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WO1996004770A1 - Ballast de lampe a decharge a haute intensite - Google Patents

Ballast de lampe a decharge a haute intensite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996004770A1
WO1996004770A1 PCT/IB1995/000574 IB9500574W WO9604770A1 WO 1996004770 A1 WO1996004770 A1 WO 1996004770A1 IB 9500574 W IB9500574 W IB 9500574W WO 9604770 A1 WO9604770 A1 WO 9604770A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ballast
lamp
switching
switching signal
power factor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB1995/000574
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Edmond Daniel
Joseph S. Droho
Original Assignee
Philips Electronics N.V.
Philips Norden Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Electronics N.V., Philips Norden Ab filed Critical Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority to EP95924478A priority Critical patent/EP0721730A1/fr
Priority to JP8506355A priority patent/JPH09503342A/ja
Publication of WO1996004770A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996004770A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/16—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies
    • H05B41/18—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having a starting switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/02—Details
    • H05B41/04—Starting switches
    • H05B41/042—Starting switches using semiconductor devices

Definitions

  • a high intensity discharge lamp ballast is provided.
  • This invention relates generally to a high intensity discharge (HID) lamp ballast and, more particularly, to an HID lamp ballast having a power factor correction scheme with optional auxiliary lighting.
  • HID high intensity discharge
  • An HID lamp generally refers to a family of lamps including high pressure mercury, high pressure sodium, metal halide and low pressure sodium.
  • a conventional ballast for powering an HID lamp often includes a capacitive power factor correction scheme which is responsive to and employed when the HID lamp is lit. The power factor correction scheme, should not be used when the HID lamp is not lit. Otherwise, a relatively high current level can be drawn by the ballast prior to the lamp being lit. The relatively high level of current can limit the number of power factor correction ballasts which can be connected to a branch utility power line (i.e. protected by a circuit breaker).
  • HID lamps also are often difficult to ignite and especially difficult to re- ignite immediately. Typically, up to about fifteen minutes may be required for the lamp to sufficiently cool prior to attempting re-ignition. Auxiliary lighting responsive to the unlit HID lamp provides light during the initial period for ignition or re-ignition of the HID lamp or whenever the HID lamp otherwise fails to light.
  • the responsiveness of the power factor correction and auxiliary lighting schemes to the HID lamp status can be provided by a switching device, the switching device being turned ON and OFF based on the HID lamp status.
  • the switching device e.g. a thyristor
  • False triggering can result in the power factor correction scheme being turned ON when the HID lamp is not lit.
  • Undesirably high current levels drawn by the ballast can result.
  • False triggering also can result in the auxiliary lamp flickering or being turned OFF prior to lamp ignition. Accordingly, it is desirable to provide an improved HID ballast having a more reliable power factor correction scheme.
  • ballast for a HID lamp comprising: - control means for producing a switching signal; switching means for providing an interruptible conductive path on the switchi signal; corrective means responsive to the establishment of the interruptible conducti path for improving the power factor.
  • the invented ballast is characterized in that the ballast comprises bypass means for diverti a portion of a certain type of the switching signal away from the switching means such th the switching means is non responsive to the certain type of switching signal.
  • the certain type of switching signal includes, but is not limited to, volt pulses of a frequency of about 120 Hz or greater produced when attempting to start the ballast. False triggering of the power factor correction device prior to successful ignition o the lamp is substantially eliminated. More particularly, false triggering of the power factor correction device is avoided by the bypass device diverting voltage pulses which can turn the switching device away from the switching device when attempting to ignite the lamp. Accordingly, undesirable high current levels drawn by a capacitive power factor correctio scheme of an HID ballast prior to ignition of an HID lamp are substantially eliminated.
  • the control device is a choke (i.e., inductor).
  • the switching signal which is produced from a tap of the choke, represents the flow of current through a first portion of the choke. Ignition pulses produce by a starting circuit across a second portion of the choke induce voltage pulses across the first portion of the choke. The induced voltage pulses result in the certain type of switchin signal which is diverted by the bypass device.
