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WO1994020193A1 - Systeme de purification de gaz - Google Patents

Systeme de purification de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994020193A1
WO1994020193A1 PCT/US1994/002312 US9402312W WO9420193A1 WO 1994020193 A1 WO1994020193 A1 WO 1994020193A1 US 9402312 W US9402312 W US 9402312W WO 9420193 A1 WO9420193 A1 WO 9420193A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sorbent
assembly
filter
particulate
medium
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1994/002312
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Donald H. White
Vlado I. Matkovich
Original Assignee
Pall Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pall Corporation filed Critical Pall Corporation
Priority to AU64035/94A priority Critical patent/AU6403594A/en
Publication of WO1994020193A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994020193A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
    • B01J20/2808—Pore diameter being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2003—Glass or glassy material
    • B01D39/2017—Glass or glassy material the material being filamentary or fibrous
    • B01D39/202—Glass or glassy material the material being filamentary or fibrous sintered or bonded by inorganic agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B01D46/0036—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions by adsorption or absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B01D46/12—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces in multiple arrangements
    • B01D46/121—V-type arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/52—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material
    • B01D46/521—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material using folded, pleated material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0415—Beds in cartridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28028—Particles immobilised within fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28052—Several layers of identical or different sorbents stacked in a housing, e.g. in a column
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/306—Alkali metal compounds of potassium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/104—Alumina
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
    • B01D2253/11—Clays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/202—Polymeric adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/25—Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
    • B01D2253/302—Dimensions
    • B01D2253/304—Linear dimensions, e.g. particle shape, diameter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
    • B01D2253/34—Specific shapes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/90—Odorous compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/708
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/93—Toxic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/708
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
    • B01D2259/4575—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means in aeroplanes or space ships
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0446—Means for feeding or distributing gases

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to a gas purification system. More particularly, the invention is related to a particulate assembly for removing particulate contaminants and a sorbent assembly for removing odorous and/or toxic contaminants from the air in the cabin of an aircraft. The invention is also related to various sorbing media for removing odorous and/or toxic gases.
  • BACKGROUND ART Numerous materials and devices of varying design are available for the removal of contaminants from gaseous fluids such as air.
  • the contaminants range from those which are mildly offensive or odorous to others which are highly toxic.
  • Removal applications range from removal of particulates and/or gases resulting from industrial processes being exhausted to the environment at large to the purification of air being introduced from the environment at large to both large and small confined areas, such as homes and office buildings.
  • Another application is the purification of air to remove odorous, toxic and particulate contaminants from air being recycled within an enclosed and isolated area, such as that of the passenger compartment or cabin of an aircraft.
  • the cabin of an aircraft is unique in at least one respect from other passenger carrying compartments or even confined areas generally.
  • An adequate system used for the removal of airborne contaminants from an aircraft cabin should be capable of removing both particulate contaminants, such as microorganisms, particulates from tobacco smoke, and fibers from clothing, carpets and upholstery, as well as odorous and toxic gases, such as those present in tobacco smoke, byproducts and degradation products of the materials used in the construction of the aircraft, cooking odors and aircraft fuel.
  • a purification system which achieves these objects would also have the concomitant effect of requiring less air to be supplied from the engine compressor stage and thereby resulting in fuel savings and lower operating costs.
  • a low pressure drop or differential across the sorption material or medium and the filter medium is highly desirable. While liquids containing one or more reagents may be highly effective in removing gaseous contaminants, by their very nature they are practical only in laboratory or other settings where trained personnel are available to handle or change the active component. Beds of solid sorbents, such as activated carbon and molecular sieves, have proven quite effective and much easier to handle in many applications. They may be used in perforated canisters of the disposable type or those in which the contents may be replaced and/or regenerated.
  • Contaminants are removed from air most efficiently by media or material having large surface areas. Given the strict space requirements in enclosed compartments such as aircraft cabins, it is difficult to realize sorption media or material and/or filter media which have large surface areas while having compact construction.
  • the present invention is directed to an air purification system for removing contaminants from a fluid stream such as air.
  • the air purification system includes an air purification assembly which removes contaminants from the air.
  • a feature of the present invention is that the air purification assembly includes pleated modules.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that the pleated modules also increase the surface area of the medium.
