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WO1996005018A1 - Rouleaux destines a des fourneaux de traitement thermique, de recuit et de type tunnel - Google Patents

Rouleaux destines a des fourneaux de traitement thermique, de recuit et de type tunnel Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1996005018A1
WO1996005018A1 PCT/US1994/012325 US9412325W WO9605018A1 WO 1996005018 A1 WO1996005018 A1 WO 1996005018A1 US 9412325 W US9412325 W US 9412325W WO 9605018 A1 WO9605018 A1 WO 9605018A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
strip
roll
ring
steel alloy
tubular body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1994/012325
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jorge A. Morando
Original Assignee
Alphatech, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alphatech, Inc. filed Critical Alphatech, Inc.
Priority to AU10839/95A priority Critical patent/AU1083995A/en
Publication of WO1996005018A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996005018A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/562—Details
    • C21D9/563—Rolls; Drums; Roll arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/02—Skids or tracks for heavy objects
    • F27D3/026—Skids or tracks for heavy objects transport or conveyor rolls for furnaces; roller rails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B39/00—Arrangements for moving, supporting, or positioning work, or controlling its movement, combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B39/008—Rollers for roller conveyors

Definitions

  • Dragging the furnace consists of sliding a plate having a chain mesh, over the furnace rolls at a high temperature (1900°F to 2000°F) in the opposite direction of the rotation of the rolls (reverse direction of the usual operation of the furnace). This process eliminates the weekly build-up that has accumulated on the rolls. After several weeks (usually monthly), the rolls are removed and the surfaces are ground. Unfortunately, these methods are insufficient to minimize the most expensive of all the consequences: poor strip quality. The rejection rates are staggering.
  • Adhesion is the phenomenon which occurs when two surfaces come in contact under a pure normal load. However, at high temperatures, especially near the melting point of the materials in contact, no load is required to create adhesion because of the extremely high energy of adhesion available. (Reference: Rabinowicz, FRICTION AND WEAR OF MATERIALS, 1965)
  • Adhesive wear exists whenever one solid metallic material contacts the surface of another. The removal of material takes the form of small particles that are usually transferred from one surface to the other surface, or that may come off in loose form. Both cases occur in annealing and heat treating furnace rolls.
  • the wear mechanism is the consequence of the tendency of contacting surfaces to adhere, due to the attracting forces existing between the surface atoms of the two materials in contact. If two surfaces are brought together and then separated, these attractive forces attempt to pull material from one surface -3- onto the other. This is much more severe when the two materials in contact are soluble into each other, and/or the contact takes place at high temperatures or near the melting point of one or both of the materials in contact, as in annealing furnace rolls and heat treating furnace rolls. Whenever material is removed from its original surface in this way, an adhesive wear fragment is created.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of an interface, showing the apparent and real areas of contact. This interaction is important when the operating temperature is near the melting point of the two materials. It is known that atom-to-atom forces are of a very short range (a few angstroms).
  • junctions regions of contact in the adhesion theory.
  • the sum of the areas of all the junctions constitute the "real area of contact, Ap".
  • the total interfacial area consists of both the real area of contact, A ⁇ and those regions which appear in contact, but where the distance between the surfaces assure us that it is not, and will be referred to as the "apparent area of contact, A-”.
  • Figure 3 compares the yield stress and hardness for elemental metals. Based on the preceding discussion, we realize the importance of establishing the minimum area of contact that will be able to carry the load, in our case, the steel strip being conveyed in the furnace.
  • Figure 4 shows adhesion forces created when two identical metallic materials come in contact under a constant load. When the area of contact is gradually increased, the adhesion forces diminish up to a point, past which the adhesion forces begin to increase again in opposition to the theoretical stand that as the surface unit load (L/A) is decreased, the adhesion forces should continue to decrease.
  • L/A surface unit load
