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WO1996015682A1 - Fodder and drinking water additive for improving the resistance to stress and immunity of useful animals - Google Patents

Fodder and drinking water additive for improving the resistance to stress and immunity of useful animals Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996015682A1
WO1996015682A1 PCT/AT1995/000224 AT9500224W WO9615682A1 WO 1996015682 A1 WO1996015682 A1 WO 1996015682A1 AT 9500224 W AT9500224 W AT 9500224W WO 9615682 A1 WO9615682 A1 WO 9615682A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drinking water
feed
water additive
vitamin
immunity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT1995/000224
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Erich Erber
Original Assignee
Ing. Erich Erber Kommanditgesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ing. Erich Erber Kommanditgesellschaft filed Critical Ing. Erich Erber Kommanditgesellschaft
Priority to EP95936377A priority Critical patent/EP0740509A1/en
Priority to PL95315570A priority patent/PL315570A1/en
Priority to BR9506556A priority patent/BR9506556A/en
Priority to SK892-96A priority patent/SK89296A3/en
Priority to AU38352/95A priority patent/AU3835295A/en
Priority to KR1019960703933A priority patent/KR100218977B1/en
Priority to JP8516376A priority patent/JPH11514205A/en
Publication of WO1996015682A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996015682A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y111/00—Oxidoreductases acting on a peroxide as acceptor (1.11)
    • C12Y111/01—Peroxidases (1.11.1)
    • C12Y111/01007—Peroxidase (1.11.1.7), i.e. horseradish-peroxidase
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/189—Enzymes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
    • C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
    • C12Y302/01017—Lysozyme (3.2.1.17)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a feed or drinking water additive for improving the stress resistance and immunity of livestock containing lysozyme.
  • DE-Al-39 34 010 has already disclosed a preparation which can be used in animal breeding and contains the enzyme lysozyme, vitamins, antioxidants and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, and a process for producing the same, with which the occurrence of diseases is to be avoided.
  • Feed or drinking water additives to improve the immunity of farm animals have been investigated and tested for a long time in order to minimize or alleviate, in particular, stresses on the immune system of the organism which occur during the stress phases of farm animals.
  • Particularly stressful loads in young animals are the time of weaning in the case of piglets and regrouping or overloaded transport or feed changes in the calf fattening.
  • Any chronic illness or persistent trauma also stresses the organism of the farm animals as a stress factor and reduces their performance. During such stress phases, the organism of the animals is significantly stressed, although at any other time the animal can be in a hidden defense weakness and thus be particularly sensitive to the action of both potentially pathogenic and pathogenic germs and other noxious agents .
  • factor diseases can gain a foothold at this time and there can be a direct performance depression in farm animals, which means a not insignificant economic loss for the animal owner.
  • attempts are being made mainly to counter the stress or disease factors in the critical phases of livestock husbandry, such as weaning of piglets or the first days of life of young chickens, by the prophylactic or methaphylactic administration of bacteriocidal antibiotics.
  • bacteriocidal antibiotics in particular for the removal of the growth-inhibited bacteria for bacteriostats and Che otherapeutics a priori a functioning defense system is presupposed, which naturally is not always present during increased stress phases of livestock.
  • the use of antibiotics also has the disadvantage that after the administration of antibiotics there are waiting times which must be observed before an animal can be fed into food production.
  • the statutory waiting times relate to the metabolism of healthy animals and it is self-evident that the metabolism of a sick animal, which deviates or fluctuates greatly from that of a healthy animal, is often unable to do so completely break down the antibiotics within the specified waiting times. Increased, precise residue controls must therefore be carried out in order to ensure that food derived from animals cannot pose a risk to the consumer.
  • the invention therefore aims to provide an improved feed or drinking water additive for improving the stress resistance and immunity of livestock containing lysozyme, with which it is possible to keep livestock in times of increased stress without the administration of antibiotics and at the same time to achieve an improved immunity and an increased performance of the farm animals solely by the addition of the feed or drinking water additive according to the invention.
  • the feed or drinking water additive according to the invention for improving the immunity of farm animals essentially consists in that the feed or drinking water additive consisting of lysozyme and / or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as the main component and a peroxidase-containing substance, in particular horseradish peroxidase.
  • the feed or drinking water additive according to the invention consists of lysozyme and / or its pharmaceutically unobjectionable salts as the main constituent and a substance containing peroxydis results from the synergism of the two components of the feed or drinking water additive has a greater effect than could be expected from the individual effects of the two substances. This is particularly important because, to date, no broad basis for therapeutic lysozyme use has been found, since the enzyme is only a factor in the system of unspecific or indigenous resistance. Each of these factors, to which, for example, lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase also belong, has only a limited activity and the more factors of this system are present, the more efficient their action is.
  • the further added peroxidase-containing substance in particular the horseradish peroxidase, which belongs together with the lactoperoxidase and other peroxidases to a group of enzymes which catalyzes the formation of the oxidative oxygen compounds, enhances the action of lysozyme alone via the Single effect beyond.
  • peroxidase-containing substance in particular the horseradish peroxidase, which belongs together with the lactoperoxidase and other peroxidases to a group of enzymes which catalyzes the formation of the oxidative oxygen compounds
  • Lysozyme or other hydrolases inactivate bacteria and their products as well as other pathogens through hydrolytic attacks. This mechanism is preferred by macrophages.
  • Bacteria are oxidatively attacked by peroxidases (NADPH oxidase, superoxide disase, myeloperoxidase, etc.), the enzymatic apparatus of neutrophil granulocytes in particular being based on this inactivation mechanism.
  • NADPH oxidase superoxide disase
  • myeloperoxidase etc.
