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WO1994021146A1 - Procede et dispositif de stockage de vegetaux, de viande et d'autres matieres organiques - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de stockage de vegetaux, de viande et d'autres matieres organiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994021146A1
WO1994021146A1 PCT/HU1994/000005 HU9400005W WO9421146A1 WO 1994021146 A1 WO1994021146 A1 WO 1994021146A1 HU 9400005 W HU9400005 W HU 9400005W WO 9421146 A1 WO9421146 A1 WO 9421146A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
air
temperature
air duct
plate covering
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/HU1994/000005
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gyula Subotics
Katalin Subotics
Original Assignee
Comtherm Es Tsa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Comtherm Es Tsa filed Critical Comtherm Es Tsa
Priority to AU63852/94A priority Critical patent/AU6385294A/en
Publication of WO1994021146A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994021146A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
    • A23B2/70—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals
    • A23B2/704—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • A23B2/708—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
    • A23B2/80—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • A23B2/805—Materials not being transported through or in the apparatus with or without shaping, e.g. in the form of powders, granules or flakes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for storing plants, meat and other organic substances, the product to be stored being brought into a hermetically sealed, cooled chamber.
  • the invention further relates to a device for storing plants, meat and other organic substances, which has at least one cooled chamber for receiving the products to be stored, which can be hermetically sealed with an openable cover and a cooling circuit, a thermostat and a control system ⁇ circle contains.
  • the essence of the solution according to the patent mentioned is that the product to be stored or preserved is brought into a closed space and the composition of the gases bound in the cells of the product to be preserved is changed by changing the the pressure prevailing in the closed space is continuously changed cyclically with a frequency of at least 0.1 sec " 1 , the value of the pressure change being kept below 8 kPa, Furthermore, the temperature of the gases filling the closed room is changed cyclically between -2 ° C and +2 ° C.
  • a device is further described, the essence of which is that the product to be preserved is arranged in a hermetically sealed chamber which is connected to a pressure-changing device, preferably a gas pump, or the chamber is connected to at least one a movable wall that secures a change in volume of the chamber and hermetically seals the chamber. Furthermore, the chamber is connected to a cooling circuit which ensures the cooling of the chamber.
  • a pressure-changing device preferably a gas pump
  • the chamber is connected to a cooling circuit which ensures the cooling of the chamber.
  • the chambers of the preservation device are to be made much stronger in terms of stability compared to conventional cooling devices, and the opening and closing parts are also to be reinforced and secured Locking device to be provided. Since the pressure change has an effect on the entire volume of the chamber, this is only possible with the help of large gas pumps with a high energy consumption, as a result of which the costs increase considerably.
  • a method is known from US Pat. No. 3,958,028 Known for the preservation of fruit, vegetables, meat, fish and other foods, cut flowers and plants grown under film. This method relates to storage under a so-called hypobaric pressure between 4 and 400 Hgmm under controlled and correlated conditions with regard to the temperature, humidity, air movement and air exchange.
  • a gas which is harmless to health, for example air, is moistened with boiled water and passed through the storage room or the products stored there.
  • the relative moisture content is set to 80-100%, the pressure is kept continuously or interrupted at a predetermined value which is slightly higher than the water vapor pressure in the stored goods.
  • the invention has set itself the goal of further developing the solutions known from the aforementioned US Pat. Nos. 5,077,009 and 3,958,028 and while maintaining the advantages of these by means of a simple and more economically feasible process, or by means of a simpler and lesser process Preserving device a preservation of products.
  • the goal can be achieved by allowing the gases filling the chamber, preferably air, to flow continuously through the chamber with pulsating pressure fluctuations causing slight pressure changes, the products alternatingly having a temperature of colder for a short period of time than -2 ° C and then exposed to a temperature of warmer than 0 ° C.
  • the pulsating pressure fluctuations generated in this way lead to such slight changes in pressure in the chamber that no overdimensioning of the chamber wall with regard to its stability or special opening or closing devices are stressed, since the side walls or Opening and closing devices of the conventional household cooling devices can withstand completely.
  • the special oscillating swirling movement of the particles of the gases, preferably air, flowing through the chamber with pulsating pressure fluctuations, uniform and rapidly occurring temperature changes can be generated in the entire chamber, before preservation for a long period of time grant.
