WO1996016261A1

WO1996016261A1 - New engine with new pheripheral or orbital crankshaft

Info

Publication number: WO1996016261A1
Application number: PCT/ES1995/000127
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jorge Mulet Oliver
Original assignee: Jorge Mulet Oliver
Priority date: 1994-11-21
Filing date: 1995-11-16
Publication date: 1996-05-30
Also published as: ES2116178A1; ES2116178B1

Abstract

The new engine operates in the cycles of 2 and 4 strokes in explosion or internal combustion systems, effecting the cycles in 90° or 180° of crankshaft rotation, respectively. It is comprised of a fixed body (1) and four cylinders (3) in a quadrangular arrangement with both pistons (4) and rods (5) distributed, like the extremities of the bent arms of a gammadion, till they connect and are associated by means of ball bearings (11) to two facing crowns (28, 29), backed to and integral with the flywheel (13); the two half-shafts (14 and 19) emerge from the faces of the flywheel and form the crankshaft (12) which is situated backed laterally to the fixed body (1) which houses in the central cylindrical cavity (2) the semi tubular half-shaft (14) which traverses it up to the front face through which the fuel mixture is sucked, and wherein are arranged the carburator or carburation element, the spark plugs, the exhaust manifold and screws and nuts which fix the crankcase (21); the motor half-shaft (19) comes out through the center of the crankcase bearing on the ball bearing integral with the crankcase.

Description

96/16261 PCI7ES95 / 00127

NEW ENGINE WITH NEW PERIPHYLICAL OR ORIGITAL CRANKSHAFT.- DESCRIPTION. NEW ENGINE WITH NEW PERIPHERAL OR ORBITAL CRANKSHAFT, is an engine of new conception, as expressed in the statement of this descriptive report, mainly of explosion and internal combustion, of two and four times, of gasoline, gas-oil and others liquid and gaseous fuels, destined for stationary or portable machines and self-propelled, air, sea and land vehicles, which has been conceived and realized in a way that presents significant advantages over other similar purposes.

Currently, there are different types of two-and four-stroke explosion and internal combustion engines, which have different types of structure and different shapes, depending on the cylinder and Otto and Diesel cycle piston or rotor. triangular type w ^' an el, in such a way that such engines have hitherto present great disadvantages, because they need to complete a four-period operating cycle of 7202 3602 of angular rotation of the crankshaft respectively according to whether they are of a cylinder and piston or triangular rotor Wan type, as well as for two-stroke engines that need 3602 angular rotation of the crankshaft to complete a two-period operating cycle. Other disadvantages presented by said engines whose structuring is two and four stroke Otto and Diesel cycle and piston are: a) They are very bulky and heavy because the crankshaft and connecting rods are oversized to avoid deformations, breaks and resist the great forces and loads to which they are subjected, at the time of combustion in the upper dead center (HIS), when the piston, the connecting rod, the elbow and the crank lever arm align , forming the whole set an angle of 1802, which requires that there be angular inertia for crankshaft rotation, losing a large percentage of energy because at that moment of (íMá) the torque is zero (0) result of the force product (F) by the lever arm, which, being aligned with the

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) PC17ES95 / 00127

2 connecting rod and the piston equals zero (0) Torque ₌ ? x 0 = 0 b) That the distribution and synchronism system, of the valves with the pistons, in four-stroke engines, is composed of numerous parts such as; shafts, gear wheels, pulleys, pinions, camshafts, chains or belts. c) That the power cannot be increased without altering the diameter of the cylinder and the piston and its stroke, which requires modifying the displacement to obtain greater power. d) That the power cannot be increased by replacing only the crankshaft. e) That they waste a lot of energy, taking advantage of only 2 ^ o of the chemical energy of the gasoline consumed, said percentage appearing in the form of power available in the crankshaft, so it follows that the yield is very low.

