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WO1996011783A1 - Procedes et machines utiles dans le chemisage de pipe-lines et de conduites - Google Patents

Procedes et machines utiles dans le chemisage de pipe-lines et de conduites Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996011783A1
WO1996011783A1 PCT/GB1995/001336 GB9501336W WO9611783A1 WO 1996011783 A1 WO1996011783 A1 WO 1996011783A1 GB 9501336 W GB9501336 W GB 9501336W WO 9611783 A1 WO9611783 A1 WO 9611783A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnets
lining
poles
magnetic fields
lining tube
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1995/001336
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Wood
Original Assignee
Sound Pipe Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB9420785A external-priority patent/GB9420785D0/en
Priority claimed from GB9423600A external-priority patent/GB9423600D0/en
Application filed by Sound Pipe Limited filed Critical Sound Pipe Limited
Priority to AU26273/95A priority Critical patent/AU2627395A/en
Publication of WO1996011783A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996011783A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/0065—Heat treatment
    • B29C63/0069—Heat treatment of tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/10—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation for articles of indefinite length
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/18—Appliances for use in repairing pipes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods of and machines for use in the lining of pipelines and passageways, especially those •pipelines or passageways which are located underground.
  • Such methods make use of tubular linings which are moved into the pipelines or passageways and are positioned on the pipeline or passage surface to line same.
  • such linings are either (i) flexible tubes of a material which can be and is impregnated with a curable synthetic resin on of which the resin is cured after the tube is placed on the pipeline or passageway surface to form on same a rigid cured resin lining pipe inside the pipeline or passageway, which acts as a host pipe; or (ii) a rigid tube of thermoplastic material which can be softened when in the pipeline or passageway, then shaped by fluid pressure to conform to the pipeline or passageway surface and then cooled to re-rigidify and form a rigid lining pipe inside the pipeline or passageway which again acts as a host pipe.
  • the pipeline or passageway will be referred to as the host pipe.
  • the present invention is concerned with lining tubes which need to be “activated”. That is, they need to be changed in some way so that they can perform their final function and the present invention is concerned with "activating" the lining tube after it is inside the host pipe for, in the case of the resin impregnated tube curing or initiating the cure of the resin, and, in the case of the thermoplastic tube heating the tube to soften same. To perform this activation, energy having high frequency wave reversals is used. It is now well known and well established (see U.S. Patents 4009063 and 4064211) that underground sewer passageways can be rehabilitated by a relining operation which involves the use of a tubular structure impregnated with a curable synthetic resin.
  • the structure is introduced by any of various means into the passageway and is held by fluid pressure so as to be "inflated” against the passageway surface typically by water (water inflation) or air (air inflation) and whilst it is so held the resin impregnating the absorbent material of the lining cures or is caused to cure so that there results a hard, rigid lining pipe lying on the passageway surface.
  • This lining pipe prevents ingress and egress of fluids to and from the passageway, enhancing its operation. Long lengths of lining pipe can be applied in this way, and an entire art of softuning or "cured in place” lining as it is alternately known, has been established.
  • the tubular structure is manufactured using absorbent textile material, in particular a needled felt, and that felt is then impregnated with the curable synthetic resin.
  • This manufacture and impregnation conventionally takes place under factory conditions, and the lining is then transported to site where it is positioned on the passageway surface and inflated and then the resin is cured by the application of heat.
  • the resin has been mixed (it usually includes a resin matrix and catalyst and/or accelerator) it has a finite life referred to as the "pot life", during which it will remain uncured. With the passage of time curing takes place automatically.
  • a resin formulation which is relatively quiescent, but it includes a quantity of particles which are electrically conductive and/or magnetically permeable such particles being for example of ferro magnetic material or ferri magnetic material (e.g. iron, ferrite typically manganese and/or zinc ferrite) which acts as an activator for the resin when a magnetic field is applied thereto.
  • ferro magnetic material or ferri magnetic material e.g. iron, ferrite typically manganese and/or zinc ferrite
  • the magnetic field action induces (i) eddy currents in the particulate material and these currents, due to the electrical resistance of the material produce heat which in turn initiates and/or effects the cure of the resin, or (ii) hysteresis losses in the particulate material, especially at the higher frequencies of the magnetic field, which produces the heat generated; or combined effects may be produced.
  • the resin will include a curing catalyst and/or accelerator (initiator) which is held in the resin so as to be isolated from the resin matrix.
  • a curing catalyst and/or accelerator initiator
  • it may be held in microcapsules or in adsorbent particles.
  • an electric induction coil or coils is/are located inside the pipeline or passageway with its axis/their axes lying longitudinally of the passageway whilst the lining is held to the passageway surface.
  • the induction coil when one is provided, preferably should lie as close as possible to the lining material so that when a high frequency (radio frequency - RF) electric current is applied to the coil, an alternating magnetic field is established which passes through the lining material in its plane, and alternates with the alternating electrical supply, producing said eddy currents and/or hysteresis losses in the particulate material, with the effect as discussed above.
  • a linear power amplifier is needed to generate an alternating flux underground, and this leads to low efficiency typically in the order of 60%.
  • Transister circuits capable of producing 40 kW dissipation, needed for an output of 100 kW, are not readily available. Switching techniques could be used to provide some efficiency, but these are expensive to implement and involve the use of very high currents. For example even at 1000 volts, a current of 100 amps would have to be switched at 200 kHz. These figures could be even higher when coil losses are taken into account. Impedance conversion would inevitably be required, which would involve the use of a transformer. Management of the heat generated by the drive electronics would constitute an insoluble problem even in the case where a water inflation method is used and circulation of cooling water is possible.
  • linings may be of a length in the order of 500 meters, there would be a substantial distance between the radio frequency power source to drive the coil and the coil itself, and a long transmission line would be needed.
  • a transmission line would be a coaxial cable in order to avoid reflection and standing waves from occuring on the cable, because such waves could prevent the free flow of the radio frequency power.
  • very high voltages in the order of 2200 volts at 100 kW power would be required, which could create very dangerous conditions inside the pipeline or passageway especially if water is used (as is usual) as the fluid for inflating the lining.
