WO1995010582A1 - Additifs de carburant - Google Patents
Additifs de carburant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995010582A1 WO1995010582A1 PCT/EP1994/003386 EP9403386W WO9510582A1 WO 1995010582 A1 WO1995010582 A1 WO 1995010582A1 EP 9403386 W EP9403386 W EP 9403386W WO 9510582 A1 WO9510582 A1 WO 9510582A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel oil
- additive
- compression
- ashless dispersant
- fuel
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 alkenyl succinimide Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical class ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010771 distillate fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydromaleimide Natural products O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical class O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002678 macrocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- NSOAQRMLVFRWIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxydecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC=C NSOAQRMLVFRWIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Chemical class C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZUCSFZQPDHULO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl nitrate Chemical class CCOCCOCCO[N+]([O-])=O OZUCSFZQPDHULO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCO PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GTBGXKPAKVYEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GTBGXKPAKVYEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003090 exacerbative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940082615 organic nitrates used in cardiac disease Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/12—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the cetane number
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
- C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Definitions
- This invention relates to the operation of compression-ignition (or diesel) engines.
- a restriction on such use of traps is that they become increasingly clogged with particulates and therefore inhibit the flow of exhaust emissions.
- a trap may eventually have to be cleaned in situ before it can be re-used, a process which may be referred to as regeneration.
- a first aspect of the invention is a method of operating a compression- ignition-engine using, as fuel, a liquid hydrocarbon compression-ignition fuel oil which method comprises combusting in the engine a liquid hydrocarbon compression-ignition fuel oil containing, as an additive, a minor proportion of an ashless dispersant or detergent, and filtering the exhaust emissions arising from said combusting to physically entrap and remove carbonaceous particulates from the emissions.
- a second aspect of the invention is use of an ashless dispersant in a fuel oil to inhibit the time-dependent increase in smoke generation in a compression- ignition engine caused by the presence of a particle trap in its exhaust.
- ashless dispersants mainly as additives for use in lubricant compositions, but also for use in hydrocarbon fuels. They generally contain only C, H O and, in most cases, N, but sometimes contain other non-metallic elements such as P, S or B.
- EP-A-482 253 describes examples of ashless dispersants to which reference is directed. Some general classes of ashless dispersants are
- interpolymers of oil-soluble monomers such as decyl methacrylate, vinyl decyl ether and high molecular weight olefins with monomers containing polar substituents, e.g. aminoalkyl acrylates or acrylamides and poly(oxyethylene)-substituted acrylates
- R ⁇ represents a hydrocarbon group having 1-30 carbon atoms and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 -22 carbon atoms, or an amino alkyl, acrylaminoalkyi or hydroxyalkyi group having 2-50 carbon atoms
- n is an integer at least equal to 1
- R ⁇ is a saturated or unsaturated linear hydrocarbon group having 10-22 carbon atoms and R ⁇ is a divalent alkylene or alkylidene group of 1 -6 carbon atoms
- o macrocyclic compounds as described in WO 91/16408 to which attention is directed, e.g. the cyclised products of the reaction products of a polyalkylene polyamine with a polyalkenyl substituted succinic anhydride
- the fuel oil is preferably a middle distillate fuel oil which boils within the range of about 100°C to about 500°C, e.g. about 150°C to about 400°C.
- the fuel oil can comprise atmospheric distillate or vacuum distillate, or cracked gas oil or a blend in any proportion of straight run and thermally and/or catalytically cracked distillates or may be a vegetable oil or a derivative thereof such as an ester made by saponification and re-esterification, or may be a combination of a middle distillate fuel oil and a vegetable oil or derivative thereof.
- the concentration of the additive of the invention in the fuel oil may be up to 250,000 ppm such as 1 to 2000 ppm (active ingredient) by weight per weight of fuel, preferably 10 to 1000 ppm.
- the additive may be incorporated into bulk fuel oil by methods known in the art.
- the additive may be so incorporated in the form of a concentrate comprising an admixture of the additive and a liquid carrier medium compatible with the fuel oil, the additive being dispersed in the liquid carrier medium.
- Such concentrates preferably contain from 3 to 75 wt%, more preferably 3 to 60 wt%, most preferably 10 to 50 wt% of the additive, preferably in solution in the liquid carrier medium.
- liquid carrier medium examples include organic solvents including hydrocarbon solvents, for example petroleum fractions such as naphtha, kerosene and heater oil; aromatic hydrocarbons; paraffinic hydrocarbons such as hexane and pentane; alkoxyalkanols such as 2-butoxyethanol; and isodecanol.
