f ollowing :
Selective marine oils rich in (n-3) Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids : 50-60%
Triglycerides of Fatty Acids rich in EPA and DHA : 10-30%
Phospholipids & Glycolipids : 4-10%
E ulsifiers & Stabilizers : 10-20%
Growth promotors : 1-5%
Vitamins : 1-3%
Others : 0,5-1%
The fact that the above diet is in a pre-emulsion stage, makes this diet more concentrated (as it contains no water).
Furthermore, ingredients which are normally activated with water and for this reason cannot be included to the formulation of usual emulsions, now they can easily incorpqrated to the above mentioned pre-emulsion diet and make it more nutritional.
Moreover, the pre-emulsion stage increases the stability of the diet and there is no need to keep it refrigerated during its storage (as the emulsions required). Also.the diet does not contain any kind of preservatives and practically it has a very long self - life (guarantee for at least two years from the production date).
Finally, the above mentioned diet is very economical in its use, due to the fact that the packing and transportation expenses are significantly reduced (>30) because of its super-consentrated form, as well as the reduced doses required for the culture of rotifers (5-20 ppm), the enrichment of rotifers (50-100 ppm) and the enrichment of Artemia (300-
500 ppm).
In order to understand better the pre-emulsion stage that we mentioned previously, we can resemble this stage as a deactive, sleeping condition of diapause of the Artemia cysts. So, in order to activate the product - which is in the same deactive condition as the Artemia cysts - the addition of
adequate water is necessary. In this way, the above deactive, oily form is transformed into a stable oil/water emulsion which contains particles of 1-4 μm in diameter, suitable as to be eaten by the previously mentioned zooplanktonic organisms.
Claims
1. A liquified, oily zooplanktonic diet of a high nutritional value with a particle size of 1-4 μm in diameter, suitable for the culture of rotifers (B. plicatiilis) and the enrichment of both rotifers and Artemia, prior to be fed to the marine fish or crustacean larva in the intensive marine hatcheries.
2. A high quality, super-consentrated diet in the form of a pre-emulsion stage,practical water free (moisture content :1% max),which can be easily transformed to a water soluble oil/water emulsion with the addition of adequate water (>120%) and its proper homogenization in a kitchen blender for 3-5 minutes in the medium speed.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR94100547 | 1994-12-09 | ||
| GR940100547 | 1994-12-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996017526A1 true WO1996017526A1 (en) | 1996-06-13 |
Family
ID=10941645
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GR1995/000022 WO1996017526A1 (en) | 1994-12-09 | 1995-11-07 | Liquefied diet for rotifers and artemia |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GR (1) | GR1001987B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996017526A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GR1003200B (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 1999-09-01 | Emulsion for the enrichment of animal plankton organisms | |
| WO2001050884A1 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2001-07-19 | Baldur Hjaltason | Marine lipid composition for feeding aquatic organisms |
| WO2001050883A3 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2002-01-10 | Baldur Hjaltason | Rearing of aquatic species with dha-rich prey organisms |
| WO2002078463A1 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-10 | Mississippi State University | A micro-particulate microbound diet for the culture of larval fish and crustaceans |
| US6789502B2 (en) | 2000-01-14 | 2004-09-14 | Baldur Hjaltason | Cultivation of dha-rich prey organisms for aquatic species |
| RU2307505C1 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-10-10 | Любовь Демьяновна Шаманская | Agent for controlling of suctorial insects and method for production thereof |
| JP2019000037A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2019-01-10 | クロレラ工業株式会社 | Fish farming method, chlorella production method and rotifer production method |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5440197A (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1979-03-28 | Oriental Yeast Co Ltd | Bait for zooplankton |
| JPS5712937A (en) * | 1980-06-28 | 1982-01-22 | Oriental Yeast Co Ltd | Culturing of fine animal |