With the new engine prototype with a new peripheral or orbital crankshaft, of interest to the Automotive industry among others, whose structure is suitable for internal combustion or combustion engines with the logical modifications of each system, proposed by the present invention and due to the special arrangement of the cylinders and the particular design of the crankshaft that constitute the engine in question, whose objective is therefore to improve performance without the need to over-dimension the crankshaft or the connecting rods, lightening the weight by suppressing parts such as :

Shafts, gear wheels, pulleys, pinions, camshafts, chains or belts, because the synchronism of the valves with the pistons is direct from the crankshaft to the valves without the need for intermediate parts, which contributes to reducing weight and volume by increasing the performance as there are fewer parts in friction and because at the time of combustion in the upper dead center (PH3. the force (F), of the gases in combustion, acts tangentially to the circle inscribed in the square formed by the longitudinal axes of four cylinders arranged squarely and consecutively perpendicular to each other and of two in two symmetrically against positions, the radius (r) of said inscribed circle being equivalent in magnitude to the crankshaft lever arm, therefore, the force acts perpendicular to the radius and the engine torque is the product of the force (F ) by the lever arm (r. of the crankshaft, in this case F xr ₌ Fr, this result being greater than the one mentioned above in section a ⁾ in which the torque in (PM3) is - F x 0 - 0, by comparison it follows that Fr is greater than FO ⁽ Q) _t for which reason that said engine with a new peripheral or orbital crankshaft greatly improves the performance with respect to the conventional engine.

Other advantages of said motor with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft are: a) to cycle four two needs perio¬ _{3602 0 1802} angular rotation of the crankshaft depending figures, described by circuits deter¬ mined by Longitudinal channels formed by the grooves on opposite and paired faces of the crankshaft crowns, which correspond respectively:

12 By 3602 the figure is composed of a succesion of two curves and two against curves respectively nested by their extremities v similar to an eight of wide waist and rounded. 2 ^ By 1802 the figure is composed of a succesion of four curves of greater sector angle and four against curves of smaller sector angle, respectively joined by their extremities and similar to the silhouette of a four-hour clover. For tiempose two-stroke engines and these crowns, the two-period cycle is fulfilled at 180≤ and at 902 the angular rotation of the crankshaft respectively. b) that the power of the same engine can be modified without altering the displacement with the simple change of the crankshaft crowns. c) That it is possible to build engines of the same displacement but of different powers, separating or bringing the symmetrically parallel cylinders against each other. d) They waste little energy being the performance, very large compared to conventional engines, estimated at around 400> higher, with equal displacement. e) In the case of gas-oil or diesel internal combustion engines, the injection pump can be dispensed with, providing them with cylinder head pump injectors actuated by the corresponding cam in the intake crown.

In order to complete the description that is then to be analyzed and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, the present Descriptive Report of two plane sheets is attached, in whose figures the paths seen in front section and Profile.

In view of the aforementioned figures, it can be seen that said engine obtained by casting and machining consists of: a) A fixed (1) or stationary body which is provided with ducts of: intake, exhaust, circulation of coolant, presenting a central cylindrical bore (2) axially transverse to the fixed body and is perpendicular and equidistant from four cylinders (3) arranged quadrangularly whose longitudinal axes, contained in the same plane, form a square whose diagonals, at the point of intersection, determine the longitudinal axis of said axially transverse central cylindrical bore of the fixed body; said cylinders with their respective pistons (4) and connecting rods (5), are closed at the top by two cylinder heads (6) carrying inlet valves (7) and inlet valves ⁽ 8) provided with two wheels (9) in the tips of their tails. At the base, said cylinders have attached caps (10) with concentric perforations for guiding the connecting rods, in a rectilinear and unbalanced movement, whose heads in the form of a crosshead by two semi-diametrically opposite axes and perpendicular to the body of said connecting rods, to which two ball bearings are joined in solidarity (11), the said connecting rods leave the base of said cylinders by the concentric perforations of said covers, projecting as the bent ends of the blades of a cross won for er-lacr .- the crankshaft by means of the ball bearing sets in connecting rod heads, which are retained and sandwiched in the hollow of section and "T-shape" formed by two crowns facing and peripherally surrounding or orbitals to a portion of the fixed body ^ o established as a core, b A crankshaft ⁽ 12) consisting of a body of revolution or flywheel ⁽ 13), bearer of two opposite and paired crowns of apparently cylindrical exterior appearance, whose profile in the form of a slightly flared plate, of cuvas faces are born both concentric axes, of which one of them is a semi-tubular semi-tree ⁽ 14), which emerges from the radial surface of a cylindrical box (15 ^" > by the stepped concavity face, in whose generatrix it has holes (16., evenly distributed and communicate radially with the tubular part (17), arranged axially in coincidence with the annular throat ⁽ 18 ⁾ of section of A reed existing in said axially transverse central cylindrical hollow of the fixed body in which the semi-tubular semi-shaft is housed, the other semi-axle, is a solid semi-shaft ⁽ 19) with ribbed tip (20 ⁾ provided as a motor shaft and it exits through the crankcase ⁽ 21) through a concentric perforation.