  • the present invention is further directed to gas sorbing media capable of removing gases, particularly odorous and toxic gases, from a fluid stream, such as air.
  • the media of the invention include a non-woven fibrous mat which is adhesively coated with fine, inorganic, microporous sorbent particles. A predominant number of the particles have particle sizes less than about 35 ⁇ and are impregnated with a gas removal agent.
  • Preferred as the microporous sorbent particle of the present invention are alumina particles and preferred as the gas removal agent is a permanganate.
  • the present invention is also directed to a method of making such gas sorbing media and to purification assemblies which include such gas sorbing media.
  • a preferred embodiment of such an assembly includes a first or upstream stage which is provided for removal of particulate matter.
  • the purification assembly includes a second or downstream stage which is provided with a gas- sorbing medium of the type described immediately above. Further, the present invention is directed to a purification system which comprises a particulate assembly for removing particulate contaminants and a sorbent assembly for removing gaseous contaminants.
  • the particulate assembly includes a pleated filter medium.
  • the sorbent assembly is in fluid communication with the particulate assembly and includes a pleated sorbing medium.
  • the present invention is also directed to a purification system for the cabin of an aircraft.
  • the purification system includes a purification assembly having a housing and two or more pleated modules mounted to the housing.
  • the purification system further includes a ventilation apparatus coupled to the purification assembly and having a blower arranged to circulate air between the cabin of the aircraft and the purification assembly.
  • the purification system may further include a particulate assembly for removing particulate contaminants and a sorbent assembly for removing gaseous contaminants.
  • the particulate assembly may be positioned upstream from the sorbent assembly to prevent particulates from clogging of the sorbent assembly.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of the air purification system of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a particulate assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the air purification assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the air purification assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of the air purification assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram of a fourth embodiment of the air purification assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram of a fifth embodiment of the air purification assembly of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is an air purification system for the cabin of an aircraft in accordance with the present invention.
  • the system generally comprises a blower 10 for circulating air through the cabin 12 and a duct arrangement, such as an inlet duct 14 and an outlet duct 16, for directing air between the blower 10 and the cabin 12.
  • the cabin, the blower, and the duct arrangement are of the type typically found in an aircraft.
  • the air purification system further comprises an air purification assembly 18 which is coupled in the duct arrangement between the blower 10 and the cabin 12 to purify air circulated through the cabin 12.
  • the air purification assembly 18 includes a particulate assembly 20 and a sorbent assembly 22.
  • the particulate assembly is especially effective in removing particulate matter, preferably including microorganisms, from a gas, such as air.
  • the sorbent assembly 22 is especially effective in removing odor-causing substances and other undesirable substances from air and/or rendering them innocuous.
  • the air purification assembly 18 is illustrated in black box form with the particulate assembly 20 preferably disposed upstream from the sorbent assembly 22.
  • the particulate assembly 20 comprises a plurality of removable filter modules 30 disposed in a housing 32.
  • the configuration and dimensions of the housing as well as the configuration, dimensions, and number of the filter modules may vary depending, for example, on the space and air flow requirements of the aircraft.
  • the housing 32 may include an inlet side 34 with one or more openings and an outlet side 36 with one or more openings, one or both of which are removably attached to one or more impervious side walls.
  • the housing thus defines a gas flow path from the inlet side to the outlet side.
  • the housing is generally configured as a parallelepiped with the inlet side opposite the outlet side.
  • the filter modules 30 may be variously arranged within the housing.
  • adjacent filter modules 30 may be mounted within the housing so that adjacent modules are parallel to one another and form a generally U- shaped design.
  • adjacent filter modules 30 are mounted within the housing in a V-shaped design, as shown in Figure 2.
  • each pair of adjacent modules form a bight and an opening which communicates with the inlet openings or the outlet openings of the housing.
  • Adjacent filter modules 30 may be contiguous at one end and spaced from each other at the other end.
  • the filter modules 30 may preferably be arranged in a U- or V-shaped design in which the opening between adjacent filter modules 30 at the inlet side 34 is larger than the opening between adjacent filter modules 30 at the outlet side 36.