  • the system has intrinsic safety problems.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an activation method whereby the aforesaid disadvantages or problems are obviated or mitigated.
  • the means for providing the induction heating comprises a rotary assembly including magnets, preferably permanent magnets of north and south poles arranged by the rotation to create an alternating magnetic field extending between the poles and which intersects the lining.
  • magnets preferably permanent magnets of north and south poles arranged by the rotation to create an alternating magnetic field extending between the poles and which intersects the lining.
  • the advantage of permanent magnets is that it is possible to eliminate any electrical supply or connections inside the pipeline or passageway, because the rotor can be driven by a non-electrical power source, such as a hydraulic motor.
  • the permanent magnets are arranged in alternating north south configuration in a direction circumferentially of the rotor. This means that the magnetic field flux lines lie in planes transverse to the rotor axis so that the flux lines of the magnetic field will loop outwardly in extending from each pole to the adjacent pole.
  • the magnets may be in the form for example of wedge shaped segments which are arranged face to face to make up the rotor. They may however be of any shape decided upon after design optimisation to give required field shape and density.
  • the rotor rotates and by mechanically rotating the rotor, so the lining will be subjected at each location to alternating magnetic fields providing the same conductive heating effect as described above, it being mentioned that either the resin material in the lining will preferably be provided with said particulate material which is responsive to the alternating magnetic field applied to the lining to generate eddy currents in the particulate material and/or to generate hysteresis losses in the lining, or where the lining is applied to a host pipe of electrically or magnetically permeable material such as cast iron, the particulate material may not be necessary.
  • the induction apparatus could be contained in a non magnetic material chamber which could be sealed so that it could be operated under water, and the only moving parts apart from the fluid drive would be the rotor and the bearings.
  • the non magnetic material preferably is of plastic, but other materials could be used.
  • Inductive heat generation is proportional to the frequency of magnetic field reversals, and therefore it is preferable that the maximum number of poles be provided on the rotor although there will obviously be a practical limit.
  • the rotor should be rotated at as great a speed as possible, and therefore it might be desirable to use a high speed turbine as the driving force.
  • the magnets be of the high energy type (e.g. Neodymium based) to achieve high flux density in the lining.
  • the magnets are arranged on the rotor so that each magnet defines an north pole and a south pole, but the south poles are located radially inwardly of the north poles, or vice versa, so that the flux lines will extend from the inner south poles radially outwardly between adjacent north poles, and will then loop back to the north poles, the looped portion of the magnetic field intersecting the lining.
  • the respective magnetic fields as they radiate outwardly from the inner south poles will be mutually repulsed, which enhances shaping of the magnetic field and ensures that a maximum amount of flux radiates usefully outwards to intersect the lining.
  • the field reversal frequency which can be obtained in the lining and/or in the host pipe is equal to the rotational speed times the number of magnets on the rotor and for example with a 50 magnet rotor operating at 2,000 rpm, a flux reversal frequency of 16.7 kHz could be achieved. It is believed furthermore, that a rotor speed of up to 100,000 rpm is readily attainable, which would give an output flux reversal frequency of 83 kHz.
  • the invention also applies to a method of curing resin especially a resin impregnating a lining tube using the apparatus as aforesaid, the resin if necessary including the said particulate material, and microencapsulated catalyst accelerator and/or initiator.
  • the pipe may in itself form the heating element by providing that the magnetic flux passes therethrough. If the pipe is electrically conductive heat will be generated by the "short circuited generator windings" mode of operation. If they are magnetically permeable, eddy and hysteresis losses will dominate.
  • the apparatus can be used for heating and curing a resin which is provided with an additive which lowers the bulk resistivity of the resin.
  • an additive could be carbon particles, and in this case when the system is operational, it would be equivalent to an electrical generator, with the generated current running through the additive material in the resin.
  • the basic apparatus may resemble a commercial flywheel energy storage unit, and it is to be pointed out that in this field there is much expertise concerning high rotational speed assemblies and low loss bearings of which use could be made in the final design and construction of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • the apparatus and method described have a number of advantages including the following.
  • the apparatus and method are simple and reliable.
  • the apparatus provides high power output.
  • the apparatus does not require the use of any electrical components in the pipeline or passageway and therefore it has intrinsic safety.
  • the apparatus does not require any special cooling as there will be negligible losses in the magnets and little loss in the bearings.
  • the use of fluid to drive the power unit intrinsically provides cooling for the power unit.
  • thermoplastic pipe embodying the magnetically permeable particles such as disclosed in International Patent Application No WO 92/20198
  • the passage of the machine through the pipe causes softening of the pipe which can then be inflated up onto a surface to be lined, and afterwards the expanded pipe is cooled to remain in position on said surface.
  • the present invention in another embodiment comprises a machine with magnets to define the magnetic fields which in use will intersect the lining, and the magnets are carried by a stator and rotary commutator means is used to distribute the magnetic fields to for example stationary distributor finger means which are arranged so as to be locatable on in close proximity to the inside of the lining tube.
  • the lining will be subjected in a kinetically efficient manner at each location to alternating magnetic fields providing the conductive heating effect as described above, it being mentioned that either the resin material in the lining will preferably be provided with said particulate material which is responsive to the alternating magnetic field applied to the lining to generate eddy currents in the particulate material and/or to generate hysteresis losses in the lining, or where the lining is applied to a host pipe of electrically or magnetically permeable material such as cast iron, the particulate material may not be necessary.
  • the arrangement also enhances the capability of the equipment to operate on a bigger range of pipe sizes and a bigger range of lining thicknesses.
  • the invention in another aspect also has application where the lining tube is activated by the application thereto of ultrasonic energy.
  • the lining tube is impregnated with synthetic resin and the resin may be made special by formulating the resin so that after mixing the catalyst, resin matrix and accelerator (if provided) it will remain uncured until the ultrasonic energy is applied, but a more usual method is to embody the catalyst and/or accelerator in microcapsules as described for example in International Patent Application No. GB93/00107 so that the catalyst and/or accelerator is kept out of contact with the resin matrix until the microcapsules are broken and the catalyst and/or accelerator is/are released into the matrix to commence the cure of the resin.
