+

WO1996007739A2 - Recepteurs de type 3 de l'interleukine 1 - Google Patents

Recepteurs de type 3 de l'interleukine 1 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1996007739A2
WO1996007739A2 PCT/US1995/012037 US9512037W WO9607739A2 WO 1996007739 A2 WO1996007739 A2 WO 1996007739A2 US 9512037 W US9512037 W US 9512037W WO 9607739 A2 WO9607739 A2 WO 9607739A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
type
receptor
sequence
amino acid
interleukin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1995/012037
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1996007739A3 (fr
Inventor
Timothy W. Lovenberg
Tilman Oltersdorf
Chen W. Liaw
William Clevenger
Errol B. Desouza
Original Assignee
Neurocrine Biosciences, Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Neurocrine Biosciences, Incorporated filed Critical Neurocrine Biosciences, Incorporated
Priority to JP8509726A priority Critical patent/JPH10508743A/ja
Priority to AU36805/95A priority patent/AU705595B2/en
Priority to EP95934482A priority patent/EP0779923A2/fr
Publication of WO1996007739A2 publication Critical patent/WO1996007739A2/fr
Publication of WO1996007739A3 publication Critical patent/WO1996007739A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
    • C07K14/715—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for cytokines; for lymphokines; for interferons
    • C07K14/7155—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for cytokines; for lymphokines; for interferons for interleukins [IL]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to cell surface receptors, and more specifically, to Interleukin-1 Type 3 receptors.
  • Interleukin- 1 (“IL-1 ”) is a cytokine which is known to be a key mediator of immunological and pathological responses to stress, infection and antigenic challenge (Oppenheim et al., Immunol. Today 7:45-46, 1986; Dinarello, FASEB J. 2: 108-1 15, 1988; and Mizel, FASEB J. 3:2379-2388, 1989).
  • IL-1 is known to have a variety of effects on the brain and central nervous system. For example, IL-1 has been postulated to be involved in the induction of fever (Kluger, Physiol. Rev. 77:93-127, 1991), increased duration of slow wave sleep (Opp et al., Am. J.
  • Type I receptors bind both IL-l ⁇ and IL-l ⁇ , and can be found on T cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, synovial lining cells, chondrocytes and hepatocytes (U.S. Patent Nos.
  • Type II receptors can be found on various B cell lines, including the Raji human B-cell lymphoma line (Bomsztyk et al., PNAS 56:8034-8038, 1989; Horuk et al., J. Biol. Chem. 262:16275-16278, 1987; Horuk and McCubrey, Biochem. J. 260:657-663, 1989).
  • the present invention provides new, previously unidentified Interleukin receptors, designated Interleukin- 1 Type 3 receptors ("IL-I R").
  • IL-I R Interleukin- 1 Type 3 receptors
  • the present invention provides compositions and methods which utilize such receptors, as well as other, related advantages. Summary of the Invention
  • the present invention provides compositions and methods which comprise Interleukin- 1 Type 3 receptors.
  • isolated nucleic acid molecules are provided which encode Interleukin- 1 Type 3 receptors.
  • the isolated nucleic acid molecules comprise the sequence of nucleotides in Sequence I.D. No. 1, from nucleotide number 129 to nucleotide number 1814.
  • the isolated nucleic acid molecules encode a protein having the amino acid sequence of Sequence I.D. No. 2, from amino acid number 1 to amino acid number 562.
  • isolated nucleic acid molecules are provided in Sequence I.D. No. 3, from nucleotide number 89 to nucleotide number 1771.
  • nucleic acid molecules encode a protein having the amino acid sequence of Sequence I.D. No. 4, from amino acid number 1 to amino acid number 561.
  • Nucleic acid molecules which encode IL-1 Type 3 receptors of the present invention may be isolated from virtually any warm-blooded animal, including for example, humans, macaques, horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, rats and mice.
  • isolated nucleic acid molecules which encode soluble Interleukin- 1 Type 3 receptors.
  • the isolated nucleic acid molecules comprise the sequence of nucleotides in Sequence I.D. No. 1, from nucleotide number 129 to nucleotide number 1136.
  • the isolated nucleic acid molecules encode a protein having the amino acid sequence of Sequence I.D. No. 2, from amino acid number 1 to amino acid number 336.
  • the nucleic acid molecules comprise the sequence of nucleotides in Sequence I.D. No. 3, from nucleotide number 89 to nucleotide number 1102.
  • nucleic acid molecules encode a protein having the amino acid sequence of Sequence I.D. No. 4, from amino acid number 1 to amino acid number 338.
  • nucleic acid molecules which encode soluble IL-1 Type 3 receptors of the present invention may be isolated from virtually any warm-blooded animal, including for example, humans, macaques, horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, rats and mice.
  • expression vectors are provided which are capable of expressing the above-described nucleic acid molecules.
  • such vectors comprise a promoter operably linked to one of the above-described nucleic acid molecules.
  • recombinant viral vectors are provided which are capable of directing the expression of one of the above described nucleic acid molecules.
  • Representative examples of such viral vectors include retroviral vectors, adenoviral vectors, and he ⁇ es simplex virus vectors.
  • host cells containing one of the above-described recombinant vectors.
  • isolated Interleukin- 1 Type 3 receptors are provided. Within one embodiment, such receptors have the amino acid sequence of Sequence I.D. No. 2, from amino acid number 1 to amino acid number 562. Within another embodiment, the receptors have the sequence of Sequence I.D. No. 4, from amino acid number 1 to amino acid number 561. Within yet further aspects of the invention, isolated soluble Interleukin- 1 Type 3 receptors are provided. Within one embodiment, the isolated soluble Interleukin- 1 Type 3 receptors have the amino acid sequence of Sequence I.D. No. 2, from amino acid number 1 to amino acid number 336. Within another embodiment, the soluble receptors have the sequence of Sequence I.D. No. 4, from amino acid number 1 to amino acid number 338.
  • isolated antibodies capable of specifically binding to an Interleukin- 1 Type 3 receptor are provided.
  • the antibody may be selected from the group consisting of polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, and antibody fragments.
  • antibodies are provided which are capable of blocking the binding of IL-1 to an Interleukin- 1 Type 3 receptor.
  • the antibody is selected from the group consisting of murine and human antibodies.
  • the present invention also provides hybridomas which produces an antibody as described above.
  • nucleic acid molecules are provided which are capable of specifically hybridizing to a nucleic acid molecule encoding any of the Interleukin- 1 Type 3 receptors described above.
  • Such molecules may be between at least "y" nucleotides long, wherein "y” is any integer between 14 and 2044, and furthermore, may be selected suitable for use as probes or primers described below.
  • Particularly preferred probes of the present invention are at least 18 nucleotides in length.
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates a rat IL-1 type 3 receptor.
  • Figure 2 is a table which lists the homology of a human IL-1 type 3 receptor with its rat homologue, and other interleukin receptors.
  • Figure 3 is a graph which shows stimulation of a reporter product via a human IL-1 type 3 receptor.
  • Figure 4 is a graph which shows the expression pattern of the IL-1 Type
  • Figures 5 A and B are two graphs wh ich show inhibition of thymocyte proliferation by soluble IL-1 receptors.z
  • Interleukin- 1 Type 3 Receptors refers to receptor proteins which bind Interleukin- 1 ( ⁇ or ⁇ ), and, when expressed on a cell surface, transduce the signal provided by Interleukin- 1 to the cell, thereby mediating a biological effect within the cell.
  • IL-1 Type 3 receptors exist as membrane bound proteins, consisting of an extracellular domain, transmembrane domain, and intracellular domain (see Figure 1).
  • IL-1-3R may be distinguished from other Interleukin-1 receptors based upon criteria such as affinity of substrate binding, tissue distribution, and sequence homology.
  • IL-1-3R of the present invention should be greater than 50% homologous, preferably greater than 75% to 80% homologous, more preferably greater than 85% to 90% homologous, and most preferably greater than 92%, 95%, or 97% homologous to the IL-1-3R disclosed herein (e.g., Sequence I.D. No. 1).
  • IL1-3R should be understood to include not only the proteins which are disclosed herein, but substantially similar derivatives and analogs as discussed below.
  • Soluble Interleukin- 1 Type 3 Receptor (“sILl-3R”) refers to a protein which has an amino acid sequence corresponding to the extracellular region of an Interleukin- 1 Type 3 receptor.
  • the extracellular region of IL-1-3R may be readily determined by a hydrophobicity analysis utilizing a computer program such as PROTEAN (DNASTAR, Madison, WI), or by an alignment analysis with other known type 1 and type 2 Interleukin- 1 receptors.
  • Nucleic acid molecule refers to a nucleic acid polymer or nucleic acid sequence, which exists in the form of a separate fragment or as a component of a larger nucleic acid construct.
  • the nucleic acid molecule must have been derived from nucleic acids isolated at least once in substantially pure form, (i.e., substantially free of contaminating endogenous materials), and in a quantity or concentration enabling identification and recovery.
  • Such sequences are preferably provided in the form of an open reading frame uninterrupted by internal nontranslated sequences, or introns.
  • nucleic acid molecules should be understood to include deoxyribonucleic acid (“DNA”) molecules (including genomic and cDNA molecules), ribonucleic acid (“RNA”) molecules, hybrid or chimeric nucleic acid molecules (e.g., DNA-RNA hybrids), and where appropriate, nucleic acid molecule analogs and derivatives (e.g., peptide nucleic acids (“PNA”)). Nucleic acid molecules of the present invention may also comprise sequences of non-translated nucleic acids where such additional sequences do not interfere with manipulation or expression of the open reading frame (e.g., sequences which are 5' or 3' from the open reading frame).
  • DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
  • RNA ribonucleic acid
  • PNA peptide nucleic acids
  • Recombinant expression vector refers to a replicable nucleic acid construct used either to amplify or to express nucleic acid sequences which encode IL-1 Type 3, or sIL-1 Type 3 receptors. This construct comprises an assembly of (l) a genetic element or elements having a regulatory role in gene expression, for example, promoters, and (2) the structural or coding sequence of interest.
  • the recombinant expression vector may also comprise appropriate transcription and translation initiation and termination sequences.
  • the present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding Interleukin- 1 Type 3 receptors.
  • One representative IL-1 Type 3 receptor which may be obtained utilizing the methods described herein (see, e.g., Example 1) is schematically illustrated in Figure 1. Briefly, this IL-1 Type 3 receptor (see Sequence I.D. Nos. 1 and 2) is composed of an Extracellular N-terminal Domain (amino acids 1 - 336), a Transmembrane Domain (amino acids 337 - 357), and a C-terminal Intracellular Domain (358 - 562).
  • IL-1 Type 3 receptor has been provided for pu ⁇ oses of illustration (see also Sequence I.D. Nos. 3 and 4), the present invention should not be so limited.
  • IL-1-3R and sIL-l-3R as utilized herein should be understood to include a wide variety of IL-1 Type 3 receptors which are encoded by nucleic acid molecules that have substantial similarity to the sequences disclosed in Sequences I.D. Nos. 1 and 3.
