WO1996002205A1 - Orthodontics apparatus for the maxillary expansion - Google Patents
Orthodontics apparatus for the maxillary expansion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996002205A1 WO1996002205A1 PCT/CH1995/000139 CH9500139W WO9602205A1 WO 1996002205 A1 WO1996002205 A1 WO 1996002205A1 CH 9500139 W CH9500139 W CH 9500139W WO 9602205 A1 WO9602205 A1 WO 9602205A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- teeth
- maxilla
- expansion
- axis
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 210000002050 maxilla Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010061274 Malocclusion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004373 mandible Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000515 tooth Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
- A61C7/10—Devices having means to apply outwardly directed force, e.g. expanders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an orthodontic appliance for the expansion of the maxilla.
- expansion devices make it possible to apply forces to the teeth to be treated and / or the two lateral parts of the jawbone.
- These devices used until now, when used with the aim of obtaining as much as possible a skeletal effect, are designed in such a way that they deliver intermittent forces, either by means of compressed springs whose force has a high initial intensity which decreases very quickly significantly and which must be reactivated periodically by turning a nut (Minne
- Expander, Ormco either directly through the constraint imposed when activating a nut.
- Said devices deliver a large force and can therefore only be used fixed on the teeth permanently for several weeks or months, which hinders the maintenance of good dental hygiene.
- the object of the present invention is to propose an orthodontic appliance for the expansion of the maxilla which makes it possible to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the orthodontic appliance for the expansion of the maxilla according to the invention is characterized by the characteristic clause of claim 1.
- the forces used to cause lateral displacement of the teeth and / or of the two lateral parts of the maxilla can be light and continuous, with very little variation in the field of action necessary for this type of treatment, thanks to the use of so-called superelastic shape memory alloys. Said superiastic alloys retain throughout the treatment a great stability of the intensity of the force which thus remains close to the ideal force without any reactivation being necessary.
- the self-locking device ensures spontaneous and precise stopping of the movement when the required amount of expansion which has been defined before the installation of the device is reached. No intervention by the practitioner is required.
- Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the metal tube which forms the female part of the device.
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of the metal axis forming the male part of the device.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view which shows in more detail part of the metal axis presented in FIG. 2.
- Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view which shows in detail the self-locking part of the device.
- Figure 5 is a perspective view which shows the entire device when the spring is almost fully compressed.
- Figure 6 shows the entire device when the spring is only partially compressed.
- FIG. 1 we have shown the female part of the device, that is to say a metallic cylindrical tube 11 which shows a longitudinally machined notch 12 whose end part has a lateral recess 13.
- the metal tube 11 extends to a end by a retention bar 14 perpendicular thereto which can be welded to orthodontic rings or embedded in resin or in a heat-deformable material.
- Figure 2 we have shown the male part of the device, that is to say a metallic cylindrical axis 21 which shows contiguous lodges 22 machined perpendicular to the axis at about each millimeter. This axis 21 is extended at one end by a retention bar 23, in the same way as for the female part in FIG. 1.
- FIG 3 we have shown in more detail the end of the metal axis of Figure 2.
- the boxes 31 are conical and machined perpendicular to the axis.
- a conical metal pin 32 is inserted, then locked by simple friction.
- the widest end of the pine protrudes from the surface of the metal shaft.
- the metal pin 41 provided with perpendicular machined lodges 42 is inserted into the metal tube 43 which has a longitudinal notch 44.
- the metal pin 45 which is inserted in one of the lodges 42 protrudes from the surface of the metal axis 41 and stops at the location of the lateral recess of the notch of the tube 46.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
Fixed or removable orthodontics apparatus for the dental and/or skeletal expansion of the maxillary comprising a device including a cylindrical metal tube or the like wherein slides, in the horizontal plane and with a negligible friction, a cylindrical metal shaft having a small diameter. Said tube and shaft have smooth surfaces and are each terminated by a retaining prolongation which may be welded to orthodontics braces sealed to selected rear teeth or embedded in resin or in a thermosettable material used for anchoring onto the selected rear teeth. The device comprised of a tube and a shaft is intended to be surrounded by a coil spring with spaced turns which is initially compressed between the two retaining extremities and which delivers a continuous force causing a lateral displacement of the teeth and/or of the two lateral parts of the maxillary. A self-blocking device, designed in such a way as to define with precision and for each case the amount of displacement which should take place, stops automatically the separation motion of the metal shaft with respect to the metal tube generated by the thrust of the spring, and consequently stops the displacement of the teeth and/or the side portions of the maxillary.
