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WO1995010187A1 - Pesticides - Google Patents

Pesticides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995010187A1
WO1995010187A1 PCT/IB1994/000334 IB9400334W WO9510187A1 WO 1995010187 A1 WO1995010187 A1 WO 1995010187A1 IB 9400334 W IB9400334 W IB 9400334W WO 9510187 A1 WO9510187 A1 WO 9510187A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spp
obtainable
active component
pesticidally active
extract
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB1994/000334
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul John Martin
Original Assignee
Mallinckrodt Veterinary Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mallinckrodt Veterinary Inc. filed Critical Mallinckrodt Veterinary Inc.
Priority to AU78607/94A priority Critical patent/AU7860794A/en
Publication of WO1995010187A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995010187A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • This invention relates to pesticidal compounds, and in particular plant extracts with pesticidal, particularly insecticidal and nematocidal activity.
  • insects and nematodes are serious pests which cause problems in many areas of medical and agricultural importance. Especially important are insect and nematode crop pests, and insect ectoparasites and nematodes which are carried by livestock such as sheep, cattle, poultry, pigs, dogs and cats, equidae and the like.
  • Plant extracts have been the source of many medicinal and pesticidal compounds, although it cannot be predicted in advance whether a particular plant extract will provide any beneficial effect, and if so what that beneficial effect will be.
  • extracts from fifteen plants collected from Cameroon only one, that is made from Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr. species (of the Class Magnoliatae, Sub class Dilleniidae, Order Ebenales, and Family Styracaceae), has been shown to be effective as a pesticide for combating pests including nematodes and insect ectoparasites and crop pests. No one has previously reported that extracts of plants from the Family Styracaceae have nematocidal and insecticidal activity.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides bark of the plant Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr. , substantially free of other plant material, or a pesticidally active component obtainable by extraction thereof.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a pesticidally active component from the bark of the plant Afrostyrax lepidophyllus, obtainable by extraction in methanol or any alcohol containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms or petroleum ether or any alkane containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms or ethyl acetate or any ester of an alcohol containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms and an organic acid containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms or chloroform or water or butanol or combinations thereof or by extraction successively in more than one of the said solvents, optionally followed by freeze-drying the extract.
  • Suitable alcohols include ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, butan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, r -butyl alcohol, pentan-1-ol, pentan-2-ol, hexan-1-ol, heptan- 2-ol, octan-1-ol and the like.
  • the alcohol is methanol.
  • Suitable alkanes include pentane, hexane, heptane, octane and the like.
  • Suitable esters include methylacetate, ethylbutanoate, propyl butanoate and the like.
  • ester is ethyl acetate.
  • methanol we include aqueous methanol comprising at least 80% methanol, preferably at least 90% methanol and more preferably 95% methanol.
  • Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr. is found in Cameroon and Ghana. The authority on the classification of this species of plant, and related plants in the Angiospermae, is Cronquist.
  • the extract conveniently may be made by extraction in any suitable solvent, but extraction in 95% methanol is preferred; the pesticidal component or components are obtainable in this manner.
  • Exhaustive extraction may be performed in a Soxhlet apparatus, in which case the solvent is heated to its boiling point and then condensed before passing through the plant material.
  • Other means of extraction well known in the art, may be used. These include continuous extraction with petroleum ether until exhaustion, the remaining plant material being successfully extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus.
  • Such extracts have been shown to have pesticidal activity, particularly insecticidal and nematocidal activity, when contacted with or ingested by the pest.
  • Approximately 4 ml of 95% methanol may be used per 1 g of bark. Typically, 600 mg of freeze dried material is obtained per 10 g of bark.
  • the extract may be made by placing powdered stem bark (100 g) of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr. in a glass percolator and continually extracting with petroleum ether until exhaustion. The remaining plant material is successively extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus.
  • the petroleum ether extract contains about 205 mg of material
  • the ethyl acetate extract contains about 280 mg of material
  • the methanol extract contains about 230 mg of material.