  • the switching device is generally a triac.
  • T bypass device preferably includes a capacitor which is connected to a gate of the triac.
  • a ballast for lighti a first lamp and a second lamp includes a control device for controlling current flow throu the first lamp and for producing a switching signal representing the flow of current throug portion of the control device.
  • a switching device is operable for substantially short circuiti the second lamp based on the switching signal.
  • the ballast further includes a bypass devic for diverting a certain type of switching signal away from the switching device such that t switching device is non-responsive to the production of the certain type of switching signal by the control device.
  • the certain type of switching signal which is diverted has a frequency greater than a predetermined level (e.g. at or above 120 Hz).
  • the first lamp is of the HID type.
  • the second lamp provides auxiliary lighting when the first lamp is not lit.
  • the ballast also includes power factor correction means for improving the power factor of the ballast during the time the second lamp is substantially short circuited.
  • the switching device including an inductor for suppressing high inrush currents
  • second lamp are preferably connected in parallel to form a parallel connection which in turn is serially connected to the power factor correction device.
  • a ballast for lighting a high intensity discharge lamp includes a ballast controller for controlling current flow through the lamp and for producing a switching signal reflecting the voltage developed across at least a portion of the ballast controller.
  • the ballast also includes a switching device for providing an electrically conductive path therethrough based on the switching signal and a power factor correction device responsive to establishment of an electrically conductive path through the switching device for improving the power factor of the ballast.
  • the ballast further includes a bypass device for diverting a certain type of switching signal away from the switching device such that the switching device is non-responsive to the production of the certain type of switching signal by the ballast controller.
  • a method for operating a ballast for powering a high intensity discharge lamp includes the steps of producing a switching signal representing the flow of current through at least a portion of a ballasting element during and after starting of the lamp, diverting the switching signal away from a switching device during lamp starting, establishing only after starting of the lamp an electrically conductive path through the switching device based on the switching signal and correcting the power factor of the ballast once the electrically conductive path has been established.
  • an object of the invention to provide an improved HID ballast having a more reliable power factor correction scheme. It is another object of the invention to provide an improved power factor corrected HID ballast having a more reliable auxiliary lighting scheme.
  • the invention accordingly comprises several steps in the relation of on more such steps with respect to each of the others, and the device embodying features of construction, combination of elements and arrangements of parts which are adapted to eff such steps, all is exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
  • FIG. a lighting system in accordance with the invention.
  • a lighting system 10 includes an A.C. source 20 connected to a pair of input terminals 33 and 36 of a ballast 30, an HID lamp 40 and an optional auxiliary lamp 50.
  • Ballast 30 also includes a first pair of output terminals 39 and to which HID lamp 40 is connected.
  • Auxiliary lamp 50 which can be but is not limited t incandescent type, is connected to a second pair of output terminals 45 and 48 of ballast Although auxiliary lamp 50 is shown connected to output terminals 45 and 48, it is to be understood that auxiliary lamp 50 can be disconnected from ballast 30 without adversely affecting operation of ballast 30.
  • Auxiliary lamp 50 serves to provide light when power is supplied by source 20 to ballast 30 and HID lamp 40 is not lit.
  • Ballast 30 further includes a power factor correction capacitor 53 connected in parallel with a discharge resistor 54. This parallel combination is connected one end to input terminal 36 and at its other end to output terminal 48.
  • a first main termi MT1 of a triac 56 (or other suitable switching device) is connected to one end of an indu 57. The other end of inductor 57 is connected to a junction joining together input terminal 33, output terminal 45, a ballast reactor 65 and a bypass capacitor 66.
  • a second main terminal MT2 of triac 56 is connected to a junction joining together capacitor 53, resistor and output terminal 48.
