WO1996000394A1 - Procede de preparation de particules magnetiques utilisees pour realiser des analyses biologiques - Google Patents
Procede de preparation de particules magnetiques utilisees pour realiser des analyses biologiques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996000394A1 WO1996000394A1 PCT/IB1995/000502 IB9500502W WO9600394A1 WO 1996000394 A1 WO1996000394 A1 WO 1996000394A1 IB 9500502 W IB9500502 W IB 9500502W WO 9600394 A1 WO9600394 A1 WO 9600394A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- glutaraldehyde
- antibody
- particles
- excess
- paramagnetic particle
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007825 activation reagent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000984 immunochemical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 15
- 102000011022 Chorionic Gonadotropin Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 108010062540 Chorionic Gonadotropin Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 229940084986 human chorionic gonadotropin Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 8
- 102000011923 Thyrotropin Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108010061174 Thyrotropin Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102000007066 Prostate-Specific Antigen Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010072866 Prostate-Specific Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- -1 silane amine Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 102000009151 Luteinizing Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010073521 Luteinizing Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000013529 alpha-Fetoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010026331 alpha-Fetoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007974 sodium acetate buffer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241001635598 Enicostema Species 0.000 description 4
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010027626 Milia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940040129 luteinizing hormone Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- RXNXLAHQOVLMIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 10-methylacridin-10-ium-9-carboxylate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2[N+](C)=C2C=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RXNXLAHQOVLMIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012064 sodium phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000006771 Gonadotropins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010086677 Gonadotropins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000827785 Homo sapiens Alpha-fetoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000848653 Homo sapiens Tripartite motif-containing protein 26 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005829 chemical entities Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004407 chorionic gonadotrophin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002622 gonadotropin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008642 heat stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000046101 human AFP Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000003018 immunoassay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54313—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being characterised by its particulate form
- G01N33/54326—Magnetic particles
- G01N33/5434—Magnetic particles using magnetic particle immunoreagent carriers which constitute new materials per se
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2446/00—Magnetic particle immunoreagent carriers
- G01N2446/80—Magnetic particle immunoreagent carriers characterised by the agent used to coat the magnetic particles, e.g. lipids
- G01N2446/90—Magnetic particle immunoreagent carriers characterised by the agent used to coat the magnetic particles, e.g. lipids characterised by small molecule linker used to couple immunoreagents to magnetic particles
Definitions
- Magnetic particles have been used as a tool for separation in biological systems for over twenty years (Robinson PJ et al. in Biotech. Bioengng 15:603-606,1973). Their use in immunoassays has been known for over ten years.
- the early work by Whitehead et al (U.S. Patents 4,554,088, 4,695,393 and others) described a technique for preparation of the particles which utilized silane amine as the coating material and immobilized biological materials such as antibody on the coated particles.
- the current technique used for immobilization as recommended by the current supplier of silanized particles involves activating the magnetic particles with glutaraldehyde, using 2 milligrams of glutaraldehyde per milligram of particles, allowing the reaction to proceed for 3 hours. Following this, the glutaraldehyde activated particles are mixed with antibody for 16 to 24 hours. (See Advanced Magnetics Product Manual, 1993-1994.) Summary of the Invention
- the new process involves the use of much lower concentration of glutaraldehyde (approximately ten times less) , and surprisingly requires much less time, than was used previously to activate the particles.
- the benefits of the novel process are: (1) It is a more efficient method of removing the excessive glutaraldehyde from the reaction system, and it eliminates the quenching step after antibody immobilization. (2) The activation process can be completed in a much shorter time than in the past, even though there is a significant reduction in glutaraldehdye concentration, which allows for the antibody immobilization step to be completed within one working day instead of two. (3) The resulting particles give 15 to 74% improvement of the sensitivity, which is observed in some immunochemical assays.
- Figure 1 shows Glutaraldehyde Optimization, in terms of RLU bound to reflect the binding capacity of the finished particles as a function of glutaraldehyde concentration, which is expressed in terms of mg glutaraldehyde/mg PMP.