  • the pesticidally active component is extracted in methanol or petroleum ether or ethyl acetate or combinations thereof or by extraction successively in more than one of methanol, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, optionally followed by freeze-drying the extract.
  • the extract obtainable by extraction in ethyl acetate of bark which has first been extracted in petroleum ether, is used as the pesticide.
  • the extract of the present invention may be particularly useful for combating insect ectoparasites and nematodes which infest sheep, cattle and the like.
  • insects include fleas of the Order Siphonaptera, lice of the Sub Orders Mallophaga and Anoplura; biting and nuisance flies of the Order Diptera; and myiasis flies of the Families Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae and Oestridae.
  • Ctenocephalides spp Damalinia spp; Linognathus spp; Tabanus spp; Stomoxys spp; Haematobia spp; Hydrotaea spp; Musca spp; Glossina spp; Simulium spp; Lucilia spp; Chrysomya spp; Cochliomyia spp; Oestrus ovis, Dermatobia hominis, Hypoderma spp, and Gastrophilus spp.
  • the extract may be useful for combating nematodes of animals and plants.
  • animal nematodes are included within, but are not exclusive to, the following families: Trichostrongylidae (eg Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Ostertagia, Cooperia and Haemonchus), Strongylidae (eg Strongylus), Ancylostomatidae (eg Bunostomum), Dictyocaulidae (eg Dictyocaulus), Filariidae (eg Dirofilari ⁇ ) and Ascarididae (eg Ascaris).
  • Trichostrongylidae eg Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Ostertagia, Cooperia and Haemonchus
  • Strongylidae eg Strongylus
  • Ancylostomatidae eg Bunostomum
  • Dictyocaulidae eg Dictyocaulus
  • Such plant nematodes are included within, but are not exclusive to, the following families:- Tylenchidae (eg Tylodorus and Ditylenchus), Meloidogynidae (eg Meloidogyne), Heteroderoidea (eg Heterodera and Globodera), Longidoridae (eg Longidorus, Xiphinema and Paralongidorus) , and Trichodoridae (eg Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus) .
  • Tylenchidae eg Tylodorus and Ditylenchus
  • Meloidogynidae eg Meloidogyne
  • Heteroderoidea eg Heterodera and Globodera
  • Longidoridae eg Longidorus, Xiphinema and Paralongidorus
  • Trichodoridae eg Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus
  • the extract of the present invention may be used to combat crop and public health pests, particularly insect crop and public health/premise pests including Heliothis virescens; Spodoptera littoralis; Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae; Nephotettix cincticeps; Nilaparvata lugens; Diabrotica undecimpunctata; Blattella germanica; Blatta orientalis; Periplaneta spp; Musca spp; Culex spp; Anopheles spp; Aedes spp; Monomo ⁇ um pharaonis; Sitophilus spp; Tribolium spp; Dermestes spp; Ephestia spp; and Anthrenus spp.
  • Heliothis virescens Spodoptera littoralis
  • Aphis gossypii Myzus persicae
  • Nephotettix cincticeps Nilaparva
  • a third aspect of the invention provides a pesticidal composition
  • a pesticidal composition comprising an extract according to the first aspect of the invention and one or more carriers, diluents or solvents.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention provides a method of combating a pest by applying to the pest or its locus a composition according to the second aspect of the invention.
  • the extract may be used to control pests such as insects and nematodes.
  • the present invention provides a method for the control of such pests which comprises administering to the pest or to its environment a pesticidally effective amount of the extract.
  • the present invention provides a method for the control of pest infestations of animals (including humans) and/or plants (including trees) and/or stored products and/or the environment eg premises, vegetation, water courses etc which comprises administering an effective amount of the extract.
  • the present invention further provides for the extract for use in human and veterinary medicine, in public health control and in agriculture for the control of such pests.
  • control of pests we mean the amelioration of present or future deleterious effects of pests, including killing adults, larvae and eggs, repelling pests, knocking down pests, inhibiting reproduction of pests and other influence on the behaviour of pests.
  • the extract is of particular value in the protection of field, forage, plantation, glasshouse, orchard and vineyard crops, of ornamentals and of plantation and forest trees, for example cereals (such as maize, wheat, rice, millet, oats, barley and sorghum), cotton, tobacco, vegetables and salads (such as beans, cole crops, cucurbits, lettuce, onions, tomatoes and peppers), field crops (such as potato, sugar beet, ground nuts, soyabean, oil seed rape), linseed, sugar cane, grassland (including playing fields) and forage crops, (such as lucerne), plantations (such as of tea, coffee, cocoa, banana, oil palm, coconut, rubber, spices), orchards and groves (such as of stone and pip fruit, citrus fruits, kiwifruit, avocado, mango, olives and walnuts), vineyards, ornamental plants, flowers and shrubs under glass and in gardens and parks, forest trees (both deciduous and evergreen) in forests, plantations