| FR2572625A1 (en) * | 1984-11-07 | 1986-05-09 | Univ Languedoc | Compound food for aquatic animals and methods and devices for raising fish larvae |
| EP0222169A1 (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-05-20 | The Nisshin Oil Mills, Ltd. | Feedstuff for artemia |
| JPH03123449A (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-05-27 | Nippon Suisan Kaisha Ltd | Bait organism for fingerling and raising method of fingerling |
| WO1992016115A1 (en) * | 1991-03-14 | 1992-10-01 | Sildolje- Og Sildemelindustriens Forskningsinstitutt | Feed and process for production thereof |
-
1994
- 1994-12-09 GR GR940100547A patent/GR1001987B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-11-07 WO PCT/GR1995/000022 patent/WO1996017526A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5440197A (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1979-03-28 | Oriental Yeast Co Ltd | Bait for zooplankton |
| JPS5712937A (en) * | 1980-06-28 | 1982-01-22 | Oriental Yeast Co Ltd | Culturing of fine animal |
| FR2572625A1 (en) * | 1984-11-07 | 1986-05-09 | Univ Languedoc | Compound food for aquatic animals and methods and devices for raising fish larvae |
| EP0222169A1 (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-05-20 | The Nisshin Oil Mills, Ltd. | Feedstuff for artemia |
| JPH03123449A (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-05-27 | Nippon Suisan Kaisha Ltd | Bait organism for fingerling and raising method of fingerling |
| WO1992016115A1 (en) * | 1991-03-14 | 1992-10-01 | Sildolje- Og Sildemelindustriens Forskningsinstitutt | Feed and process for production thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| C.A. LEMM ET AL.: "Survival and growth of larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis) fed Artemia enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA)", AQUACULTURE, vol. 99, no. 1/2, AMSTERDAM, NL, pages 117 - 126 * |
| DATABASE WPI Week 7918, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 79-34538B * |
| DATABASE WPI Week 8209, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 82-16701E * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 15, no. 324 (C - 0859) 19 August 1991 (1991-08-19) * |
| TAKESHI WATANABE ET AL.: "Improvement of dietary value of live foods for fish larvae by feeding them on omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins", BULLETIN OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF SCIENTIFIC FISHERIES, vol. 49, no. 3, JP, pages 471 - 479 * |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GR1003200B (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 1999-09-01 | Emulsion for the enrichment of animal plankton organisms | |
| EP0992196A1 (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-04-12 | Georgios Petsalis | Enrichment emulsion for zooplankton organisms |
| WO2001050884A1 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2001-07-19 | Baldur Hjaltason | Marine lipid composition for feeding aquatic organisms |
| WO2001050883A3 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2002-01-10 | Baldur Hjaltason | Rearing of aquatic species with dha-rich prey organisms |
| US6789502B2 (en) | 2000-01-14 | 2004-09-14 | Baldur Hjaltason | Cultivation of dha-rich prey organisms for aquatic species |
| US6959663B2 (en) | 2000-01-14 | 2005-11-01 | Baldur Hjaltason | Rearing of aquatic species with DHA-rich prey organisms |
| US7063855B2 (en) | 2000-01-14 | 2006-06-20 | Baldur Hjaltason | Composition for feeding prey organisms in aquaculture |
| CN100379357C (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2008-04-09 | 博德·哈塔森 | marine lipid composition for feeding aquatic organisms |
| WO2002078463A1 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-10 | Mississippi State University | A micro-particulate microbound diet for the culture of larval fish and crustaceans |
| US6645536B2 (en) | 2001-03-29 | 2003-11-11 | Mississippi State University | Micro-particulate microbound diet for the culture of larval fish and crustaceans |
| RU2307505C1 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-10-10 | Любовь Демьяновна Шаманская | Agent for controlling of suctorial insects and method for production thereof |
| JP2019000037A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2019-01-10 | クロレラ工業株式会社 | Fish farming method, chlorella production method and rotifer production method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GR1001987B (en) | 1995-10-11 |
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