  • Figure 4 also shows that by changing one of the two materials in contact for a different material, we can decrease the adhesion forces that were being created. But, the minimum area of contact remains the same since it is a function of the weaker of the two materials (the strip in our application).
  • Adhesive wear cannot be explained unless strong adhesive forces exist between the contacting solids. Yet, adhesive wear occurs universally. Also, in Rabinowicz, page 28, we seethe importance of surface energy as a reductor of adhesion, showing the close correlation of surface energy versus hardness. Adhesion by pure normal contact is generally small. The foremost reason is the very small value of the real area of contact that is even further reduced when the normal load is removed. When the contact between the metallic materials takes place at very high temperatures, the adhesion forces could be substantial (unless the proper mating material is selected and the area minimized), and the consequence of the adhesive wear is the damage characteristically found on furnace rolls.
  • adhesion is high when: a. Materials have high surface energy, since this will make it more difficult for a junction to be broken, b. Adhesion will be high if the material selected in contact can store small amounts of elastic energy, since this will reduce the elastic spring-back. c. It is significant that adhesion is far more pronounced with unlike metal pairs which form intermediate phases than with metal pairs which are insoluble. The reason is that insoluble metal pairs have smaller energy of adhesion values. (Keller, 1963) Summary of the Invention
  • the broad purpose of the present invention is to provide a roll for an annealing furnace having a substantially greater fatigue life.
  • I have formulated the materials in contact with the steel strip (I call them wear rings) to contain large concentrated amounts of chromium carbide, tungsten carbide, vanadium carbide and the like on their surfaces, obtaining in this fashion a wear ring surface with a very high hardness, and simultaneously, a low surface energy that will minimize and in some instances eliminate adhesion.
  • Figure 5 is a plot of surface energy at the melting point against hardness at room temperature, for some metals and non-metals.
  • this surface has an enormous resistance to micro-welding because of the high carbon content in the elements forming it, nearly eliminating their solubility with the strip material.
  • Any micro-weld that could take place between the roll wear ring and the steel strip surfaces must prevent the formation of alloys with metallic bonding properties (tough, flexible and strong). If alloy welds occur, they should have the characteristics of a covalent bonded alloy (weak, brittle and friable) such that upon subsequent rotation of the roll, the plane of separation will be at the formed weld, not inside the strip or the roll wear rings, since these are the types of breakage that generate roll pitting or build-up. In other words, if the wear ring material is not properly formulated at the real area of contact between the wear ring and the strip, a high adhesion force or a micro-weld will take place. When this contact is broken, the break will occur along the latter
  • Adhesive wear occurs at any temperature, and atomic inter-diffusion and re-crystallization may be absent. Nonetheless, the conditions at the interface during adhesive wear are identical to those prevailing in the "cold welding" process. It is preferable to use the term "adhesive wear” rather than "welding wear”.
  • Figure 6 shows the schematic form of the junction of two contacting materials being sheared. If the shear strength of the junction is much bigger than the bulk strength of the top material, shear will take place along path 2 producing fragment shaded. If the force required to break through the interface of the two materials in contact, either because of the strength of the adhesion forces or because of the compound alloy formed at the interface (see Figure 7) is larger than the force required to break through a continuous surface inside one of the two materials, the break will occur along the latter surface producing a transferred wear particle.
  • Figure 7(a) shows a typical metallurgical weld
  • Figure 7(b) shows a typical adhesional joint.
  • the wear rings must have high hardness, high carbide content (undesirable in the roll body material because of low impact resistance) and the minimum nickel possible commensurate with the ⁇ y requirement and as high a carbon content as possible (eutectic or near eutectic) to aid in the carbide formation and to impart the highest possible surface hardness.
  • centrifugal casting these alloys enhances the concentration and densification of the carbide grains on the contact surfaces, thus further improving their anti-adhesion behavior and performance.
  • the wear rings' material chemical composition limits are as follows: %
  • ADHESION The cause of failure (of annealing and heat treating furnace rolls) is: ADHESION.