  • the extract is of value in the control of pests which are injurious to, or spread or act as vectors of diseases in, man, domestic animals and plants, for example those hereinbefore mentioned, and more especially in the control of plant parasitic nematodes and parasitic nematodes of animals which may be found in the gastrointestinal tract, the air passages or blood vessels of the respiratory tract and the heart and associated blood vessels and of such anthropod parasites as lice, fleas, biting, nuisance and myiasis flies including midges and mosquitoes.
  • the extract may be used for treating vertebrates including mammals, birds and fishes.
  • mammals we include man, pigs, sheep, cattle, equines, cats and dogs; by birds we include hens, ducks, turkeys, geese, canaries and budgerigars; by fish we include salmon, trout and ornamental fish.
  • the extract is of value in the control of public health pests such as flies, hemipteran bugs, cockroaches and ants.
  • the extract may be used for such purposes by application of the compounds themselves or when formulated in known fashion as a dip, spray, lacquer, foam, dust, powder, granules, paste, gel, cream, shampoo, grease, vapourising mat, combustible solid and coil, bait, dietary supplement, granules, pressure pack, impregnated article, pour on, bolus, drench and injectable or other standard formulations well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Dip concentrates are not applied per se, but are diluted with water and the animals immersed in a dipping bath containing the dip wash.
  • Spray concentrates, diluted or otherwise, may be applied by hand or by means of a spray race or arch or vehicle or aircraft-mounted apparatus.
  • the animal, soil, plant or other surface being treated may be saturated with the spray by means of high volume application or superficially coated with the spray by means of light or ultra low volume application.
  • Dips and sprays may be prepared in the field, as emulsions in water from emulsifiable concentrates (otherwise known as miscible oils), as aqueous suspensions, from for example wettable powders, and as aqueous solutions.
  • the emulsifiable concentrate preferably comprises a mixture of the active ingredient, with or without an organic solvent and one or more emulsifiers.
  • Solvents may be present within wide limits but preferably in an amount of from 0 to 99.9% w/v of the composition and may be selected from water, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, aromatic naphtha, aromatic and aliphatic esters and other solvents known in the formulating art.
  • the concentration of emulsifiers may be varied within wide limits but is preferably in the range of 1 to 25% w/v and the emulsifiers are conveniently non-ionic surface active agents including polyoxyalkylene esters of alkyl phenols and polyoxyethylene derivatives of hexitol anhydrides and anionic surface active agents including Na lauryl sulphate, fatty alcohol ester sulphates, Na and Ca salts of alkyl aryl sulphonates and alkyl sulphosuccinates, soaps, lecithins or hydrolysed glues and others known in the art.
  • Wettable powders comprise an inert solid carrier, one or more surface active agents, and optionally stabilisers and/or anti-oxidants. These concentrates will normally contain from 0.5 to 99.5% by weight of the active ingredient, and are diluted, for example with water, before use. Sprays may also comprise a solution or dispersion of the active ingredient in an organic solvent (see those listed above).
  • Lacquers are applied by brush, for example, to inanimate surfaces where the pests may rest or breed. They comprise a solution of the active ingredient in an organic solvent together with a resin, and optionally a plasticiser.
  • Foams are applied by mechanical or aerosol driven sprays to both animate and inanimate surfaces. They comprise the active ingredient with foam stabilising surfactants and a propellant which forms the foam as it evaporates.
  • Dusts and powders may be distributed by means of an applicator or incorporated into perforated bags, or other such devices, attached to trees or rubbing bars. They comprise the extract in intimate admixture with a solid inert carrier, for example suitable clays, kaolin, bentonite, attapulgite, adsorbent carbon black, talc, mica, chalk, gypsum, tricalcium phosphate, powdered cork, magnesium silicate, silicon dioxide, vegetable carriers, starch and diatomaceous earths.
  • a solid inert carrier for example suitable clays, kaolin, bentonite, attapulgite, adsorbent carbon black, talc, mica, chalk, gypsum, tricalcium phosphate, powdered cork, magnesium silicate, silicon dioxide, vegetable carriers, starch and diatomaceous earths.
  • Such solid formulations may be prepared by impregnating the solid diluents with solutions of the extract in volatile solvents, evaporating the solvents and, if desired, grinding the products so as to obtain powders and, if desired, granulating, compacting or encapsulating the products.
  • Pastes, gels and creams may be applied manually to the predilection sites on the host. They are semi-solid preparations in which the extract may be present as a uniform dispersion in a suitable base such as soft or liquid paraffin or made on a non-greasy basis with glycerin, mucilage or a suitable soap.