Description
Appareil orthodontiαue pour l'expansion du maxillaireOrthodontic appliance for maxilla expansion
La présente invention concerne un appareil orthodontique pour l'expansion du maxillaire.The present invention relates to an orthodontic appliance for the expansion of the maxilla.
Il est connu en orthodontie, c'est-à-dire la partie de la médecine dentaire qui traite les malpositions des dents, du maxillaire et de la mandibule et qui a pour but de les placer en position d'harmonie esthétique et fonctionnelle.It is known in orthodontics, that is to say the part of dentistry which treats malpositions of the teeth, maxilla and mandible and which aims to place them in a position of aesthetic and functional harmony.
L'utilisation des appareils d'expansion permettent d'appliquer sur les dents à traiter et/ou les deux parties latérales du maxillaire des forces les éloignant. Ces appareils utilisés jusqu'à maintenant, lorsqu'ils sont utilisés dans le but d'obtenir autant que possible un effet squelettique, sont conçus de telle façon qu'ils délivrent des forces intermittentes, soit par l'intermédiaire de ressorts comprimés dont la force a une intensité initiale élevée qui diminue très rapidement de façon importante et que l'on doit obligatoirement réactiver périodiquement en tournant un écrou (MinneThe use of expansion devices makes it possible to apply forces to the teeth to be treated and / or the two lateral parts of the jawbone. These devices used until now, when used with the aim of obtaining as much as possible a skeletal effect, are designed in such a way that they deliver intermittent forces, either by means of compressed springs whose force has a high initial intensity which decreases very quickly significantly and which must be reactivated periodically by turning a nut (Minne
Expander, Ormco), soit directement par l'intermédiaire de la contrainte imposée lors de l'activation d'un écrou.Expander, Ormco), either directly through the constraint imposed when activating a nut.
Ainsi, plusieurs réactivations sont nécessaires pour terminer la correction de la malocclusion. Puisque la force ne cesse pas automatiquement, le progrès de déplacement des dents et/ou des deux parties latérales du maxillaire doit être contrôlé fréquemment et à intervalles réguliers, faute de quoi il ne pourra pas être stoppé au moment idéal.Thus, several reactivations are necessary to complete the correction of the malocclusion. Since the force does not stop automatically, the progress of movement of the teeth and / or the two lateral parts of the maxilla must be checked frequently and at regular intervals, failing which it cannot be stopped at the ideal moment.
Lesdits appareils délivrent une force importante et ne peuvent par conséquent être utilisés que fixés sur les dents de façon permanente pendant plusieurs semaines ou plusieurs mois, ce qui entrave le maintien d'une bonne hygiène dentaire.Said devices deliver a large force and can therefore only be used fixed on the teeth permanently for several weeks or months, which hinders the maintenance of good dental hygiene.
La présente invention a pour but de proposer un appareil orthodontique pour l'expansion du maxillaire permettant de pallier les inconvénients précités.The object of the present invention is to propose an orthodontic appliance for the expansion of the maxilla which makes it possible to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
L'appareil orthodontique pour l'expansion du maxillaire selon l'invention est caractérisé par la clause caractéristique de la revendication 1.The orthodontic appliance for the expansion of the maxilla according to the invention is characterized by the characteristic clause of claim 1.
Les avantages de cet appareil sont les suivants:The advantages of this device are:
Les forces utilisées pour provoquer le déplacement latéral des dents et/ou des deux parties latérales du maxillaire peuvent être légères et continues, avec très peu de variations dans le champ d'action nécessaire pour ce type de traitement, grâce à
l'utilisation d'alliages dits superélastiques à mémoire de forme. Lesdits alliages superéiastiques conservent tout au long du traitement une grande stabilité de l'intensité de la force qui reste ainsi proche de la force idéale sans qu'aucune réactivation ne soit nécessaire.The forces used to cause lateral displacement of the teeth and / or of the two lateral parts of the maxilla can be light and continuous, with very little variation in the field of action necessary for this type of treatment, thanks to the use of so-called superelastic shape memory alloys. Said superiastic alloys retain throughout the treatment a great stability of the intensity of the force which thus remains close to the ideal force without any reactivation being necessary.