  • nucleic acid molecules which encode IL-1 Type 3 receptors are deemed to be substantially similar to those disclosed herein if: (a) the nucleic acid sequence is derived from the coding region of a native IL-1 Type 3 receptor gene (including, for example, allelic variations of the sequences disclosed herein); (b) the nucleic acid sequence is capable of hybridization to nucleic acid sequences of the present invention under conditions of either moderate (e.g., 50% formamide, 5 x SSPE, 5 x Denhardt's, 0.1% SDS, 100 ug/ml Salmon Sperm DNA, and a temperature of 42°C) or high stringency (see Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2d Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, NY, 1989); or (c) nucleic acid sequences are degenerate as a result of the genetic code to the nucleic acid sequences de ined in (a) or (b).
  • moderate e.g., 50% formamide, 5 x
  • DNA molecules are primarily referred to herein, as should be evident to one of skill in the art given the disclosure provided herein, a wide variety of related nucleic acid molecules may also be utilized in various embodiments described herein, including for example, RNA, nucleic acid analogues, as well as chimeric nucleic acid molecules which may be composed of more than one type of nucleic acid.
  • IL-1 Type 3 receptors and "soluble IL-1 Type 3 receptors” should be understood to include derivatives and analogs of the IL-1 Type 3 receptors described above.
  • Such derivatives include allelic variants and genetically engineered variants that contain conservative amino acid substitutions and/or minor additions, substitutions or deletions of amino acids, the net effect of which does not substantially change the biological activity (e.g., signal transduction) or function of the IL-1 Type 3 receptor.
  • Such derivatives are generally greater than about 50% homologous, preferably greater than 75% to 80% homologous, more preferably greater than 85% to 90% homologous, and most preferably greater than 92%, 95% or 97% homologous.
  • IL-1 Type 3 receptors may also be modified by derivatizing amino acid side chains, and/or the amino or carboxy termus with various functional groups, in order to allow for the formation of various conjugates (e.g., protein-IL-l-3R conjugates).
  • conjugates of IL-1-3R (and sIL-l-3R) may be constructed by recombinantly producing fusion proteins.
  • Such fusion proteins may comprise, for example, IL-l-3R-protein Z wherein protein Z is another cytokine receptor (e.g., IL-2R, IL-3R, IL-4R, IL-5R, 1L-6R, IL-7R, IL-8R, IL-9R, IL-10R, E_- 11R, IL-12R, IL-13R, IL-14R, IL-15R or TNF ( ⁇ or ⁇ ) receptor; see WO91/03553); a binding portion of an antibody; a toxin (as discussed below); or a protein or peptide which facilitates purification or identification of IL-1-3R (e.g., poly-His).
  • cytokine receptor e.g., IL-2R, IL-3R, IL-4R, IL-5R, 1L-6R, IL-7R, IL-8R, IL-9R, IL-10R, E_- 11R, IL-12R, IL-13R, IL-14
  • a fusion protein such as human IL-1 -3R (His) n or sIL-l-3R (His) n may be constructed in order to allow purification of the protein via the poly-His residue, for example, on a NTA nickel-chelating column.
  • the amino acid sequence of a IL-1 Type 3 receptor may also be linked to the peptide Asp-Tyr-Lys-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys (DYKDDDDK) (Sequence I.D. No. 5) (Hopp et al., Bio/Technology 6: 1204, 1988) in order to facilitate purification of expressed recombinant protein.
  • the present invention also includes IL-1-3R (and sIL-l-3R) proteins which may be produced either with or without associated native-pattern glycosylation.
  • IL-1-3R and sIL-l-3R proteins which may be produced either with or without associated native-pattern glycosylation.
  • expression of EL-1-3R DNAs in bacteria such as E. coli provides non- glycosylated molecules.
  • IL-1-3R expressed in yeast or mammalian expression systems may vary in both glycosylation pattern and molecular weight from native EL-1-3R, depending on the amino acid sequence and expression system which is utilized.
  • N-glycosylation sites in eukaryotic proteins are generally characterized by the amino acid triplet Asn-A j -Z, where A ⁇ is any amino acid except Pro, and Z is Ser or Thr. In this triplet, asparagine provides a side chain amino group for covalent attachment of carbohydrate.
  • Such sites may be eliminated by deleting Asn or Z, substituting another amino acid for Asn or for residue Z, or inserting a non-Z amino acid between Aj and Z, or an amino acid other than Asn between Asn and A j .
  • Proteins which are substantially similar to IL-1-3R proteins may also be constructed by, for example, substituting or deleting various amino acid residues which are not required for biological activity. For example, cysteine residues may be deleted or replaced with other amino acids to prevent formation of incorrect intramolecular disulfide bridges upon renaturation. Similarly, adjacent dibasic amino acid residues may be modified for expression in yeast systems in which KEX2 protease activity is present.
  • nucleotide sequence which encodes IL-1-3R will be expressed in the final product.
  • nucleotide substitutions may be made in order to avoid secondary structure loops in the transcribed mRNA, or to provide codons that are more readily translated by the selected host, and thereby enhance expression within a selected host.
  • substitutions at the amino acid level should be made conservatively, i.e., the most preferred substitute amino acids are those which have characteristics resembling those of the residue to be replaced.
  • the potential effect of the deletion or insertion on biological activity should be considered utilizing, for example, the signalling assay disclosed within the Examples.
  • Mutations which are made to the sequence of the nucleic acid molecules of the present invention should generally preserve the reading frame phase of the coding sequences.
  • the mutations should preferably not create complementary regions that could hybridize to produce secondary mRNA structures, such as loops or hai ⁇ ins, which would adversely affect translation of the receptor mRNA.
  • a mutation site may be predetermined, it is not necessary that the nature of the mutation per se be predetermined.
  • random mutagenesis may be conducted at the target codon, and the expressed IL-1-3R mutants screened for the biological activity.
  • Representative methods for random mutagenesis include those described by Ladner et al. in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,096,815; 5,198,346; and 5,223,409.
  • mutations may be introduced at particular loci by synthesizing oligonucleotides containing a mutant sequence, flanked by restriction sites enabling ligation to fragments of the native sequence. Following ligation, the resulting reconstructed sequence encodes an analog having the desired amino acid insertion, substitution, or deletion.
  • site-directed mutagenesis procedures may be employed to provide an altered gene having particular codons altered according to the substitution, deletion, or insertion required.
  • Exemplary methods of making the alterations set forth above are disclosed by Walder et al. (Gene 42 ⁇ 33, 1986); Bauer et al. (Gene 37:73, 1985); Craik, Bio Techniques, January 1985, 12-19); Smith et al. (Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods, Plenum Press, 1981); Sambrook et al. (Molecular cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2d Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989); and U.S. Patent Nos. 4,518,584 and 4,737,462, which are inco ⁇ orated by reference herein.
  • IL-1 Type 3 receptors as well as substantially similar derivatives or analogs may be used as therapeutic reagents, immunogens, reagents in receptor-based immunoassays, or as binding agents for affinity purification procedures.
  • IL-1 Type 3 receptors of the present invention may be utilized to screen compounds for IL-1 Type 3 receptor agonist or antagonistic activity.
  • IL-1 Type 3 receptor proteins may also be covalently bound through reactive side groups to various insoluble substrates, such as cyanogen bromine-activated, bisoxirane-activated, carbonyldiimidazole-activated, or tosyl-activated, agarose structures, or by adsorbing to polyolefin surfaces (with or without glutaraldehyde cross-linking).
  • IL-1-3R may be used to selectively bind (for pu ⁇ oses of assay or purification) anti-IL-l-3R antibodies or IL- 1.
  • ISOLATION OF JX-1 TYPE 3 RECEPTOR CDNA CLONES As noted above, the present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules which encode IL-1 Type 3 receptors. Briefly, nucleic acid molecules which encode IL-1 Type 3 receptors of the present invention may be readily isolated from a variety of warm-blooded animals, including for example, humans, macaques, horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, rats and mice. Particularly preferred tissues from which nucleic acid molecules which encode IL-1 Type 3 receptors may be isolated include brain, kidney and lung.
  • Nucleic acid molecules which encode IL-1 Type 3 receptors of the present invention may be readily isolated from conventionally prepared cDNA libraries (see, e.g., Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2d Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, NY, 1989) or from commercially obtained libraries (e.g., Stratagene, LaJolla, Calif.) utilizing the disclosure provided herein. Particularly preferred methods for obtaining isolated DNA molecules which encode EL-1 Type 3 receptors of the present invention are described in more detail below in Example 1 (see also Sequence I.D. Nos. 1 and 3).
  • isolated nucleic acid molecules are provided which encode human EL-1 Type 3 receptors.
  • such nucleic acid molecules may be readily obtained by probing a human cDNA library either with a specific sequence as described below in Example 1, or with a rat sequence (e.g.. Sequence I.D. Nos. 2 or 4) under conditions of high stringency (e.g., 50% formamide, 5 x SSC, 5x Denharts, 0.1% SDS, 100 ug/ml salmon sperm DNA, at 42°C for 12 hours). This may be followed by extensive washing with 2x SSC containing 0.2% SDS at 50°C.
  • high stringency e.g. 50% formamide, 5 x SSC, 5x Denharts, 0.1% SDS, 100 ug/ml salmon sperm DNA, at 42°C for 12 hours. This may be followed by extensive washing with 2x SSC containing 0.2% SDS at 50°C.
  • Suitable cDNA libraries may be obtained from commercial sources (e.g., Stratagene, LaJolla, Calif; or Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif, or prepared utilizing standard techniques (see, e.g,. Sambrook et al., supra).
  • the present invention also provides recombinant expression vectors which include synthetic or cDNA-derived DNA fragments encoding IL-l Type 3 receptors or substantially similar proteins, which are operably linked to suitable transcriptional or translation regulatory elements derived from mammalian, microbial, viral or insect genes.
  • suitable transcriptional or translation regulatory elements include a transcriptional promoter, an optional operator sequence to control transcription, a sequence encoding suitable mRNA ribosomal binding sites, and, within preferred embodiments, sequences which control the termination of transcription and translation.
  • the ability to replicate in a host usually conferred by an origin of replication, and a selection gene to facilitate recognition of transformants may additionally be inco ⁇ orated.
  • DNA regions are operably linked when they are functionally related to each other.
  • DNA for a signal peptide secretory leader
  • DNA for a polypeptide if it is expressed as a precursor which participates in the secretion of the polypeptide
  • a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if it controls the transcription of the sequence
  • a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to permit translation.
  • operably linked means contiguous and, in the case of secretory leaders, contiguous and in reading frame.
