WO1996007960B1 - A synchronous switching cascade connected offline pfc-pwm combination power converter controller - Google Patents
A synchronous switching cascade connected offline pfc-pwm combination power converter controllerInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996007960B1 WO1996007960B1 PCT/US1995/011021 US9511021W WO9607960B1 WO 1996007960 B1 WO1996007960 B1 WO 1996007960B1 US 9511021 W US9511021 W US 9511021W WO 9607960 B1 WO9607960 B1 WO 9607960B1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- stage
- switch
- converter
- coupled
- synchronous switching
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract 31
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 241000269627 Amphiuma means Species 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
Abstract
A synchronous switching cascade connected power converter includes a first power factor correction converter stage and a second DC to DC converter stage for generating an output voltage in response to an input voltage and current. The output voltage (Vout) is controlled by a circuit which measures a level of current within the circuit, compares that level to a predetermined desired level, and develops a response elsewhere in the circuit. Leading edge modulation for the first stage and trailing edge modulation for the second stage is implemented to realize synchronous switching between the two power stages. A single reference clock signal (CLK) is used to control both the power stages. The duty cycle of the first stage is varied according to the input voltage (Vin). The duty cycle of the second stage is ideally held constant at fifty percent but will vary as the input voltage to this stage varies. A comparator (128) is coupled to the first stage for comparing an output voltage (Vout) to a threshold value and preventing the second stage from turning on if the output voltage of the first stage is below the threshold value.
Claims
AMENDED CLAIMS
[received by the International Bureau on 15 March 1996 (15.03.96);
original claims 1-12 cancelled; original claims 13, 15, 16 and 23 amended;
new claims 23-35 added; remaining claims unchanged (6 pages)] 13. A synchronous switching cascade connected power converter for generating an output voltage in response to an input voltage, comprising:
a. means for receiving an input voltage;
b. a first power factor correction converter stage
coupled to the means for receiving and including a first switch;
c. at least one or more additional converter stages coupled in cascade to the first power factor
correction converter stage, each additional converter stage having a switch; and
d. means for controlling the switches coupled to the first switch, the switch of each additional stage and the output voltage for synchronously switching the first switch and the switch of each additional stage in response to a single clock reference signal, the first switch having a first varying duty cycle which is controlled by the means for controlling and varies in response to changes in the input voltage for maintaining a constant output voltage, the switches of each of the additional stages having a second fixed duty cycle which is also controlled by the means for controlling. 14. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 13 further comprising a
comparator coupled to the first stage for comparing an output voltage of the first stage to a threshold value, wherein the comparator prevents the additional stage from turning on if the output voltage of the first stage is below the threshold value.
15. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 14 further comprising means for capturing a portion of power lost due to the switch of each additional power converter stage, the means for capturing coupled to the first switch and to the switch of each
converter stage. 16. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 15 wherein the means for capturing comprises a first plurality of capturing circuits, each coupled to the first switch and the switch of each additional converter stage and wherein the first plurality each include a switch. 17. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 16 wherein the means for capturing further comprises a second plurality of capturing circuits coupled to the first plurality of capturing circuits for capturing a portion of the power lost due to the switches of the first plurality. 16. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 17 wherein only one additional converter stage converter stage is coupled to the first power factor correction stage. 19. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 18 wherein the input voltage is an AC voltage, the first power factor correction converter stage is an AC to DC converter stage and the additional converter stage is a DC to DC converter. 20. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 19 wherein the first stage is a boost converter stage.
21. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 20 wherein the additional converter stage further comprises a first transconductance amplifier and a second transconductance amplifier, the second transconductance amplifier coupled to the first
transconductance amplifier and to the output voltage for speeding up a loop response of the second stage. 22. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 13 wherein leading edge
modulation is used to vary the first variable duty cycle of the first switch and trailing edge modulation is used to maintain the second fixed duty cycle of the second switch at a constant value. 23. A synchronous switching cascade connected power converter for generating an output voltage in response to an input voltage, comprising:
a. a first power factor correction converter stage
coupled to the input voltage and to the output voltage, including a first switch having a first parasitic capacitance, in which leading edge
modulation is used to vary a first variable duty cycle of the first switch relative to a level of the input voltage in order to maintain a constant output voltage;
b. a second converter stage coupled in cascade to the first power factor correction converter stage and coupled to the output voltage, including a second switch having a second parasitic capacitance, in which trailing edge modulation is used to maintain a second constant duty cycle of the second switch;
c. a comparator coupled to the first stage for
comparing the output voltage of the first stage to a threshold value and preventing the second stage from
turning on if the output voltage of the first stage is less than the threshold value;
d. control circuitry coupled to the first power factor correction converter stage and to the second
converter stage for controlling the first variable duty cycle of the first switch and the second constant duty cycle of the second switch so that the first switch and the second switch are synchronously controlled by a single clock reference signal; and e. a capturing circuit coupled to the first switch and to the second switch for capturing a portion of power lost due to the first and second parasitic capacitances. 24. A synchronous switching cascade connected power converter comprising:
a. means for receiving an input voltage;
b. a first power factor correction converter stage
coupled to the means for receiving and including a first switch;
c. at least one additional converter stage coupled in cascade to the first power factor correction
converter stage, each additional converter stage having a switch; and
d. means for synchronously controlling the first switch and the switch of each additional stage for maintaining a constant output voltage. 25. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in clairr 24 further comprising first means for capturing a portion of power lost due to the first switch, the first means for capturing coupled to the first switch.
26. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 25 further comprising second means for capturing a portion of power lost due to the switch of each additional converter stage, the second means for capturing coupled to the switch of each additional converter stages. 27. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 24 wherein a last stage of the at least one additional converter stages forms the output voltage. 28. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 27 wherein the input voltage is an AC voltage, the first stage is an AC to DC converter stage and the last stage is a DC to DC converter. 29. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 28 further comprising a
comparator coupled to the first stage for comparing an output voltage of the first stage to a threshold value. 30. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 29 whereir, the comparator prevents the last stage from turning on if the output voltage of the first stage is below the threshold value. 31. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 30 wherein the first stage is a boost converter stage. 32. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 31 wherein the last stage further comprises a first, transconductance amplifier and a second transconductance amplifier, the second transconductance
amplifier coupled to the first transconductance amplifier and to the output voltage for speeding up a loop response of the last stage. 33. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 27 wherein the switch of the first stage has a first variable duty cycle and the switch of the last stage has a second fixed duty cycle. 34. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 33 wherein the means for synchronously switching comprises control circuitry for controlling the first variable duty cycle and the second fixed duty cycle. 35. The synchronous switching cascade connected power converter as claimed in claim 27 wherein the means for
synchronously controlling comprises a clock circuit for forming a periodic clock signal wherein leading edge
modulation is used to control the first switch and trailing edge modulation is used to control the switch of the last stage.
STATEMENT UNDER ARΗCLE 19
The examiner indicated that claims 1, 13, 14, and 22 cannot be considered novel or to involve an inventive step over Arakawa or Brown and that claims 2-12, 15-2 (sic), and 23 cannot be considered to involve an inventive step over Garcia et al. in view of one or more other such documents.
The applicant respectfully disagrees. Claims 1-12 have been cancelled by the Applicant. Therefore, the relevancy of the documents to those claims is moot.
Each of claims 13, 14 (because dependent from claim 13) and 22 (also because dependent upon claim 13), (and new claim 24) recite that the invention is coupled in cascade. Persons skilled in the an would know that "coupled in cascade" means that an output of a first stage is coupled to an input of a second stage. By inspecting Figure 1 of Brown, it can be seen that the voltage regulators 30 and 32 are not coupled in a cascade configuration; there is no connection of the output of one ofthe regulators to the input of the other. Therefore, because Brown does not disclose cascade connected stages, Brown cannot anticipate claims 13, 14 and 22 (and new claim 24).
Further, claim 13 recites synchronously switching the first switch and the switch of each additional stage in response to a single clock reference signal. New claim 24 recites means for synchronously controlling the first switch and the switch of each additional stage.
In contrast, Brown does not disclose that the switches 54 and 109 are synchronized, by a single clock signal, or otherwise. Rather, the regulators 38, 30 of Brown control the switches 54, 109 independently of each other and based solely upon a level ofthe corresponding output voltage V1, V2; the switches 54 and 109 are not synchronized to each other. This is another reason why claims 13, 14 and 22 (and new claim 24) are distinguishable over Brown.
Further, neither does Arakawa disclose that switches Q1 and Q2 are synchronized. Like Brown, the control circuits 2,3 of Arakawa control the switches Q1, Q2
independently of each other and based solely upon a level of the corresponding output voltage V2, V3; the switches Q1 and Q2 are not synchronized to each other. Thus, claims 13, 14 and 22 (and new claim 24) are all distinguishable over Arakawa.
Therefore, claims 13, 14 and 22 (and new claim 24) are allowable over the references. In addition, because claims 14-22 (and new claims 25-35) are dependent from an allowable base claim, they too are allowable.
Further, claim 23, like claim 13, recites synchronously switching the first switch and the switch ofeach additional stage in response to a single clock reference signal.
Thus, claim 23 is also allowable over the references because the references do not disclose, either singly, or in combination, synchronous switching of a switch of a first stage and a switch of a second stage.
In view of the above, the Applicant respectfully submits that all of the pending claims 13-35 are allowable over the references.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/300,475 US5565761A (en) | 1994-09-02 | 1994-09-02 | Synchronous switching cascade connected offline PFC-PWM combination power converter controller |
| US08/300,475 | 1994-09-02 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996007960A1 WO1996007960A1 (en) | 1996-03-14 |
| WO1996007960B1 true WO1996007960B1 (en) | 1996-05-17 |
Family
ID=23159248
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1995/011021 WO1996007960A1 (en) | 1994-09-02 | 1995-08-24 | A synchronous switching cascade connected offline pfc-pwm combination power converter controller |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5565761A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996007960A1 (en) |
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