  • the distance between adjacent filter modules 30 at the inlet opening may be as much as twice the distance between adjacent filter modules 30 at the outlet opening. Up to 40 or more filter modules may be mounted within the housing.
  • Each filter module 30 preferably includes a pleated filter panel 38 which defines an envelope configured as a parallelepiped and has an upstream surface which communicates with an inlet opening and a downstream surface which communicates with an outlet opening.
  • Each filter panel 38 includes a porous filter medium for removing particulates, preferably including microorganisms, and may further include a support and/or drainage material along one or both sides of the filter medium.
  • porous filter media may be used, including porous foams, porous membranes, and woven or non-woven fibrous materials formed, for example, from a polymeric material.
  • porous filter media for use in aircraft preferably have a prescribed degree of flame resistance and are preferably relatively light weight. Consequently, a preferred filter medium comprises glass fibers.
  • a suitable filter medium having sufficient flame resistance is a fibrous depth filter medium made of a porous, non-woven, resin-impregnated glass fiber material.
  • a fibrous depth filter medium made of a porous, non-woven, resin-impregnated glass fiber material.
  • any other type of porous medium that is capable of meeting the flame resistance standards set forth for materials for the inside of aircraft can be used.
  • the effective pore rating of the filter medium may vary and can be chosen based on factors such as pressure drop across the filter panel, dirt capacity of the filter panel, and the nature of the particulate matter to be removed.
  • the filter medium is preferably at least HEPA rated (i.e., has a minimum efficiency of 99.97% for 0.3 ⁇ particles of monodispersed dioctylphthalate) and is preferably hydrophobic.
  • the filter panel 38 Space within the cabin of an aircraft is severely limited so it is generally desirable to increase the available surface area of the filter panel 38 within a given envelope. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways, including by using the U- or V- shaped design, increasing the depth of the pleats, or increasing the pitch of the pleats. Preferably, the pleats have a depth of less than about 1 inch. Most preferably, the depth is about .35 inches.
  • the pitch of the filter panels 38 may be as high as 18 pleats per inch or more. For flimsy filter panels, it can be difficult to maintain separation of the pleats and the structure of the filter panel.
  • one or more combs 40 may be engaged with the upstream surface and/or the downstream surface of the filter panels 38, as depicted in FIG. 2.
  • Each tooth 42 of a comb 40 is disposed between adjacent pleats to maintain separation of the pleats and immobilize the pleats, and the spine 44 of the comb 40 supports and provides structural integrity to the filter panel.
  • separation can be maintained between the pleats by joining one or more strips of a material, such as a hot melt adhesive, along the peaks of the pleats as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,098,767, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • each filter module 30 further comprises a frame 46 which preferably borders the pleated filter panel.
  • the frame 46 may enhance the structural integrity of the filter module, e.g., by making the module more rigid.
  • Each comb 40 may be attached to the frame 46 to even further enhance the structural integrity of the filter module.
  • the frame may be variously configured, but in the illustrated embodiment it includes four edge members: an inlet edge member 48, an outlet edge member 50, and two end edge members 52, 54. The edge members are preferably sealed to one another and to the pleated filter panel in any convenient manner which prevents bypass of unfiltered air around the pleated filter panel.
  • the inlet edge member and the outlet edge member may be very similar.
  • each may comprise a pair of opposing L-shaped members 60.
  • One L-shaped member 60 may include a socket 62 at each end while the other includes a post 64 at each end which may fit within, e.g., snap-fit within, the corresponding socket 62.
  • This post-and-socket relationship may be used to connect and properly position adjacent filter modules 30.
  • Sandwiched between and bonded to the L-shaped members is a clip member 66 which grips and seals in any convenient manner the flap 67 of the pleated filter panel 38.
  • the clip member 66 may also include a ridge 68 which engages a seal 70, such as a flat elastomeric seal attached to the housing, to prevent bypass of the unfiltered air between the filter module and the housing.
  • the end edge members 52, 54 are preferably joined to the inlet and outlet edge members 48, 50 in any suitable manner which provides a strong, rigid frame to support the filter panel.
  • the end edge members 52, 54 are also joined to the pleated end faces of the filter panel 38 in any suitable manner.
  • the end edge members may be bonded to the pleated end of the filter panel 38 using a potting compound or an adhesive or a solvent or by melt-bonding or welding the end edge members to the pleated end face.