  • a suitable base such as soft or liquid paraffin or made on a non-greasy basis with glycerin, mucilage or a suitable soap.
  • Shampoos may be applied manually after which the animal is rinsed with clean water.
  • Greases may be applied manually or distributed over the surface of an inert material, such as that against which animals rub and thereby transfer the material to their skins. They may be prepared from vegetable oils, synthetic esters of fatty acids or wool fat together with an inert base such as soft paraffin. The extract is preferably distributed uniformly through the mixture in solution or suspension. Greases may also be made from emulsifiable concentrates by diluting them with an ointment base.
  • Vapourising mats may be operated electrically by heaters and combustible solids and coils are ignited to deliver the active ingredient to the environment of the parasite.
  • Combustible coils may contain the active ingredient with a combustible filler (wood flour), a water soluble gum, a fungistat and a dye.
  • Baits may be applied to walls or areas where flies and crawling insects come to rest, feed and breed. They comprise a solution or suspension in either water or a suitable solvent with sugars or a pheromone like muscamone.
  • Dietary supplements may be applied to the feed either when they are formulated by the manufacturer or by the stock owner just prior to use.
  • Granules may be placed in the environment of the pest to contact it when it goes to feed, breed or rest.
  • the active ingredient is compounded with a relatively heavy material, for example attapulgite. In this form they fall to the bottom of rivers etc and disintegrate so releasing the active ingredient.
  • a relatively heavy material for example attapulgite. In this form they fall to the bottom of rivers etc and disintegrate so releasing the active ingredient.
  • they may be bound with a sticky oil emulsion to pellets of vermiculite when they float on the surface of the water and disperse the insecticide.
  • Pressure packs prepared as simple solutions of the active ingredient in the aerosol propellant and co-solvent such as halogenated alkanes, butane, propane and dimethyl ether. They are used to spray predilection sites of the pest either on or off the host or may be used as space sprays to contact aerial stages.
  • Impregnated articles eg ear tags, collars, bands, sheets and strips etc, are placed on the animal to provide immediate and residual control of pests. In certain cases they may also be attached to the housing of the animals.
  • pour on formulations are dispensed as a unit of liquid of small volume on to for example the backs of animals as single point applications or stripes such that all of the liquid is retained on the animal and may then act systemically throughout the body of the animal or by surface action contact the parasite directly.
  • Boluses are given orally to stock, like cattle and sheep, to form residual devices in the reticulum/rumen.
  • Pesticide released from the boluses may effect control of the pest directly or systemically or when the pest attempts to breed on the animal's faeces.
  • They are a solid dosage form comprising suitable diluents, disintegrants, binders, lubricants and weights or retention devices.
  • Drenches are applied to stock by the oral route so affecting the pest either directly or systemically or when it attempts to breed on the faeces of the animal.
  • Injectables in a suitable vehicle, are administered to stock by, for example, the intramuscular or subcutaneous route to affect the pest systemically as it feeds on the host's blood, tissues or tissue fluids, or when it attempts to breed on the animal's faeces.
  • Injectables and drenches comprise a solution or suspension in either water or a suitable solvent eg alcohol, polyethylene glycol together with solubilising agents, surfactants, antimicrobial preservatives and stabilisers.
  • the concentration of the extract to be applied to an animal, premises, other substrates or outdoor areas will vary according to the interval between treatments, the nature of the formulation and the likely infestation, but in general 0.001 to 65% w/v and preferably 0.005 to 10% of the extract should be present in the applied formulation.
  • the amount of the extract deposited will vary according to the method of application, area of application, concentration of the extract in the applied formulation, factor by which the formulation is diluted, the efficacy of the extract and the nature of the formulation. Undiluted formulations such as pour-on formulations will in general be deposited at a concentration in the range from 0.1 to 65 % and preferably 0.1 to 10% . Sprays to inanimate surfaces will be applied to give an average initial concentration of 0.001 to 1 mg/m 3 .
  • the extract is also of use in the protection and treatment of plant species, in which case an effective pesticidal amount of the active ingredient is applied.
  • the application rate will vary according to the compound chosen, the nature of the formulation, the mode of application, the plant species, the planting density and likely infestation and other like factors but in general, a suitable use rate for agricultural crops is in the range 0.001 to 3 kg/ha and preferably between 0.01 and 1 kg/ha.
  • Typical formulations for agricultural use contain between 0.0001 % and 50% of the extract and conveniently between 0.1 and 15 % by weight of the extract.