  • the serial combination of inductor 57 and triac 56 is connected in parallel with auxiliary lamp 50.
  • a gate G of triac 56 is connected through a switching controller 60 to tap point 73 of ballast reactor 65 in providing a switching signal for turning ON and OFF triac 56.
  • Switching controller 60 can be, but is not limited to, a resistor for limiting the current level of the switching signal supplied to gate G of triac 56.
  • the portion of ballast reactor 65 between input terminal 33 and tap point 73 will hereinafter be referred to as a winding portion 74.
  • the point at which ballast reactor 65 is tapped to switching controller 60 is chosen, in part, so as to minimize the power consumed by switching controller 60.
  • Capacitor 66 is also connected to gate G of triac 56. As described below, capacitor 66 serves to bypass/divert a certain type of switching signal.
  • Ballast reactor 65 which serves to limit/control the level of current flowing through lamp 40 when the latter is lit is also connected at a tap point 76 to one end of a SIDAC 89.
  • the other end of ballast reactor 65 is connected to output terminal 39 and to a capacitor 92.
  • the portion of ballast reactor 65 connected between tap point 76 and capacitor 92 is hereinafter referred to as an ignitor winding 79.
  • SIDAC 89 and capacitor 92 are also connected to one end of a resistor 95.
  • the other end of resistor 95 is connected to the junction joining together capacitor 53, resistor 54, input terminal 36 and output terminal 42. Ignitor winding 79, SIDAC 89, capacitor 92 and resistor 95 serve in combination as an ignitor (i.e., starting circuit) 80.
  • Lighting system 10 operates as follows. Power is supplied from A.C. source 20 to input terminals 33 and 36 of ballast 30.
  • the voltage produced by A.C. source 20 is insufficient to ignite/start lamp 40, the latter of which requires one or more supplemental starting pulses.
  • the one or more pulses are provided by ignitor 80. More particularly, capacitor 92 based on the RC time constant of capacitor 92 and resistor 95 charges to the breakover voltage of SIDAC 89. Once the breakover voltage is reached, SIDAC 89 switches from its previous off-state to its on-state. A rapid flow of current now passes through and results in a voltage pulse produced across ignitor windings 79. The voltage pulse can be sufficient to ignite lamp 40.
  • lamp 40 when lamp 40 is of a metal halide type, nominally rated at 400 watts, 135 volts with SIDAC 89 having a breakover voltage of about 240 volts, a voltage pulse of about 240 volts is developed across ignitor winding 79.
  • transformer action i.e. , ballast reactor 65 acting as an autotransformer
  • a voltage of about 1800 to 3500 volts is developed across output terminals 39, 42.
  • the cycle of charging capacitor 92 until reaching the SIDAC breakover voltage resulting in the generation of a high voltage pulse applied to lamp 40 is repeated until lamp 40 ignites/starts.
  • ignitor 80 will drop down to abo 135 volts, that is, below the SIDAC breakover voltage of 240 volts.
  • the voltage across ignitor 80 is now insufficient to produce a voltage pulse across ignitor winding 79. In othe words, as long as lamp 40 remains lit, ignitor 80 will produce no additional voltage pulses.
  • auxiliary lamp 50 Prior to and until lamp 40 reaches a predetermined level of illumination auxiliary lamp 50 is lit, (e.g. triac 56 is in its open state). Lamp 50 is nominally rated at about 120 volts and when lit is serially connected to capacitor 53 (i.e. triac 56 being turne OFF). Capacitor 53 serves to limit the flow of current through lamp 50.
  • ballast 65 When HID lamp is initially lit (i.e. reaches at least a predetermined lev of illumination), current flows through ballast 65.
  • the level of current flowing through lam 40 is controlled by ballast reactor 65.
  • a switching signal representing/reflecting the flow o current through at least a portion of ballast reactor 65 is produced at tap 73 of winding portion 74.
  • the switching signal is supplied to gate G by switching controller 60 whereby triac 56 is turned ON (i.e., provides an electrically conductive path therethrough).
  • a substantially short circuit formed by inductor 57 and triac 56 effectively turns OFF auxiliar lamp 50.
  • Inductor 57 serves to suppress high inrush currents which can damage triac 56.
  • Power factor correction capacitor 53 with triac 56 turned ON draws a relatively large level of capacitive current thereby improving the power factor of ballast 30 (referred to hereinaft as the power factor correction scheme).
  • the level of the switching signal produced by switch controller 60 will be insufficient to turn ON triac 56 or maintain triac 56 in its conductive state.
  • Triac 56 will now switch to its open/off state.
  • resist 54 provides a path for discharge of capacitor 53.
  • the impedances of capacitor 53 and lamp 50 are chosen such that whenever triac 56 is turned OFF sufficient current will flow throu lamp 50 to light the latter.