  • a seal (not shown) may be coupled between each end edge member 52, 54 and the side wall of the housing to prevent bypass of the unfiltered air between the filter module and the housing.
  • the filter modules 30 are connected to one another by the post- and-socket relationship of the frame members and are positively sealed to the housing by means of the seals between the frame members and the housing.
  • the removable filter modules 30 may be mounted and sealed to the housing in a variety of ways.
  • opposing frame members may include ridges which slide within a corresponding pair of grooves in the housing, or vice versa.
  • the seal between each filter module and the housing may be effected by an interference fit between the filter module and the housing.
  • the sorbent assembly comprises a sorbing medium which is capable of removing gases, particularly odorous and/or toxic gases, from a flow of fluid such as air.
  • gases particularly as they refer to pollutants include not only those substances normally existing in the gas phase at and somewhat below room temperature but also to the vapors of substances which normally exist as liquids but are somewhat volatile under similar conditions.
  • fibers and “filaments”, as used herein, have the same meaning: elongated strands or threads of flexible material.
  • the sorbing medium preferably comprises a mat of fibers or filaments and particles of a sorbent material which are impregnated with a gas removal agent and which are bonded to each fiber by an adhesive.
  • the fibers or filaments of the sorbing medium of the present invention may be formed from polymeric materials, both natural and synthetic.
  • the fibers of the sorbing medium of the present invention may be treated with a fire retardant. Straight, non-porous, continuous fibers are preferred, particularly for the synthetic materials, in contrast to crimped fibers which tend to increase the pressure drop ( ⁇ P) across the sorbing medium. Suitable for use in the sorbing medium of the present invention are fibers having diameters ranging from about 15 ⁇ m to about 40 ⁇ m.
  • the mats of a sorbing medium of the present invention are preferably formed as non-woven fibrous mats. They serve as a matrix or substrate for the sorbent material. When the fibers forming the mat are made of a synthetic material, they are preferably spun-bonded from the synthetic fibers which are randomly arranged.
  • the fibers are also preferably bonded to one another at some of the fiber to fiber contact points or junctions. This is the form particularly preferred for the spun-bonded Reemay® mats. Alternatively, the mats may be formed from mechanically entangled fibers, particularly when naturally occurring materials are used.
  • Sorbent materials suitable for use in a sorbing medium of the present invention are inorganic, microporous, fine powder sorbents. These include alumina, silica gel, adsorbent clays, such as
  • the sorbent material is alumina and most preferred are activated, amorphous transition aluminas. Typically, these aluminas have surface areas as measured by the B.E.T. method (described in U.S. Patent No. 4,925,572) of about 250 to about 350 m 2 /g. Preferred are aluminas having a B.E.T. surface area of about 325 m 2 /g.
  • Suitable for use in a sorbing medium of the present invention are sorbents having particle sizes up to about 35 ⁇ m.
  • the particle sizes of the sorbent materials are, on average, no larger than the diameter of the fibers employed in the web.
  • the preferred ratio of the diameter of the fiber employed to the average particle size is about 3:1.
  • Microporous sorbent materials having average particle sizes of no more than about 20 ⁇ m are preferred and most preferred are those materials wherein about 95% of the particles have particle sizes of 10 ⁇ m or less.
  • the activated alumina preferred in a sorbing medium of the present invention typically has an average particle size of about 3 to about 7 ⁇ m.
  • Suitable pore sizes of the pores in the sorbent materials of the sorbing medium of the present invention are preferably those which permit sorption of both gases and liquids. Accordingly, the pore sizes preferably range from about 8 to about 100 angstroms and most preferred are those materials, particularly activated alumina, having pore sizes of about 20 to about 50 angstroms. When a molecular sieve is used, those designated as 13 X, having pore sizes of about 8 angstroms, are suitably employed.
  • Materials most preferred as the gas removal agent are those substances which may be introduced to the pores of the sorbent materials without adversely affecting any component of the medium, including the sorbent, the fibrous mat, and the adhesive.
  • the gas removal agents are inorganic materials which react with a gaseous component removed from the fluid passing through the sorbing medium by a chemical reaction such as an oxidation/reduction reaction or an acid/base reaction. Such reactions are effective for removing most odorous and toxic gases.