Le dispositif auto-blocant assure l'arrêt spontané et précis du mouvement lorsque la quantité d'expansion nécessaire qui a été définie avant la pose de l'appareil est atteinte. Aucune intervention de la part du praticien n'est requise.The self-locking device ensures spontaneous and precise stopping of the movement when the required amount of expansion which has been defined before the installation of the device is reached. No intervention by the practitioner is required.
Les deux avantages décrits précédemment nous permettent d'obtenir une correction complète de la dimension transversale au niveau maxillaire sans nécessiter de collaboration de la part du patient.The two advantages described above allow us to obtain a complete correction of the transverse dimension at the maxillary level without requiring collaboration on the part of the patient.
La figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective présentant le tube métallique qui forme la partie femelle du dispositif.Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the metal tube which forms the female part of the device.
La figure 2 est une vue en perspective de l'axe métallique formant la partie mâle du dispositif.Figure 2 is a perspective view of the metal axis forming the male part of the device.
La figure 3 est une vue en perspective qui montre plus en détail une partie de l'axe métallique présenté dans la figure 2.FIG. 3 is a perspective view which shows in more detail part of the metal axis presented in FIG. 2.
La figure 4 est une vue schématique en perspective qui montre en détail la partie autoblocante du dispositif.Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view which shows in detail the self-locking part of the device.
La figure 5 est une vue en perspective qui montre l'ensemble du dispositif lorsque le ressort est presque totalement comprimé.Figure 5 is a perspective view which shows the entire device when the spring is almost fully compressed.
La figure 6 montre l'ensemble du dispositif lorsque le ressort n'est plus que partiellement comprimé.Figure 6 shows the entire device when the spring is only partially compressed.
A la figure 1 nous avons représenté la partie femelle du dispositif, c'est-à-dire un tube cylindrique métallique 11 qui montre une encoche usinée longitudinalement 12 dont la partie terminale présente un décrochement latéral 13. Le tube métallique 11 se prolonge à une extrémité par une barre de rétention 14 perpendiculaire à celui-ci qui peut être soudée à des bagues orthodontiques ou noyée dans de la résine ou dans un matériau thermodéformable.
A la figure 2 nous avons représenté la partie mâle du dispositif, c'est-à-dire un axe cylindrique métallique 21 qui montre des loges contiguës 22 usinées perpendiculairement à l'axe à environ chaque millimètre. Cet axe 21 se prolonge à une extrémité par une barre de rétention 23, de la même façon que pour la partie femelle dans la figure 1.In Figure 1 we have shown the female part of the device, that is to say a metallic cylindrical tube 11 which shows a longitudinally machined notch 12 whose end part has a lateral recess 13. The metal tube 11 extends to a end by a retention bar 14 perpendicular thereto which can be welded to orthodontic rings or embedded in resin or in a heat-deformable material. In Figure 2 we have shown the male part of the device, that is to say a metallic cylindrical axis 21 which shows contiguous lodges 22 machined perpendicular to the axis at about each millimeter. This axis 21 is extended at one end by a retention bar 23, in the same way as for the female part in FIG. 1.
A la figure 3 nous avons représenté plus en détail l'extrémité de l'axe métallique de la figure 2. Les loges 31 sont coniques et usinées perpendiculairement à l'axe. Dans une de ces loges, un pin métallique conique 32 est inséré, puis bloqué par simple friction. L'extrémité la plus large du pin dépasse de la surface de l'axe métallique.In Figure 3 we have shown in more detail the end of the metal axis of Figure 2. The boxes 31 are conical and machined perpendicular to the axis. In one of these boxes, a conical metal pin 32 is inserted, then locked by simple friction. The widest end of the pine protrudes from the surface of the metal shaft.
A la figure 4, nous avons représenté en détail le dispositif autoblocant. L'axe métallique 41 muni de loges usinées perpendiculairement 42 est inséré dans le tube métallique 43 qui présente une encoche longitudinale 44. Le pin métallique 45 qui est inséré dans une des loges 42 dépasse de la surface de l'axe métallique 41 et bute à l'endroit du décrochement latéral de l'encoche du tube 46.In Figure 4, we have shown in detail the self-locking device. The metal pin 41 provided with perpendicular machined lodges 42 is inserted into the metal tube 43 which has a longitudinal notch 44. The metal pin 45 which is inserted in one of the lodges 42 protrudes from the surface of the metal axis 41 and stops at the location of the lateral recess of the notch of the tube 46.