- Figure 2 shows Kinetics of Mouse IgG Uptake by PMP, in terms of % mouse IgG uptake as a function of incubation time, in minutes.
- Figure 3 shows Standard Curves for HCG generated on the ACS:180 ® instrument, in terms of RLU bound as a function of HCG concentration, which is expressed in terms of milli-International Units/ml.
- Figure 4 shows Standard Curves for AFP generated on the ACS:180 ® instrument, in terms of RLU bound as a function of AFP concentration, which is expressed in terms of ng AFP/ml.
- Figure 5 shows Standard Curves for PSA generated on the ACS:180 ® instrument, in terms of RLU bound as a function of PSA.concentration, which is expressed in units of ng PSA/ml.
- Figure 6 shows Standard Curves for TSH generated on the ACS:180 ® instrument, in terms of RLU bound as a function of TSH concentration, which is expressed in units of micro-International Units of TSH/ml .
- Figure 7 shows Standard Curves of LH generated on the ACS:180 ® instrument, in terms of RLU bound as a function of LH concentration, which is expressed in units of milli- International Units of LH/ml.
- Magnetic particles have a number of uses in biological processes. Among these are the use of magnetic particles for the separation of biological components (i.e., a preparation function) . In addition, they are also used for analytical purposes. One of the analytical applications in which these particles are used is the immunochemistry area, where antibodies are attached to the magnetic particles. These antibodies are then reacted with an analyte of interest, and the application of a magnetic field will permit the separation of the analyte which has become attached to the magnetic particle.
- a second antibody to a different epitope of the the analyte may have attached to it a label (e.g., acridinium ester) which can be detected by some analytical means (e.g., detection of luminescense) .
- a label e.g., acridinium ester
- some analytical means e.g., detection of luminescense
- the immunochemical assays that are described herein can be conducted either manually or on an automated instrument, for example those instruments manufactured by Ciba Corning Diagnostics Corp. of Medfield, MA (e.g., the ACS:180 ® analyzer, which is an automated chemiluminescent immunochemical analyzer) .
- Those assays run on the Ciba Corning instruments are generally based on the use of a chemiluminescent label, namely an acridinium ester-labeled antibody.
- the magnetic particles which have been used in the biological process area have generally been those which have been coated with silane amine to enable the attachment of chemical entities to the surface.
- Whitehead et al U.S. Patent No. 4,695,393 describes such a process for preparation of the silane amine-coated magnetic particle (also referred to as paramagnetic particles or PMP) .
- PMP paramagnetic particles
- variations of the Whitehead technology are well-known by those with skill in the art.
- particles made out of glass or polymeric materials, and which have magnetic cores have also been utilized for the same purpose. See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 3,652,761 (Weetall) , 3,933,997 (Hersh et al) and literature from Bang Laboratories.
- the first layer is "coated” on the particle itself, and a coating material used herein was silane amine.
- the second layer is described as an “activation step”, and an activating material used herein was glutaraldehyde.
- the third layer is "immobilized” on the particle, and one material immobilized herein was an antibody. This terminology is used herein.
- a procedure for attaching the antibody or other molecule that will permit attachment to the target molecule is undertaken.
- Various procedures are utilized for this purpose.
- a procedure recommended by a manufacturer of magnetic particles includes the reaction of the magnetic particles with a 5% glutaraldehyde solution for 3 hours, removal of excess glutaraldehyde, reaction with the protein to be attached for 16 - 24 hours, followed by removal of excess protein. (See literature from Advanced Magnetics Inc.) This technique is typical of the coating procedures currently utilized. It has been unexpectedly found that the activating process can be significantly improved.
- the concentration of glutaraldehyde used until the instant invention was in the range of approximately 1.25 mg to 2.0 mg of glutaraldehyde per milligram of magnetic particle.
- the amount of reactive amine per unit of weight of the particle was never a factor until it was determined herein to have been overused in the past. Even at the low concentration of glutaraldehyde used herein (0.2mg/mg magnetic particle) , glutaraldehyde was still about 50 to 100 times excess over the amount of reactive amines on the magnetic particle.