  • an appropriate generator is pulled through the passageway after the lining has been applied thereto, and this method has the advantage that it is not necessary to use hot water.
  • Ultrasonic energy can furthermore be applied through gases and liquids and there is no need to use a gas for inflating the lining.
  • an ultrasonic generator is driven by an ultrasonic electrical source of high power at ground level which drives an ultrasonic generator when inside the underground passageway having the lining inflated against its surface.
  • the generator generates ultrasonic waves which propagate along the axial direction of the passageway and impinge upon a reflector ahead of the generator whereby the waves are prevented from travelling down the passageway and are reflected in a radially outwards direction to be targeted and impinge upon the lining to cause high frequency mechanical agitation in the resin, which in turn causes the micro capsules to disintigrate and so release the catalyst and/or accelerator; conventional curing can then take place.
  • the generator of the ultrasonic vibrations as described is similar to generation of audio sound from an audible generator, except for the reflector. Ultrasonic generators do however operate above the audible range e.g. >20Khz.
  • This system has a number of drawbacks including the followingi-
  • the transducers are not particularly efficient and would be prone to overheating.
  • This aspect of the invention is concerned with an apparatus for the generation of vibration energy especially ultrasonic energy whereby appropriately formulated resins can be selectively cured and in particular the apparatus is usable for curing tubular linings having resin absorbent material which is impregnated with the tubular linings having resin absorbent material which is impregnated with the formulated resin, especially when said linings are held by fluid pressure on passageway surfaces.
  • an apparatus for creating vibration energy comprises first and second sets of north and south magnets arranged alternately, the sets being relatively moveable so that the magents are alternately attracted and repelled for setting up vibrations useable to cure appropriately formulated resins.
  • the sets of magnets preferably comprise a first set mounted for rotation about an axis and a second set arranged around the first set and mounted for resilient and limited radial movement to produce said vibrations.
  • the magnets of the second set may be plates of m gnetisable material or they may be permanent magnets, mounted on a flexible support sleeve, whilst the magnets of the first set preferably are permanent magnets (they could be electro magnets) of wedge shape arranged face to face to form a rotor, the active surface of which comprises alternating north and south poles.
  • the first set of magnets preferably is carried on a rotor shaft which is driveable by a high power drive unit connected thereto.
  • a unit which can be moved through a passageway lined by a lining impregnated with an appropriately formulated resin system e.g. one with a microencapsulated catalyst, and whilst it is so moved the rotor is rotated at high speed, vibrating the magnets of the second set to produce vibrations (typically at ultrasonic frequencies i.e. >20Khz) which are transmitted by the fluid (usually water or air) for the passageway which holds the lining inflated.
  • an appropriately formulated resin system e.g. one with a microencapsulated catalyst
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation showing in section how the machine in the present invention is used
  • Fig. 2 is an end view of an induction coil inside an underground passageway for the curing of a resin impregnated liner which lines the passageway;
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of the arrangement shown in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional detail view of the lining
  • Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing an embodiment of the invention
  • Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively similar views of an apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention of Fig. 5 and operating according to the method of the invention, the views respectively showing the apparatus in two different conditions of operation;
  • Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 5 showing a fragment of the rotor, and a magnet arrangement according to an alternative embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 6 but of the arrangement shown in Fig. 8;
  • Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic cut away view showing how optical cables can be used for heat sensing with advantageous effect;
  • Figs. 11 and 12 are an end view and a perspective view of an apparatus according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Figs. 13 and 14 are graphs showing the relationship between specific power loss against peak flux density at various different frequencies in respect of iron powder and ferrite;
  • Fig. 15 is a sectional elevation of the machine when shown in position inside a lining tube in a pipeline or passageway, the section being taken on the line D-D of Fig. 16;
  • Fig. 16 is an end elevation of the machine shown in Fig. 15;
  • Figs. 17, 18 and 19 are sectional elevations taken on the lines A-A, B-B, and C-C in Fig. 15 respectively;
  • Fig. 20 is an end view of the machine shown in Fig. 15 but taken from the opposite end from that shown in Fig. 16;
  • Figs. 21, 22 and 23 are developed views of the commutating arrangement in order to illustrate how the machine functions
  • Fig. 24 is a diagrammatic representation of a prior proposed system using electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer.
  • Figs. 25 and 26 are illustrative views showing the operation of the apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 in this figure there is shown an underground passageway 10X such as a sewer extending between a pair of manholes 12X and 14X leading from the sewer to ground level.
  • a lining tube 16X is being applied to the sewer between manholes 12X and 14X, and the figure shows a machine 18X which is passing through the interior of the tube 16X by being pulled therethrough by means of a winch 2OX to which is connected a pull rope 22X.
  • Rope 22X is led over guide pulleys 24X at the top of manhole 14X and 26X at the bottom of manhole 14X.
  • the end of the rope 22X is connected to an eye 28X at the front end of the machine 18X.
  • a compressed air hose 30X which receives air under pressure from a compressor 32X.
  • the trailing end of the lining 16X is closed by a cap 34X so that the interior 36X can be pressurised by supply of compressed air from hose 30X through an outlet 38X.
  • a regulating valve 40X controls the supply of compressed air through the line 42X to an air motor 46X at the rear of the machine 18X in order to drive the rotary assembly of the machine as will be hereinafter described.
  • the tube 16X may be a resin impregnated tube such as is used in a cured in place lining system and it contains magnetically permeable particles which are activated by the machine 18X as it travels along the tube in the direction of arrow 40X.
  • This activation of the particles can either be used to heat the resin in order to cure same, or it can be used for example to fracture microcapsules or absorbent particles which contain catalyst for the resin in order to release that catalyst which in turn causes curing of the resin.
  • the air under pressure in the tube as indicated by reference 36X holds the tube against the surface of the passageway 10X and therefore as and when curing takes place, the tube will become hard and will remain in position lining the passageway.