  • the drinking water additive preferably additionally contains one or more of the vitamins selected from the group vitamin N A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B, vitamin C, nicotinamide, Ca-D pantothenate.
  • vitamins selected from the group vitamin N A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B, vitamin C, nicotinamide, Ca-D pantothenate.
  • the feed or drinking water additive particularly preferably contains vitamin E in an amount of 5 to 50 g / kg additive. From Vita ⁇ min E numerous effects are known which favor the overall well-being of living beings.
  • Vitamin E as a fat-soluble, intercellular antioxidant, is primarily involved in the stabilization of unsaturated fatty acids by preventing the formation of toxic lipoperoxides. Vitamin E also represents an important protective factor for blood vessels and the membrane of the erythrocytes, has an effect as a physiological antioxidant and also has a number of specific vitamin functions, such as, for example, improving fertility. Vitamin E can also prevent muscle degeneration and liver necrosis and, according to the latest research results, it is also said to have a detoxifying effect. In the doses used according to the invention, vitamin E also improves immunity due to higher antibody production and increased phagocytosis. In addition, vitamin E acts in the feed additive according to the invention in particular as a physiological antioxidant and it supports in particular the action of lysozyme in that it forms a reductive environment for the lysozyme in which it can develop its full effectiveness.
  • the feed or drinking water additive preferably further contains lactoferrin and / or plant extracts, in particular extracts of Echinaceae puys. and / or Eleutherococcus and / or Baptisia and / or Rhodanid-containing plant extracts, particularly preferably in the plant extract Echinaceae puys., Eleutherococcus and Baptisia in a ratio of 1: 2: 1.
  • lactoferrin and / or plant extracts in particular extracts of Echinaceae puys. and / or Eleutherococcus and / or Baptisia and / or Rhodanid-containing plant extracts, particularly preferably in the plant extract Echinaceae puys., Eleutherococcus and Baptisia in a ratio of 1: 2: 1.
  • the rhodanide-containing plant extracts such as Sinigri ⁇ , can be obtained from Semen Siapis nigrae, among others.
  • lactoferrin an iron-binding protein, additionally contained in the feed or drinking water additive has a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect.
  • lactoferrin is therefore able to kill certain bacteria, and on the other hand, lactoferrin competes with bacteria for iron available in the organism, as a result of which the iron-binding activity inhibits the growth of absorbed bacteria and results in the bacteriostatic effect.
  • lactoferrin is therefore able to support the antibacterial effect of lysozyme and the peroxidase, so that the overall effect of these two substances is further enhanced.
  • Lactoferrin is also a growth-promoting substance because it stimulates the incorporation of bases into DNA. For this reason, improved performance of farm animals can also be achieved by adding lactoferrin with the feed or drinking water additive according to the invention.
  • the plant extracts which are also preferably present in the feed or drinking water additive also serve to strengthen immunity and in particular make it possible to improve the overall effect of the substances contained in the feed or drinking water additive or a more general and comprehensive action of the feed - or to achieve drinking water additive.
  • the action of these plant extracts for strengthening immunity is not based on the action of a single substance, but on the action of groups of substances that can bind to receptors of immune cells, for example. This stimulates the cells to produce metabolic products that interact with other components of the immune system, so that the overall effect of the feed or drinking water additive is increased by the addition of plant extracts, in particular the extracts of Echinaceae puys. or Eleutherococcus and / or Baptisia and / or rhodanide-containing plant extracts, is increased overall.
  • the feed or drinking water additive contains, in addition to an inert carrier, 0.5 to 20% by weight lysozyme hydrochloride, 0.5 to 15% by weight horseradish peroxidase, 0.1 to 5% by weight. % Vitamin E and 0.5 to 15% by weight plant extract and lactoferrin.
  • test preparation was administered via the drinking water broiler chickens.
  • the test period was 5 weeks and 2 groups of chicks were tested, consisting of 11,200 in the test group and 16,320 chicks in the control group, all of which belonged to the Ross-208 breed and which, in addition to the fact that the test group used the feed according to the invention or drinking water was administered, otherwise kept or fattened under the same conditions.
  • test mixture was added to the drinking water and administered as follows:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a fodder and drinking water additive for improving the resistance to stress and immunity of useful animals. The additive comprises lysozyme and/or the pharmaceutically harmless salts thereof as the principal component and a peroxidase-containing substance, in particular horseradish-peroxidase.

Description

Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz zur Verbesserung der Streßresistenz und der Immunität von Nutztieren Addition of feed or drinking water to improve the stress resistance and immunity of farm animals
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz zur Verbesserung der Streßresistenz und der Immunität von Nutztieren enthaltend Lysozym.The present invention relates to a feed or drinking water additive for improving the stress resistance and immunity of livestock containing lysozyme.
Aus der DE-Al-39 34 010 ist bereits ein in der Tierzucht verwendbares, das Enzym Lysozym, Vitamine, Antioxidantien und pharmazeutisch verträgliche Träger enthaltendes Präparat sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben bekanntge¬ worden, mit welchem das Auftreten von Krankheiten vermieden werden soll.DE-Al-39 34 010 has already disclosed a preparation which can be used in animal breeding and contains the enzyme lysozyme, vitamins, antioxidants and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, and a process for producing the same, with which the occurrence of diseases is to be avoided.
Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusätze zur Verbesserung der Immunität von Nutztieren werden seit längerer Zeit unter¬ sucht und getestet, um insbesondere während der Streßphasen von Nutztieren auftretende, besondere Belastungen für das Abwehrsystem des Organismus zu mini ieren bzw. zu mildern. So sind besondere Streßbelastungen bei Jungtieren die Zeit des Absetzens bei Ferkeln und Umgruppierungen bzw. Trans¬ portüberbelastungen oder Futterumstellungen bei der Kälber- mast. Auch jede chronische Erkrankung oder jede anhaltende Traumatisierung belastet als Streßfaktor den Organismus der Nutztiere und mindert die Leistung derselben. Während der¬ artiger Streßphasen wird der Organismus der Tiere deutlich belastet, wobei sich jedoch auch zu jedem anderen Zeitpunkt das Tier in einer verdeckten Abwehrschwäche befinden kann und somit gegen die Einwirkung von sowohl potentiell patho- genen, wie pathogenen Keimen und anderen Noxen besonders empfindlich sein. Vor allem können zu diesem Zeitpunkt Fak¬ torenkrankheiten leichter Fuß fassen und es kann eine direkte Leistungsdepression bei Nutztieren eintreten, was eine nicht unbedeutende, wirtschaftliche Einbuße für den Tierhalter bedeutet. Gegenwärtig wird hauptsächlich versucht, in den kritischen Phasen der Nutztierhaltung, wie beispielsweise dem Absetzen von Ferkeln oder den ersten Lebenstagen von Junghühnern, den Streß- bzw. Erkrankungsfaktoren durch die prophylaktische bzw. methaphylaktische Verabreichung von bakterioziden Anti¬ biotika zu begegnen. Allerdings werden insbesondere für die Entfernung der wachstumsgehemmten Bakterien für Bakteriosta- tika und Che otherapeutika a priori ein funktionierendes Ab¬ wehrsystem vorausgesetzt, welches naturgemäß während erhöh- ten Belastungsphasen von Nutztieren nicht immer vorhanden ist. Der Einsatz von Antibiotika hat neben der Unsicherheit des Gesundheitszustandes des behandelten Tieres auch den Nachteil, daß nach der Verabreichung von Antibiotika Warte¬ zeiten existieren, welche eingehalten werden müssen, bevor ein Tier der Lebensmittelproduktion zugeführt werden kann. Die gesetzlich festgelegten Wartezeiten beziehen sich hiebei auf den Stoffwechsel von gesunden Tieren und es ist selbst¬ verständlich, daß der Stoffwechsel eines kranken Tieres, welcher gegenüber demjenigen eines gesunden Tieres stark ab- weicht bzw. schwankt, oftmals nicht in der Lage ist, auch nach den angegebenen Wartezeiten die Antibiotika vollständig abzubauen. Es müssen daher vermehrte, genaue Rückstandskon¬ trollen durchgeführt werden, um sicherzustellen, daß vom Tier stammende Lebensmittel keine Gefährdung des Konsumenten darstellen können.Feed or drinking water additives to improve the immunity of farm animals have been investigated and tested for a long time in order to minimize or alleviate, in particular, stresses on the immune system of the organism which occur during the stress phases of farm animals. Particularly stressful loads in young animals are the time of weaning in the case of piglets and regrouping or overloaded transport or feed changes in the calf fattening. Any chronic illness or persistent trauma also stresses the organism of the farm animals as a stress factor and reduces their performance. During such stress phases, the organism of the animals is significantly stressed, although at any other time the animal can be in a hidden defense weakness and thus be particularly sensitive to the action of both potentially pathogenic and pathogenic germs and other noxious agents . Above all, factor diseases can gain a foothold at this time and there can be a direct performance depression in farm animals, which means a not insignificant economic loss for the animal owner. Currently, attempts are being made mainly to counter the stress or disease factors in the critical phases of livestock husbandry, such as weaning of piglets or the first days of life of young chickens, by the prophylactic or methaphylactic administration of bacteriocidal antibiotics. However, in particular for the removal of the growth-inhibited bacteria for bacteriostats and Che otherapeutics a priori a functioning defense system is presupposed, which naturally is not always present during increased stress phases of livestock. In addition to the uncertainty of the state of health of the animal being treated, the use of antibiotics also has the disadvantage that after the administration of antibiotics there are waiting times which must be observed before an animal can be fed into food production. The statutory waiting times relate to the metabolism of healthy animals and it is self-evident that the metabolism of a sick animal, which deviates or fluctuates greatly from that of a healthy animal, is often unable to do so completely break down the antibiotics within the specified waiting times. Increased, precise residue controls must therefore be carried out in order to ensure that food derived from animals cannot pose a risk to the consumer.