  • a chemical reaction such as an oxidation/reduction reaction or an acid/base reaction.
  • Such reactions are effective for removing most odorous and toxic gases.
  • the sorbing medium or the sorbent assembly may be recycled when the potassium permanganate is spent.
  • the Mn0 4 " ion is reduced in service to a water insoluble product.
  • the insoluble product may be reduced further to a water soluble material which may be easily removed from the sorbing medium.
  • the spent sorbing medium or sorbent assembly may be soaked for a period of about 20 minutes to about one hour in an aqueous solution containing by weight at least 5.0% sodium bisulfate and at least 2.5% oxalic acid in proportions of approximately 2:1, respectively.
  • the sorbing medium or sorbent assembly may then be rinsed and retreated with potassium permanganate.
  • any adhesive which does not react adversely either with the other components of the system i.e., the gas removal agent, such as potassium permanganate, the sorbent or gaseous components to which the medium is expected to be exposed
  • the gas removal agent such as potassium permanganate, the sorbent or gaseous components to which the medium is expected to be exposed
  • suitable adhesives include but are not limited to vinyl acetate polymer, latex polymer, and acrylic polymer based adhesives. The latter include derivatives of acrylic acid, such as polymers employing acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides and acrylic acid polymers as well as copolymers and terpolymers formed from such "acrylic" monomers and other monomers, typically unsaturated monomers, such as styrene.
  • the gas sorbing media of the present invention include non-woven fibrous mats in which, when synthetic materials are used, preferably the fibers are bonded to one another at fiber to fiber contact points or fiber junctions forming a spun bonded mat.
  • Each of the fibers is adhesively coated with microporous sorbent particles, preferably activated alumina particles.
  • gas sorbing particles which are of a very fine average particle size, are impregnated with a gas sorbing or removal agent, preferably potassium permanganate.
  • the sorbing media of the present invention may be prepared by a relatively simple multi-step procedure. Initially, the sorbent particles and adhesive are added either simultaneously or sequentially to a large vat of water at ambient temperature. The sorbent particles are added at a rate of about 50 to about 100 lbs (about 22.7 kg to about 45.4 kg), preferably about 75 lbs (about 34 kg), per 100 gallons (378.5 liters) of water. The adhesive is added at a rate of about 0.5 to about 1 liter of monomer, preferably about 0.7 liter, per 100 gallons (378.5 liters) of water. The vat, provided with a mixer, is mixed during and after the sorbent material and adhesive are added.
  • the mixture is pumped to a second vat where the fibrous mat of the invention is either dipped in a batch treatment process or is fed continuously through the vat in a continuous process.
  • the adhesive and sorbent particle slurry could be sprayed on the mat.
  • the mat is treated at a rate of about 2 to about 4 ounces of sorbent per square yard of mat (about 68 to about 136 g/m 2 ) , preferably about 3 ounces/yd 2 (102 g/m 2 ) when a mat is formed from the preferred 24 ⁇ m - 28 ⁇ m fibers.
  • the amount of sorbent used may be adjusted as discussed above.
  • the sorbent-impregnated mat is then dried by placing the mat in or passing it through an oven or heater at a temperature and duration suitable to dry the mat and cure the adhesive.
  • the temperature or range of temperature and time should be sufficient to cure the synthetic polymeric adhesive but not high enough to melt the fibers forming the mat. Typically this is at a temperature of about 200 to about 350°F (about 93 to about 177°C) for about 10 to about 20 hours.
  • a temperature of about 240 to about 325°F (about 115 to about 163°C) is used, most preferably a temperature of about 250°F (about 120°C) and a time of about 14 hours is used.
  • a heating program of 2 hours at 325°F (163°C) , 3 hours at 280°F (138°C) and 9 hours at 240°F (116°C) is preferred for the preferred composition discussed immediately.
  • the sorbent impregnated mat is contacted with an aqueous solution of a gas removal agent, preferably potassium permanganate, either by immersing the mat in a tank of the gas removal agent in a batch process or passing the coated mat through a vat containing the gas removal agent.
  • a gas removal agent preferably potassium permanganate
  • concentration of gas removal agent is about 5 to about 10 grams per 100 ml of solution.