  • Expression vectors may also contain DNA sequences necessary to direct the secretion of a polypeptide of interest.
  • DNA sequences may include at least one secretory signal sequence.
  • Representative secretory signals include the alpha factor signal sequence (pre-pro sequence; Kurjan and Herskowitz, Cell 30:933-943, 1982; Kurjan et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,546,082; Brake, EP 1 16,201), the PHO5 signal sequence (Beck et al., WO 86/00637), the BAR1 secretory signal sequence (MacKay et al., U.S. Patent No.
  • a secretory signal sequence may be synthesized according to the rules established, for example, by von Heinje (Eur. J. Biochem. 733: 17-21, 1983; J. Mol. Biol. 75 99-105, 1985; Nuc. Acids Res. 7 4683- 4690, 1986).
  • a nucleic acid molecule encoding a IL-l Type 3 receptor is inserted into a suitable expression vector, which in turn is used to transform or transfect appropriate host cells for expression.
  • Host cells for use in practicing the present invention include mammalian, avian, plant, insect, bacterial and fungal cells.
  • Preferred eukaryotic cells include cultured mammalian cell lines (e.g., rodent or human cell lines) and fungal cells, including species of yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces spp., particularly S. cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces spp., or Kluyveromyces spp.) or filamentous fungi (e.g., Aspergillus spp., Neurospora spp.).
  • yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are particularly preferred.
  • a host cell will be selected on the basis of its ability to produce the protein of interest at a high level or its ability to carry out at least some of the processing steps necessary for the biological activity of the protein. In this way, the number of cloned DNA sequences which must be transfected into the host cell may be minimized and overall yield of biologically active protein may be maximized.
  • Suitable yeast vectors for use in the present invention include YRp7 (Struhl et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:1035-1039, 1978), YEpl3 (Broach et al., Gene 5: 121-133, 1979), POT vectors (Kawasaki et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,931,373, which is inco ⁇ orated by reference herein), pJDB249 and pJDB219 (Beggs, Nature 275: 104-108, 1978) and derivatives thereof.
  • Such vectors will generally include a selectable marker, which may be one of any number of genes that exhibit a dominant phenotype for which a phenotypic assay exists to enable transformants to be selected.
  • selectable markers are those that complement host cell auxotrophy, provide antibiotic resistance or enable a cell to utilize specific carbon sources, and include LEU2 (Broach et al., ibid.), URA3 (Botstein et al.. Gene 5: 17, 1979), HIS3 (Struhl et al., ibid.) or POT1 (Kawasaki et al., ibid).
  • Another suitable selectable marker is the CAT gene, which confers chloramphenicol resistance on yeast cells.
  • promoters for use in yeast include promoters from yeast glycolytic genes (Hitzeman et al., J. Biol. Chem. 255: 12073-12080, 1980; Alber and Kawasaki, J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 7:419-434, 1982; Kawasaki, U.S. Patent No. 4,599,311) or alcohol dehydrogenase genes (Young et al., in Genetic Engineering of Microorganisms for Chemicals, Hollaender et al. (eds.), p. 355, Plenum, New York, 1982; Ammerer, Meth. Enzymol. 707: 192-201, 1983).
  • promoters are the TPI1 promoter (Kawasaki, U.S. Patent No. 4,599,311, 1986) and the ADH2-4 C promoter (Russell et al., Nature 30*652-654, 1983; Irani and Kilgore, U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 07/784,653, which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference).
  • the expression units may also include a transcriptional terminator, such as the 77Y7 terminator (Alber and Kawasaki, ibid.).
  • proteins of the present invention can be expressed in filamentous fungi, for example, strains of the fungi Aspergillus (McKnight et al., U.S. Patent No.
  • useful promoters include those derived from Aspergillus nidulans glycolytic genes, such as the ADH3 promoter (McKnight et al., EMBOJ. *2093-2099, 1985) and the tpiA promoter.
  • An example of a suitable terminator is the ADH3 terminator (McKnight et al., ibid., 1985).
  • the expression units utilizing such components are cloned into vectors that are capable of insertion into the chromosomal DNA of Aspergillus.
  • the genotype of the host cell will generally contain a genetic defect that is complemented by the selectable marker present on the expression vector Choice of a particular host and selectable marker is well within the level of ordinary skill in the art
  • the host strain carries a mutation, such as the yeast pep4 mutation (Jones, Genetics 85 23-33, 1977), which results in reduced proteolytic activity
  • cultured mammalian cells may be used as host cells within the present invention
  • Preferred cultured mammalian cells for use in the present invention include the COS-1 (ATCC No CRL 1650), COS-7 (ATCC No CRL 1651), BHK (ATCC No CRL 1632), and 293 (ATCC No CRL 1573, Graham et al , J. Gen. Virol.
  • a preferred BHK cell line is the BHK 570 cell line (deposited with the American Type Culture Collection under accession number CRL 10314)
  • a number of other mammalian cell lines may be used within the present invention, including Rat Hep I (ATCC No CRL 1600), Rat Hep II (ATCC No CRL 1548), TCMK (ATCC No CCL 139), Human lung (ATCC No CCL 75 1), Human hepatoma (ATCC No HTB-52), Hep G2 (ATCC No HB 8065), Mouse liver (ATCC No CCL 29 1), NCTC 1469 (ATCC No CCL 9 1), SP2/0-Agl4 (ATCC No 1581), HIT-T15 (ATCC No CRL 1777), Ltk- (ATCC) No CCL 1 3) and RINm 5AHT 2 B (Orskov and Nielson, FEBS 229(1) 175-178, 1988)
  • Mammalian expression vectors for use in carrying out the present invention should include a promoter capable of directing the transcription of a cloned gene or cDNA
  • Preferred promoters include viral promoters and cellular promoters
  • Viral promoters include the immediate early cytomegalovirus promoter (Boshart et al , Cell 41 521-530, 1985) and the SV40 promoter (Subramani et al , Mol Cell. Biol. 1 854-864, 1981)
  • Cellular promoters include the mouse metallothionein-1 promoter (Palmiter et al., U S Patent No 4,579,821), a mouse V j promoter (Bergman et al , Proc. Natl. Acad.
  • a particularly preferred promoter is the major late promoter from Adenovirus 2 (Kaufman and Sha ⁇ , Mol. Cell. Biol.
  • Such expression vectors may also contain a set of RNA splice sites located downstream from the promoter and upstream from the DNA sequence encoding the peptide or protein of interest Preferred RNA splice sites may be obtained from SV40, adenovirus and/or immunoglobulin genes Alternatively, within certain embodiments RNA splice sites may be located downstream from the DNA sequence encoding the peptide or protein of interest. Also contained in the expression vectors is a polyadenylation signal located downstream of the coding sequence of interest.
  • Suitable polyadenylation signals include the early or late polyadenylation signals from SV40 (Kaufman and Sha ⁇ , ibid.), the polyadenylation signal from the Adenovirus 5 E1B region and the human growth hormone gene terminator (DeNoto et al., Nuc. Acids Res. 9:3719-3730, 1981).
  • the expression vectors may include a noncoding viral leader sequence, such as the Adenovirus 2 tripartite leader, located between the promoter and the RNA splice sites.
  • Preferred vectors may also include enhancer sequences, such as the SV40 enhancer and the mouse 1 enhancer (Gillies, Cell 33:717-728, 1983).
  • Expression vectors may also include sequences encoding the adenovirus VA RNAs. Suitable vectors can be obtained from commercial sources (e.g., Invitrogen, San Diego, CA; Stratagene, La Jolla, CA).
  • Cloned DNA sequences may be introduced into cultured mammalian cells by, for example, calcium phosphate-mediated transfection (Wigler et al., Cell 14:725, 1978; Corsaro and Pearson, Somatic Cell Genetics 7:603, 1981; Graham and Van der Eb, Virology 52:456, 1973), electroporation (Neumann et al., EMBO J. 7:841-845, 1982), or DEAE-dextran mediated transfection (Ausubel et al. (eds ), Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., NY, 1987), which are inco ⁇ orated herein by reference.
  • a selectable marker is generally introduced into the cells along with the gene or cDNA of interest.
  • Preferred selectable markers for use in cultured mammalian cells include genes that confer resistance to drugs, such as neomycin, hygromycin, and methotrexate.
  • the selectable marker may be an amplifiable selectable marker.
  • Preferred amplifiable selectable markers are the DHFR gene and the neomycin resistance gene. Selectable markers are reviewed by Thilly (Mammalian Cell Technology, Butterworth Publishers, Stoneham, MA, which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference). The choice of selectable markers is well within the level of ordinary skill in the art.
  • Selectable markers may be introduced into the cell on a separate vector at the same time as the IL-l Type 3 receptor sequence, or they may be introduced on the same vector. If on the same vector, the selectable marker and the IL-l Type 3 receptor sequence may be under the control of different promoters or the same promoter, the latter arrangement producing a dicistronic message. Constructs of this type are known in the art (for example, Levinson and Simonsen, U.S. Patent No. 4,713,339). It may also be advantageous to add additional DNA, known as "carrier DNA" to the mixture which is introduced into the cells. Transfected mammalian cells are allowed to grow for a period of time, typically 1-2 days, to begin expressing the DNA sequence(s) of interest.
  • Drug selection is then applied to select for growth of cells that are expressing the selectable marker in a stable fashion.
  • the drug concentration may be increased in a stepwise manner to select for increased copy number of the cloned sequences, thereby increasing expression levels.
  • Cells expressing the introduced sequences are selected and screened for production of the protein of interest in the desired form or at the desired level. Cells which satisfy these criteria may then be cloned and scaled up for production.
  • Preferred prokaryotic host cells for use in carrying out the present invention are strains of the bacteria Escherichia coli, although Bacillus and other genera are also useful.
  • Vectors used for expressing cloned DNA sequences in bacterial hosts will generally contain a selectable marker, such as a gene for antibiotic resistance, and a promoter that functions in the host cell.
  • a selectable marker such as a gene for antibiotic resistance
  • Appropriate promoters include the t ⁇ (Nichols and Yanofsky, Meth. Enzymol. 707: 155-164, 1983), lac (Casadaban et al., J. Bacteriol.
  • Plasmids useful for transforming bacteria include pBR322 (Bolivar et al., Gene 2:95-113, 1977), the pUC plasmids (Messing, Meth. Enzymol. 707:20-78, 1983; Vieira and Messing, Gene 79:259-268, 1982), pCQV2 (Queen, ibid , pMAL-2 (New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA) and derivatives thereof. Plasmids may contain both viral and bacterial elements.
  • promoters, terminators and methods for introducing expression vectors encoding IL-l Type 3 receptors of the present invention into plant, avian and insect cells would be evident to those of skill in the art.
  • the use of baculoviruses, for example, as vectors for expressing heterologous DNA sequences in insect cells has been reviewed by Atkinson et al. (Pestic. Sci. 25:215- 224,1990).
  • the use of Agrohacterium rhizogenes as vectors for expressing genes in plant cells has been reviewed by Sinkar et al. (J. Biosci. (Bangalore) 11 :47-58, 1987).
  • Host cells containing DNA molecules of the present invention are then cultured to express a DNA molecule encoding a IL-l Type 3 receptor.
  • the cells are cultured according to standard methods in a culture medium containing nutrients required for growth of the chosen host cells.