Darüberhinaus muß damit gerechnet werden, daß ein großer Teil von Bakterienstämmen im Laufe der Zeit gegen die verab¬ reichten Antibiotika resistent wird und daher die Wirkung dieser Substanzen nachläßt. In der Folge müßte die Dosierung der Antibiotika erhöht werden, was wiederum zu verlängerten Wartezeiten führt. Insgesamt ist festzuhalten, daß die Nach¬ teile der Antibiotikagabe nicht nur in der Rückstandsproble¬ matik und der Toxizität bzw. der Resistenz der Tiere liegen, sondern daß langfristig auch im Hinblick auf die Volks- gesundheit von der Antibiotikagabe abgerückt werden sollte. In der GB-A 2 002 780 wurde daher bereits vorgeschlagen, Salze von Lysozymen als Futtermittelzusätze in der Hühner¬ mast zu verwenden, wodurch ein positiver Einfluß auf den Verdauungsprozeß und die Proteinadsorption bei Hühnern er- reicht wurde. Darüberhinaus wurde bereits beschrieben, daß durch die Verabreichung von Lysozym eine Verringerung der Streßfaktoren bei Hühnern bemerkt werden kann und daß auch eine Verringerung der Antibiotikagabe ins Auge gefaßt werden kann. Insgesamt gesehen ist jedoch die Behandlung bzw. die Prophylaxe von Junghühnern mit Lysozym nicht ausreichend, um die massiert in der Nutztierhaltung auftretenden Streßfak¬ toren sowie die Herabsetzung der Immunität vollständig zu eliminieren und die Antibiotikagabe an Nutztiere während der Zeiten erhöhten Stresses oder verminderter Immunität voll- ständig auszuschalten.In addition, it must be expected that a large proportion of bacterial strains will become resistant to the antibiotics administered over time and therefore the effect of these substances will decrease. As a result, the dosage of the antibiotics would have to be increased, which in turn leads to longer waiting times. All in all, it should be noted that the disadvantages of antibiotic administration are not only the problem of residues and the toxicity or resistance of the animals, but that in the long term, antibiotics should also be abandoned with regard to public health. GB-A 2 002 780 has therefore already suggested using salts of lysozymes as feed additives in the chicken fattening, which has a positive effect on the digestion process and protein adsorption in chickens. Furthermore, it has already been described that a reduction in the stress factors in chickens can be noticed by the administration of lysozyme and that a reduction in the antibiotic administration can also be envisaged. Overall, however, the treatment or prophylaxis of young chickens with lysozyme is not sufficient to completely eliminate the stress factors that occur massively in livestock farming and to reduce immunity and to give antibiotics to livestock during periods of increased stress or reduced immunity. always turn off.
Die Erfindung zielt daher darauf ab, einen verbesserten Fut¬ termittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz zur Verbesserung der Streßresistenz und der Immunität von Nutztieren enthaltend Lysozym zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit welchem es gelingt, Nutztiere in Zeiten erhöhten Stresses ohne die Verabreichung von Antibiotika zu halten und gleichzeitig allein durch die Gabe des erfindungsgemäßen Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzu¬ satzes eine verbesserte Immunität und eine erhöhte Leistung der Nutztiere zu erreichen. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe be¬ steht der erfindungsgemäße Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzu¬ satz zur Verbesserung der Immunität von Nutztieren im we¬ sentlichen daxin, daß der Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzu¬ satz aus Lysozym und/oder den pharmazeutisch unbedenklichen Salzen davon als Hauptbestandteil und einer Peroxidase-hal¬ tigen Substanz, insbesondere Meerrettich-Peroxidase, be¬ steht.The invention therefore aims to provide an improved feed or drinking water additive for improving the stress resistance and immunity of livestock containing lysozyme, with which it is possible to keep livestock in times of increased stress without the administration of antibiotics and at the same time to achieve an improved immunity and an increased performance of the farm animals solely by the addition of the feed or drinking water additive according to the invention. To solve this problem, the feed or drinking water additive according to the invention for improving the immunity of farm animals essentially consists in that the feed or drinking water additive consisting of lysozyme and / or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as the main component and a peroxidase-containing substance, in particular horseradish peroxidase.
Dadurch, daß der erfindungsgemäße Futtermittel- bzw. Trink- wasserzusatz aus Lysozym und/oder dessen pharmazeutisch un¬ bedenklichen Salzen als Hauptbestandteil sowie einer Peroxi¬ dase-haltigen Substanz besteht, wird durch den Synergismus der beiden Bestandteile des Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasser¬ zusatzes eine größere Wirkung, als dies durch die Einzelwir¬ kung der beiden Substanzen erwartet werden konnte, erzielt. Dies ist insbesondere deshalb von Bedeutung, da bis dato keine breite Basis für eine therapeutische Lysozymanwendung gefunden werden konnte, da das Enzym lediglich ein Faktor im System der unspezifischen bzw. eingeborenen Resistenz ist. Jeder dieser Faktoren, zu welchen beispielsweise noch Lacto- ferrin und Lactoperoxidase gehören, besitzt nur eine be- grenzte Aktivität und je mehr Faktoren dieses Systems vor¬ handen sind, desto effizienter ist ihre Wirkung. Die weiters zugesetzte Peroxidase-haltige Substanz, insbesondere die Meerrettich-Peroxidase, welche gemeinsam mit der Lactoper¬ oxidase und anderen Peroxidasen zu einer Gruppe von Enzymen gehört, welche die Bildung der oxidativen SauerstoffVer¬ bindungen katalysiert, verstärkt hiebei die Wirkung von Lysozym alleine über den Einzeleffekt hinaus. So werden bei¬ spielsweise während des Phagozytoseprozesses im wesentlichen zwei Mechanismen der Bakterieninaktivierung wirksam:The fact that the feed or drinking water additive according to the invention consists of lysozyme and / or its pharmaceutically unobjectionable salts as the main constituent and a substance containing peroxydis results from the synergism of the two components of the feed or drinking water additive has a greater effect than could be expected from the individual effects of the two substances. This is particularly important because, to date, no broad basis for therapeutic lysozyme use has been found, since the enzyme is only a factor in the system of unspecific or indigenous resistance. Each of these factors, to which, for example, lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase also belong, has only a limited activity and the more factors of this system are present, the more efficient their action is. The further added peroxidase-containing substance, in particular the horseradish peroxidase, which belongs together with the lactoperoxidase and other peroxidases to a group of enzymes which catalyzes the formation of the oxidative oxygen compounds, enhances the action of lysozyme alone via the Single effect beyond. For example, essentially two mechanisms of bacterial inactivation take effect during the phagocytosis process:
1. Durch Lysozym oder andere Hydrolasen werden Bakterien und deren Produkte sowie andere Erreger durch hydrolytische An¬ griffe inaktiviert. Dieser Mechanismus wird bevorzugt von Makrophagen beschritten; und1. Lysozyme or other hydrolases inactivate bacteria and their products as well as other pathogens through hydrolytic attacks. This mechanism is preferred by macrophages; and
2. durch Peroxidasen (NADPH-Oxidase, Superoxiddis utase, Myeloperoxidase etc.) werden Bakterien oxidativ angegriffen, wobei sich insbesondere der enzymatische Apparat von neutro- philen Granulozyten auf diesen Inaktivierungsmechanismus stützt.2. Bacteria are oxidatively attacked by peroxidases (NADPH oxidase, superoxide disase, myeloperoxidase, etc.), the enzymatic apparatus of neutrophil granulocytes in particular being based on this inactivation mechanism.