The crowns facing and paired, are attached to the radially flat circular crown ⁽ 22) that joins the larger diameter of the flywheel to an intermediate surface of the stepped concavity face, they are externally apparently cylindrical and are faced by paths , with a stepped surface on three levels and joined by radially outer primitive surfaces, equipped with two grooves ⁽ 23) of rectangular section, determined by three U-shaped walls, determining paths of longitudinal channels that form two endless circuits composed of a succesion of four curves of greater sector angle alternately joined by their extremities to others against curves of smaller sector angle; said longitudinal channels whose parallel walls are of different heights, being those of greater height (24) bordering on the outer diameters (25) of said Primitive surfaces of a higher level of staggering, the said parallel walls constituting two tread tracks for the ball bearing sets arranged in the connecting rod heads, constituting that from each semi axes that relate such bearings, two connecting rod bodies emerge For which, on each opposite face, the primitive thickness has been reduced axially from the smaller diameter of the two crowns to the wall of smaller height (26) of the aforementioned channels, for the passage of said crank bodies, of in such a way that opposite and paired crowns form a sandwich presenting in section a hollow of section in the form of (") (27), which constitutes a receptacle for the ball bearing sets and the corresponding passage for the connecting rod bodies; the opposite and paired crowns encourage an alternative movement to the pistons by means of the connecting rods, simultaneously synchronizing the co-valves n the pistons ^to individual crowns correspond to a different function that identifies them as: intake crown (28) and exhaust crown (29), for which on the cylindrical walls, of two internal diameters of said crown-determining crowns of paths rolling (30) for the wheels provided at the ends of the valve tails, two projections are provided, by way of cams, symmetrically opposed and cylindrically altering the inside diameter, these projections are arranged synchronized with the described figure by the endless circuit determined by the longitudinal channel and in correspondence with: a) -a admission function in the admission crown, constituting the intake cams (31) b) the escape function in the crown of escape, constituting the escape cams (32).

As can be seen through the description and the drawings made, the symmetrically parallel and counter-position pistons work simultaneously fulfilling the four-period operating cycle in 1802, and to explain the operation of the engine in question, we assume that It is spinning. In order for the engine to run on its own, it is necessary that the piston travel four courses: two from top to bottom and two from bottom to top; in each of them a different characteristic operation of the four-stroke cycle occurs inside the cylinder.

First time or admission:

£ -1 piston (4) is in the upper dead center (PMS), the crankshaft (12) begins to rotate and the lower walls ⁽ 26) of the grooves (23), push the ball bearing set ( 11) connected to the connecting rod (5), starting to move the piston (4) towards the bottom dead center (PMI); at this moment, the intake cam (31) of the intake crown (28), pushes, the wheel (9) of the intake valve (7) that rotates on the raceway (30), opening said valve and allowing the gases, of the fuel mixture supplied by the carburetor, to circulate through the tubular part (17) of the semi-tubular semi-shaft (14), passing through the holes (16. to the annular throat (18) of the central hollow (2) axially transverse of the fixed body (1), where the intake channels leading to the gases aspirated by the piston, which descends, fill the cylinder, until they reach the bottom dead center (Pili), after 1/8 of angular rotation of the crankshaft the intake valve is closed Second time or compression?