A la figure 5 , nous avons représenté l'ensemble du dispositif lorsque le ressort 51 est presque totalement comprimé. Le pin 52 a été inséré dans une des loges 53 afin de stopper le mouvement dès que la quantité de déplacement souhaitée est obtenue.In Figure 5, we have shown the entire device when the spring 51 is almost completely compressed. The pin 52 has been inserted into one of the lodges 53 in order to stop the movement as soon as the desired amount of displacement is obtained.
A la figure 6, nous avons représenté l'ensemble du dispositif lorsque le ressort 61 n'est plus que partiellement comprimé. Sous l'effet de la poussée du ressort, l'axe métallique 62 coulisse vers l'extérieur du tube métallique 63 et le pin 64 se rapproche progressivement du décrochement latéral 65 de l'encoche 66 usinée dans le tube 63.
In Figure 6, we have shown the entire device when the spring 61 is only partially compressed. Under the effect of the spring thrust, the metal axis 62 slides towards the outside of the metal tube 63 and the pin 64 progressively approaches the lateral recess 65 of the notch 66 machined in the tube 63.
Claims
1. Appareil orthodontique fixe ou amovible pour l'expansion dentaire et/ou squelettique du maxillaire, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend un dispositif formé d'un tube métallique cylindrique -ou autre- dans lequel coulisse, dans le plan horizontal et avec une friction négligeable, un axe métallique cylindrique de diamètre inférieur. Lesdits tube et axe présentent des surfaces lisses et se terminent chacun par une prolongation rétentive pouvant être soudée à des bagues orthodontiques scellées sur des dents postérieures choisies ou noyées dans de la résine ou dans un matériau thermodéformable qui servira à prendre ancrage sur les dents postérieures choisies.1. Fixed or removable orthodontic appliance for dental and / or skeletal expansion of the maxilla, characterized in that it comprises a device formed by a cylindrical metal tube - or other - in which slides, in the horizontal plane and with negligible friction, a cylindrical metallic axis of smaller diameter. Said tube and axis have smooth surfaces and each end with a retentive extension which can be welded to orthodontic rings sealed on selected posterior teeth or embedded in resin or in a thermo-deformable material which will serve to anchor on the chosen posterior teeth. .
Le dispositif formé d'un tube et d'un axe est destiné à être entouré par un ressort à spires espacées (en anglais: push-coil) qui est initialement comprimé entre les deux extrémités rétentives et qui délivre une force continue en provoquant un déplacement latéral des dents et/ou des deux parties latérales du maxillaire. Un dispositif auto-blocant, conçu de telle façon qu'il est possible de définir précisément pour chaque cas la quantité de déplacement qui devra être réalisée, stoppe automatiquement le mouvement d'éloignement de l'axe métallique par rapport au tube métallique qui se crée sous l'effet de la poussée du ressort, ce qui a pour résultat d'arrêter le déplacement des dents et/ou des parties latérales du maxillaire.The device formed by a tube and an axis is intended to be surrounded by a spring with spaced turns (in English: push-coil) which is initially compressed between the two retentive ends and which delivers a continuous force by causing a displacement lateral of the teeth and / or of the two lateral parts of the maxilla. A self-locking device, designed in such a way that it is possible to define precisely for each case the amount of displacement which must be carried out, automatically stops the movement away from the metal axis relative to the metal tube which is created under the effect of the spring thrust, which results in stopping the movement of the teeth and / or the lateral parts of the maxilla.
2. Appareil orthodontique fixe ou amovible pour l'expansion dentaire et/ou squelettique du maxillaire, selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le ressort délivrant une force continue peut être formé d'un alliage dit superélastique qui peut délivrer une force légère et dont la mémoire de forme peut ou non s'exprimer à une température proche de la température intraorale.2. Fixed or removable orthodontic appliance for dental and / or skeletal expansion of the maxilla, according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring delivering a continuous force can be formed of a so-called superelastic alloy which can deliver a light force and whose shape memory may or may not be expressed at a temperature close to the intraoral temperature.
Tout ressort délivrant une force continue et/ou constante peut être utilisé.Any spring delivering continuous and / or constant force can be used.