  • the essence of the invention is that the gas (s) filling the closed chamber (s) through the chamber, further through an air duct (air ducts) and through an air-deflecting plate covering (air-deflecting plate coverings), or a perforated plate covering (perforated plate covering) is (are) allowed to flow continuously or intermittently with the insertion of a fan, with repeated closing and opening of an opening (openings) in the air duct (s) causing pulsating pressure fluctuations in the chamber Pressure values between 99.95 kPa and 100.05 kPa and with a frequency of at most 2 sec "" 1 are generated, the temperature of the gas (s) or of the air being measured continuously or intermittently and with the inclusion of a Thermostats anddekrei ⁇ ses is changed cyclically in such a way that the temperature in the chamber preferably everywhere with permissible deviations of at most ⁇ 0.5 ° C to a predetermined value below -2 ° C, then increased to a likewise predetermined value above 0
  • Process for storing plants, meat and other organic substances created, in which the product to be stored is brought into a closed, cooled chamber filled with gas (gases), preferably air, the chamber having a an evaporator cooling circuit is provided.
  • gas gas
  • a gravitational air flow is generated in the closed chamber by means of a perforated plate covering surrounding the interior of the closed chamber and separating the evaporator from the interior, the temperature of the gas (gases) or air being continuous is measured or interrupted and is changed cyclically with the insertion of a thermostat and cooling circuit in such a way that the temperature in the chamber preferably decreases everywhere with permissible deviations of at most ⁇ 0.5 ° C to a predetermined value below -2 ° C , is then increased to a likewise predetermined value above 0 ° C., the average frequency of the cyclical temperature change being at least 0.0002 sec -1 .
  • the temperature of the gases filling the chamber is changed in such a way that the frequency of the temperature change is increased when the smallest value of the temperature is reduced.
  • the gas (s) filling the closed chamber preferably air through the chamber and the air-deflecting plate covering (arranged air-deflecting plate coverings) arranged in the chamber. or perforated (perforated) plate covering (plate coverings) and the air duct (the air ducts) is (are) allowed to flow continuously or interrupted in one direction by inserting a fan.
  • the (the) the gas (s) filling the closed chamber preferably air during the cooling of the air space of the chamber in the direction of the evaporator of the cooling circuit, during the heating of the air space of the chamber, on the other hand, flow in an opposite direction.
  • Another method is such that the gas (s) filling the closed chamber (s) preferably air while cooling the air space of the chamber through the air-deflecting plate covering arranged in the chamber (arranged air-deflecting plate coverings), or the perforated plate coverings (perforated plate coverings) and the air duct (the air ducts) in the direction of the evaporator of the cooling circuit, when the air space of the chamber is heated, however, in an opposite direction Direction through an air duct arranged outside the chamber (arranged air ducts) is (are) allowed to flow.
  • cooling circuit is switched off at least once every 24 hours for a period of at least 30 minutes.
  • the products to be stored are placed in air-permeable containers arranged in the cooled chamber, which are preferably surrounded by linen with a moisture-absorbing layer, the containers being sprayed with water from the outside at predetermined intervals or in the water vapor chamber is blown in.
  • a device for storing plants, meat and other organic substances which has at least one cooled chamber for receiving the has stored products, which can be hermetically sealed with an openable sealing cover and contains a cooling circuit, a thermostat and a control circuit, wherein according to the invention a perforated plate covering is arranged in the lower part of the chamber, the chamber always opens into at least one air duct under the perforated plate covering, which is provided with a fan driven by an electric motor, the air duct preferably branching into two branches and / or being guided inside the chamber and / or outside the chamber the upper part of the chamber, at least one air duct branch is returned to the evaporator covered by the perforated plate covering of the cooling circuit by an air-deflecting plate covering, which is also located inside the chamber, so that an air duct branch preferably also opens into the upper space of the chamber, by means of a into the air duct junction e
  • the desired air duct can be closed or opened and a turn
  • the closed control circuit is connected to an electric motor driving the fan.
  • the closed control circuit regulating the temperature of the chambers is connected to a time measuring circuit device.
  • a perforated plate covering is arranged in the lower part of the chamber, under which the chamber opens into an air duct which leads out of the chamber and in which a turntable driven by an electric motor is installed, so that the air duct continues to be present is provided by a fan driven by an electric motor and in the upper part of the chamber leads back through an air-deflecting plate covering arranged in the upper part of the chamber to the evaporator of the cooling circuit covered with a perforated plate covering.