  • the tube 16X may in fact be a thermoplastic tube which is rigid, but as the machine 18X is pulled therethrough and as the magnetic fields are applied to the tube, so magnetically permeable particles in the tube are caused to heat up which in turn softens the tube and it can be expanded again by pressurizing space 36X to cause it to lie on the surface of the sewer 10X until such times as the plastics material has cooled down in the enlarged diameter and remains on the surface of sewer 10X.
  • reference numeral 10 indicates an underground sewer, to which is applied by fluid pressure a lining tube 12 of a construction shown in greater detail in Fig. 4.
  • the lining tube 12 is, it is to be assumed, in a flexible condition, and it comprises a material of a textile nature which is impregnated with a curable synthetic resin (assumed to be in the uncured condition) .
  • an induction coil 14 of a size roughly matching the inner diameter of the lining tube is pulled through the lining tube 12.
  • the induction coil 14 is supplied with high frequency (RF) electrical power which may be of RF or less frequency so as to create an alternating high frequency magnetic field 16 which as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 penetrates the lining 12 for the purposes, as explained hereinbefore, of creating eddy currents in electrically conductive and/or magnetic particles in the lining tube 12 and/or generating hysteresis losses in these particles so as to create a heating effect, the heat in turn serving to cure the resin as described hereinbefore which impregnates the lining tube 12.
  • RF high frequency
  • the lining tube 12 in fact comprises a relatively thick layer or layers 12A of a synthetic felt material, typically polyester fibre felt on one side of which is coated an impermeable membrane 12B so that the pressurizing fluid will be kept out of contact with the felt layer or layers 12 .
  • a synthetic felt material typically polyester fibre felt on one side of which is coated an impermeable membrane 12B so that the pressurizing fluid will be kept out of contact with the felt layer or layers 12 .
  • Reference numeral 18 represents a number of the individual fibres of the felt shown by way of example, and reference numeral 20 indicates the magnetic particles which are excited by the field 16 which penetrates the thickness of the lining.
  • Numeral 21 shows microcapsules containing catalyst.
  • FIGs 5 to 7 One embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Figures 5 to 7, and the present invention provides the same curing result as hereinbefore described insofar as the resin is again provided with the magnetic particles 20, and a magnetic field is passed through the lining to excite the particles to cause same to have eddy currents and hysteresis losses created therein which generates the heat sufficient to perform the curing, but in accordance with the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 5 to 7, the magnetic field is provided by permanent magnets, with the consequent advantages as hereinbefore described.
  • a plurality of magnets which are wedge shaped are arranged in face to face relationship so as to form a rotor 30.
  • the magnets alternate north 32 and south 34, and are carried by a rotor shaft 36.
  • the shaft 36 is shown as being connected to be driven by a fluid motor 38 (such as a turbine or air motor) to which hydraulic driving fluid can be supplied through go and return lines 40 and 42 which for example extend to ground level.
  • a speed increasing gearbox could be used which would enable the achievement of an acceptably high rotor speed from a standard low speed hydraulic motor.
  • the adjacent magnets being of north and south poles create small fixed magnetic fluxes 33, 35 which loop between the magnets, and through the lining, but as will be appreciated and as shown best in Fig. 5, the magnetic fields of fluxes 33 alternate with and extend in the opposite direction in relation to fluxes 35. Therefore, as the rotor is rotated inside the sewer and inside the lining 12 as shown in Fig. 5 each part of the lining is subjected to a reversing magnetic field effect as described in relation to Figs. 2 to 4. The same curing effect is achieved without the disadvantages of using an electrical drive system as envisaged in Figs. 2 to 4, and the arrangement of Figs. 5 to 7 has the attendant advantages as hereinbefore described.
  • the rotor 30 will be of a size matching as closely as possible to that of the inner diameter of the lining when applied to the sewer surface so as to provide a minimum air gap between the lining tube and the outer surface of the rotor but the unit has to be capable of being pulled through the lining to effect the cure of the resin of the lining throughout the length of the lining.
  • the apparatus works in some cases in an underground passageway which contains a liquid, it is of advantage to provide that the liquid can pass through the apparatus especially along the central axis thereof.
  • the liquid e.g. sewage which normally flows in the pipeline to continue flowing avoiding the need to "over pump” the said liquid.
  • Over pumping is a process of diverting the liquid from the pipeline to ground level from a location upstream of the section of pipeline being lined to a location downstream of that section.
  • T assist in passing the liquid through the apparatus, it may incorporate a pump which could be powered by the hydraulic motor 38.
  • the pump may include an Archimedes screw forming the centre spindle of the apparatus and through which the liquid is pumped.
  • the centre of the apparatus may simply be defined by a hollow shaft for flow through, and as described hereinafter, that hollow shaft may be used to provide a special anti-friction bearing and the magnetising of same, the magnetic effect being used in conjunction with the magnets of the apparatus rotor.
  • the gap between the magnets and the lining should be as small as possible and normally the magnets would be in a diameter approx 2/3rds of the diameter of the pipe being lined.
  • Such arrangement provides sufficient clearance to enable the apparatus to move effectively along the pipeline and perform the curing function satisfactorily, but because this ratio is fairly important this could lead to different machines for pipes of different sizes, were it not for a further preferred feature according to the invention which is the provision of sizing sleeves to enable the variation in effective diameter of the machines.
  • a machine designed to have say a 250 mm diameter could be converted to effective diameter of anything up to say 400 mm by inserting it into an appropriate sleeve.
  • the sleeve comprises,preferably, non-magnetic material such as plastics and would be of cylindrical shape and of outside diameter to suit the pipe to be lined. Its inner diameter would be sized to accommodate the basic machine.
  • each sizing sleeve incorporates magnetically permeable, insulated, radial, magnetic segments, for example of cobalt iron alloy, which effectively extend the magnetic field lines at to a larger diameter with no significant flux loss.
  • the magnets 32, 34 of the rotor 30 as shown in Fig. 6 are axial and extend lengthwise of the shaft 36, but some additional advantage can be achieved by arranging for the magnets to extend spirally or helically of the rotor axis. By this step, particles suspended in the liquid around the rotor are prevented from taking hold on the rotor magnets or on the outside of the machine casing.