In bevorzugter Weise enthält der Trinkwasserzusatz zusätz¬ lich eines oder mehrere der Vitamine gewählt aus der Gruppe Vitam n A, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Nicotinamid, Ca-D-Pantothenat. Durch den Zusatz von Vita¬ minen zu dem Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz wird da- rüberhinaus zusätzlich zu dem Effekt des Lysozyms und der Peroxidase-haltigen Substanz eine stimulierende Wirkung auf andere Funktionen des Körpers, wie beispielsweise im Falle von Vitamin C eine stimulierende Wirkung auf die phagozytäre Aktivität der Leukozyten des retikuloendothelialen Systems und der Bildung von Antikörpern, erreicht. Besonders bevor¬ zugt enthält hiebei der Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz Vitamin E in einer Menge von 5 bis 50 g/kg Zusatz. Von Vita¬ min E sind zahlreiche das Gesamtbefinden von Lebewesen be¬ günstigende Effekte bekannt. So ist Vitamin E als fettlös- liches, interzelluläres Antioxidans vor allem an der Sta¬ bilisierung ungesättigter Fettsäuren beteiligt, indem es die Bildung toxischer Lipoperoxide verhindert. Vitamin E stellt weiters einen wichtigen Schutzfaktor für Blutgefäße sowie die Membran der Erythrozyten dar, besitzt eine Wirkung als physiologisches Antioxidanz und weist noch eine Reihe spe¬ zifischer Vitaminfunktionen, wie z.B. die Verbesserung der Fruchtbarkeit, auf. Vitamin E kann ferner die Muskeldegene¬ ration und Lebernekrosen verhindern und ihm wird gemäß neuesten Forschungsergebnissen auch eine detoxifizierende Wirkung zugesprochen. In den erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Dosen wird durch Vitamin E auch eine Verbesserung der Immunität aufgrund einer höheren Antikörper-Produktion und eine erhöhte Phagozytose erreicht. Darüberhinaus wirkt Vita¬ min E in dem erfindungsgemäßen Futtermittelzusatz insbeson- dere als physiologisches Antioxidans und es unterstützt ins¬ besondere die Wirkung von Lysozym dadurch, daß es eine reduktive Umgebung für das Lysozym bildet, in welcher dieses seine volle Wirksamkeit entfalten kann.The drinking water additive preferably additionally contains one or more of the vitamins selected from the group vitamin N A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B, vitamin C, nicotinamide, Ca-D pantothenate. By adding vitamins to the feed or drinking water additive, the effect of the lysozyme and the Peroxidase-containing substance has a stimulating effect on other functions of the body, such as, for example in the case of vitamin C, a stimulating effect on the phagocytic activity of the leukocytes of the reticuloendothelial system and the formation of antibodies. The feed or drinking water additive particularly preferably contains vitamin E in an amount of 5 to 50 g / kg additive. From Vita¬ min E numerous effects are known which favor the overall well-being of living beings. Vitamin E, as a fat-soluble, intercellular antioxidant, is primarily involved in the stabilization of unsaturated fatty acids by preventing the formation of toxic lipoperoxides. Vitamin E also represents an important protective factor for blood vessels and the membrane of the erythrocytes, has an effect as a physiological antioxidant and also has a number of specific vitamin functions, such as, for example, improving fertility. Vitamin E can also prevent muscle degeneration and liver necrosis and, according to the latest research results, it is also said to have a detoxifying effect. In the doses used according to the invention, vitamin E also improves immunity due to higher antibody production and increased phagocytosis. In addition, vitamin E acts in the feed additive according to the invention in particular as a physiological antioxidant and it supports in particular the action of lysozyme in that it forms a reductive environment for the lysozyme in which it can develop its full effectiveness.