-The walls of greater height (24 ⁾ , of the grooves (23), push the connecting rod (5) by means of the ball bearing set ⁽ 11), moving the piston (4) from the bottom dead center ⁽ PKI) to the top dead center (PMS), keeping the intake ⁽ 7 ⁾ and exhaust (8) valves closed, during the piston stroke, in compression, the crankshaft (12) has turned 1/8 of return. Third time or expansion:

The moment the gases are strongly compressed in the explosion chamber, the spark that ignites them jumps into the spark plug; The force of the explosion throws the piston of the (PMS) to the ⁽ Eli), being transmitted by the connecting rod (5) to the crankshaft (12) by means of the bearing set (11) that pushes on the walls of greater height (24) of the grooves (23), producing rotation of the crankshaft, during the expansion of the piston stroke, the two valves (7) and (8) have remained closed, making the crankshaft ⁽ 12) 1/8 angular rotation. Fourth time or escape.

In the fourth time, the piston (4) is in its lower dead center, the exhaust cam (32), acting on the wheel (9), opens the exhaust valve (8) and the piston, pushed by the connecting rod (5) and is by the walls of greater height (24) by means of the ball bearings (11), when going up, pushes the burned gases expelling them to the outside by the exhaust conduction. When the piston ⁽ 4) reaches the (PKS), the exhaust valve ⁽ 8) closes after 1/8 of rotation of the crankshaft (12), finishing the four-stroke cycle; all the previous phases are repeated in the same way and in the same order, while the engine is running and for parallel pairs of parallel cylinders and against positions, when said engine is four-cylinder. It is considered necessary to make this description more extensive so that anyone skilled in the art perfectly understands the idea to be patented, as well as the advantages that its industrial realization must derive.

For all this, and to avoid possible imitations, this request is presented, asking for the exclusive exploitation of the idea described, in accordance with the considerations and points that are to be claimed and which are specified in the following pages:

Claims

HüIVIiϊDICΔCIOitBS

The exclusive ownership and exploitation of 1.- MOTOR EGG WITH 1ÜJ3V0 CIGtE-., _Λ L P--.AI?JRICO U 0R3ITA characterized by, the special arrangement of the cylinders, and by the particular design of the crankshaft that constitute an engine comprising:

On the one hand, a fixed or stationary body provided with ducts of: intake, exhaust, circulation of coolant, has a central cylindrical shaft axially transverse to the fixed body and is perpendicular and equidistant from four cylinders arranged quadrangular, whose longitudinal axes contained in the same plane, form a square whose diagonals, at the point of intersection, determine the longitudinal axis of said axially transverse central cylindrical bore of the fixed body; said cylinders are arranged quadrangularly and con¬ sequentially perpendicular to each other, two by two symmetrically parallel and against positions, so that the connecting rods are distributed, tangentially to the circle inscribed in said square and directed as the bent limbs of the blades of a swastika, to link and transmit, the force of the flue gases tangentially, to the crankshaft, by means of sets of ball bearings provided in connecting rod heads »being located attached to the fixed body and peripherally surrounding a portion of said body established as a nucleus.