  • concentration of the permanganate is about 5 to about 10 g/100 ml.
  • a saturated solution e.g., 6.3 g/100 ml solution at 20°C
  • the medium After removing the mat from the permanganate solution, the medium is dried without rinsing.
  • the final concentration of potassium permanganate in the medium is, by weight, about 3% to about 7%, preferably about 4% to about 5%, based on the weight of the inorganic sorbent particles.
  • the treatment of the sorbent-immobilized mat with a gas removal agent may be conducted, like the sorbent immobilization step, either batchwise or in a continuous process by either spraying the solution of gas removal agent onto the sorbent-immobilized mat or by immersing or drawing the sorbent- immobilized mat through the solution of gas removal agent.
  • Preferred periods of immersion or contact between the mat and the solution in a continuous process are about 5 to about 30 minutes, preferably 15 minutes.
  • the sorbing medium of the present invention When used as a material for sorbing odorous and toxic gases, the sorbing medium of the present invention may be incorporated into filtration units, devices and systems in a variety of configurations and arrangements. Further, the sorbing medium may be provided with a coarse support and/or drainage medium on either or both of the upstream and downstream sides of the sorbing medium to provide flow passages and reduce pressure loss. In its simplest form, the sorbing medium may be used in single uncalendared flat sheets. Alternatively, prior to assembly, the sorbing medium may preferably be calendared and assembled as single or multiple layers or sheets, calendaring taking place either before or after assembly of the plurality of layers or sheets.
  • a sorbing medium of the present invention may have thicknesses ranging from about 5 to about 15 mils (about 127 to about 380 ⁇ m) .
  • a multilayer sorbing medium of the present invention may have thicknesses of about 10 to about 30 mils
  • a preferred embodiment employs a multilayer sorbing medium consisting of three layers, each layer originally having a thickness of about 10 mils (254 ⁇ m) .
  • the 30 mil (762 ⁇ m) triple-layer sorbing medium is calendared to achieve a final thickness of about 18 mils (457 ⁇ m) . This is the preferred rate of calendaring, to achieve a final product of about 50% to about 75% of the thickness of the original uncalendared material.
  • Another preferred embodiment of a sorbing medium of the invention comprises the triple-layer calendared sorbing medium discussed immediately above in which the intermediate layer is perforated.
  • the intermediate, perforated layer may include apertures of varying shapes.
  • the apertures may be formed as circular or oval holes or as slits or slots.
  • the intermediate layer may be formed of continuous strips juxtaposed in spaced relationship to one another to provide spaces therebetween.
  • a most preferred embodiment is one which includes a perforated intermediate layer in which up to about 30%, preferably about 10% of the material is removed by hole punching.
  • the holes range from about 0.25 to about 1 inch (about 0.65 to about 2.5 cm) in diameter, preferably about 0.5 inch (about 1.25 cm) in diameter.
  • This arrangement in which the intermediate layer is provided with openings shows an increase in the velocity of the gas entering the sorbing medium in the regions where apertures are provided in the intermediate layer and lower velocities in those regions of the sorbing medium where the intermediate layer is imperforate.
  • the result of providing apertures in the intermediate layer is a lower overall ⁇ P and a longer service life for the medium.
  • the sorbing medium is folded or preferably pleated or corrugated.
  • Pleating of the sorbing medium may be performed by an in-line corrugator or a blade type corrugator.
  • most of the active surface area which provide the effective gas sorption and treatment is determined by the surface area of the microporous, solid sorbent particles (which includes both the outer surface and the pores of each particle)
  • the surface area of the sorbing medium as a whole is improved by a pleated arrangement.
  • This pleated arrangement may take the form of a pleated panel in which the peaks (and troughs) of each pleat are arranged in a plane.
  • the pleated panel may then be formed into a sorbent module by attaching frame members to the edges of the pleated panel in a manner similar to that described for the filter modules of the particulate assembly.
  • the pleats of the pleated sheet may be characterized as "micropleats".
  • the micropleated sheet may then be formed into a macropleated structure in which each leg of the macropleated structure is formed from the micropleated sheet and in which the axes of the micropleats and macropleats are parallel.