  • adhesion forces decrease with a decrease of load per unit area up to a point (which I call "optimum contact area point"), below which the adhesion forces begin to increase again.
  • optimum contact area point a point below which the adhesion forces begin to increase again.
  • adhesion is not a linear phenomenon, but a quadratic or cubic function of the following variables:
  • My invention addresses the cause of the failure and, by doing so, eliminates high maintenance costs in annealing and heat treating furnace rolls, namely minimizing or eliminating adhesion by: A. Optimizing the area of contact between the strip and the rolls by reducing it to the optimum area required, based on the non-linear behavior of the adhesion phenomenon.
  • Figure 8 is a view of a steel strip exiting an annealing furnace on rolls, illustrating the preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 9 is a chart indicating the relationship between the adhesion forces on a roll and the area of contact.
  • Figure 10 is a longitudinal cross-section through a roll, illustrating the preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 11 is a view of the strip test set-up.
  • Figure 12 is a penetration hardness curve.
  • Figure 9 schematically illustrates a steel strip 10 being removed from an annealing furnace 12 on a series of driven conveyor rolls 14.
  • the general purpose is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Figure 10 illustrates the longitudinal cross-section of a typical roll 14.
  • Roll 14 has a tubular body 16, preferably NICHRON 72, which is selected for its strength at the highest operating temperature. The reason is that a strip has substantial weight in addition to substantial width.
  • the overall length of the roll varies with the width of the strip being carried to about 120" to 140".
  • the body has cylindrical outside surface 18 with a diameter and thickness depending on the weight of the strip (about 10V_" as an example).
  • Body 16 is formed about a longitudinal axis 20, and has a %" vent hole 22 adjacent one end. The body has a internal diameter of 8%" in the particular example being presented.
  • a pair of bell-shaped members 24 and 26 are welded to opposite ends of body 16. Each bell-shaped member has an inner end 28 welded to the end of the body for a distance of about 3" .
  • Members 24 and 26 each have a length of about 16%", including a narrowed cylindrical section 30 about 10 3 ⁇ " long.
  • a ceramic plug 32 is received in the tapered midsection of member 24.
  • Member 24 is preferably formed of NICHRON 72 available from Alphatech, Inc., 34210 James J. Pompo Drive, Fraser, Ml 48026. The ceramic plug of Alphatech ZRS10 is available from the same source.
  • the outer end of section 30 receives the end of a shaft 34.
  • the shaft is welded to tubular section 30.
  • About 3V_" of the shaft is received inside Section 30.
  • the shaft has a midsection 36 about 6V_" long for seating on a bearing, and a keyed joumalled end 38.
  • Bell-shaped section 26 has a 3" long cylindrical end received at the opposite end of tubular body 16. Section 26 is also welded to the tubular body.
  • a second ceramic plug 27 is received in the funnel-shaped midsection of body 26.
  • Body 26 has a cylindrical outer end 42 having a 3V_" internal diameter adapted to be seated in a bearing.
  • the outer end 42 receives the inner end of a shaft 44 which is aligned with the longitudinal axis 20 of the roll as well as the axis of shaft 36.
  • Shaft 44 has about a 7" keyway 46.
  • five wear rings 48 are mounted on the tubular body. Each wear ring has a 12" outside diameter and a width "W r " of 3%". The rings are spaced a distance of 10" between adjacent rings with the center of ring 52 being located 35" from the end of tubular body 16.
  • the wear rings whose material has been selected, in this example, for its low "pick-up" characteristic when in contact with low carbon steels, are slid onto the tubular body and welded in position.
  • the ring material again in this example, is preferably a NICO 6-1 alloy steel, or in the alternative, NICO 10 alloy steel, both available from Alphatech, Inc.
  • the shaft ends 44 and 36 are preferably a 304 alloy steel or in the alternative, a 17-4 alloy steel.
  • the ring material is selected by a comparison with the material of a steel strip so that the two materials now meet all or most of the six requirements outlined earlier.
  • the ring material is selected for its durability and its appropriate oxidation characteristics.
  • the rings can be easily removed and replaced, at a fraction of the cost of a new conventional roll. Further, the rings minimize the heat radiated and transferred from the steel strip to the remainder of the roll, thus enhancing the life of the welds connecting the bell-shaped shaft members to the tubular body.
  • T AU Average Shear
  • the total load force applied by the strip on the individual rings can be established as follows:
  • the width of the wear rings can then be calculated as follows:

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Abstract

Ce rouleau (14) de fourneau est destiné au transfert de feuillards d'acier provenant d'un fourneau de recuit et est pourvu de plusieurs anneaux (48, 50, 52, 54, 56) espacés le long de son corps (16). Ces anneaux possèdent une largeur et un diamètre choisis de manière que la charge sur chacun d'eux soit optimisée en fonction du matériau du feuillard et de l'anneau. Le matériau du feuillard adhère relativement peu sur le matériau choisi pour l'anneau.
PCT/US1994/012325 1994-08-09 1994-10-28 Rouleaux destines a des fourneaux de traitement thermique, de recuit et de type tunnel WO1996005018A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU10839/95A AU1083995A (en) 1994-08-09 1994-10-28 Heat treating, annealing and tunnel furnace rolls

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28764794A 1994-08-09 1994-08-09
US287,647 1994-08-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996005018A1 true WO1996005018A1 (fr) 1996-02-22

Family

ID=23103779

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1994/012325 WO1996005018A1 (fr) 1994-08-09 1994-10-28 Rouleaux destines a des fourneaux de traitement thermique, de recuit et de type tunnel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1083995A (fr)
CZ (1) CZ198995A3 (fr)
HU (1) HUT72280A (fr)
PL (1) PL309940A1 (fr)
SK (1) SK99595A3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996005018A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108579887A (zh) * 2018-06-11 2018-09-28 天津中德应用技术大学 非棱线分块辊面的辊压机压辊装配结构
WO2019193895A1 (fr) * 2018-04-02 2019-10-10 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド Rouleau de transport pour four de réchauffage

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2653814A (en) * 1950-12-14 1953-09-29 United States Steel Corp Automatic self-centering roll
US3051460A (en) * 1958-02-24 1962-08-28 Selas Corp Of America Furnace conveyor roll
US3845534A (en) * 1972-06-06 1974-11-05 Kuesters E Grooved roller and method of making same
US4104772A (en) * 1976-05-17 1978-08-08 Valmet Oy Strip-covered roll and method for manufacturing the same
US4149303A (en) * 1977-02-02 1979-04-17 Eduard Kusters Roll
US4832186A (en) * 1988-04-18 1989-05-23 Dynapower Corporation Conveyor tracking roller having helical guides with variable pitch

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2653814A (en) * 1950-12-14 1953-09-29 United States Steel Corp Automatic self-centering roll
US3051460A (en) * 1958-02-24 1962-08-28 Selas Corp Of America Furnace conveyor roll
US3845534A (en) * 1972-06-06 1974-11-05 Kuesters E Grooved roller and method of making same
US4104772A (en) * 1976-05-17 1978-08-08 Valmet Oy Strip-covered roll and method for manufacturing the same
US4149303A (en) * 1977-02-02 1979-04-17 Eduard Kusters Roll
US4832186A (en) * 1988-04-18 1989-05-23 Dynapower Corporation Conveyor tracking roller having helical guides with variable pitch

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019193895A1 (fr) * 2018-04-02 2019-10-10 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド Rouleau de transport pour four de réchauffage
JPWO2019193895A1 (ja) * 2018-04-02 2021-04-08 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド 加熱炉用搬送ローラー
CN108579887A (zh) * 2018-06-11 2018-09-28 天津中德应用技术大学 非棱线分块辊面的辊压机压辊装配结构
CN108579887B (zh) * 2018-06-11 2023-06-09 天津中德应用技术大学 非棱线分块辊面的辊压机压辊装配结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SK99595A3 (en) 1997-04-09
HU9502357D0 (en) 1995-09-28
PL309940A1 (en) 1996-02-19
HUT72280A (en) 1996-04-29
AU1083995A (en) 1996-03-07
CZ198995A3 (en) 1996-02-14

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