  • suitable media are known in the art and generally include a carbon source, a nitrogen source, essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals, as well as other components, e.g., growth factors or serum, that may be required by the particular host cells.
  • the growth medium will generally select for cells containing the DNA molecules by, for example, drug selection or deficiency in an essential nutrient which is complemented by the selectable marker on the DNA construct or co-transfected with the DNA construct.
  • Suitable growth conditions for yeast cells include culturing in a chemically defined medium, comprising a nitrogen source, which may be a non- amino acid nitrogen source or a yeast extract, inorganic salts, vitamins and essential amino acid supplements at a temperature between 4°C and 37°C, with 30°C being particularly preferred.
  • the pH of the medium is preferably maintained at a pH greater than 2 and less than 8, more preferably pH 5-6.
  • Methods for maintaining a stable pH include buffering and constant pH control.
  • Preferred agents for pH control include sodium hydroxide.
  • Preferred buffering agents include succinic acid and Bis-Tris (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO).
  • yeast host cells Due to the tendency of yeast host cells to hyperglycosylate heterologous proteins, it may be preferable to express the IL-l Type 3 receptors of the present invention in yeast cells having a defect in a gene required for asparagine-linked glycosylation.
  • Such cells are preferably grown in a medium containing an osmotic stabilizer.
  • a preferred osmotic stabilizer is sorbitol supplemented into the medium at a concentration between 0.1 M and 1.5 M, preferably at 0.5 M or 1.0 M.
  • Cultured mammalian cells are generally cultured in commercially available serum- containing or serum-free media. Selection of a medium and growth conditions appropriate for the particular cell line used is within the level of ordinary skill in the art.
  • D -1 Type 3 receptors may also be expressed in non-human transgenic animals, particularly transgenic warm-blooded animals.
  • Methods for producing transgenic animals including mice, rats, rabbits, sheep and pigs, are known in the art and are disclosed, for example, by Hammer et al. (Nature 375:680-683, 1985), Palmiter et al. (Science 222:809-814, 1983), Brinster et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 52:4438- 4442, 1985), Palmiter and Brinster (Cell */:343-345, 1985) and U.S. Patent No. 4,736,866, which are inco ⁇ orated herein by reference.
  • an expression unit including a DNA sequence to be expressed together with appropriately positioned expression control sequences, is introduced into pronuclei of fertilized eggs.
  • Introduction of DNA is commonly done by microinjection. Integration of the injected DNA is detected by blot analysis of DNA from tissue samples, typically samples of tail tissue. It is generally preferred that the introduced DNA be inco ⁇ orated into the germ line of the animal so that it is passed on to the animal's progeny.
  • knockout animals may be developed from embryonic stem cells through the use of homologous recombination (Capecchi, Science 244: 1288-1292, 1989) or antisense oligonucleotide (Stein and Chen, Science 267(5124): 1004- 1012, 1993; Milligan et al., Semin. Cone. Biol. 3(6):391-398, 1992).
  • a transgenic animal such as a mouse
  • a transgenic animal is developed by targeting a mutation to disrupt a IL-l Type 3 receptor sequence (see Mansour et al., "Disruption of the proto-oncogene int-2 in mouse embryo-derived stem cells: A general strategy for targeting mutations to non-selectable genes," Nature 336:348-352, 1988).
  • Such animals may readily be utilized as a model to study the role of the IL-l Type 3 receptor in metabolism.
  • IL-l Type 3 receptor peptides should be understood to include portions of a IL-l Type 3 receptor or derivatives thereof discussed above, which do not contain transmembrane domains, and which are at least 8, and more preferably 10 or greater amino acids in length.
  • IL-l Type 3 receptor as well as putative transmembrane domains may be predicted from the primary translation products using the hydrophopicity plot function of, for example, PROTEAN (DNA STAR, Madison, WI), or according to the methods described by Kyte and Doolittle (J. Mol. Biol. 757:105- 132, 1982). While not wishing to be bound by a graphical representation, based upon this hydrophopicity analysis, IL-l Type 3 receptors are believed to have the general structure shown in Figure 1. In particular, these receptors are believed to comprise an extracellular amino-terminal domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain.
  • isolated IL-l Type 3 receptor peptides comprising the extracellular amino-terminal domain of a IL-l Type 3 receptor.
  • an isolated IL-l Type 3 receptor peptide is provided comprising the sequence of amino acids shown in Sequence I.D. No.2, from amino acid number 1 to amino acid number 336.
  • isolated IL-l Type 3 receptor peptides are provided comprising the sequence of amino acids shown in Sequence I.D. No. 4, from amino acid number 1 to amino acid number 338.
  • IL-l Type 3 receptor peptides may be prepared by, among other methods, culturing suitable host vector systems to produce the recombinant translation products of the present invention. Supernatants from such cell lines may then be treated by a variety of purification procedures in order to isolate the IL-l Type 3 receptor peptide. For example, the supernatant may be first concentrated using commercially available protein concentration filters, such as an Amicon or Millipore Pellicon ultrafiltration unit. Following concentration, the concentrate may be applied to a suitable purification matrix such as, for example, IL-l or an anti-IL-1 Type 3 receptor antibody bound to a suitable support. Alternatively, anion or cation exchange resins may be employed in order to purify the receptor or peptide. Finally, one or more reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) steps may be employed to further purify the IL-l Type 3 receptor peptide.
  • RP-HPLC reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography
  • IL-l Type 3 receptor peptides may also be prepared utilizing standard polypeptide synthesis protocols, and purified utilizing the above- described procedures.
  • a IL-l Type 3 receptor peptide is deemed to be "isolated” or purified within the context of the present invention, if only a single band is detected subsequent to SDS-polyacrylamide gel analysis followed by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue.
  • IL-l Type 3 receptors including derivatives thereof, as well as portions or fragments of these proteins such as the IL-l Type 3 receptor peptides discussed above, may be utilized to prepare antibodies which specifically bind to IL-l Type 3 receptors.
  • antibodies includes polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, fragments thereof such as F(ab') 2 and Fab fragments, as well as recombinantly produced binding partners. These binding partners inco ⁇ orate the variable regions from a gene which encodes a specifically binding monoclonal antibody.
  • Antibodies are defined to be specifically binding if they bind to the IL-l Type 3 receptor with a K A of greater than or equal to IO 7 M" 1 and preferably greater than or equal to 10 8 M _1 , and bind to IL-l Type I or Type II receptors with an affinity of less than K A IO 7 M" 1 , and preferably less than 10 5 M _1 or 10 3 M” 1 .
  • the affinity of a monoclonal antibody or binding partner may be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art (see Scatchard, Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 57:660-672, 1949).
  • Polyclonal antibodies may be readily generated by one of ordinary skill in the art from a variety of warm-blooded animals such as horses, cows, goats, sheep, dogs, chickens, rabbits, mice, or rats.
  • the IL-l Type 3 receptor is utilized to immunize the animal through intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intraocular, or subcutaneous injections.
  • the immunogenicity of a IL-l Type 3 receptor or IL-l Type 3 receptor peptide may be increased through the use of an adjuvant such as Freund's complete or incomplete adjuvant.
  • small samples of serum are collected and tested for reactivity to the IL-l Type 3 receptor.
  • assays may be utilized in order to detect antibodies which specifically bind to a IL-l Type 3 receptor. Exemplary assays are described in detail in Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Harlow and Lane (eds ), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1988. Representative examples of such assays include: Countercurrent Immuno-Electrophoresis (CIEP), Radioimmunoassays, Radioimmunoprecipitations, Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assays (ELISA), Dot Blot assays, Inhibition or Competition assays, and sandwich assays (see U.S. Patent Nos. 4,376, 1 10 and 4,486,530; see also Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, supra).
  • CIEP Countercurrent Immuno-Electrophoresis
  • ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assays
  • Dot Blot assays Inhibition or Competition assays
  • sandwich assays see U.S. Patent Nos. 4,376, 1 10 and 4,486,530
  • Particularly preferred polyclonal antisera will give a signal that is at least three times greater than background. Once the titer of the animal has reached a plateau in terms of its reactivity to the IL-l Type 3 receptor, larger quantities of polyclonal antisera may be readily obtained either by weekly bleedings, or by exsanguinating the animal.
  • Monoclonal antibodies may also be readily generated using well-known techniques (see U.S. Patent Nos. RE 32,01 1, 4,902,614, 4,543,439, and 4,41 1,993; see also Monoclonal Antibodies, Hybridomas: A New Dimension in Biological Analyses, Plenum Press, Kennett, McKearn, and Bechtol (eds ), 1980, and Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Harlow and Lane (eds ), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1988). Briefly, within one embodiment a subject animal such as a rat or mouse is injected with a form of IL-l Type 3 receptor suitable for generating an immune response against the IL-l Type 3 receptor.
  • suitable forms include, among others, cells which express the IL-l Type 3 receptor, or peptides which are based upon the IL-l Type 3 receptor sequence. Additionally, many techniques are known in the art for increasing the resultant immune response, for example, by coupling the receptor or receptor peptides to another protein such as ovalbumin or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), or through the use of adjuvants such as Freund's complete or incomplete adjuvant. The initial immunization may be through intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intraocular, or subcutaneous routes.
  • KLH keyhole limpet hemocyanin
  • the animal may be reimmunized with another booster immunization.
  • the animal may then be test bled and the serum tested for binding to the IL-l Type 3 receptor using assays as described above. Additional immunizations may also be accomplished until the animal has plateaued in its reactivity to the IL-l Type 3 receptor.
  • the animal may then be given a final boost of IL-l Type 3 receptor or IL-l Type 3 receptor peptide, and three to four days later sacrificed.
  • the spleen and lymph nodes may be harvested and disrupted into a single cell suspension by passing the organs through a mesh screen or by rupturing the spleen or lymph node membranes which encapsidate the cells.
  • the red cells are subsequently lysed by the addition of a hypotonic solution, followed by immediate return to isotonicity.