  • the micropleated sheet is optionally formed with a bending radius no greater than a critical radius and/or is stabilized by a bead of adhesive across the peaks of the micropleats is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,098,767 to Linnersten, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the sorbing medium may be sealed within a housing.
  • the sorbing medium may also be formed into a cylindrical configuration in which the sorbing medium is arranged coaxially with respect to the axis of the cylinder.
  • the sorbent assembly includes endcaps at either end of the cylindrical, sorbing medium one or both of which may be provided with an opening to serve either as a fluid inlet or a fluid outlet, depending upon whether the device is used for inside-out fluid flow or outside-in fluid flow.
  • the sorbing medium may be arranged in a flat cylindrical configuration or a pleated cylindrical configuration.
  • the air purification assembly may include a particulate assembly as previously described but not include a sorbent assembly.
  • the air purification assembly may include a sorbent assembly as previously described but not include a particulate assembly.
  • the air purification assembly may include both a particulate assembly and a sorbent assembly, the sorbent assembly preferably being placed downstream from the particulate assembly.
  • the particulate assembly has a larger surface area and different flow characteristics than the sorbent assembly.
  • the particulate assembly can remove particulates from the air which would otherwise quickly foul the sorbent assembly.
  • the particulates being removed would not easily foul the sorbent assembly, then it is possible for the sorbent assembly to be positioned upstream from the particulate assembly.
  • the particulate assembly 20 and the sorbent assembly 22 may each comprise separate units connected to one another in the duct arrangement.
  • the particulate assembly may be arranged as shown in Figure 2 and the sorbent assembly may be arranged in the micropleat/macropleat configuration previously described.
  • the housings of the particulate and sorbent assemblies could then be fastened together with the outlet of the particulate assembly communicating with the inlet of the sorbent assembly.
  • the particulate assembly unit and the sorbent assembly unit could be spaced from each other in the duct arrangement.
  • the particulate assembly and the sorbent assembly may be integrally combined in a single housing.
  • the filter modules previously described may be combined with the sorbent modules previously described in a variety of configurations.
  • a plurality of filter modules F are disposed in a multiple V-shaped design and placed within a housing (not shown) .
  • At least one sorbent module S is positioned downstream from each particulate filter module F disposed in the housing.
  • the filter modules F and the sorbent modules S may be connected to each other and/or to the housing in any convenient manner.
  • the modules may be removably mounted to each other and/or to the housing as previously described.
  • the housing may include baffles 100 which direct the air from the filter module F to the sorbent module S.
  • each particulate filter module have a sorbent module associated with it.
  • every other filter module may be associated with a sorbent module.
  • a sorbent module S may be associated with both legs of every other pair of V-shaped filter modules F in the housing, as shown in Fig. 6.
  • a sorbent module S is associated with every filter module F but the sorbent module S is smaller than the filter module F, as shown in Fig. 7. All of the air passing through the air purification system shown in Figs. 6 and 7 passes through the filter module F but only part of the air passes through the sorbent module S.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble de purification (18) comprenant un ensemble de particules (20) servant à supprimer les contaminants sous forme de particules et un ensemble de sorption (22) servant à supprimer les contaminants gazeux. L'ensemble de particules (18) comprend un moyen filtrant plissé (38) et l'ensemble de sorption (22) comprend un moyen de sorption plissé, tel qu'un matelas de fibres sur lequel un matériau sorbant adhère au moyen d'un adhésif.
PCT/US1994/002312 1993-03-05 1994-03-02 Systeme de purification de gaz WO1994020193A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU64035/94A AU6403594A (en) 1993-03-05 1994-03-02 Gas purification system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US2749793A 1993-03-05 1993-03-05
US08/027,497 1993-03-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994020193A1 true WO1994020193A1 (fr) 1994-09-15

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Cited By (8)

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NL1002865C2 (nl) * 1995-09-05 1998-06-05 Draegerwerk Ag Adsorptiefiltermateriaal.