  • Device for storing plants, meat and other organic substances created which is provided with at least one cooled chamber for receiving the products to be stored, which can be hermetically sealed with an openable cover, the chamber having a cooling circuit provided with an evaporator , a thermostat and a control circuit are assigned, wherein according to the invention the interior of the chamber is surrounded by a perforated plate covering separating the evaporator from the interior.
  • the air-permeable containers which hold the products to be stored are arranged in the interior of the chamber and preferably have a moisture-absorbing layer Linen are wrapped.
  • the furchterssauger.de layer is preferably surrounded from the outside by a protective perforated outer wall (outer walls).
  • the invention based on
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a device for performing the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a further device according to the invention in which the air duct branches into two branches
  • FIG. 3 shows a further device with two
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a further device according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a temperature-time characteristic of the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows a front view of a container that can be used according to the invention for storing products
  • FIG. 8 shows a side view of the container shown in FIG. 7.
  • the device - in the further cooling device - has a chamber 15 provided, which can be closed with a sealing cover 3.
  • the products to be preserved can be arranged in the chamber 15, for example on support grids 14.
  • the chamber 15 and the sealing cover 3 are provided with thermal insulation 2 and between them a seal 17 ensures a hermetic seal and good thermal insulation.
  • a perforated plate covering 12 is arranged in the lower part of the chamber 15, under which the chamber 15 opens into an air duct 4.
  • the air duct 4 After the mouth, there is a turntable 7 driven by an electric motor, the speed of which is preferably 60 rpm (revolutions), furthermore approximately in the middle of the height of the cooling device 1, by an electric motor 6 driven fan 5 installed, then the air duct 4 leads through an air-deflecting plate covering 9 arranged inside the chamber 15 to the evaporator 8 of the cooling circuit covered with a perforated plate covering 10, as well as to the thermostat 11 located here.
  • the chamber 15 opens into an air duct, where a fan 22 driven by an electric motor 6 is built directly into the mouth and then at the mouth the air duct branches into two branches.
  • the air duct 18 - runs inside the chamber 15 and leads in the upper part of the chamber 15 through the air-deflecting plate covering 9 also arranged inside the chamber 15 to the one covered with the perforated plate covering 10 Evaporator 8 of the cooling circuit back, while the other branch - according to the figure the air duct 4 - leads outside the chamber 15 and opens into the upper air space of the chamber 15.
  • any of the air duct branches can be closed or opened, thereby ensuring that when the air space of the chamber 15 is cooled, the pulsating flow of the gases through the air duct 18 takes place, or when the air space of the chamber 15 is heated the likewise pulsating flow of the gases is realized through the air duct 4 arranged outside the chamber 15, as a result of which both the cooling process and the heating process can be significantly accelerated.
  • the pulsating pressure fluctuation of the gases in both air channels 4, 18 is generated by turntables 7 which are placed on a common axis 19 driven by an electric motor 20.
  • a turntable 7 which is driven independently of one another by a separate electric motor can also be installed in each of the two air ducts 4, 18, whereby the rotation of the turntable which is located in the air duct 4 closed by the solenoid valve 21 is interrupted by these turntables 7. 18 is located.
  • the structure of the device shown in FIG. 3 is essentially similar to that of the device shown in FIG. The difference is there only in the mode of operation of the fan 22, in the solution shown in FIG. 3, the flow of the gases when the air space of the chamber 15 is cooled in the direction of the evaporator 8 of the cooling circuit, by contrast when the air space of the chamber 15 is heated Change in the direction of rotation of the fan 22 in the opposite direction.
  • the temperature of the air space of the chamber 15 changes cyclically depending on the time.
  • the cooling or heating follows the diagram in a regular sequence according to one another. If the cooling, or heating in cycles, the duration of which is less than half an hour, follow one another, the axis of symmetry 23 of the temperature-time curve is preferably below the time axis according to the following rule:
  • the symmetry axis 23 should intersect the temperature axis at a lower value, but preferably above -1 ° C;
  • the temperature of the air space of the chamber should reach at least 0.5 ° C in each heating cycle and should not fall below -4 ° C in any cooling cycle.