  • suitable cells for preparing monoclonal antibodies are obtained through the use of in vitro immunization techniques. Briefly, an animal is sacrificed, and the spleen and lymph node cells are removed as described above. A single cell suspension is prepared, and the cells are placed into a culture containing a form of the IL-l Type 3 receptor that is suitable for generating an immune response as described above. Subsequently, the lymphocytes are harvested and fused as described below. Cells which are obtained through the use of in vitro immunization or from an immunized animal as described above may be immortalized by transfection with a virus such as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (see Glasky and Reading, Hybridoma 5(4):377-389, 1989).
  • EBV Epstein-Barr virus
  • the harvested spleen and/or lymph node cell suspensions are fused with a suitable myeloma cell in order to create a "hybridoma" which secretes monoclonal antibodies.
  • Suitable myeloma lines are preferably defective in the construction or expression of antibodies, and are additionally syngeneic with the cells from the immunized animal. Many such myeloma cell lines are well known in the art and may be obtained from sources such as the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Rockville, Maryland (see Catalogue of Cell Lines & Hybridomas, 6th ed., ATCC, 1 88).
  • Representative myeloma lines include: for humans, UC 729-6 (ATCC No.
  • CRL 8061 MC/CAR-Z2 (ATCC No. CRL 8147), and SKO-007 (ATCC No. CRL 8033); for mice, SP2/0-Agl4 (ATCC No. CRL 1581), and P3X63Ag8 (ATCC No. TIB 9); and for rats, Y3-Agl .2.3 (ATCC No. CRL 1631), and YB2/0 (ATCC No. CRL 1662).
  • Particularly preferred fusion lines include NS-1 (ATCC No. TIB 18) and P3X63 - Ag 8.653 (ATCC No. CRL 1580), which may be utilized for fusions with either mouse, rat, or human cell lines.
  • Fusion between the myeloma cell line and the cells from the immunized animal may be accomplished by a variety of methods, including the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (see Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Harlow and Lane (eds ), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1988) or electrofusion (see Zimmerman and Vienken, J. Membrane Biol. 67: 165-182, 1982).
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • the cells are placed into culture plates containing a suitable medium, such as RPMI 1640 or DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium) (JRH Biosciences, Lenexa, KS).
  • a suitable medium such as RPMI 1640 or DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium) (JRH Biosciences, Lenexa, KS).
  • the medium may also contain additional ingredients, such as Fetal Bovine Serum ("FBS,” i.e., from Hyclone, Logan, Utah, or JRH Biosciences), thymocytes which were harvested from a baby animal of the same species as was used for immunization, or agar to solidify the medium.
  • FBS Fetal Bovine Serum
  • thymocytes which were harvested from a baby animal of the same species as was used for immunization
  • agar to solidify the medium agar to solidify the medium.
  • the medium should contain a reagent which
  • HAT hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine
  • HAT hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine
  • the resulting fused cells or hybridomas may be screened in order to determine the presence of antibodies which recognize the IL-l Type 3 receptor.
  • a hybridoma producing antibodies which bind to IL-l Type 3 receptor may be isolated.
  • mRNA is isolated from a B cell population and utilized to create heavy and light chain immunoglobulin cDNA expression libraries in the kIMMUNOZAP(H) and kIMMUNOZAP(L) vectors.
  • vectors may be screened individually or co- expressed to form Fab fragments or antibodies (see Huse et al., supra, see also Sastry et al., supra). Positive plaques may subsequently be converted to a non-lytic plasmid which allows high level expression of monoclonal antibody fragments from E. coli.
  • binding partners may also be constructed utilizing recombinant DNA techniques to inco ⁇ orate the variable regions of a gene which encodes a specifically binding antibody.
  • the construction of these proteins may be readily accomplished by one of ordinary skill in the art (see Larrick et al., "Polymerase Chain Reaction Using Mixed Primers: Cloning of Human Monoclonal Antibody Variable Region Genes From Single Hybridoma Cells," Biotechnology 7:934-938, September 1989; Riechmann et al., “Reshaping Human Antibodies for Therapy," Nature 332:323- 327, 1988; Roberts et al., “Generation of an Antibody with Enhanced Affinity and Specificity for its Antigen by Protein Engineering," Nature 325:731-734, 1987; Verhoeyen et al., “Reshaping Human Antibodies: Grafting an Antilysozyme Activity," Science 239:1534-1536, 1988; Chaudhary et al., "A Recombin
  • Patent No. 5,132,405 entitled “Biosynthetic Antibody Binding Sites” DNA molecules encoding IL-l Type 3 receptor-specific antigen binding domains are amplified from hybridomas which produce a specifically binding monoclonal antibody, and inserted directly into the genome of a cell which produces human antibodies (see Verhoeyen et al., supra, see also Reichmann et al., supra). This technique allows the antigen-binding site of a specifically binding mouse or rat monoclonal antibody to be transferred into a human antibody. Such antibodies are preferable for therapeutic use in humans because they are not as antigenic as rat or mouse antibodies.
  • the antigen-binding sites may be either linked to, or inserted into, another completely different protein (see Chaudhary et al., supra), resulting in a new protein with antigen-binding sites of the antibody as well as the functional activity of the completely different protein.
  • the antigen-binding sites or IL-l Type 3 receptor binding domain of the antibody may be found in the variable region of the antibody.
  • DNA sequences which encode smaller portions of the antibody or variable regions which specifically bind to mammalian IL-l Type 3 receptor may also be utilized within the context of the present invention. These portions may be readily tested for binding specificity to the IL-l Type 3 receptor utilizing assays described below.
  • genes which encode the variable region from a hybridoma producing a monoclonal antibody of interest are amplified using oligonucleotide primers for the variable region.
  • oligonucleotide primers for the variable region may be synthesized by one of ordinary skill in the art, or may be purchased from commercially available sources.
  • Stratacyte (La Jolla, CA) sells primers for mouse and human variable regions including, among others, primers for V Ha , V Hb , V Hc , V Hd , C Hl , V L and C L regions.
  • primers may be utilized to amplify heavy or light chain variable regions, which may then be inserted into vectors such as IMMUNOZAP*(H) or IMMUNOZAP*(L) (Stratacyte), respectively. These vectors may then be introduced into E. coli for expression. Utilizing these techniques, large amounts of a single-chain protein containing a fusion of the V H and V L domains may be produced (see Bird et al., Science 242:423-426, 1988).
  • Other "antibodies” which may also be prepared utilizing the disclosure provided herein, and thus which are also deemed to fall within the scope of the present invention include humanized antibodies (e.g., U.S. Patent No.
  • WO 94/10332 4,816,567 and WO 94/10332
  • micobodies e.g., WO 94/0981
  • transgenic antibodies e.g., GB 2 272 440.
  • suitable antibodies may be isolated or purified by many techniques well known to those of ordinary skill in the art (see Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, supra). Suitable techniques include peptide or protein affinity columns, HPLC or RP-HPLC, purification on protein A or protein G columns, or any combination of these techniques.
  • the term "isolated" as used to define antibodies or binding partners means "substantially free of other blood components.” Antibodies of the present invention have many uses.
  • antibodies may be utilized in flow cytometry to sort IL-l Type 3 receptor-bearing cells, or to histochemically stain IL-l Type 3 receptor-bearing tissues. Briefly, in order to detect IL-l Type 3 receptors on cells, the cells (or tissue) are incubated with a labeled antibody which specifically binds to IL-l Type 3 receptors, followed by detection of the presence of bound antibody. These steps may also be accomplished with additional steps such as washings to remove unbound antibody. Representative examples of suitable labels, as well as methods for conjugating or coupling antibodies to such labels are described in more detail below.
  • purified antibodies may also be utilized therapeutically to block the binding of IL-l or other IL-l Type 3 receptor substrates to the IL-l Type 3 receptor in vitro or in vivo.
  • assays may be utilized to detect antibodies which block or inhibit the binding of IL-l to the IL-l Type 3 receptor, including inter alia, inhibition and competition assays noted above.
  • monoclonal antibodies (prepared as described above) are assayed for binding to the IL-l Type 3 receptor in the absence of IL-l, as well as in the presence of varying concentrations of IL-l.
  • Blocking antibodies are identified as those which, for example, bind to IL-l Type 3 receptors and, in the presence of IL-l, block or inhibit the binding of IL-l to the IL-l Type 3 receptor.
  • Antibodies of the present invention may also be coupled or conjugated to a variety of other compounds (or labels) for either diagnostic or therapeutic use.
  • Such compounds include, for example, toxic molecules, molecules which are nontoxic but which become toxic upon exposure to a second compound, and radionuclides. Representative examples of such molecules are described in more detail below.
  • Antibodies which are to be utilized therapeutically are preferably provided in a therapeutic composition comprising the antibody or binding partner and a physiologically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • suitable carriers or diluents include, among others, neutral buffered saline or saline, and may also include additional excipients or stabilizers such as buffers, sugars such as glucose, sucrose, or dextrose, chelating agents such as EDTA, and various preservatives.
  • nucleic acid molecules, antibodies, and IL-l Type 3 receptors (including sIL-1 3R) of the present invention may be labeled or conjugated (either through covalent or non-covalent means) to a variety of labels or other molecules, including for example, fluorescent markers, enzyme markers, toxic molecules, molecules which are nontoxic but which become toxic upon exposure to a second compound, and radionuclides.
  • fluorescent labels suitable for use within the present invention include, for example, Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC), Rhodamine, Texas Red, Luciferase and Phycoerythrin (PE). Particularly preferred for use in flow cytometry is FITC which may be conjugated to purified antibody according to the method of Keltkamp in "Conjugation of Fluorescein Isothiocyanate to Antibodies. I. Experiments on the Conditions of Conjugation," Immunology 75:865-873, 1970. (See also Keltkamp, "Conjugation of Fluorescein Isothiocyanate to Antibodies. II.
  • FITC Fluorescein Isothiocyanate
  • Rhodamine Rhodamine
  • Texas Red Luciferase
  • PE Phycoerythrin
  • HRP Peroxidase-Labeled Antibody: A New Method of Conjugation
  • Representative examples of enzyme markers or labels include alkaline phosphatase, horse radish peroxidase, and ⁇ -galactosidase.
  • Representative examples of toxic molecules include ricin, abrin, diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin, gelonin, pokeweed antiviral protein, tritin, Shigella toxin, and Pseudomonas exotoxin A.
  • Representative examples of molecules which are nontoxic, but which become toxic upon exposure to a second compound include thymidine kinases such as HSVTK and VZVTK.
  • radionuclides include Cu-64, Ga-67, Ga-68, Zr-89, Ru-97, Tc-99m, Rh-105, Pd-109, In-I l l, 1-123, 1-125, 1-131, Re-186, Re-188, Au-198, Au- 199, Pb-203, At-211, Pb-212 and Bi-212.