- hydrocarbon solvents for example petroleum fractions such as naphtha, kerosene and heater oil
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as hexane and pentane
- alkoxyalkanols such as 2-butoxyethanol
- isodecanol isodecanol.
- the liquid carrier medium must of course be selected having regard to its compatibility with the additive and with the fuel oil.
- the fuel oil has a sulphur concentration of 0.2% by weight or less. More preferably, the sulphur concentration is 0.05% by weight or less, such as 0.01 % by weight or less.
- the art describes methods for reducing the sulphur concentration of hydrocarbon distillate fuels, such methods including for example solvent extraction, sulphuric acid treatment, and hydrodesulphurisation.
- the additives of the invention may be used singly or as mixtures of more than one additive. They may also be used in combination with one or more co- additives such as known in the art, for example the following: detergents (other than those of the additive of the invention), antioxidants (to help stabilise the fuel), corrosion inhibitors, dehazers, demulsifiers. metal deactivators, antifoaming agents, cetane improvers, cosolvents, package compatibilisers, lubricity additives, and wax crystal modifiers such as middle distillate flow improvers.
- cetane improvers are particularly noteworthy, examples being organic nitrates and substituted triazoles and tetrazoles, for example those described in EP-A-230 783.
- the cetane improver is an organic nitrate in the form of a nitrate ester containing aliphatic or cycloaliphatic groups with up to 30 carbon atoms, preferably saturated groups and preferably with up to 12 carbon atoms.
- nitrates examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, iso-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, allyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, cyclododecyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, and 2-(2- ethoxyethoxy)ethyl nitrates.
- the cetane improver may be used in the fuel at a concentration in the range of from 5 to 10000, preferably 50 to 5000 and most preferably from 100 to 2000 ppm by weight based on the weight of the fuel.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a diesel engine, exhaust and trap; and Figure 2 depicts two sets of results for Bosch smoke against time, the sets being marked A and B in the Figure.
- an ashless dispersant in the form of a macrocyclic compound comprising the cyclised product of the reaction product of N, Nl-bis(3- aminopropyl)ethylene diamine with polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride as described in Example D of WO 91/16408.
- cetane improver comprising an alkyl nitrate made from a C ⁇ alcohol.
- the fuel used was a typical commercially available German diesel fuel in accordance with the German specification for 1992.
- a ceramic matrix comprising an arrangement of very fine straight tubes of rectangular section as passageways for exhaust emissions.
- the walls defining the tubes have a high surface area such that they are capable of entrapping particulates from the emissions.
- the trap When the trap becomes blocked with particulates, it may be regenerated by heating jn situ to burn off the particulates.
- test fuel was combusted in a combustion chamber 1 of the engine, the emissions from which combustion passed along an exhaust pipe 2 in the direction shown by arrow a and thence passed through a filter trap 3 which entrapped carbonaceous particulates from the emission. Filtered emissions then passed along a continuation exhaust pipe 4 in the direction shown by arrow b to be discharged. Bosch smoke was measured at periodic intervals at the position in exhaust pipe 2 depicted by arrow X.
- the test was carried out using untreated fuel and, after cleaning engine injectors, using fuel containing an additive comprising the ashless dispersant (1000 ppm by weight per weight of fuel) and the cetane improver (1000 ppm by weight per weight of fuel).