- the reduction in the activation time of glutaraldehyde was found to have a significant effect on the time required to complete the antibody immobilization process, thus allowing the process to be completed within a normal working day.
- Coupling of glutaraldehyde to magnetic particles was found to be complete in approximately 1 hour.
- Reasonably good performance was found when the glutaraldehyde coupling took place for between 30 and 90 minutes, with optimum performance being found at 1 hour.
- uptake of the antibody molecule was found to be extremely fast (approximately 10 minutes) , while the subsequent bonding of the protein to the glutaraldehyde was found to be completed in approximately 6 hours.
- An added advantage of the novel immobilization process is the improved sensitivity of the resulting particles used in some immunochemical assays, as shown in Table 1. .
- the test tube was covered with two layers of parafilm and placed on a rotary shaker and mixed at 200 rpm for one hour at room temperature. At the end of one hour, PMP were magnetically separated and supernatant was removed. The PMP was washed five times with 0.5 ml 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.5, each time. An antibody solution of purified monoclonal mouse anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin was prepared at 3.8 mg per ml concentration and 0.5 ml of the solution was added to the glutaraldehyde-activated PMP particles. PMP were mixed continuously for six hours at room temperature the same way as before. At the end of sixth hour, PMP were magnetically separated and supernatant was removed.
- the PMP were then serially washed in 0.5 ml of each of the following wash solutions: 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.5, 1 M NaCl, and 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4.
- PMP were resuspended in 2 ml of a "heat stress buffer" (usually 1.7% of BSA in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.5) and transferred to a 15-ml polystyrene centrifugal tube with a screw-on cap.
- the PMP was heat stressed at 50 C for 14-16 hours.
- the PMP was magnetically separated and the supernatant was removed.
- the PMP was washed twice with 2ml each time of the "TSH buffer " ( 0.1% BSA, 0.001% BGG in 10 mM Phosphate Buffered Saline pH 7.4 ) .
- the final PMP were resuspended and stored in 1 ml of solid phase buffer, which contains BSA, BGG, normal mouse serum, normal sheep serum and antibiotics .
- Both test lot and manufacturer (reference) lot solid phases were diluted to the same working concentration in the solid phase buffer.
- Both solid phase reagents were run for binding performance on an ACS:180 ® analyzer. The result of standard curves of ACSTM HCG produced by the test and reference solid phases is shown in Fig.3. There is no significant difference between the two standard curves.
- Solid phase was prepared by the same protocol as in ACSTM HCG except the antibody offered was monoclonal mouse anti- human alpha feto-protein, and the antibody loading was 2 mg per 10 mg of PMP .
- the binding result between test and reference is shown in Figure 4.
- Example 3 Preparation of Particles for ACSTM PSA (prostate specific antigen) assay Solid phase was prepared by the same protocol except the antibody offered was monoclonal mouse anti-human prostate-specific antigen and the antibody loading was 1.2 mg per 10 mg of PMP. The binding result of the test lot and the reference lot is shown in Figure 5.
- Solid phase was prepared by the same protocol except the antibody offered was affinity purified sheep anti-human thyroid stimulating hormone and the antibody loading was 1.6 mg per 10 mg of PMP. The result is shown in Figure 6.
- Solid phase was prepared by the same, protocol except the antibody offered was monoclonal mouse anti-human luteinizing hormone and the antibody loading was 2.0 mg per 10 mg of PMP. The result is shown in Figure 7.
- solid phase antibody made by the new protocol is either equal to or better than the solid phase made by the corresponding reference protocol in terms of binding characteristics.