Um eine möglichst umfassende Wirkung bzw. eine möglichst um¬ fassende Verbesserung der Immunität zu erreichen, enthält bevorzugt der Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz weiters Lactoferrin und/oder Pflanzenextrakte, insbesondere Extrakte von Echinaceae puys. und/oder Eleutherococcus und/oder Bap- tisia und/oder Rhodanid-haltige Pflanzenextrakte, wobei be¬ sonders bevorzugt in dem Pflanzenextrakt Echinaceae puys., Eleutherococcus und Baptisia in einem Mengenverhältnis von 1:2:1 vorliegen. Die Rhodanid-haltigen Pflanzenextrakte, wie beispielsweise Sinigriπ, können unter anderem aus Semen Si- napis nigrae gewonnen werden. Das zusätzlich in dem Futter¬ mittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz enthaltene Lactoferrin, ein Eisen-bindendes Protein, verfügt über eine bakterizide sowie bakteriostatische Wirkung. Einerseits ist daher Lactoferrin in der Lage, gewisse Bakterien abzutöten und andererseits konkurriert Lactoferrin mit Bakterien um im Organismus ver¬ fügbares Eisen, wodurch durch die Eisen-bindende Aktivität das Wachstum von aufgenommenen Bakterien gehemmt wird und sich der bakteriostatische Effekt ergibt. In bezug auf diese Wirkung ist daher Lactoferrin in der Lage, den antibakte¬ riellen Effekt von Lysozym und der Peroxidase zu unter¬ stützen, so daß die Gesamtwirkung dieser beiden Substanzen weiter verstärkt wird. Darüberhinaus ist Lactoferrin weiters eine Wachstumsfördernde Substanz, da es den Baseneinbau in DNA stimuliert. Aus diesem Grund kann auch durch Zusatz von Lactoferrin mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz eine verbesserte Leistungsfähigkeit von Nutztieren erreicht werden.In order to achieve the broadest possible effect or the greatest possible improvement in immunity, the feed or drinking water additive preferably further contains lactoferrin and / or plant extracts, in particular extracts of Echinaceae puys. and / or Eleutherococcus and / or Baptisia and / or Rhodanid-containing plant extracts, particularly preferably in the plant extract Echinaceae puys., Eleutherococcus and Baptisia in a ratio of 1: 2: 1. The rhodanide-containing plant extracts, such as Sinigriπ, can be obtained from Semen Siapis nigrae, among others. The lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein, additionally contained in the feed or drinking water additive has a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect. On the one hand, lactoferrin is therefore able to kill certain bacteria, and on the other hand, lactoferrin competes with bacteria for iron available in the organism, as a result of which the iron-binding activity inhibits the growth of absorbed bacteria and results in the bacteriostatic effect. With regard to this effect, lactoferrin is therefore able to support the antibacterial effect of lysozyme and the peroxidase, so that the overall effect of these two substances is further enhanced. Lactoferrin is also a growth-promoting substance because it stimulates the incorporation of bases into DNA. For this reason, improved performance of farm animals can also be achieved by adding lactoferrin with the feed or drinking water additive according to the invention.
Die weiters bevorzugt in dem Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasser¬ zusatz enthaltenen Pflanzenextrakte dienen ebenfalls zur Stärkung der Immunität und erlauben es insbesondere, die Ge- samtwirkung der in dem Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz enthaltenden Substanzen zu verbessern bzw. eine allgemeinere und umfassendere Wirkung des Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasser¬ zusatzes zu erreichen. Die Wirkung dieser Pflanzenextrakte zur Stärkung der Immunität beruht hiebei nicht auf der Wir- kung einer einzelnen Substanz, sondern auf der Wirkung von Substanzgruppen, welche sich beispielsweise an Rezeptoren von Immunzellen binden können. Dies stimuliert die Zellen zur Produktion von Stoffwechselprodukten, die mit anderen Komponenten des Immunsystems wechselwirken, so daß die Ge- samtwirkung des Futtermittel- bzw. TrinkwasserZusatzes durch die Zugabe von Pflanzenextraken, insbesondere den Extrakten von Echinaceae puys. oder Eleutherococcus und/oder Baptisia und/oder Rhodanid-haltigen Pflanzenextrakten, insgesamt er¬ höht wird.The plant extracts which are also preferably present in the feed or drinking water additive also serve to strengthen immunity and in particular make it possible to improve the overall effect of the substances contained in the feed or drinking water additive or a more general and comprehensive action of the feed - or to achieve drinking water additive. The action of these plant extracts for strengthening immunity is not based on the action of a single substance, but on the action of groups of substances that can bind to receptors of immune cells, for example. This stimulates the cells to produce metabolic products that interact with other components of the immune system, so that the overall effect of the feed or drinking water additive is increased by the addition of plant extracts, in particular the extracts of Echinaceae puys. or Eleutherococcus and / or Baptisia and / or rhodanide-containing plant extracts, is increased overall.
Erfindungsgemäß enthält der Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasser- zusatz hiebei insbesondere neben einem inerten Träger 0,5 bis 20 Gew.-% Lysozymhydrochlorid, 0,5 bis 15 Gew.-% Meer- rettich-Peroxidase, 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% Vitamin E und 0,5 bis 15 Gew.-% Pflanzenextrakt und Lactoferrin. Durch Einsatz der Substanzen in den oben genannten Mengen gelingt es, einen die Immunität möglichst umfassend verbessernden Futter¬ mittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz zu erreichen, mit welchem es möglich ist, insbesondere bei Jungtieren zur Zeit des Ab- setzens das nicht voll entwickelte, spezifische Immunsystem deutlich zu stärken und die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Jung- tiere drastisch zu erhöhen, wobei durch den Einsatz von bei¬ spielsweise Laktose als inerten Träger gleichzeitig ein weiterer für den Tierkörper des Jungtieres wichtiger Nah¬ rungsbestandteil zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Auch können mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzu- satz die aufgrund des nicht vollständig entwickelten Immun¬ systems auftretenden Abwehrschwächen sowie akute und chro¬ nische Krankheiten, die üblicherweise einer Chemotherapie widerstehen, von vornherein gemildert bzw. verhindert wer¬ den, da die Nutztiere, insbesondere Jungtiere, aufgrund der Verabreichung des erfindungsgemäßen Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatzes über ein umfassend gestärktes Immunsys¬ tem verfügen.According to the invention, the feed or drinking water additive contains, in addition to an inert carrier, 0.5 to 20% by weight lysozyme hydrochloride, 0.5 to 15% by weight horseradish peroxidase, 0.1 to 5% by weight. % Vitamin E and 0.5 to 15% by weight plant extract and lactoferrin. By using the substances in the abovementioned amounts, it is possible to achieve a feed or drinking water additive which improves immunity as comprehensively as possible, with which it is possible, in particular in young animals, at the time of weaning, the not fully developed, specific immune system to significantly strengthen and drastically increase the performance of these young animals, the use of, for example, lactose as an inert carrier simultaneously providing a further nutritional component which is important for the animal body of the young animal. With the feed or drinking water additive according to the invention, the defense weaknesses which occur due to the incompletely developed immune system and acute and chronic diseases which usually resist chemotherapy can be mitigated or prevented from the outset, since the farm animals , especially young animals, have a comprehensively strengthened immune system due to the administration of the feed or drinking water additive according to the invention.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Beispieles, bei welchem ein Versuchspräparat über das Trinkwasser Mast¬ hühnern verabreicht wurde, näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an example in which a test preparation was administered via the drinking water broiler chickens.