  • Dusts, greases, pastes and aerosol formulations are usually applied in a random fashion as described above and concentrations of 0.001 to 20% w/v of the extract in the applied formulation may be used.
  • the extract of the invention may be combined with one or more other pesticidally active ingredients (for example pyrethroids, carbamates, lipid amides, bicyclooctanes and organophosphates, acyl ureas, acylated ethers (pyriproxifen)) and/or with attractants, repellants, bacteriocides, fungicides, anthelmintics and the like.
  • pesticidally active ingredients for example pyrethroids, carbamates, lipid amides, bicyclooctanes and organophosphates, acyl ureas, acylated ethers (pyriproxifen)
  • Stabilisers for preventing any chemical degradation which may occur with the active components of the extract of the invention include, for example, antioxidants (such as tocopherols, butylhydroxyanisole and butylhydroxytoluene) and scavengers (such as epichlorhydrin and epoxydised vegetable oil) and organic or inorganic bases, for example trialkylamines such as triethylamine, which can act as basic stabilisers and as scavengers.
  • antioxidants such as tocopherols, butylhydroxyanisole and butylhydroxytoluene
  • scavengers such as epichlorhydrin and epoxydised vegetable oil
  • organic or inorganic bases for example trialkylamines such as triethylamine, which can act as basic stabilisers and as scavengers.
  • Buffers may be used to control the pH of the formulations.
  • compositions comprising the extract in admixture with a carrier, or carriers;
  • the extract is prepared by taking the ground bark and extracting it by the continuous solvent extraction Soxhlet procedure using a 95:5 volume by volume methanokwater mixture. The resultant extract is then concentrated by rotary evaporator and then freeze dried.
  • the extract is made by placing powdered stem bark (100 g) of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr. in a glass percolator and continually extracting with petroleum ether until exhaustion.
  • the remaining (ie petroleum-ether-exhausted) plant material is successively extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus.
  • the petroleum ether extract contains about 205 mg of material
  • the ethyl acetate extract contains about 280 mg of material
  • the methanol extract contains 230 mg of material.
  • Each may be concentrated in a rotary evaporator and freeze-dried.
  • the plant material was dried and then re-extracted in an identical manner using methanol (2 x 1.5 litres) as the solvent. Concentration of the extract gave an oil (SHM-5-2B, 6.726 g). This oil was shaken for 24 hours with a mixture of 500 ml of chloroform and 1.5 litres of distilled water. This process was repeated with fresh solvent for a further 24 hours. The chloroform and water layers were allowed to separate. Concentration of the chloroform extract under vacuum at 40 °C gave a solid, SHM-5-2C (1.3 g). The water layer was further extracted with n-butanol (1 part water to 3 parts butanol) by liquid-liquid extraction for 24 hours (repeated for a further 24 hours with a further batch of solvents).
  • the CSIRO Standard susceptible strain was used for the methanol extraction assays and the CERIT laboratory strain, University of New South Wales, Kensington was used for the sequential extraction assays.
  • Sheep lice contact test a serial dilution of the freeze-dried extract was made using acetone and then pipetted on to glass micro-fibre papers placed in 5 cm petri dishes. After the papers had dried 10 lice were placed on each paper and incubated at 37°C and 75% relative humidity for 18 hours. The lice were then assessed as alive (able to move in a straight line between two points) or dead (including moribund).
  • Sheep lice ingestion test the freeze-dried extract was mixed, using a pestle and mortar, with the lice diet and then weighed into wells of multi well petri dishes. 10 lice were added to each well and the test incubated at 37°C and 75% relative humidity. Mortality was assessed as for the contact test at 24, 48 and 72 hours.
  • Sheep blowfly larval test the freeze-dried extract was dissolved in methanol and impregnated onto a solid cotton substrate held in a tube. To this was added new born calf serum. Approximately 100 first instar larvae were added to each tube and the test was incubated at 27 °C for 48 hours at which time mortality was assessed.
  • Stomach worm larval development test - serial dilutions of each sequential extract were prepared in dimethyl sulphoxide. Test solutions were prepared following further dilution with water. 2 ⁇ l of each solution was then added to 198 ⁇ l of 2% agar and placed in a 96 well perspex (ELISA) plate. Approximately 80 eggs were added to the surface of the agar in each well, supplemented with nutrient medium and incubated for 5 days. Development was monitored to the L3 larval stage and % inhibition of development determined.
  • Percentage mortalities were calculated on the total number of organisms in all replicate samples for each concentration by the following formula:
  • N d /T. 100 where N d and T, are the number of dead organisms and the total number treated respectively.
  • Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Extract 100 100 100 100 Control 0 3 6