  • the power factor correction scheme when not being employed to offset the inductive component of current flowing through lam 40 (i.e. when triac 56 is turned OFF) results in less current being drawn from A.C. source 20 than may be otherwise drawn by a power factor correction scheme in which a capacitor always connected across A.C. source 20. Consequently, as compared to such conventional ballasts, a greater number of ballasts in accordance with the invention can be connected to branch utility power line.
  • switching controller 60 controls when the power factor correction scheme is employed by ballast 30 and when auxiliary lamp 50 is turned ON and OFF.
  • ballast configurations including a high reactance type autotransformer ballast can be used in lieu of ballast reactor 65.
  • Capacitor 53 should be placed across the mains voltage (i.e. connected between input terminals 33, 36) by turning triac 56 ON for power factor correction when lamp 40 is lit. When lamp 40 is not lit, capacitor 53 should be disconnected from the mains voltage by turning triac 56 OFF. Otherwise, current drawn by capacitor 53 can greatly exceed total line current thereby limiting the number of lamps which can operate on a given circuit breaker.
  • a series of voltage pulses at a frequency of about 120 Hz for about 2 to 3 seconds is typically developed across ignitor winding 79 of ignitor 80.
  • a series of voltage pulses induced across winding portion 74 of reactor ballast 65 results.
  • the induced voltage across winding portion 74 can result in a switching signal being produced by winding portion 74 sufficient to turn ON triac 56.
  • a switching signal formed from such induced voltage pulses can result in the false triggering of triac 56.
  • triac 56 is non-responsive to the switching signal prior to lamp ignition, that is, non-responsive to the switching signal which is based on the ignition pulses (i.e. , the switching signal produced during starting of lamp 40).
  • A.C. source 20 produces an A.C. voltage of about 277 volts.
  • Capacitor 53 is nominally rated at about 20 microfarads.
  • Auxiliary lamp 50 is nominally rated at about 250 watts, 120 volts and is of the quartz incandescent type.
  • Switching controller 60 is a resistor (or other suitable impedance) nominally rated at about 300 ohms, 5 4 watts.
  • Resistors 95 and 54 are nominally rated at 19,000 ohms, 7 watts and 470,000 ohms, ' ⁇ watt, respectively.
  • Ballast reactor 65 is a one and one-half El lamination, 400 watt metal halide reactor ballast having total turns of 468 with tap points 73 and 76 at about the 36th and 453th turn, respectively.
  • Triac 56 is nominally rated at 15 amps, 800 volts and is available from Teccor Inc. of Hurd, Texas as Part No. Q8015L5.
  • SIDAC 89 is available from Shindengen Electric Mfg. Co., Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan as Part No. K1V26 and has a nominally rated breakover voltage of about 24 volts.
  • Capacitor 92 is nominally rated at about 0.15 microfarads.
  • Lamp 40 is a high intensit discharge type, such as but not limited to, a 400 watt, 135 volt metal halide type.
  • Inductor 57 is nominally rated at .06 millihenries.
  • Capacitors 66 and 92 are nominally rated at 5.6 microfarads and 0.1 microfarads, respectively.
  • the invention provides an improved ballast scheme in which false triggering of triac 56 during the starting of lamp 40 is eliminated.
  • An optional auxiliary light source i.e. lamp 50
  • triac 56 in combination with inductor 57 substantially short circuits auxiliary lamp 50 whereby lamp 5 is effectively turned OFF.
  • the power factor of power drawn by ballast 30 is increased by substantially balancing the capacitive and inductive components of current drawn from A.C. source 20.
  • the gate current provided to gate G of triac 56 by switching controller 60 reflects/represent the flow of current through ballast reactor 65 and lamp 40.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ballast de lampe à décharge à haute intensité, pourvu d'un dispositif de correction du facteur de puissance. Un déclenchement intempestif du dispositif de correction du facteur de puissance se produisant lorsque l'on essaye d'allumer la lampe est pratiquement éliminé grâce à la présence d'un condensateur de dérivation (66) qui détourne un signal de déclenchement intempestif du dispositif de commutation. Le ballast présenté comprend également une source lumineuse auxiliaire, optionnelle, assurant l'éclairage lorsque la lampe à décharge à haute intensité n'est pas allumée. Etant donné qu'un signal de déclenchement intempestif est détourné du dispositif de commutation, la source lumineuse auxiliaire est pratiquement exempte de tremblotements et/ou n'est pratiquement jamais mise hors tension avant l'amorçage de la lampe à décharge à haute intensité.
PCT/IB1995/000574 1994-07-29 1995-07-20 Ballast de lampe a decharge a haute intensite WO1996004770A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95924478A EP0721730A1 (fr) 1994-07-29 1995-07-20 Ballast de lampe a decharge a haute intensite
JP8506355A JPH09503342A (ja) 1994-07-29 1995-07-20 高強度放電ランプ安定器