BEISPIELEXAMPLE
Als Versuchspräparat wurde eine Mischung aus 22 g Lysozym; 22 g Meerrettich-Peroxidase; 5 g Vitamin E 50; sowie 20 g eines Pflanzenextraktes bestehend aus 5 g Echinaceae puys., 10 g Eleutherococcus und 5 g Baptisia; sowie 931 g eines inerten Trägers pro kg des Präparates eingesetzt.A mixture of 22 g of lysozyme; 22 g horseradish peroxidase; 5 g vitamin E 50; and 20 g of a plant extract consisting of 5 g Echinaceae puys., 10 g Eleutherococcus and 5 g Baptisia; and 931 g of an inert carrier are used per kg of the preparation.
Der Versuchszeitraum betrug 5 Wochen und es wurden 2 Gruppen von Kücken getestet, bestehend aus 11.200 in der Versuchs¬ gruppe und 16.320 Kücken in der Kontrollgruppe, welche alle der Rasse Ross-208 angehörten und welche neben der Tatsache, daß der Versuchsgruppe der erfindungsgemäße Futtermittel¬ bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz verabreicht wurde, ansonsten unter gleichen Bedingungen gehalten bzw. gemästet wurden.The test period was 5 weeks and 2 groups of chicks were tested, consisting of 11,200 in the test group and 16,320 chicks in the control group, all of which belonged to the Ross-208 breed and which, in addition to the fact that the test group used the feed according to the invention or drinking water was administered, otherwise kept or fattened under the same conditions.
Die Versuchsmischung wurde dem Trinkwasser zugesetzt und wie folgt verabreicht:The test mixture was added to the drinking water and administered as follows:
3. Lebenstag 30 g/1000 Tiere 5. Lebenstag 30 g/1000 Tiere3rd day of life 30 g / 1000 animals 5th day of life 30 g / 1000 animals
17. Lebenstag 50 g/1000 Tiere17th day of life 50 g / 1000 animals
20. Lebenstag 50 g/1000 Tiere20th day of life 50 g / 1000 animals
31. Lebenstag 100 g/1000 Tiere31st day of life 100 g / 1000 animals
34. Lebenstag 100 g/1000 Tiere34th day of life 100 g / 1000 animals
Die Ergebnisse sind in der folgenden Tabelle 1 dargestellt. Durch den Einsatz des Versuchspräparates wurde die Futterum¬ wandlung um etwa 9 % im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe ver¬ bessert.The results are shown in Table 1 below. The use of the experimental preparation improved the feed conversion by about 9% compared to the control group.
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0001
Testpräp. Gruppe KontrollσruppeTest preparation Control group
Masttage 37 38Mast days 37 38
Masthühner am Beginn 11.200 16.320Broiler chickens at the start 11,200 16,320
Ende 10.970 15.879Late 10,970 15,879
Ausfall 23 441Failure 23 441
= 2,05 % *= 2,70 % Testpräp. Gruppe Kontrollσruppe= 2.05% * = 2.70% Test preparation Control group
Gew. Ende 17.388,0 26.322,8 davon I. Qual. 16.692 25.269,80 davon II. Qual. 696 1.053,0Won end 17,388.0 26,322.8 of which I. Qual. 16,692 25,269.80 of which II. Qual. 696 1,053.0
*■= 4,00 % = 4,00 % * ■ = 4.00% = 4.00%
Futterverbrauch absolut 27.980 kg 46.710 kgAbsolute feed consumption 27,980 kg 46,710 kg
Futterumwandlung 1,61 1,77Feed conversion 1.61 1.77
**■* 91 % = 100 % ** ■ * 91% = 100%
Bemuskelung gut gutMuscle good good
Ausgeglichenheit opt. gut gutBalance opt. good Good
Hautbeschaffenheit gut gutSkin texture good good
Rupffähigkeit gut gutPlucking ability good good
Abdominalfett normal normalAbdominal fat normal normal
Gewichtszunähme vergl. mit Standard 103 104Weight gain see standard 103 104
Farbe gut zu wenig GelbfärbungColor well too little yellowing
Die Ursachen dieses hervorragenden Ergebnisses einer 9 % höheren Fettumwandlung zugunsten einer verbesserten Produk¬ tivität liegen darin, daß infolge der durch das Versuchsprä¬ parat verbesserten Immunität der Versuchstiere Energie an¬ statt zur Infektionsabwehr zum Fleischansatz verwendet wer¬ den konnte. The reasons for this excellent result of a 9% higher fat conversion in favor of an improved productivity lie in the fact that, due to the improved immunity of the experimental animals by the experimental preparation, energy could be used for the meat preparation instead of for defense against infection.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz zur Verbesserung der Streßresistenz und der Immunität von Nutztieren enthaltend1. Feed or drinking water additive to improve the stress resistance and immunity of farm animals containing
Lysozym, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz aus Lysozym und/oder den pharmazeutisch unbedenklichen Salzen davon als Hauptbestandteil und einer Peroxidase-haltigen Substanz, insbesondere Meerrettich-Per- oxidase, besteht.Lysozyme, characterized in that the feed or drinking water additive consists of lysozyme and / or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as the main constituent and a peroxidase-containing substance, in particular horseradish peroxidase.
2. Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz nach Anspruch 1, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzlich eines oder mehrere der Vitamine gewählt aus der Gruppe Vitamin A, Vitamin D3, Vita- min E, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Nicotinamid, Ca-D-Pantothenat enthalten ist (sind).2. Feed or drinking water additive according to claim 1, characterized in that additionally one or more of the vitamins selected from the group vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B, vitamin C, nicotinamide, Ca-D- Pantothenate is (are).
3. Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz nach Anspruch 2, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, daß der Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwas- serzusatz Vitamin E in einer Menge von 5 bis 50 g/kg Zusatz enthält.3. Feed or drinking water additive according to claim 2, characterized in that the feed or drinking water additive contains vitamin E in an amount of 5 to 50 g / kg of additive.
4. Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz nach einem der An¬ sprüche 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Fut- termittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz weiters Lactoferrin und/ oder Pflanzenextrakte, insbesondere Extrakte von Echinaceae puys. und/oder Eleutherococcus und/oder Baptisia und/oder Rhodanid-haltigen Pflanzenextrakte, enthält.4. feed or drinking water additive according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that in the feed or drinking water additive further lactoferrin and / or plant extracts, in particular extracts of Echinaceae puys. and / or Eleutherococcus and / or Baptisia and / or rhodanide-containing plant extracts.
5. Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz nach einem der An¬ sprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß neben einem inerten Träger 0,5 bis 20 Gew.-% Lysozymhydrochlorid, 0,5 bis 15 Gew.-% Meerrettich-Peroxidase, 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% Vita¬ min E und 0,5 bis 15 Gew.-% Pflanzenextrakt und Lactoferrin enthalten sind. 5. feed or drinking water additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in addition to an inert carrier 0.5 to 20 wt .-% lysozyme hydrochloride, 0.5 to 15 wt .-% horseradish peroxidase, 0 , 1 to 5 wt .-% Vita¬ min E and 0.5 to 15 wt .-% plant extract and lactoferrin are included.
6. Futtermittel- bzw. Trinkwasserzusatz nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Pflanzenextrakt Echi¬ naceae puys., Elentherococcus und Baptisia in einem Mengen¬ verhältnis von 1:2:1 vorliegen. 6. feed or drinking water additive according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that in the plant extract Echi¬ naceae puys., Elentherococcus and Baptisia are present in a quantitative ratio of 1: 2: 1.
PCT/AT1995/000224 1994-11-22 1995-11-21 Fodder and drinking water additive for improving the resistance to stress and immunity of useful animals WO1996015682A1 (en)

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BR9506556A BR9506556A (en) 1994-11-22 1995-11-21 Additive to fodder or drinking water to improve resistance to stress and immunity of useful animals
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KR1019960703933A KR100218977B1 (en) 1994-11-22 1995-11-21 Fodder and driking water additive for improving the resistance to stress and immunity of useful animals
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US6096307A (en) * 1997-12-11 2000-08-01 A. Glenn Braswell Compositions for immunostimulation containing Echinacea angustofolia, bromelain, and lysozyme
WO1999045795A1 (en) * 1998-03-12 1999-09-16 Diarex V/G. Andresen Additive for animal feed containing flavanoids from a mimosa-extract and animal feed containing the same and a process for producing the animal feed
WO2000021381A1 (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-04-20 Dsm N.V. Antimicrobial enzymes in animal feed
GB2349794A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-11-15 Dsm Nv Antimicrobial enzymes in animal feed
GB2349794B (en) * 1998-10-15 2001-08-22 Dsm Nv Antimicrobial enzymes in animal feed
AU753232B2 (en) * 1998-10-15 2002-10-10 Dsm N.V. Antimicrobial enzymes in animal feed
JP2002535364A (en) * 1999-01-29 2002-10-22 マーズ ユー ケー リミテッド Antioxidant composition for pet animals and use thereof
JP4966450B2 (en) * 1999-01-29 2012-07-04 マーズ ユー ケー リミテッド Antioxidant composition for pet animals and method of use thereof
KR100414899B1 (en) * 2001-09-05 2004-01-13 전병국 A method of preparing isotonic drink for the baby using eucommia ulmoides
WO2005074955A1 (en) * 2004-02-06 2005-08-18 Riemser Arzneimittel Ag Preparations containing echinacea extracts and thiocyanate
CN107637698A (en) * 2017-10-20 2018-01-30 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 A kind of compound premixed feed being added in lactation calf acidifying milk and its application

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EP0740509A1 (en) 1996-11-06
IL115918A0 (en) 1996-01-31
ZA959716B (en) 1996-05-29
CZ197496A3 (en) 1996-10-16
HUT76362A (en) 1997-08-28
MX9602848A (en) 1998-08-30
TW349848B (en) 1999-01-11
JPH11514205A (en) 1999-12-07
SK89296A3 (en) 1996-12-04
YU73795A (en) 1998-05-15
PL315570A1 (en) 1996-11-12
CA2181365A1 (en) 1996-05-30
HRP950567A2 (en) 1997-04-30
AU3835295A (en) 1996-06-17
BR9506556A (en) 1997-10-28
KR100218977B1 (en) 1999-10-01
HU9601974D0 (en) 1996-09-30
CZ285631B6 (en) 1999-10-13
AT506U1 (en) 1995-12-27
IL115918A (en) 1999-12-31
CN1138821A (en) 1996-12-25

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