On the other hand, a crankshaft constituted by a body of revolution or steering wheel, bearer of two opposite crowns of apparently cylindrical external appearance, whose profile in the form of a slightly flared plate whose faces are born both concentric axes, of which one of them it is a semi - shaft tube and emerges from the super - ^f ICIE deeper radial face stepped concavity; said semi-tubular semi-shaft shaft is housed in the axially transverse central cylindrical hollow of the fixed body, such that the crankshaft is located, attached and wrapping a portion of the fixed body established as a core, keeping said peripheral crowns in place. surrounding and in orbit with respect to the core to which it is solidified by ball bearings. Said facing and paired crowns, form a sandwich in whose interior there is a circumferential (T) shaped hollow section and constitutes a receptacle for ball bearing sets in two connecting rod heads, which link and transmit the energy tangentially to the crankshaft endowing it with a rotary movement, which in turn encourages an alternative movement to two piston / connecting rod assemblies, generated by two grooves, of rectangular section by three U-shaped walls, elaborated in paths faced by the referred to crowns, determinants of paths longitudinal channels, where said sets of ball bearings are housed, whose forms describe, each, an endless circuit constituted by a succesion of circle arcs, arranged eccentrically and respectively joined by their extremities to as many arcs of complementary circuits of smaller sector angle The other semi-axis is born from the convex face and is a semi-tree solid with grooved tip, intended as a motor shaft and exits through the crankcase through a concentric perforation that communicates with a cylindrical housing in which a ball bearing is housed; Said crankcase is integral, to the frame complementary to the fixed body, by means of screws in two threaded holes, equally distributed and crowning the periphery of smaller thickness, existing in said frame. 2.- IV engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the fixed body has four cylinders, with their respective pistons, connecting rods, cylinder heads and lower connecting rods, arranged quadrangularly and consecutively perpendicular to each other, two in two symmetrically parallel and against positions, in such a way that two longitudinal axes form a square and are equidistant and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the axially transverse central cylindrical hollow of the fixed body in which the semi-tubular crankshaft is housed, so that the connecting rods, distributed and directed as the bent limbs of the blades of a swastika, transmit, to 1 crankshaft by means of the sets of ball bearings provided in connecting rod heads, the energy tangentially to the circle inscribed in said square whose radius is equivalent in magnitude to the lever arm of the crankshaft. 5 3 «- New engine with a new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that in said axially transverse central cylindrical bore of the fixed body, there is an annular throat, of a half-round section, in which four radial ducts flow into - 0 arranged for the conduction of the fuel mixture to the combustion chambers through the intake valves.

4.- rain engine with a new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that the semi-tubular crankshaft semi-axle shaft is housed in the central cylindrical hollow of the fixed body through it from the face to which said cylindrical is attached. crankshaft to the outer face of the frame where the fuel mixture draws through carburetion elements. 5.- New engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft 0 according to previous claims, characterized in that both cylinders are closed at the top by means of valve-bearing, intake and exhaust cylinder heads, equipped with wheels at the ends of the tails.

6.- Motor egg with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft ^C. according to previous claims, characterized in that each connecting rod heads carry a set of ball bearings integral to diametrically opposed axes, whose profile in the form of IT) is coupled to the peripheral and surrounding hollow in the form of (T) that the two have in section crankshaft facing crowns.

7.- New engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that the cylinders have, at their base, covers with concentric perforations for guiding the cranks in a rectilinear and unbalanced movement.

8.- New engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that the crankshaft is constituted by a body of revolution or flywheel, whose profile in the form of a slightly camping plate Panado, has two faces from which two separate concentric e.ies are born, of which one of them is a semi-solid tree with grooved tip intended as a motor tree and born from the convex face; The other semi-eie is a semi-tubular semi-shaft and is born from the stepped concavity face, emerging from the deepest radial surface of a cylindrical box provided to accommodate a ball bearing that joins, the crankshaft placing it attached , to the fixed body; said steering wheel is carried, by its face of stepped concavity, of two facing and paired crowns whose external appearance is apparently cylindrical and they are attached and secured, by means of screws, to a circular crown of radial surface that is flat extends from the periphery or larger diameter of the flywheel to the intermediate diameter or limit of the intermediate intermediate level stepping surface.

9.- New engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that in said shaft generatiz semi tubular semi THEIR INTENDED have holes, distributed equiangularme like that co _¬ munican radially with the tubular portion and are arranged in coincidence with the annular throat existing in the axially transverse central cylindrical bore of the fixed body, for the circulation of the fuel mixture. 10.- New engine with a new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that both crowns facing and paired according to grooved paths, have on each of the faces faced a stepped surface on three levels formed by: a) A groove of rectangular section of three (U) walls whose parallel walls are of different heights and whose bed is a radially intermediate surface with a lower level of staggering. b) A radially outer surface or primitive surface with a higher level of step that extends from the wall with the highest height of the groove to the largest diameter of the crown. c) A radially inner surface of intermediate step level extending from the smaller diameter of the crown to the wall of smaller height of said groove, product of having lowered the primitive surface. 11. New engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that said rectangular section groove of three (U) walls determining a longitudinal channel and whose parallel walls, of different heights, constitute two raceways for a plurality of ball bearings, provided in connecting rod heads, run along the channel that determines an endless circuit consisting of a four-curve succesion, or circle arcs, arranged eccentrically and alternately joined by its extremities to as many against complementary curves of smaller sector angle.