  • Another effect achieved by spiralling the magnets is that additional thrust on the apparatus can be achieved in the same way as thrust is achieved from a mechanical lead screw. This occurs due to the reaction force which arises from transferring heating energy into the pipe. That reaction, because of the twisting of the magnets has thrust as well as torque and the direction of that thrust depends upon the helix angle direction and the direction of rotation.
  • Figs. 5 to 7 can be constructed with any of the features hereinbefore set forth and the apparatus can be operated in accordance with any of the method steps hereinbefore set forth.
  • each magnet 50 has north and south poles.
  • the north poles are at the radially outward end of the magnet, whilst the south poles are at the radially inward end.
  • the magnets 50 can be closely packed together, and the lines of flux as shown are forced through the gaps between the magnets.
  • the lines of flux lie to opposite sides of each magnet, and therefore the loops of flux indicated by references 52 and 54 alternate in direction, flux 52 alternating with flux 54.
  • these loops 52 and 54 will intersect linings lying at quite a considerable spacing from the magnets 50. Because the flux lines flow in smooth curves, they form a field shape as shown with the loops 52 and 54 being forced outwards because the parallel fluxes between the magnets are in fact mutually repulsed.
  • the flux lines When such an arrangement is operated in conjunction with a lining, the flux lines will be shunted or forced into the lining thickness by the host pipe, if that host pipe is of a low permeability material such as clay, which is common. If the pipe is on the other hand of a magnetically permeable material such as cast iron, the flux lines will travel through the pipe, but will heat it causing the same curing effect as is achieved with the use of particulate material in the lining.
  • each magnet generates both a forward and reverse magnetic field 52 and 54 having regard to the position of the lining, so that upon rotation of the magnets by driving of the rotor, the field reversal effect will take place as described herebefore.
  • Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 6, but shows the magnetic arrangement of Fig. 8. Similar reference numerals have been used for those parts already described in relation to Fig. 6 so that further description is not necessary.
  • the magnet shown in Figs. 8 and 9 are shown as discrete magnets, but they could be fabricated by a construction method using a single tubular magnet which is bonded to the spindle and then axial grooves are cut in the tubular magnet to provide the individual magnetic segments. These segments as shown in Fig. 9 are wedge shaped, but they could be shaped in any way that enhances magnetic field shape.
  • Figs. 8 and 9 has a number of advantages over the embodiment of Figs. 5 to 7 in that it allows a greater number of poles to achieve a higher frequency at the same speed of revolution of the spindle; it allows a greater gap length between the poles and the lining for increased usability and versatility; and it allows better shaping of the magnetic fields.
  • the unit which is traversed along the inside of the pipeline with the lining applied thereto may be encased in a plastic casing in order to isolate it from the surrounding water when water inflation is used.
  • the temperature inside the pipeline As heat is generated for the purposes of effecting the cure of the resin, it may be desirable to provide for regulation of the temperature inside the pipeline, because the temperature could become uncontrolled if the apparatus was simply drawn through the pipe at some predetermined speed based upon average conditions.
  • the rate of heat transfer varies depending upon a number of factors including ground temperature, water temperature (water inflation) lining thickness, and where provided the distribution of inductive particles.
  • the heating mode arises because of the bulk resistivity of the pipe, the heating effect will depend upon the state of the pipe i.e. whether or not it is corroded, and whether or not it has cracks or the like. Heating in such circumstances could be quite random.
  • One method for providing for heating regulation is to control by curie temperature regulation.
  • curie temperature is the temperature at which magnetic materials loose all their magnetic properties and their relative permeability falls from a high value to almost zero. In the case of some ferrites, this change takes place over only a few degrees rise in temperature.
  • Different grades of ferrites can be selected with curie temperatures of between 120°C to 300°C.
  • ferrite as the heat generating particulate material would mean that the system could self-regulate in temperature, because as soon as the ferrite reaches its curie temperature it becomes non-magnetic meaning that it liberates no more heat as a result in the changing flux.
  • Ferrite materials do have a major drawback which is cost in that they are expensive.
  • ferrite materials can be used for the heat regulation advantage which is achieved and discussed above.
  • sensing of the temperature of any section of the lining can be effected by monitoring the fluid pressure to the drive motor 38.
  • the ferrite material in a section of the lining has reached the curie temperature, this would be indicated by a reduction in take off power of the fluid motor as the ferrite switches off at the curie temperature.
  • This reduction in power would be accompanied by a pressure drop in the feed line to the motor, and this signal could be used to regulate the speed of progression of the equipment along a pipe. A system of heat regulation is therefore achieved.
  • Another method of monitoring the heating effect comprises an infra-red sensing method.
  • Fibre optics in the form of cables could be used to form a sensing array by having ends along the length and around the diameter of the casing housing the apparatus, for example is shown diagrammatically in Fig.10.
  • Such an arrangement provides a three-dimensional view of the "hotness" of the lining section surrounding the apparatus.
  • the apparatus casing is indicated by reference numeral 60
  • the fibre optic cables by reference 62.
  • These cables have ends as indicated at 64 in the casing 60 and the ends look radially outwards at the surrounding lining.
  • the cables are led back to a CCD chip camera grid 66, the camera being infra-red sensitive.
  • Reference numeral 68 represents the video cable connecting the CCD chip to ground level.
  • Each fibre 62 conducts only the electromagnetic radiation to a single pixel on the CCD array device 66 which preferably is housed in a magnetically inactive and isolated part of the apparatus.
  • the video output of the device 66 could be transmitted to a TV screen above ground with possible computer generation of a suitably modified geometry image.
  • a human operator or a computer control system could monitor the output of the fibre optic cables and control the rotational speed of the fluid motor 38 and/or the speed it travels through the pipe to achieve a controlled, multistep cure.
  • a control loop could be provided based on this system of sensing which is thermomapping, to adjust the position of the apparatus in relation to the centre line of the pipe to cater for thermovariations circumferentially of the lining.
  • the output power could therefore be directed to arcuate lengths of the lining to ensure even curing.