3. Appareil orthodontique pour l'expansion dentaire et/ou squelettique du maxillaire, selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif auto-blocant se compose de plusieurs loges usinées verticalement et à environ chaque millimètre le long de l'axe. Lesdites loges sont soit de forme conique, pour permettre d'y insérer et bloquer des pins métalliques coniques et lisses par simple friction, soit taraudées, pour permettre d'y visser des pins métalliques munis d'un pas-de-vis. Lesdits pins, lorsqu'ils sont insérés fermement dans les loges, doivent être suffisamment longs pour que leur extrémité libre dépasse de la surface de l'axe et vienne buter en fin de course contre l'encoche usinée dans le tube, afin de bloquer le mouvement d'expansion à la distance (quantité d'expansion) définie, sans interférer avec l'activité du ressort ou autre système de force. D'autres systèmes auto-blocants remplissant les mêmes fonctions que celui décrit ici peuvent être utilisés.3. Orthodontic appliance for dental and / or skeletal expansion of the maxilla, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the self-locking device consists of several lodges machined vertically and approximately every millimeter along the axis. Said lodges are either conical, to allow insertion and block of conical and smooth metal pins by simple friction, or tapped, to allow screwing metal pins provided with a thread. Said pins, when inserted firmly into the boxes, must be long enough so that their free end protrudes from the surface of the axis and comes to abut at the end of the race against the notch machined in the tube, in order to block the expansion movement at the defined distance (amount of expansion), without interfering with the activity of the spring or other force system. Other self-locking systems fulfilling the same functions as that described here can be used.
4. Appareil orthodontique pour l'expansion dentaire et/ou squelettique du maxillaire, selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'encoche usinée dans le tube métallique commence dans le sens longitudinal à son extrémité libre, puis dessine un décrochement latéral perpendiculaire à cette première partie, pour se poursuivre de nouveau dans le sens longitudinal en direction de l'extrémité rétentive du tube et s'arrêter à une certaine distance de cette dernière.4. Orthodontic appliance for dental and / or skeletal expansion of the maxilla, according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the notch machined in the metal tube begins in the longitudinal direction at its free end, then draws a step lateral perpendicular to this first part, to continue again in the longitudinal direction towards the retentive end of the tube and stop at a certain distance from the latter.
5. Appareil orthodontique pour l'expansion dentaire et/ou squelettique du maxillaire, selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'il peut être conçu pour être utilisé de façon amovible, même lorsqu'on souhaite réaliser une expansion squelettique du maxillaire. A cet effet, les extensions qui servent à l'ancrage de l'appareil et qui englobent les extrémités rétentives du squelette métallique peuvent être confectionnées à l'aide d'un matériau thermodéformable -ou autre- dont les bords se prolongent au-delà de l'équateur des dents servant d'appui. 5. Orthodontic appliance for dental and / or skeletal expansion of the maxilla, according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it can be designed to be used removably, even when it is desired to achieve skeletal expansion of the maxillary. For this purpose, the extensions which serve to anchor the device and which include the retentive ends of the metal skeleton can be made using a heat-deformable material - or other - whose edges extend beyond the equator of the teeth serving as support.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU26096/95A AU2609695A (en) | 1994-07-13 | 1995-06-21 | Orthodontics apparatus for the maxillary expansion |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH2228/94-9 | 1994-07-13 | ||
| CH222894 | 1994-07-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996002205A1 true WO1996002205A1 (en) | 1996-02-01 |
Family
ID=4228867
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CH1995/000139 WO1996002205A1 (en) | 1994-07-13 | 1995-06-21 | Orthodontics apparatus for the maxillary expansion |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2609695A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996002205A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1403869A (en) * | 1964-05-15 | 1965-06-25 | Improvements made to dental retractors | |
| FR1409771A (en) * | 1964-06-25 | 1965-09-03 | double square guided retractor | |
| DE1566260A1 (en) * | 1967-12-20 | 1970-08-13 | Eugenio Rossi | Dental compression spring attachment |
| US5167500A (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1992-12-01 | Gac International, Inc. | Orthodontic appliance |
-
1995
- 1995-06-21 AU AU26096/95A patent/AU2609695A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-06-21 WO PCT/CH1995/000139 patent/WO1996002205A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1403869A (en) * | 1964-05-15 | 1965-06-25 | Improvements made to dental retractors | |
| FR1409771A (en) * | 1964-06-25 | 1965-09-03 | double square guided retractor | |
| DE1566260A1 (en) * | 1967-12-20 | 1970-08-13 | Eugenio Rossi | Dental compression spring attachment |
| US5167500A (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1992-12-01 | Gac International, Inc. | Orthodontic appliance |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2609695A (en) | 1996-02-16 |
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