12.- New engine with a new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that the two opposite crowns are joined and matched by paths with higher leveling stages, forming a sandwich whose section betrays a hollow, peripheral and surrounding shape of (T), determined by two sides of staggered surfaces, constituting a receptacle for ball bearings in connecting rod heads, and the corresponding passage for connecting rod bodies. 13.- New engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that said seemingly-cylindrical crowns have, each in the inner diameter, a cylindrical wall, established as a raceway for the wheels provided at the end of two valve tails, cylindrically altered by two diametrically opposed projections that occupy anguially 45 ^s modifying the uniformity of the internal diameter cylindrically and acting as cams on the wheels that relate the valves directly to the crankshaft.

14.- New engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that the aforementioned projections are arranged in synchronization with the figure described by the aforementioned straight section groove guide three walls in (U) and in correspondence with the function of "admission" or "escape" respectively in opposite crowns. 15.- ^ New engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that said projections identify each of the crowns faced as: a) Admission crown is the one that is attached and in direct contact with the circular crown, radially flat surface exterior, of the steering wheel to which it is solidified by screws. bl Exhaust crown is the one that is attached, facing and paired, in direct contact with said admission crown to which it is fixed and solidified, by means of screws that thread the intake crown, at the wheel.

16.- New engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that in four-stroke engines the four-period cycle in 1802 of angular crankshaft rotation is fulfilled, when the figure described, by the grooves in paths facing each other ¬ das of the crowns, corresponds to an endless circuit composed of a succesion of four curves and four against curves respectively joined by their extremities; For two-stroke engines, With this same set of crowns but lacking projections in the cylindrical walls of the inner diameters of these, the two-period cycle is fulfilled in 902 ¿the angular rotation of the crankshaft.

17.- New engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that in four-stroke engines the cycle in 360 ^s of angular rotation of the crankshaft is fulfilled, when the figure described, by the grooves in opposite facing faces of the crowns, corresponds to an endless circuit composed of or- a succession of two curves of greater sector angle and two against curves of smaller sector angle, respectively joined by their extremities and having a single projection, properly synchronized, in each of the cylindrical walls, which constitute the inner diameters of the crowns, established as raceways for the Wheels provided at the end of two valve tails; For two-stroke engines, with this same set of crowns but lacking projections in the cylindrical walls of the inner diameters of these, the two-period cycle in 1802 of angular rotation of the crankshaft is fulfilled. 18. New engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that the power of the same engine can be changed without changing the displacement, changing and replacing the crowns attached to the crankshaft with others whose grooves describe figures other than crowns substituted; the figures mentioned are those described in claims 16 and 17.

19.- New engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that in a fixed body the quadrangular cylinders are arranged, two in two parallel """against positions, with their respective pistons and connecting rods distributed , like the bent extremities of the blades of a swastika, so that the force (F., produced by the combustion gases, acts perpendicular to the radius (r) and tangentially to the inscribed circle and the square formed by sen os is longitudinal of these cylinders, the torque being the product of the force (F) by the arm, of the crankshaft lever, equivalent in magnitude to the radius (r): F xr ₌ Fr, is why , the farther or further these longitudinal axes are from the center of the corresponding inscribed circle, the greater the radius and the greater the torque resulting from the product of the force by the greater radius; the motor torque being a factor of the product of the formula of the power (P = CN / 736), it turns out that the power increases without variation of the displacement """vice versa.

20.- New engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that it works in the two- and four-stroke cycles, in the internal or diesel combustion system providing it with injectors, cylinder head pump, driven by the corresponding cam in the intake crown and dispense with an injection pump.

21.- i.new engine with new peripheral or orbital crankshaft according to previous claims, characterized in that Its structure is suitable for explosion engines or internal combustion with the modifications and logical adaptations that characterize each system. 22.- New engine with new peripheral signal or oroittal, as described in the body of this report, claims and summary, consists of 17 pages typed on one side and two drawings.