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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Abstract

Ecorce de la plante Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr. sensiblement exempte d'autre matière végétale et pesticide qu'on obtient par extraction dans du méthanol ou un ester de pétrole ou leur combinaison, ou par extractions successives dans du méthanol, dans un ester de pétrole ou dans de l'acétate de méthyle, suivie facultativement d'une lyophilisation. L'invention porte également sur des compositions de ce pesticide et leurs modes d'utilisation pour combattre les parasites en particulier les ectoparasites, les insectes s'attaquant aux récoltes, les insectes des locaux sanitaires et les nématodes des végétaux et de l'animal.
PCT/IB1994/000334 1993-10-09 1994-10-06 Pesticides WO1995010187A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU78607/94A AU7860794A (en) 1993-10-09 1994-10-06 Pesticidal compounds

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9320836A GB9320836D0 (en) 1993-10-09 1993-10-09 Pesticidal compounds
GB9320836.1 1993-10-09

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WO1995010187A1 true WO1995010187A1 (fr) 1995-04-20

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PCT/IB1994/000334 WO1995010187A1 (fr) 1993-10-09 1994-10-06 Pesticides

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AU (1) AU7860794A (fr)
GB (1) GB9320836D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995010187A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA947827B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012148251A2 (fr) 2011-04-29 2012-11-01 Instituto De Ecologia, A.C. Utilisations, méthodes et compositions biologiques du genre paecilomyces pour la régulation, la prévention et d'éradication de phytoparasites dans des cultures de solanacées
CN105532758A (zh) * 2016-01-22 2016-05-04 和县正林苗木专业合作社 一种速生竹柳蓝叶甲防治剂

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0495684A1 (fr) * 1991-01-18 1992-07-22 Clilco, Ltd. Compositions répulsives aux poux

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EP0495684A1 (fr) * 1991-01-18 1992-07-22 Clilco, Ltd. Compositions répulsives aux poux

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BIOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 55, no. 9, Philadelphia, PA, US; abstract no. 47237, R.BAAS: "Anatomical contributions to plant taxonomy: II. The affinities of Hua Pierre and Afrostyrax Perkins et Gilg." *
BLUMEA, vol. 20, no. 1, 1972, pages 161 - 192 *
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 105, no. 21, 24 November 1986, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 185736, U.ZEHAVI ET AL.: "Fungistatic activity of saponin A from styrax officinalis L. on plant pathogens" *
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012148251A2 (fr) 2011-04-29 2012-11-01 Instituto De Ecologia, A.C. Utilisations, méthodes et compositions biologiques du genre paecilomyces pour la régulation, la prévention et d'éradication de phytoparasites dans des cultures de solanacées
US10070653B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2018-09-11 Instituto De Ecologia, A.C. Uses, methods and biological compositions of the genus Paecilomyces in the control, prevention and eradication of plant parasites in Solanaceae cultures
CN105532758A (zh) * 2016-01-22 2016-05-04 和县正林苗木专业合作社 一种速生竹柳蓝叶甲防治剂

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