  • nucleic acid molecules, antibodies, and IL-l Type 3 receptors may also be labeled with other molecules such as colloidal gold, as well either member of a high affinity binding pair (e.g., avidin-biotin).
  • DIAGNOSTIC USE OF IL-l TYPE 3 RECEPTOR SEQUENCES within another aspect of the present invention, probes and primers are provided for detecting IL-l Type 3 receptors.
  • probes are provided which are capable of hybridizing to IL-l Type 3 receptor DNA or RNA.
  • probes are "capable of hybridizing" to IL- 1 Type 3 receptor DNA if they hybridize to Sequence I.D. Nos. 1 or 3 under conditions of moderate or high stringency (see Sambrook et al., supra); but not to IL-l Type I or Type ⁇ receptor nucleic acid sequences.
  • the probe may be utilized to hybridize to suitable nucleotide sequences in the presence of 50% formamide, 5x SSPE, 5x Denhardt's, 0.1% SDS and 100 ug/ml Salmon Sperm DNA at 42°C, followed by a first wash with 2x SSC at 42°C, and a second wash with 0.2x SSC at 55 to 60°C.
  • Probes of the present invention may be composed of either deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) ribonucleic acids (RNA), nucleic acid analogues, or any combination of these, and may be as few as about 12 nucleotides in length, usually about 14 to 18 nucleotides in length, and possibly as large as the entire sequence of the IL-l Type 3 receptor. Selection of probe size is somewhat dependent upon the use of the probe. For example, in order to determine the presence of various polymo ⁇ hic forms of the IL-l Type 3 receptor within an individual, a probe comprising virtually the entire length of the IL-l Type 3 receptor coding sequence is preferred.
  • IL-l Type 3 receptor probes may be utilized to identify polymo ⁇ hisms linked to the IL-l Type 3 receptor gene (see, for example, Weber, Genomics 7:524-530, 1990; and Weber and May, Amer. J. Hum. Gen. 4*388-396, 1989). Such polymo ⁇ hisms may be associated with inherited diseases such as diabetes.
  • Probes may be constructed and labeled using techniques which are well known in the art. Shorter probes of, for example, 12 or 14 bases may be generated synthetically. Longer probes of about 75 bases to less than 1.5 kb are preferably generated by, for example, PCR amplification in the presence of labeled precursors such as 32 P-dCTP, digoxigenin-dUTP, or biotin-dATP. Probes of more than 1.5 kb are generally most easily amplified by transfecting a cell with a plasmid containing the relevant probe, growing the transfected cell into large quantities, and purifying the relevant sequence from the transfected cells (see Sambrook et al., supra).
  • Probes may be labeled by a variety of markers, including, for example, radioactive markers, fluorescent markers, enzymatic markers, and chromogenic markers. The use of 32 P is particularly preferred for marking or labeling a particular probe. Probes of the present invention may also be utilized to detect the presence of a IL-l Type 3 receptor mRNA or DNA within a sample. However, if IL-l Type 3 receptors are present in only a limited number, or if it is desired to detect a selected mutant sequence which is present in only a limited number, or if it is desired to clone a IL-l Type 3 receptor from a selected warm-blooded animal, then it may be beneficial to amplify the relevant sequence such that it may be more readily detected or obtained.
  • markers including, for example, radioactive markers, fluorescent markers, enzymatic markers, and chromogenic markers. The use of 32 P is particularly preferred for marking or labeling a particular probe. Probes of the present invention may also be utilized to detect the presence of a
  • RNA amplification see Lizardi et al., Bio/Technology 6:1197-1202, 1988; Kramer et al., Nature 339:401-402, 1989; Lomeli et al., Clinical Chem. 35(9): 1826-1831, 1989; U.S. Patent No. 4,786,600
  • PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • PCR amplification is utilized to detect or obtain a IL-l Type 3 receptor DNA.
  • a DNA sample is denatured at 95°C in order to generate single stranded DNA.
  • Specific primers as discussed below, are then annealed at 37°C to 70°C, depending on the proportion of AT/GC in the primers.
  • the primers are extended at 72°C with Taq polymerase in order to generate the opposite strand to the template. These steps constitute one cycle, which may be repeated in order to amplify the selected sequence.
  • Primers for the amplification of a selected sequence should be selected from sequences which are highly specific and form stable duplexes with the target sequence.
  • primers should also be non-complementary, especially at the 3' end, should not form dimers with themselves or other primers, and should not form secondary structures or duplexes with other regions of DNA.
  • primers of about 18 to 20 nucleotides are preferred, and may be easily synthesized using techniques well known in the art.
  • the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions, as well as methods for using the same (for either prophylactic or therapeutic use).
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may comprise an IL-l 3R, sIL-1 3R, antibody which is capable of specifically binding IL- 1 3R, IL-l 3R antagonists or agonists, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient.
  • Such compositions may comprise buffers such as neutral buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline and the like, carbohydrates such as glucose, mannose, sucrose or dextrose, proteins, polypeptides or amino acids, antioxidants, chelating agents such as EDTA or glutathione, and preservatives.
  • compositions of the present invention may be formulated for the manner of administration indicated, including for example, for oral, nasal, venous, vaginal or rectal administration.
  • the compositions may be administered as part of a sustained release implant (e.g., intra-articularly).
  • the compositions may be formulized as a lyophilizate, utilizing appropriate excipients which provide stability as a lyophilizate, and subsequent to rehydration.
  • compositions of the present invention may be utilized in order to treat a wide variety of diseases including, for example, immune-associated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthemia gravis, scleritis, scleroderma, septic shock, allograft rejection, and graft versus host (GVH) disease.
  • diseases including, for example, immune-associated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthemia gravis, scleritis, scleroderma, septic shock, allograft rejection, and graft versus host (GVH) disease.
  • rheumatoid arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthemia gravis, scleritis, scleroderma, septic shock, allograft rejection, and graft versus host (GVH) disease
  • viral vectors are provided which may be utilized to treat diseases wherein either the IL-l Type 3 receptor (or a mutant IL-l Type 3 receptor) is over-expressed, or where no IL-l Type 3 receptor is expressed.
  • viral vectors are provided which direct the production of antisense IL-l Type 3 receptor RNA, in order to prohibit the over-expression of IL-l Type 3 receptors, or the expression of mutant IL-l Type 3 receptors.
  • viral vectors are provided which direct the expression of IL-l Type 3 receptor cDNA.
  • Viral vectors suitable for use in the present invention include, among others, recombinant vaccinia vectors (U.S. Patent Nos.
  • compositions may be administered in vivo, or ex vivo.
  • routes for in vivo administration include intradermally ("i.d.”), intracranially ("i.e.”), intraperitoneally (“i.p.”), intrathecally ("i.t.”), intravenously (“i.v “), subcutaneously (“s.c”) or intramuscularly (“i.m “).
  • the vectors which contain or express nucleic acid molecules of the present invention, or even the nucleic acid molecules themselves may be administered by a variety of alternative techniques, including for example direct DNA injection (Acsadi et al., Nature 352:815-818, 1991); microprojectile bombardment (Williams et al., PNAS 55:2726-2730, 1991); liposomes (Pickering et al., Circ. 59(1):13-21, 1994; and Wang et al., PNAS 5*7851-7855, 1987); lipofection (Feigner et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  • RNA is then isolated from the lung utilizing a Promega RNAgents Total RNA Kit (catalog #Z51 10, Promega, Wise.) according to the manufacturers instructions, followed by the isolation of poly A+ RNA utilizing a Promega PolyATract kit (catalog # Z5420).
  • a cDNA phage library is then prepared utilizing a Giga-Pack Gold library construction kit according to the manufacturers' instructions (catalog #23761 1, Stratagene, LaJolla, Calif), which is in turn plated and screened essentially as described by Sambrook et al., (Molecular Cloning) with oligonucleotide (5'-CTTCAACTGC ACATACCCTC CAGTAACAAA CGGGGCAGTG AATCTGACAT-3') (Sequence I.D. No. 6). This oligonucleotide is complementary to nucleotides 211-260 of the rat IL-l Type 3 receptor cDNA sequence shown in Sequence I.D. No. 3.
  • the phage library is rescreened until a single pure phage isolate is obtained.
  • the phage is then grown on bacterial host XL 1 -Blue (Stratagene, LaJolla, Calif), and plasmid DNA is excised with ExAssist helper phage (Stratagene) in SOLR cells.
  • the SOLR cells are then plated, and plasmid DNA is isolated and sequenced utilizing the Sanger dideoxy protocol.
  • a rat IL-l Type 3 receptor cDNA sequence that may be obtained utilizing this procedure is set forth in Sequence I.D. No. 3.
  • IL-l Type 3 receptor cDNA can also be isolated from commercially available rat cDNA libraries. For example, two million plaques from a rat phage library
  • a rat IL-l Type 3 receptor cDNA sequence that may be obtained utilizing this procedure is set forth in Sequence I.D. No.3.
  • IL-l Type 3 receptor cDNA can also be isolated from commercially available human cDNA libraries. Briefly, approximately two million plaques from a human phage library (Clontech, catalog # HL1 158a) are plated according to the manufacturers instructions, and screened with oligonucleotide (5'-CCTCCCATAA
  • This oligonucleotide is complementary to nucleotides 260-310 of the human IL-l Type 3 receptor cDNA sequence shown in Sequence I.D. No. 1.
  • the phage library is rescreened and isolated as described above.
  • the human sequence that is obtained utilizing this procedure is approximately 89.1% identical at the nucleotide level and 89.2% identical at the amino acid level to that of the common region of the above-described rat IL-l Type 3 receptors.
  • pCDM7amp is a DNA plasmid which contains 1) an ampicillin resistance gene that provides for selection in prokaryotic cells, 2) a bacterial origin of replication which allows propagation and amplification in host bacterial cells, 3) a CMV (cytomegalovirus) promoter which sponsors transcription in mammalian cells, 4) a multiple cloning site (MCS), which is a series of adjacent restriction sites in the DNA sequence that are useful for the insertion of appropriate DNA fragments, and 5) a SV 40 T-antigen splice and polyadenylation site.
  • pCDM7-Amp is constructed from pCDM8 (Seed, Nature 329:840-842,
  • a full-length rat IL-l Type 3 receptor clone in pBluescriptSK- is isolated from the phage clone described above, and cut with EcoRV and Hindlll, releasing two inserts. The inserts are then isolated and ligated to pCDM7-Amp which had been similarly cut. The resulting product is used to transform E. coli DH5 ⁇ , and colonies are examined by restriction digests for correct orientation of the two inserts (i.e., proper formation of the IL-l Type 3R coding sequence.) COS-7 (ATCC No. CRL 1651) cells are then transfected with pCDM7-
  • IL-l Type 3 receptor cDNA (10 ug DNA/ 10 cm plate of cells) utilizing 400 ⁇ g/ml of DEAE-Dextran and 100 ⁇ M chloroquine.
  • the cells are transfected for 4 hours, then shocked with 10% DMSO for 2 minutes.
  • the cells are then washed, and grown in DMEM containing 10% Fetal Bovine Serum for 2 days in a 24-well plate.