  • the apparatus could be designed deliberately under size and could be designed to be driven for example along a continually circular path around the pipe axis, with one side of the unit at any time outputting most of the power. This would allow highly precise, targetted and control curing of every part of the lining.
  • optical fibres as described above, which fibres may be of glass or plastic polymer, provides the advantage that the fibres would not interact with the magnetic induction fields. There should be relatively little adsorption of the infra-red radiation in the water when water inflation is used because of the short distances from the lining to the apparatus housing. In any event, it is frequency information which provides the temperature indication, and the frequency should not be effected by signals passing through the water.
  • fibre optics is preferred to electronic sensors, because with electronic sensors, induced currents could give false readings, and they could distort the magnetic fields.
  • the equipment runs completely cold and there is no interference from either very hot induction coils or from the surrounding water.
  • the apparatus may be propelled through the pipeline in any suitable manner, such as by the use of towing cables, but another advantage can be achieved if a fluid power drive system is used in that if the outlet is allowed to discharge directly into the pipe, it can provide in effect a jet thrust for the apparatus to cause it to be propelled along the pipe.
  • a fluid power drive system is used in that if the outlet is allowed to discharge directly into the pipe, it can provide in effect a jet thrust for the apparatus to cause it to be propelled along the pipe.
  • a 100 kW water based unit under no load would be equivalent to having a 130 horsepower outboard motor operated to drive it down the pipe.
  • the inlet hose 40 being full of water would be neutrally buoyant where water inflation is used and it will offer little if any resistance to the forward movement of the apparatus.
  • the apparatus will in fact be subject to a fairly large torque which will tend to rotate the whole apparatus and its housing.
  • the means for holding the apparatus in the pipe must be appropriately designed or alternatively there could be dual and contra rotating magnet systems to nullify the torque effect.
  • Fingers or arms may be provided to keep the apparatus central of the pipe as it moves therealong.
  • FIGs. 11 and 12. show an apparatus for use in the same fashion as the apparatus already described in relation to the earlier figures. In the arrangement shown in Figs.
  • the apparatus comprises a hollow central core sleeve 70 which is of a magnetisable material and indeed is magnetised so as to define a plurality of similar poles, in this case south poles, on the outer surface, and the opposite poles, in this case north poles, along the inside surface.
  • the rotor 72 is also sleeve-like, and is formed with a number of permanent magnets 74 between which are axially slots 76.
  • the magnets 74 have in this case outer surface north poles and inner surface south poles so that the inner surface south poles face the south poles on the core sleeve 70.
  • the central sleeve 70 can be stationarily mounted whilst the sleeve 72 is free to rotate. Rotation is achieved by means of a water nozzle 78 from which issues a jet 80 of water which in turn impinges upon driving buckets 82 fixedly connected to the sleeve 74.
  • the sleeve 72 is adapted to be driven in anti-clockwise direction, and it would be appreciated that the buckets 82 are disposed around the entire circumference of the sleeve 72.
  • the apparatus is shown in Fig. 11 as having an outer stationary cover sleeve 86 of the construction hereinbefore described.
  • Fig. 12 shows that for the balancing of the rotation reaction torque, two sections 88 and 90 may be provided in that the rotating sleeve 72A of the section 88 is adapted to be rotated in the opposite direction from rotating sleeve section 72B, and the water nozzle 78A is arranged to have its jet 80A impinge on the buckets 82A so as to drive the section 88 anti-clockwise, whilst the nozzle 80B is arranged to be of opposite hand and the buckets 82B face in the opposite direction so that jet 80B impinges the buckets 82B to drive the section 90 in a clockwise direction.
  • An advantage of the arrangement described is that the hollow centre 92 allows a flow of the liquid through the apparatus as described hereinbefore, and restriction to flow can be made as low as possible. Provision of a magnetic bearing means no bearing wear and the magnetic repulsion has the effect of providing a better shape to the magnetic fields 84 for the intended purposes.
  • Figure 12 illustrates graphically the feature mentioned herein that it is preferable for the magnets to be shaped to conform to a gentle helical curve.
  • the magnets of the respective sections are indicated by the reference numeral 74A and 74B, whilst the axial slots are indicated by the references 76A and 76B.
  • Figs. 13 and 14 are included to show the relationship between flux density and power losses for iron powder (Fig. 13), and a ferrite 3C85 (Fig. 12). These graphs which are logarithmic plots show that there is a linear arrangement between power losses and frequency, but also that the power losses increase sharply with increased flux density.
  • Figures 15 to 23 show another embodiment of the invention, wherein the magnets are carried by a stationary cylindrical body and commutators are used for magnetic field distribution, which has the advantages hereinbefore referred to, and referring to these figures, the machine comprises a main shaft 110 which is supported for rotation in bearings 112, 114.
  • the shaft receives its drive and rotates in use by virtue of carrying an impeller 116 which is driven by low pressure fluid which in fact fills the inside of the lining tube 118 and passes from the right hand end of the assembly through the path indicated by arrows over the impeller plastes, and exits from the left hand end of the machine shown in Fig. 15.
  • the shaft 110 carries a pair of bushes 120, 122 on which are mounted commutator members 124 and 126, the function and purpose of which will be explained hereinafter.
  • the described components comprise the rotary part of the machine.
  • the remainder of the machine is stationary, and it is adapted to be pulled through the interior of the lining tube 118 by means of a clevis eye 128 to which a suitable pulling rope will be attached. It can be appreciated that the machine moves from left to right in the figure as it performs its operation.
  • the purpose of the commutator members 124 and 126 is to distribute an alternating magnetic field through a pair of distributor rings 130 and 132 of a suitable magnetically permeable material whereby the alternating magnetic field will pass from the peripheries of the rings 130 and 132 outwardly and along through the material of the lining tube 118.
  • the magnetic field is established by a plurality of magnetic plate segments 136, each of which is generally U-shaped as shown in Fig. 15, and comprises three sections 136A, 136B and 136C which are connected together in order to define alternate north and south poles at the faces which are opposed to the commutator members 124 and 126.