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
Selon l'invention, on fait fonctionner un moteur diesel avec un carburant contenant un additif dispersant dépourvu de cendres, et on fait passer par un collecteur filtre les émissions produites afin de piéger puis enlever les matières particulaires charbonneuses provenant desdites émissions.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB939321370A GB9321370D0 (en) | 1993-10-13 | 1993-10-13 | Fuel additives |
| GB9321370.0 | 1993-10-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1995010582A1 true WO1995010582A1 (fr) | 1995-04-20 |
Family
ID=10743662
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1994/003386 WO1995010582A1 (fr) | 1993-10-13 | 1994-10-12 | Additifs de carburant |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB9321370D0 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1995010582A1 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1705234A1 (fr) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-27 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Utilisation d'additifs détergents afin d'empêcher ou de réduire la formation des dépôts dans les systèmes d'injection pour moteurs diesel à injection directe |
| US8623105B2 (en) | 2008-05-13 | 2014-01-07 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Fuel additives to maintain optimum injector performance |
| US10626318B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2020-04-21 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Paraffin suppressant compositions and methods |
| US10738138B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2020-08-11 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Paraffin inhibitors, and paraffin suppressant compositions and methods |
| US11629304B2 (en) | 2020-11-13 | 2023-04-18 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Synthetic lubricity additives for hydrocarbon fuels |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2343123A1 (fr) * | 1976-03-02 | 1977-09-30 | Testa Michel | Epurateur de gaz d'echappements de moteurs a explosion ou de tout conduit degageant des gaz ou des fumees |
| WO1985001513A1 (fr) * | 1983-10-05 | 1985-04-11 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Compositions contenant du manganese et du cuivre |
| WO1988002392A2 (fr) * | 1986-10-02 | 1988-04-07 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Complexes de titane et de zirconium et compositions pour carburants |
| WO1991016408A1 (fr) * | 1990-04-12 | 1991-10-31 | Exxon Chemical Limited | Compositions combustibles |
| EP0476196A1 (fr) * | 1990-09-20 | 1992-03-25 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited | Compositions combustibles hydrocarburées et additifs pour celles-ci |
| DE4033621C1 (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1992-06-25 | Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De | Filter for cleansing exhaust gas, esp. from diesel engine - has filter body with longitudinal channels which are sepd. by porous sepg. walls which are not penetrated by soot particles |
| WO1992020765A1 (fr) * | 1991-05-13 | 1992-11-26 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Carburants diesel contenant des complexes organometalliques |
| WO1993001259A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-02 | 1993-01-21 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Traitement pour carburant |
| WO1993012207A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-06-24 | Platinum Plus, Inc. | Methode permettant de reduire les emissions de particules d'un moteur diesel avec une composition organometallique coordonnee appartenant au groupe metallique du platine |
-
1993
- 1993-10-13 GB GB939321370A patent/GB9321370D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-10-12 WO PCT/EP1994/003386 patent/WO1995010582A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2343123A1 (fr) * | 1976-03-02 | 1977-09-30 | Testa Michel | Epurateur de gaz d'echappements de moteurs a explosion ou de tout conduit degageant des gaz ou des fumees |
| WO1985001513A1 (fr) * | 1983-10-05 | 1985-04-11 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Compositions contenant du manganese et du cuivre |
| WO1988002392A2 (fr) * | 1986-10-02 | 1988-04-07 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Complexes de titane et de zirconium et compositions pour carburants |
| WO1991016408A1 (fr) * | 1990-04-12 | 1991-10-31 | Exxon Chemical Limited | Compositions combustibles |
| EP0476196A1 (fr) * | 1990-09-20 | 1992-03-25 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited | Compositions combustibles hydrocarburées et additifs pour celles-ci |
| DE4033621C1 (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1992-06-25 | Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De | Filter for cleansing exhaust gas, esp. from diesel engine - has filter body with longitudinal channels which are sepd. by porous sepg. walls which are not penetrated by soot particles |
| WO1992020765A1 (fr) * | 1991-05-13 | 1992-11-26 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Carburants diesel contenant des complexes organometalliques |
| WO1993001259A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-02 | 1993-01-21 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Traitement pour carburant |
| WO1993012207A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-06-24 | Platinum Plus, Inc. | Methode permettant de reduire les emissions de particules d'un moteur diesel avec une composition organometallique coordonnee appartenant au groupe metallique du platine |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1705234A1 (fr) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-27 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Utilisation d'additifs détergents afin d'empêcher ou de réduire la formation des dépôts dans les systèmes d'injection pour moteurs diesel à injection directe |
| WO2006100083A1 (fr) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-28 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Utilisation d'additifs detergents pour reduire la quantite de particules dans des emissions de gaz d'echappement de moteurs diesels a injection directe |
| JP2008534699A (ja) * | 2005-03-24 | 2008-08-28 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 直噴ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス排出における微粒子量を減少させるための清浄添加剤の使用 |
| AU2006226517B2 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2011-12-01 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Use of detergent additives for reducing a particle amount in the exhaust gas of direct injection diesel engines |
| US8623105B2 (en) | 2008-05-13 | 2014-01-07 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Fuel additives to maintain optimum injector performance |
| US10626318B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2020-04-21 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Paraffin suppressant compositions and methods |
| US10738138B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2020-08-11 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Paraffin inhibitors, and paraffin suppressant compositions and methods |
| US11629304B2 (en) | 2020-11-13 | 2023-04-18 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Synthetic lubricity additives for hydrocarbon fuels |
| US12187970B2 (en) | 2020-11-13 | 2025-01-07 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Synthetic lubricity additives for hydrocarbon fuels |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9321370D0 (en) | 1993-12-08 |
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