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28323594A 1994-07-29 1994-07-29
US08/283,235 1994-07-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996004770A1 true WO1996004770A1 (fr) 1996-02-15

Family

ID=23085135

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB1995/000574 WO1996004770A1 (fr) 1994-07-29 1995-07-20 Ballast de lampe a decharge a haute intensite

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0721730A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09503342A (fr)
WO (1) WO1996004770A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7982405B2 (en) 2005-03-22 2011-07-19 Lightech Electronic Industries Ltd. Igniter circuit for an HID lamp

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2425720B2 (de) * 1974-05-28 1976-04-08 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Schaltungsanordnung zum zuenden und betrieb von gasentladungslampen
US4458181A (en) * 1981-08-06 1984-07-03 Cooper Industries, Inc. Lead-type ballast apparatus with improved power factor for operating a high-intensity-discharge sodium lamp
US4574223A (en) * 1984-01-12 1986-03-04 Hid Systems, Inc. Fast warmup ballast for HID lamps
US5256946A (en) * 1992-03-24 1993-10-26 North American Philips Corporation Gaseous discharge lamp system with auxiliary lamp
US5430354A (en) * 1992-03-24 1995-07-04 North American Philips Corporation HID lamp and auxiliary lamp ballast using a single multiple function switch

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2425720B2 (de) * 1974-05-28 1976-04-08 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Schaltungsanordnung zum zuenden und betrieb von gasentladungslampen
US4458181A (en) * 1981-08-06 1984-07-03 Cooper Industries, Inc. Lead-type ballast apparatus with improved power factor for operating a high-intensity-discharge sodium lamp
US4574223A (en) * 1984-01-12 1986-03-04 Hid Systems, Inc. Fast warmup ballast for HID lamps
US5256946A (en) * 1992-03-24 1993-10-26 North American Philips Corporation Gaseous discharge lamp system with auxiliary lamp
US5430354A (en) * 1992-03-24 1995-07-04 North American Philips Corporation HID lamp and auxiliary lamp ballast using a single multiple function switch

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7982405B2 (en) 2005-03-22 2011-07-19 Lightech Electronic Industries Ltd. Igniter circuit for an HID lamp

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0721730A1 (fr) 1996-07-17
JPH09503342A (ja) 1997-03-31

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