  • this alternating magnetic field causes particles in the lining to be magnetically activated and to heat up which has the effect of softening the lining if it is of a thermoplastic material to enable it to be expanded onto the surface of the pipeline or passageway to be lined, or of effecting curing of a synthetic resin where the lining tube is one which is impregnated with a synthetic resin containing the said particles.
  • the clevis eye 128 is carried by an end collar 140 which is bolted to a support sleeve 142, the end collar 140 and sleeve 142 having in registration axial apertures to allow the passage of the driving fluid therethrough as indicated by the arrows.
  • the collar 142 supports a flexible seal member 144 which is in the form of a ring having a flanged end which bears against the inner surface of the lining in order to form a pressure seal to ensure that upstream of the clevis pin 128 a sufficient pressure will be established to cause the driving fluid to flow through the machine to drive the impeller 116.
  • the cap 140 receives in a central boss thereof the centre of a fixing ring 146, to which the distribution ring 132 is attached by means of bolts 148. These bolts 148 extend between the magnets 136 and anchor to the distribution ring 130 at the other end of the magnet assembly, and the bolts also anchor an end cap 150 at the other end of the machine.
  • Rings 146 and 152 preferably are of magnetically insulating material in order to ensure that the magnetic flux will not be lost through the end of the machine, and will be directed outwardly of the distribution rings 130 and 132 as described hereinbefore.
  • the various rings are appropriately apertured to allow the flow of driving fluid, which typically will be air, through the machine.
  • the magnets 136 are radially arranged, and are separated by magnetically insulating filler segments 154.
  • Figs. 21, 22 and 23 are useful in explaining the functioning of the machine and the arrangement of the commutating members 124 and 126.
  • the magnets 136 which are permanent magnets, have their north and south poles arranged in alternating configuration.
  • the first magnet as shown in Figs. 21 has its north pole at the left hand end of the machine and its south pole at the right hand end
  • the next magnet has its south pole end at the left hand end of the machine, with the north pole at the right hand end of the machine and so on.
  • the commutation members are in the form of bridge elements 160 which in the example shown are arranged in staggered pairs at opposite ends of the magnets so that each bridge element 160 bridges a pair of magnet ends, and taking the four bridge pieces together, they link five magnets to provide a continuous magnetic path of sinuous form.
  • the fingers 162 on collector strips 164 are arranged to form the pick-up points for the ends of these magnetic paths, and these fingers are arranged as shown so that in any particular magnetically conducting condition, there will be magnets 136X which are isolated or neutralised.
  • Fig. 21 shows the commutator in a position in which the left hand collector strip 164 is a south pole and the right hand collector strip 164 is a north pole.
  • the magnetic field therefore in Fig. 21 will be such that the distributor ring 130 is the south pole of the magnetic field, and the distributor ring 132 is the north pole.
  • Fig. 22 shows a position when the commutators 124 and 126 have moved relative to the magnets, but have not yet reached the alternate position when the left hand collector strip 164 becomes a north pole and the right hand becomes a south pole.
  • Fig. 23 which is the position when the commutator has moved one magnetic pole pitch relative to the magnets 136.
  • the diagrams are self explanatory insofar as the magnetic field between the strips 164 has now reversed and therefore the magnetic field through the lining tube will have reversed. It will be understood that the commutator members pass the magnets at high speed and therefore there will be high speed magnetic field fluctuation to achieve the effect as described hereinbefore.
  • the bridge member 160 may be located under the north and south poles of the magnets as shown in Fig. 15, whilst the collector strip 164 may be located in radial alignment with the inner ends of the distribution discs 130 and 132.
  • the present machine provides an excellent construction for providing the alternating magnetic field required to achieve activation of the magnetic particles in the lining tube and has all of the advantages herein set forth.
  • FIG. 25 and 26 Another embodiment of the invention, which makes us of vibration set up using a rotor of magnets, similar to the rotor of Fig. 6 or 8, is shown in Figs 25 and 26, whilst Fig. 24 shows a prior proposal for comparison with Figs. 25 and 26.
  • a lining material 210 of resin absorbent material and impregnated with a specially formulated resin including a microencapsulated catalyst is held against the surface of an underground pipeline by fluid pressure, applied for example by air or water.
  • an ultrasonic electrical power source 212 which is connected to an ultrasonic generator 214 inside the lining underground, the generator 214 embodying an ultrasonic transducer of the electromagnetic or piezo electric type.
  • Long and robust cables 216 connect the power source of the generator.
  • the generator is arranged to generate ultrasonic waves in the medium which pressurises and inflates the liner, such waves as indicated by reference 218 being generated so as to propogate along the axis of the underground passageway.
  • the waves however impinge upon a reflector 220 which causes the waves to be directed radially outwardly as shown at 222 with the effect that the sonic waves or vibrations are caused to impinge upon the liner 10 in a radial direction.
  • This generates the high frequency mechanical agitation in the resin, which in turn causes the microcapsules to disintegrate whereby the catalyst contained therein is released.
  • the release of the catalyst into the resin mix causes conventional curing of the resin to take place so that the lining 10 becomes a hard rigid lining pipe on the passageway surface.
  • the travelling waves and the vibrations generated are at a frequency range above the upper frequency audible to humans, and therefore are at a range greater than >20Khz.
  • Figs. 25 and 26 show an embodiment of the present invention whereby sets of magnets are used in order to generate vibrations.
  • a first set of permanent magnets defining north and south poles define a rotor 230 which is rotatable about an axis defined by a drive shaft 232 by which a fluid motor 234 is connected to the rotor 230.
  • Shaft 232 in use as shown lies along the axis of the pipeline or passageway, and the fluid motor casing supports a rigid steel housing 236 for a purpose to be explained.
  • the rotor 230 is made up of alternating north and south poles which are of wedge shape, and they are arranged to lie face to face so that north and south poles alter circumferentially around the outer surface of the rotor.
  • the shaft 232 extends beyond the right-hand end of the rotor 230 and supports on a bearing another housing similar to housing 236, again for a purpose to be explained.
  • the magnets of the first set of magnets of rotor 230 are permanent magnets, but they could be electromagnets in other embodiments of the invention.