  • the cooling device 1 is provided with a chamber 15 which can be closed by a closure cover 3, the interior of which is surrounded by a perforated plate covering 12.
  • the perforated plate covering 12 separates the evaporator 8 of the cooling circuit from the interior of the chamber 15. Between the evaporator 8 and the perforated plate covering 12 there is an air gap.
  • the cooling device 1 is of course also provided with a cooling circuit, thermostat and control circuit, which are not shown in the figure.
  • the cooling device 1 shown in FIG. 5 functions according to the invention as follows:
  • This solution is advantageous for chambers with a small volume, for example household refrigerators.
  • the implementation of this solution does not require high costs and the preservation result that can be achieved is far better than with known cooling devices. This can be seen on the one hand in the longer preservation period and on the other hand in the better quality of the preserved products.
  • FIG. 6 shows a temperature-time diagram, from which it can be seen that during the preservation the measure of the successive hot and cold impulses can be chosen to an almost unlimited size depending on the time.
  • the preservation (storage) of peppers, green parsley, lettuce, etc. can be carried out in such a way that the temperature of the chamber is reduced to -3 ° C in such a way that the cooling takes a maximum of 18 minutes, after which the The temperature of the chamber is increased to a value between +2 ° C and +4 ° C.
  • the heating also takes place within 18-20 minutes.
  • the preservation leads to a similar result if the temperature of the chamber is reduced, for example, to -5 ° C, but only for a period of 8 minutes and then heated to +3 ° C, +6 ° C . From the diagram it can be seen that the system can also be operated at temperatures between -2 ° C and +2 ° C, but in this case the duration of the preservation is shorter and the quality of the products deteriorates.
  • the products to be preserved can also be stored in containers which are arranged in the chamber 15. Such containers are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the container consists of two parts, a lower container part 24 and a lid 25.
  • the container is preferably made of plastic, for example PVC, polyamide, etc.
  • the lid 25 can be removed from the lower container part 24 or be put back on it.
  • the inner walls 29 of the lower container part 24 and the lid 25 which touch the products are provided with a perforation.
  • the inner walls 29 are surrounded on the outside with a moisture-absorbing layer 28, which is preferably made of textile, for example cotton, fabrics or non-woven, for example carded, non-woven cotton layers, etc. is.
  • the moisture-absorbing layer 28 is preferably protected from all sides with a third layer, an outer wall 26 or walls in order to avoid external damage, impurities.
  • the outer wall 26 (walls) are also preferably provided with a perforation 27.
  • the moisture-absorbing layer covering the container from the outside not only releases the moisture to the products, but is also capable of absorbing the excess moisture. In this way it is automatically ensured that the products are surrounded by an optimal air humidity (an air space with optimal air humidity), without this having to be regulated separately from the outside, or that the air in the chamber is continuously measured from the outside and you Moisture content would have to be changed constantly. This would be an unsolvable task anyway, since the different products require a different moisture content and the moisture requirement of the products changes depending on the duration of storage.
  • the use of the product-storing container ensures, for example, the corresponding moisture content of the microclimate for leafy products such as lettuce, parsley, etc.
  • the product-storing containers are dependent on the type of to spray stored products from the outside with water at times.
  • spraying with water can take place once every two to three days, in the case of meaty fruits, vegetables, tomatoes, radishes, etc., once per 5 to 7 days.
  • Spraying with water can be carried out manually or by means of spray systems which have been removed at the storage locations, possibly in the case of larger storage spaces by automatically switching on and off. After spraying, the water which has flowed off and is collected on the floor and then cleaned can be passed back into the system with the aid of a compressor and used again for spraying. All solutions of course, the 'cyclical variation of the invention the temperature is very important.
  • the containers can be arranged on racks or shelves.