  • COS-7 (ATCC No. CRL 1651) cells are then transfected with pCDM7- A p containing IL-l Type 3 receptor cDNA (10 ug DNA 10 cm plate of cells) utilizing 400 ⁇ g/ml of DEAE-Dextran and 100 ⁇ M chloroquine. The cells are transfected for 4 hours, then shocked with 10% DMSO for 2 minutes. The cells are then washed, and grown in DMEM containing 10% Fetal Bovine Serum for 2 days in a 24-well plate.
  • 1 type 3 receptor also referred to as the "soluble" form of the receptor, is constructed essentially as described below.
  • pCDM7amp DNA (as described above) is subjected to restriction endonuclease digestion with two enzymes, Notl and Xhol, each of which have one recognition site in this vector, both located in the MCS.
  • the product is a linearized DNA fragment with the CMV promoter/enhancer immediately upstream of the cut site, and the polyadenylation signal downstream of the cut site.
  • the cleaved vector is isolated by agarose gel electrophoresis and purified using the Gene Clean procedure (Bio 101, San Diego, CA). The vector is now ready to combine with a DNA fragment encoding the soluble human IL-l type 3 receptors.
  • the first primer consists of the sequence 5'-CCTACTCGAG ATGTGGTCCT TGCTGCTC-3' (Sequence ID No: 8).
  • the first four nucleotides of this sequence serve as a spacer, and increase the efficiency of endonuclease cleavage in a subsequent reaction to be described.
  • Nucleotides 5 through 10 encode a Xhol endonuclease cleavage site, and nucleotides 1 1 through 28 are identical to the N-terminal coding region of the human IL-type 3 receptor (nucleotides 129 to 146 in Sequence ID No: 1)).
  • the second primer consists of the sequence 5'-ATGCGCGGCC GCCTATCGAA AATCCGGAGC TGG-3' (Sequence Id No: 9).
  • the first four nucleotides of this sequence serve as a spacer, and increase efficiency of endonuclease cleavage in a subsequent reaction to be described.
  • Nucleotides 5 through 12 encode a No/I endonuclease cleavage site.
  • Nucleotides 13 through 15 encode a translation stop codon, and nucleotides 16 though 33 are complementary to the coding region of the human IL-l type 3 receptor immediately preceding the transmembrane region (nucleotides 1133 through 11 16 in Sequence ID No. 1).
  • the fragment encoding soluble human IL-l type 3 receptor is then generated by PCR. Briefly, lOOng of each primer are combined in a 0.5ml test tube, along with lng of the entire human IL-l type 3 receptor DNA sequence contained in a cloning vector, such as Bluescript (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA). Ten microliters of 10X PCR buffer, 5ul of 25mM MgCl, lul of 25mM aTP, and lul of Taq polymerase/Vent polymerase (16: 1 ratio) are also added to the reaction. The complete sample is then overlayed with lOOul of mineral oil to prevent evaporation, and the sample is placed in a thermocycler.
  • a cloning vector such as Bluescript (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA).
  • Reaction conditions are: 94°C for 15 seconds, 55°C for 60 seconds, and 72°C for 60 seconds. These conditions are repeated for 25 cycles.
  • Product from the reaction is analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis to verify the size of the fragment (1009 bp) and also to determine the approximate amount of DNA generated.
  • the DNA is then isolated by phenol/chloroform extraction and purified over a G-50 mini-spin column (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN) Approximately lOug of the purified DNA fragment is digested with 20 units each of Xhol and NotI restriction endonucleases in a standard reaction to generate cohesive ends on the fragment which are compatible with the pCDM7 vector prepared as detailed above.
  • the digested fragment is then agarose gel purified to remove impurities and contaminating DNA species.
  • One hundred nanograms of vector DNA is combined with lOOng of insert DNA in a 1.5ml mini-tube with lul of 10X ligation buffer, lul of DNA ligase (Boehringer Mannheim), and water to a total volume of lOul. This sample is incubated at 23°C for 2 hours.
  • Transformation One hundred microliters of competent E. coli bacteria cells are combined with the ligation product and incubated on ice for 30 minutes. The sample is then incubated at 42°C for 45 seconds. One milliliter of bacterial medium (Circle Grow, Bio 101, San Diego, CA) is then added, and the sample is shaken at 37°C for 60 minutes. The sample is then plated on a bacterial growth plate containing bacterial medium and ampicillin at lOOug/ml (Fisher Scientific), and incubated for 16 hours at 37°C.
  • Plasmid DNA is then extracted from the remaining cultures by the mini-prep procedure essentially as described by Maniatis et al. (supra), and the recovered DNAs are analyzed by restriction digest with Xhol and No/I restriction endonucleases. The products of restriction digest are visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. Correct plasmids will yield two bands: a vector band of approximately 3 kilobases, and an insert fragment of 1009 bases.
  • the frozen stock of a colony containing the correct plasmid is used to inoculate one liter of bacterial growth medium containing ampicillin (lOOug ml).
  • the culture is shaken at 37°C for 24 hours, and plasmid D ⁇ A is isolated by a maxi-prep procedure (Promega).
  • the portion on this plasmid coding for soluble human IL-l type 3 receptor is analyzed by D ⁇ A sequencing (US Biochemical) in order to verify that the sequence is correct.
  • COS-7 (ATCC No. CRL 1651) or L-tk" cells (ATCC No. CCL 1.3 ) are seeded at lxlO 6 or 3xl0 6 cells on 10 cm tissue culture dishes and incubated over night. Cells are then transfected by a standard DEAE dextran method. Briefly, lO ⁇ g of IL-l type 3 receptor expression plasmid DNA are diluted in 3 ml of Dulbecco's modified Minimum Essential Medium (D-MEM) supplemented with glutamine, pyruvate, 25mM HEPES, 100 microgram/ml DEAE dextran (0.5 Md., Sigma, St. Louis) and 0.1 mM chloroquine (Sigma).
  • D-MEM Dulbecco's modified Minimum Essential Medium
  • IL-l type 1 receptor cDNA and type 3 receptor cDNA are separately transfected into Jurkat cells (ATCC no. TIB 152) together with a reporter plasmid consisting of the HIV promoter region (HIV-LTR) linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. Stimulation of the transfected cells with human IL-l alpha leads through a signaling cascade involving the transcription factor NF-kappaB to the production of CAT, which in turn can be measured by commercially available assays (Promega, Madison, WI) (see also Leung et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269:1579-1582, 1994).
  • Results are shown in Figure 3. Briefly, approximately equal stimulation of CAT activity for both receptors can be seen over mock transfected control cells. This indicates that human IL-l alpha can signal through the IL-l type 3 receptor.
  • RNA protection assays are performed. Briefly, total 32 RNA is isolated from each tissue or part of the brain and annealed at 65°C to P- labeled RNA generated from a plasmid containing a 600 bp fragment which covers the entire transmembrane region and portions of the extracellular and intracellular domains of the Type 3 receptor cDNA. Samples are then digested with RNase and fractionated on a denaturing polyacrylamice gel. The gel is then dried and the radioactivity quantitated using a Phospholmager ( Figure 4).
  • the highest level of expression is in the lung, followed by the epididymus and testis.
  • the cerebral cortex contains the highest level of the Type 3 receptor, although other areas of the brain were also positive.
  • the IL-l type 3 receptor may be found in the thymus and the spleen. In the thymus the signal is most prominent in the cortical region and not in the medulla. Within the rat brain the IL-l type 3 receptor expression is detectable in the hippocampus and the fourth ventricle. This is in contrast to the localization of the IL-l type 1 receptor which is restricted to the dentate gyrus granule cells. Briefly, dissected tissue is frozen in isopentane cooled to -42°C and subsequently stored at -80°C prior to sectioning on a cryostat. Slide-mounted tissue sections are then stored at -80°C.
  • Sections are removed from storage and placed directly into 4% buffered paraformaldehyde at room temperature. After 60 minutes, slides are rinsed in isotonic phosphate buffered saline (10 min.) and treated with proteinase K (1 ⁇ g/ml in 100 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.0) for 10 minutes at 37°C. Subsequently, sections are successively washed in water (1 min.), 0.1 M triethanolamine (pH 8.0, plus 0.25% acetic anhydride) for 10 minutes and 2X SSC (0.3 mM NaCl, 0.03 mM sodium citrate, pH 7.2) for 5 minutes. Sections are then dehydrated through graded alcohols and air dried.
  • Post-fixed sections are hybridized with 1.0 x IO 6 dpm [35S]UTP-labeled riboprobes in hybridization buffer containing 75% formamide, 10% dextran sulphate, 3X SSC, 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.4), IX Denhardt's solution, 0.1 mg/ml yeast tRNA and 10 mM dithiothreitol in a total volume of 30 ⁇ l.
  • the diluted probe is applied to sections on a glass coverslip and hybridized overnight at 55°C in a humid environment.
  • sections Post-hybridization, sections are washed in 2X SSC for 5 minutes and then treated with RNase A (200 ⁇ g/ml in lO mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.0, containing 0.5 M NaCl) for 60 minutes at 37°C. Subsequently, sections are washed in 2X SSC for 5 minutes, IX SSC for 5 minutes, 0.1X SSC for 60 minutes at 70°C, 0.5X SSC at room temperature for 5 minutes and then dehydrated in graded alcohols and air dried. For signal detection, sections are placed on Kodak Bio Max X-ray film and exposed for the required length of time or dipped in photographic emulsion (Amsersham LM-1) for high resolution analysis. Autoradiograms are analyzed using automated image analysis (DAGE camera/Mac II) while dipped sections were examined using a Zeiss Axioscope.
  • RNase A 200 ⁇ g/ml in lO mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.0,
  • T lymphocyte lectins such as phytohemagglutin (PHA)
  • PHA phytohemagglutin
  • Soluble human Type 1 receptor produced in baculovirus may be used as a positive control.
  • soluble IL-l type 1 or type 3 receptors are added to wells of a 96 well plate and serially diluted IL-l is also added.
  • Thymi are removed from young mice and a single cell suspension prepared in tissue culture media. Cells are washed 3 times and resuspended at a concentration of 10 7 cells/ml. Cells are plated at 100 microliters in a 96 well flat bottom microtiter plate. PHA is added to stimulate the cells. Plates are then incubated for 48 hours in a 37°C, 5% CO 2 humidified incubator, and [ 3 H] thymidine is added to the cells for the last 4 to 6 hours. Cells are then harvested and the [ 3 H] thymidine inco ⁇ oration determined by liquid scintillation counting.
  • both human IL-l type 3 and rat IL-l type 3 receptors effectively inhibit thymocyte proliferation in a manner similar to that observed for soluble human type 1 receptor. This result strongly indicates that the type 3 receptor inhibits thymocyte proliferation by binding to the exogenously added IL-l.
  • ATC CCA GTG TCC AAA ATC ATA CAG TCT AGA A ⁇ CAC CAG GAC GAG ACT 362 H e Pro Val Ser Lys H e H e Gi n Ser Arg H e Hi s Gi n Asp Gl u Thr 65 70 75
  • GAT GAT TAC TAT GAT GAA TCC AAA CGA ATC AGA GAA GGG GTG GAA ACC 986 Asp Asp Tyr Tyr Asp Glu Ser Lys Arg He Arg Glu Gly Val Glu Thr 275 280 285
  • CAG GCC CAG AAC TAGGCTCAAG AAGAAAGAAG TGTACTCTCA CGACTGGCTA 1854 Gin Ala Gin Asn 560
  • MOLECULE TYPE protein
  • TGTACAGCTC CACTTGGGGA AGCCCGAA ATG GGG ATG CCA CCC TTG CTC TTC 112
  • TGT TAC CGA ATA GCT ATA AAC CTA ACC GTT TTT AGA AAA CAC TGG TGC 448 Cys Tyr Arg He Ala He Asn Leu Thr Val Phe Arg Lys His Trp Cys 105 110 115 120
  • ACG TAT CCA AAA AAC AAC TCC ATT GAA GTT CAA C ⁇ GGC TCC ACC CTC 832 Thr Tyr Pro Lys Asn Asn Ser He Glu Val Gin Leu Gly Ser Thr Leu 235 240 245
  • CAG TAC ATC CGA CAG AAG CAC GGG GCC ATC CAG TGG GAT GGG GAC TTC 1648 Gin Tyr He Arg Gin Lys His Gly Ala He Gin Trp Asp Gly Asp Phe 505 510 515 520