  • the second set of magnets comprises a series of curved plates, which may be of magnetic material as opposed to being permanent magnets, although permanent magnets are preferred. These curved plates together make up a continuous ring surrounding the rotor 230, and the angle subtended by each plate is equal to the angle subtended by each of the wedge shaped magnets of the rotor 230, or a slightly less angle so that there will be gaps between the magnet plates of a second set of magnets as shown in Fig. 25.
  • the second set of magnets have alternate south and north poles as shown and the ring defined by these magnets is concentric with the axis of the rotor 230.
  • Rotation of the rotor 230 causes the magnets of the second set alternately to be attracted and repulsed by the rotor magnets as the rotor is rotated.
  • Fig. 25 shows the plate magnets of the second set in the repulsed condition, where like poles of the first set face like poles of the second set.
  • Fig. 26 shows the condition in which the outer second set of magnets is attracted to the rotor magnets and opposite poles lie opposite.
  • the second set of magnets is oscillated in a radial direction, at a frequency determined by the number of poles on the rotor and the speed of rotation of the rotor. These frequencies can be up to ultrasonic.
  • the inflating fluid is water. It is preferred that water be the inflating fluid for the transmission of the vibrations from the plate magnets of the second set radially outwardly as shown by reference 236 onto the lining 10 to cause curing of the resin in the same manner as herebefore described in relation to Fig. 24.
  • the second set of magnets is mounted on an outer flexible housing material 240 which is in the form of a flexible sleeve having its ends anchored by flexible joints to the housings 236 at the left and right hand ends of the apparatus. This enables the set of magnets to oscillate evenly and radially to produce the vibrations.
  • Sleeve 240 preferably is of flexible plastics material.
  • the magnets of the second set are oscillated back and forth in a radial direction expanding and contracting the flexible sleeve 240, generating high levels of sound energy with minimum losses.
  • the energy is generated in a radial plane to ensure that all of the energy is utilised in impinging upon the lining material for effecting the cure of the resin.
  • the entire lining is cured by progressively moving the apparatus of Figs. 25 and 26 through the lining.
  • Fluid motor 234 may be a water turbine or an air or hydraulic motor.
  • the apparatus will of course be designed to fit as neatly as possible into the lining consistent with the apparatus performing its function, because the smaller the distance which the generator has to transmit vibrations through the surrounding fluid, the better.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La machine décrite possède un corps cylindrique réalisé à partir d'aimants (32, 34) disposés radialement, sous forme de minces segments façonnés, qui établissent des champs magnétiques (33, 35), lesquels sont disposés soit directement, soit à l'aide d'un distributeur/collecteur, afin de s'étendre radialement. La rotation des aimants ou du collecteur peut provoquer l'inversion à haute fréquence des champs radiaux et on utilise cette énergie alternative haute fréquence, afin d'activer le tube de chemisage à travers lequel on fait passer la machine.
PCT/GB1995/001336 1994-10-14 1995-06-08 Procedes et machines utiles dans le chemisage de pipe-lines et de conduites WO1996011783A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU26273/95A AU2627395A (en) 1994-10-14 1995-06-08 Methods for and machines for use in the lining of pipelines and passageways

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9420785.9 1994-10-14
GB9420785A GB9420785D0 (en) 1994-10-14 1994-10-14 Improvements relating to magnetic induction machines
GB9423600A GB9423600D0 (en) 1994-11-23 1994-11-23 Improvements relating to magnetic induction machines
GB9423600.7 1994-11-23

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WO1996011783A1 true WO1996011783A1 (fr) 1996-04-25

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998057789A1 (fr) * 1997-06-19 1998-12-23 Rice, Doreen Procede et appareil de cuisson du revetement interieur de tuyaux
WO2016186919A1 (fr) * 2015-05-20 2016-11-24 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Racleur électromagnétique pour pipelines de gaz et de pétrole
GB2527821B (en) * 2014-07-03 2017-05-03 Craley Group Ltd Improvements in or in relation to pipe liners and the installation thereof
CN113927828A (zh) * 2021-09-07 2022-01-14 刘一铭 一种高精度、高稳定性立式注塑机
DE102021107399A1 (de) 2021-03-24 2022-09-29 I.S.T. Innovative Sewer Technologies Gmbh Auskleidungsschlauch, Aushärtevorrichung, System und Verfahren für die grabenlose Kanalsanierung

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2418479A (en) * 1944-02-16 1947-04-08 Du Pont Process for orienting ferromagnetic flakes in paint films
WO1993015131A2 (fr) * 1992-01-17 1993-08-05 Brian Burnett Chandler Systemes de resines durcissables et applications correspondantes

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2418479A (en) * 1944-02-16 1947-04-08 Du Pont Process for orienting ferromagnetic flakes in paint films
WO1993015131A2 (fr) * 1992-01-17 1993-08-05 Brian Burnett Chandler Systemes de resines durcissables et applications correspondantes

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998057789A1 (fr) * 1997-06-19 1998-12-23 Rice, Doreen Procede et appareil de cuisson du revetement interieur de tuyaux
US6364991B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2002-04-02 Rice Associates Method and apparatus for curing the lining of a pipe
GB2527821B (en) * 2014-07-03 2017-05-03 Craley Group Ltd Improvements in or in relation to pipe liners and the installation thereof
US10359143B2 (en) 2014-07-03 2019-07-23 Craley Group Limited Pipe liners and the installation thereof
WO2016186919A1 (fr) * 2015-05-20 2016-11-24 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Racleur électromagnétique pour pipelines de gaz et de pétrole
US20180141091A1 (en) * 2015-05-20 2018-05-24 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System Electromagnetic pig for oil and gas pipelines
DE102021107399A1 (de) 2021-03-24 2022-09-29 I.S.T. Innovative Sewer Technologies Gmbh Auskleidungsschlauch, Aushärtevorrichung, System und Verfahren für die grabenlose Kanalsanierung
CN113927828A (zh) * 2021-09-07 2022-01-14 刘一铭 一种高精度、高稳定性立式注塑机

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