  • the moistening can also be carried out in such a way that water vapor is blown into the chamber. Since the moisture content of the water vapor is deposited on the outer cold walls, the necessary humidification can be ensured. It is also important that no control of the moisture content is required with this solution, since neither with excessive spraying nor with excessive blowing of water vapor into the chamber is there a risk that the products will be immediately moistened , because in the case when the moisture-absorbing layer is saturated with moisture, the excess water flows out of the container onto the floor.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se caractérise en ce que les gaz qui remplissent la chambre fermée (15) sont insufflés en continu ou par intermittence par un ventilateur (5) à travers un canal d'écoulement d'air (4) et à travers une plaque de revêtement (9) déviant l'air, ou une plaque de revêtement perforée (10). En fermant et en ouvrant de manière répétée une ouverture du canal d'écoulement d'air, on génère dans la chambre des fluctuations pulsatoires de la pression comprises entre 99,95 kPa et 100,05 kPa, à une fréquence maximum de 2 sec-1. La température du gaz ou de l'air est mesurée en continu ou par intermittence et modifiée cycliquement au moyen d'un thermostat (11) et d'un circuit de refroidissement, cela afin de réduire la température de préférence partout dans la chambre jusqu'à une température prédéterminée inférieure à -2 °C, avec des écarts admissibles de U0,5 °C au maximum, puis la température est augmentée jusqu'à une valeur également prédéterminée supérieure à 0 °C, la fréquence moyenne des fluctuations cycliques de la température étant égale à au moins 0,0002 sec-1.
PCT/HU1994/000005 1993-03-16 1994-03-10 Procede et dispositif de stockage de vegetaux, de viande et d'autres matieres organiques WO1994021146A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU63852/94A AU6385294A (en) 1993-03-16 1994-03-10 Process and device for storing vegetables, meat and other organic materials

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU9300736A HU9300736D0 (en) 1993-03-16 1993-03-16 Method for storing plants, meat sorts and other organic materials
HUP9300736 1993-11-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994021146A1 true WO1994021146A1 (fr) 1994-09-29

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ID=10983347

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/HU1994/000005 WO1994021146A1 (fr) 1993-03-16 1994-03-10 Procede et dispositif de stockage de vegetaux, de viande et d'autres matieres organiques

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HU (1) HU9300736D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994021146A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996018314A1 (fr) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-20 Comtherm És Tsa, Kereskedelmi Kft. Procede et installation d'entreposage de produits alimentaires, de plantes, de viande et d'autres matieres organiques
WO1996024260A2 (fr) * 1995-02-07 1996-08-15 Binair Groep B.V. Procede et appareil pour mettre un fluide en ecoulement autour de fruits et legumes frais
ES2161568A1 (es) * 1996-03-29 2001-12-01 Agraria De Transformacion S A Sistema alpi de refrigeracion rapida para frutas, vegetales enteros o partes y otros productos.
ES2163341A2 (es) * 1998-07-13 2002-01-16 Tecn Frigorificas Hermanos Cat Sistema de preenfriamiento y calentamiento de productos por depresion de aire.

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3958028A (en) * 1972-04-20 1976-05-18 Grumman Allied Industries, Inc. Low temperature hypobaric storage of metabolically active matter
US5077009A (en) * 1988-06-08 1991-12-31 Zelsa Patentverwertung Gmbh Method for preserving perishable organic matter

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3958028A (en) * 1972-04-20 1976-05-18 Grumman Allied Industries, Inc. Low temperature hypobaric storage of metabolically active matter
US5077009A (en) * 1988-06-08 1991-12-31 Zelsa Patentverwertung Gmbh Method for preserving perishable organic matter

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996018314A1 (fr) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-20 Comtherm És Tsa, Kereskedelmi Kft. Procede et installation d'entreposage de produits alimentaires, de plantes, de viande et d'autres matieres organiques
WO1996024260A2 (fr) * 1995-02-07 1996-08-15 Binair Groep B.V. Procede et appareil pour mettre un fluide en ecoulement autour de fruits et legumes frais
WO1996024260A3 (fr) * 1995-02-07 1996-10-17 Binair Groep Bv Procede et appareil pour mettre un fluide en ecoulement autour de fruits et legumes frais
ES2161568A1 (es) * 1996-03-29 2001-12-01 Agraria De Transformacion S A Sistema alpi de refrigeracion rapida para frutas, vegetales enteros o partes y otros productos.
ES2163341A2 (es) * 1998-07-13 2002-01-16 Tecn Frigorificas Hermanos Cat Sistema de preenfriamiento y calentamiento de productos por depresion de aire.
ES2164512A1 (es) * 1998-07-13 2002-02-16 Tecn Frigorificas Hermanos Cat Primera adicion a la patente n-981491 por sistema de preenfriamiento y calentamiento de productos por depresion de aire.

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Publication number Publication date
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