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des molécules d'acide nucléique isolées codant des formes de récepteurs de type 3 de l'interleukine 1, solubles et liés à une membrane, ainsi que des vecteurs d'expression de recombinaison et des cellules hôtes appropriées pour exprimer ces récepteurs.
PCT/US1995/012037 1994-09-09 1995-09-11 Recepteurs de type 3 de l'interleukine 1 WO1996007739A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8509726A JPH10508743A (ja) 1994-09-09 1995-09-11 インターロイキン−１ タイプ３レセプター
AU36805/95A AU705595B2 (en) 1994-09-09 1995-09-11 Interleukin-1 type 3 receptors
EP95934482A EP0779923A2 (fr) 1994-09-09 1995-09-11 Recepteurs de type 3 de l'interleukine 1

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30395794A 1994-09-09 1994-09-09
US08/303,957 1994-09-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996007739A2 true WO1996007739A2 (fr) 1996-03-14
WO1996007739A3 WO1996007739A3 (fr) 1996-04-18

Family

ID=23174426

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1995/012037 WO1996007739A2 (fr) 1994-09-09 1995-09-11 Recepteurs de type 3 de l'interleukine 1

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0779923A2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH10508743A (fr)
AU (1) AU705595B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2199609A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996007739A2 (fr)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5770442A (en) * 1995-02-21 1998-06-23 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Chimeric adenoviral fiber protein and methods of using same
WO1999019480A2 (fr) * 1997-10-15 1999-04-22 Schering Corporation Proteines receptrices humaines et reactifs et methodes associes
US6057155A (en) * 1995-11-28 2000-05-02 Genvec, Inc. Targeting adenovirus with use of constrained peptide motifs
US6127525A (en) * 1995-02-21 2000-10-03 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Chimeric adenoviral coat protein and methods of using same
WO2001057219A2 (fr) * 2000-02-02 2001-08-09 Schering Corporation Cytokines mammaliennes, leurs recepteurs, reactifs et procedes correspondants
US6326472B1 (en) 1997-10-15 2001-12-04 Schering Corporation Human receptor proteins; related reagents and methods
US6913922B1 (en) 1999-05-18 2005-07-05 Crucell Holland B.V. Serotype of adenovirus and uses thereof
US6929946B1 (en) 1998-11-20 2005-08-16 Crucell Holland B.V. Gene delivery vectors provided with a tissue tropism for smooth muscle cells, and/or endothelial cells
US6951755B2 (en) 1994-09-08 2005-10-04 Genvec, Inc. Vectors and methods for gene transfer
US6974695B2 (en) 2000-11-15 2005-12-13 Crucell Holland B.V. Complementing cell lines
US7235233B2 (en) 2000-09-26 2007-06-26 Crucell Holland B.V. Serotype 5 adenoviral vectors with chimeric fibers for gene delivery in skeletal muscle cells or myoblasts
US7468181B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2008-12-23 Crucell Holland B.V. Means and methods for the production of adenovirus vectors
US7749493B2 (en) 1998-07-08 2010-07-06 Crucell Holland B.V. Chimeric adenoviruses
US11267893B2 (en) 2018-07-16 2022-03-08 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Anti-IL36R antibodies

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6783980B2 (en) 1995-06-15 2004-08-31 Crucell Holland B.V. Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy
FR2804028B1 (fr) * 2000-01-21 2004-06-04 Merial Sas Vaccins adn ameliores pour animaux de rente

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993019777A1 (fr) * 1992-03-30 1993-10-14 Immunex Corporation Proteines de fusion comprenant un recepteur de facteur de necrose tumorale
WO1994020517A1 (fr) * 1993-03-08 1994-09-15 University Of Pittsburgh Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Transfert genique destine au traitement de tissus conjonctifs chez un mammifere hote
EP0623674A1 (fr) * 1987-11-25 1994-11-09 Immunex Corporation Récepteurs d'interleukine-1

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0623674A1 (fr) * 1987-11-25 1994-11-09 Immunex Corporation Récepteurs d'interleukine-1
WO1993019777A1 (fr) * 1992-03-30 1993-10-14 Immunex Corporation Proteines de fusion comprenant un recepteur de facteur de necrose tumorale
WO1994020517A1 (fr) * 1993-03-08 1994-09-15 University Of Pittsburgh Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Transfert genique destine au traitement de tissus conjonctifs chez un mammifere hote

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6951755B2 (en) 1994-09-08 2005-10-04 Genvec, Inc. Vectors and methods for gene transfer
US6127525A (en) * 1995-02-21 2000-10-03 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Chimeric adenoviral coat protein and methods of using same
US6153435A (en) * 1995-02-21 2000-11-28 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Nucleic acid that encodes a chimeric adenoviral coat protein
US5770442A (en) * 1995-02-21 1998-06-23 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Chimeric adenoviral fiber protein and methods of using same
US6057155A (en) * 1995-11-28 2000-05-02 Genvec, Inc. Targeting adenovirus with use of constrained peptide motifs
US6329190B1 (en) 1995-11-28 2001-12-11 Genvec, Inc. Targetting adenovirus with use of constrained peptide motifs
US6649407B2 (en) 1995-11-28 2003-11-18 Genvec, Inc. Targeting adenovirus with use of constrained peptide motifs
WO1999019480A2 (fr) * 1997-10-15 1999-04-22 Schering Corporation Proteines receptrices humaines et reactifs et methodes associes
WO1999019480A3 (fr) * 1997-10-15 1999-06-24 Schering Corp Proteines receptrices humaines et reactifs et methodes associes
US6326472B1 (en) 1997-10-15 2001-12-04 Schering Corporation Human receptor proteins; related reagents and methods
US7749493B2 (en) 1998-07-08 2010-07-06 Crucell Holland B.V. Chimeric adenoviruses
US6929946B1 (en) 1998-11-20 2005-08-16 Crucell Holland B.V. Gene delivery vectors provided with a tissue tropism for smooth muscle cells, and/or endothelial cells
US7270811B2 (en) 1999-05-18 2007-09-18 Crucell Holland B.V. Serotype of adenovirus and uses thereof
US6913922B1 (en) 1999-05-18 2005-07-05 Crucell Holland B.V. Serotype of adenovirus and uses thereof
US7250293B2 (en) 1999-05-18 2007-07-31 Crucell Holland B.V. Complementing cell lines
US6843987B2 (en) 2000-02-02 2005-01-18 Schering Corporation Mammalian cytokines; receptors; related reagents and methods
WO2001057219A3 (fr) * 2000-02-02 2002-03-07 Schering Corp Cytokines mammaliennes, leurs recepteurs, reactifs et procedes correspondants
WO2001057219A2 (fr) * 2000-02-02 2001-08-09 Schering Corporation Cytokines mammaliennes, leurs recepteurs, reactifs et procedes correspondants
US7235233B2 (en) 2000-09-26 2007-06-26 Crucell Holland B.V. Serotype 5 adenoviral vectors with chimeric fibers for gene delivery in skeletal muscle cells or myoblasts
US6974695B2 (en) 2000-11-15 2005-12-13 Crucell Holland B.V. Complementing cell lines
US7344883B2 (en) 2000-11-15 2008-03-18 Crucell Holland B.V. Complementing cell lines
US7468181B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2008-12-23 Crucell Holland B.V. Means and methods for the production of adenovirus vectors
US11267893B2 (en) 2018-07-16 2022-03-08 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Anti-IL36R antibodies
US12060428B2 (en) 2018-07-16 2024-08-13 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Anti-IL36R antibodies

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3680595A (en) 1996-03-27
EP0779923A2 (fr) 1997-06-25
AU705595B2 (en) 1999-05-27
CA2199609A1 (fr) 1996-03-14
JPH10508743A (ja) 1998-09-02
WO1996007739A3 (fr) 1996-04-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU705595B2 (en) Interleukin-1 type 3 receptors
CA2124085C (fr) Recepteur de l'oncostatine m et du facteur inhibiteur de la leucemie
JP4392058B2 (ja) オンコスタチンｍ受容体
FI116943B (fi) Menetelmä kasvainkuoliotekijän reseptoria sisältävien fuusioproteiinien valmistamiseksi ja niitä koodaava DNA ja vektori
JP3515112B2 (ja) グルカゴン・レセプタ
IE883523L (en) Interleukin-1 Receptors
AU717928B2 (en) Human interleukin-11 receptor
CA2241564A1 (fr) Recepteur et ligands wsx
NZ238255A (en) Type ii interleukin i receptor proteins and their preparation
JPH06504438A (ja) 白血病抑制因子受容体
CA2188279C (fr) Recepteurs de l'interleukine-15
US7084253B2 (en) Protease-activated receptor PAR4 (ZCHEMR2)
IE66494B1 (en) Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptors
AU703140B2 (en) Corticotropin-releasing factor2 receptors
US5776725A (en) Recombinant production of glucagon receptors
CA2123492C (fr) Antigene lymphoide cd 30
US5786203A (en) Isolated nucleic acid encoding corticotropin-releasing factor2 receptors
US6239268B1 (en) Interleukin-1 type 3 receptors
JP3067798B2 (ja) 顆粒球コロニー刺激因子レセプター
US6274547B1 (en) Methods comprising the use of human interleukin-11 receptor proteins
AU625534B2 (en) Interleukin-1 receptors
FI108645B (fi) Kasvainkuoliotekijä-alfa- ja kasvainkuoliotekijä-beta- reseptoreita
CN1351081A (zh) 具有抑制癌细胞生长功能的新的人蛋白及其编码序列
EP1180146A1 (fr) Proteine 32 alpha helicoidale secretee
IE911108A1 (en) Isolated Viral Protein Cytokine Antagonists

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AM AU BB BG BR BY CA CN CZ EE FI GE HU JP KG KP KR KZ LK LR LT LV MD MG MN MX NO NZ PL RO RU SI SK TJ TT UA UZ VN

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): KE MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
ENP Entry into the national phase in:

Ref document number: 2199609

Country of ref document: CA

Ref country code: CA

Ref document number: 2199609

Kind code of ref document: A

Format of ref document f/p: F

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1995934482

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1995934482

Country of ref document: EP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1995934482

Country of ref document: EP

点击 这是indexloc提供的php浏览器服务，不要输入任何密码和下载