- the new protocol is far better than the reference protocol in terms of simplicity and time saved.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un procédé amélioré permettant de préparer des particules magnétiques, recouvertes d'anticorps, qui sont utilisées pour effectuer la séparation de composants biologiques. Le nouveau procédé implique l'utilisation de glutaraldéhyde à des concentrations bien plus basses (approximativement 10 fois plus basses), et demande, ce qui est surprenant, beaucoup moins de temps, si l'on compare avec les procédés d'activation de particules. Ce nouveau procédé offre les avantages suivants: (1) il permet une élimination plus efficace du glutaraldéhyde en excédent dans le système de réaction, et, selon ce procédé, il n'est plus nécessaire de procéder à l'étape de trempe après l'utilisation des anticorps; (2) le procédé d'activation peut être réalisé bien plus rapidement que dans le passé, malgré une réduction importante de la concentration en glutaraldéhyde, ce qui permet de réaliser l'étape d'immobilisation des anticorps en un jour au lieu de deux; (3) les particules obtenues présentent une amélioration de 15 à 74 % de leur sensibilité, ce qui peut être observé dans certains dosages immunochimiques.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU25736/95A AU2573695A (en) | 1994-06-23 | 1995-06-21 | Process for the preparation of magnetic particles used in biological analyses |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26440194A | 1994-06-23 | 1994-06-23 | |
| US08/264,401 | 1994-06-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996000394A1 true WO1996000394A1 (fr) | 1996-01-04 |
| WO1996000394B1 WO1996000394B1 (fr) | 1996-01-25 |
Family
ID=23005913
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB1995/000502 WO1996000394A1 (fr) | 1994-06-23 | 1995-06-21 | Procede de preparation de particules magnetiques utilisees pour realiser des analyses biologiques |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2573695A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1996000394A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5948538A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 1999-09-07 | Saint-Gobain Village | Glazing assembly comprising a substrate provided with a stack of thin layers for solar protection and/or thermal insulation |
| EP1013622A1 (fr) | 1998-12-21 | 2000-06-28 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Substrat transparent comportant un revêtement antireflet |
| US9546108B2 (en) | 2013-11-08 | 2017-01-17 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Substrate coated with a stack of functional layers having improved mechanical properties |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0125995A2 (fr) * | 1983-05-12 | 1984-11-21 | Advanced Magnetics, Inc. | Particules magnétiques pour l'utilisation dans des séparations |
| GB2152664A (en) * | 1984-01-04 | 1985-08-07 | Serono Diagnostics Ltd | Magnetic assay reagents |
| EP0180384A2 (fr) * | 1984-11-01 | 1986-05-07 | TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION(a Delaware corporation) | Porteur-réactif sensible au magnétisme et procédé de préparation |
| EP0585868A2 (fr) * | 1992-08-31 | 1994-03-09 | Nippon Paint Co., Ltd. | Particule magnétique et immunoessai l'utilisant |
-
1995
- 1995-06-21 WO PCT/IB1995/000502 patent/WO1996000394A1/fr active Application Filing
- 1995-06-21 AU AU25736/95A patent/AU2573695A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0125995A2 (fr) * | 1983-05-12 | 1984-11-21 | Advanced Magnetics, Inc. | Particules magnétiques pour l'utilisation dans des séparations |
| US4554088A (en) * | 1983-05-12 | 1985-11-19 | Advanced Magnetics Inc. | Magnetic particles for use in separations |
| GB2152664A (en) * | 1984-01-04 | 1985-08-07 | Serono Diagnostics Ltd | Magnetic assay reagents |
| EP0180384A2 (fr) * | 1984-11-01 | 1986-05-07 | TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION(a Delaware corporation) | Porteur-réactif sensible au magnétisme et procédé de préparation |
| EP0585868A2 (fr) * | 1992-08-31 | 1994-03-09 | Nippon Paint Co., Ltd. | Particule magnétique et immunoessai l'utilisant |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5948538A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 1999-09-07 | Saint-Gobain Village | Glazing assembly comprising a substrate provided with a stack of thin layers for solar protection and/or thermal insulation |
| EP1013622A1 (fr) | 1998-12-21 | 2000-06-28 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Substrat transparent comportant un revêtement antireflet |
| US9546108B2 (en) | 2013-11-08 | 2017-01-17 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Substrate coated with a stack of functional layers having improved mechanical properties |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2573695A (en) | 1996-01-19 |
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