WO1998039081A1 (fr) * 1997-03-05 1998-09-11 Air-Maze Corporation Element nettoyeur d'air a filtre de sorption incorpore
FR2806318A1 (fr) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-21 Valeo Dispositif de filtration destine a equiper un appareil d'aeration et/ou de chauffage et/ou de climatisation, notamment pour vehicule automobile
FR2806319A1 (fr) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-21 Valeo Dispositif de filtration destine a equiper un appareil d'aeration et/ou de chauffage et/ou de climatisation, en particulier pour vehicule automobile
FR2806320A1 (fr) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-21 Valeo Dispositif de filtration destine a equiper un appareil d'aeration et/ou de chauffage et/ou de climatisation, en particulier pour vehicule automobile
WO2011004069A1 (fr) 2009-07-08 2011-01-13 Eagle Filters Oy Dispositif de filtration de gaz, et son procédé de fabrication
WO2013143570A1 (fr) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-03 BLüCHER GMBH Matière filtrante adsorbante
CN106881000A (zh) * 2016-01-08 2017-06-23 安双志 纤维除尘器的空气净化方法

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US3631582A (en) * 1967-02-08 1972-01-04 Filtration Sofiltra Soc Ind De Method for forming a filter element
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US4547950A (en) * 1984-05-29 1985-10-22 Honeywell Inc. Method of spacing the folds of a folded filter media
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US5223011A (en) * 1992-09-10 1993-06-29 Farr Company Air filter assembly

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB880427A (en) * 1957-12-02 1961-10-18 Drager Otto H Improvements in or relating to filters for gases containing matter in suspension
US3631582A (en) * 1967-02-08 1972-01-04 Filtration Sofiltra Soc Ind De Method for forming a filter element
DE2739815A1 (de) * 1977-09-03 1978-09-28 Ceag Filter Entstaubung Luftfilterzelle
US4225328A (en) * 1977-11-17 1980-09-30 Delbag-Luftfilter Gmbh Exchangeable filter element
US4289513A (en) * 1978-03-27 1981-09-15 The Mead Corporation Activated sorbtion paper and products produced thereby
US4610706A (en) * 1983-02-03 1986-09-09 Nesher Alexander G HEPA filter with integral separators
US4547950A (en) * 1984-05-29 1985-10-22 Honeywell Inc. Method of spacing the folds of a folded filter media
US4553992A (en) * 1984-10-17 1985-11-19 Boissinot Jean Guy Scrubber apparatus for purifying foul air produced during an embalming, an autopsy or the like
US4626265A (en) * 1985-06-17 1986-12-02 Pall Corporation Purification system
US4909815A (en) * 1988-10-24 1990-03-20 International Air Filter, Inc. Mobile air cleaning apparatus
US5098767A (en) * 1989-02-15 1992-03-24 Pall Corporation Filter device with micropleats and macropleats
US5223011A (en) * 1992-09-10 1993-06-29 Farr Company Air filter assembly

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1002865C2 (nl) * 1995-09-05 1998-06-05 Draegerwerk Ag Adsorptiefiltermateriaal.
WO1998039081A1 (fr) * 1997-03-05 1998-09-11 Air-Maze Corporation Element nettoyeur d'air a filtre de sorption incorpore
GB2337213A (en) * 1997-03-05 1999-11-17 Air Maze Corp Air cleaner element having incorporated sorption element
GB2337213B (en) * 1997-03-05 2001-06-27 Air Maze Corp Air cleaner element having incorporated sorption element
FR2806318A1 (fr) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-21 Valeo Dispositif de filtration destine a equiper un appareil d'aeration et/ou de chauffage et/ou de climatisation, notamment pour vehicule automobile
FR2806319A1 (fr) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-21 Valeo Dispositif de filtration destine a equiper un appareil d'aeration et/ou de chauffage et/ou de climatisation, en particulier pour vehicule automobile
FR2806320A1 (fr) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-21 Valeo Dispositif de filtration destine a equiper un appareil d'aeration et/ou de chauffage et/ou de climatisation, en particulier pour vehicule automobile
WO2011004069A1 (fr) 2009-07-08 2011-01-13 Eagle Filters Oy Dispositif de filtration de gaz, et son procédé de fabrication
WO2013143570A1 (fr) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-03 BLüCHER GMBH Matière filtrante adsorbante
CN106881000A (zh) * 2016-01-08 2017-06-23 安双志 纤维除尘器的空气净化方法
CN106881000B (zh) * 2016-01-08 2019-06-11 苏州中环建科环境科技有限公司 纤维除尘器的空气净化方法

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