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WO1994019174A1 - Process for producing a three-dimensional object - Google Patents

Process for producing a three-dimensional object Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994019174A1
WO1994019174A1 PCT/EP1993/003723 EP9303723W WO9419174A1 WO 1994019174 A1 WO1994019174 A1 WO 1994019174A1 EP 9303723 W EP9303723 W EP 9303723W WO 9419174 A1 WO9419174 A1 WO 9419174A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plastic
electromagnetic radiation
filling material
solidified
solidification
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1993/003723
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans J. Langer
Original Assignee
Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems filed Critical Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems
Priority to EP94904612A priority Critical patent/EP0637281A1/en
Priority to JP6518585A priority patent/JPH07503680A/en
Publication of WO1994019174A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994019174A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/0037—Production of three-dimensional images
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
    • B22F3/1025—Removal of binder or filler not by heating only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16—Fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2709/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2703/00 - B29K2707/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2709/02—Ceramics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing an object according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to create a method by means of which the material properties of the object, in particular its strength, temperature resistance and surface quality, can be improved.
  • a polymerizable plastic 2 and a filling material 3 are processed into a homogeneous mixture 5, for example by stirring 4.
  • Any liquid or powder material that can be solidified by the action of electromagnetic radiation can be considered as plastic. Examples of this can be found in the above-mentioned EP-A-0 171 069.
  • Ceramic or metal powder is used as filler material, preferably aluminum oxide, tetragonal zirconium oxide or silicon nitride as ceramic powder and carbonyl iron either pure or with an addition of 1-10%, preferably about 2 or 8% nickel or a steel powder made of X2 Cr Ni Mo 17 13 2 or X2 Cr 17 as metal powder.
  • the liquid or pasty mixing material 5 produced in the station 1 is filled in the second work station 6 into a container 7 in which a carrier 8 is arranged.
  • the carrier 8 can be positioned in such a way that a layer of the mixed material 5 with a predetermined thickness is present between its surface and the surface of the mixed material 5 filled; this layer is irradiated by means of a laser beam generated by a laser 9 and controlled by a deflection device 10 at predetermined locations corresponding to the object, as a result of which the plastic material polymerizes or sinters around the filling material grains enclosed therein and thus a solid layer corresponding to the shape of the object forms.
  • the entire object 11 is formed in the same way from a plurality of such layers.
  • the object 11 is removed therefrom and residues of the still liquid or powdery mixed material are removed.
  • the object 11 is then in a third work station 12 brought into a heater 13 provided with a heater 14 and heated there to remove the plastic material 2.
  • This removal can take place, for example, thermally, the object 11 being heated to such an extent that the material 2 evaporates;
  • this removal is preferably carried out catalytically, the plastic being decomposed aterially by heating to about 110-140 ° C. under the influence of a gas mixture of nitrogen and a few percent gaseous nitric acid supplied by a gas supply 15.
  • the decomposition runs from the outside in, so that no internal pressure builds up and can destroy the object 11.
  • the light beam is scattered on the surface of the filling material 3, so that there is no sharp boundary between solidified and non-solidified material.
  • the "step effect" of the surface which usually occurs in stereographic processes due to the layered structure is therefore avoided or is greatly reduced and the surface quality is considerably improved. This improvement is particularly evident with ceramic filling material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

In a process for producing a three-dimensional object in which individual layers of the object are secured to a curable material by the effect of electromagnetic radiation, the stability and the temperature resistance of the object are to be improved. This aim is attained by the invention in that a filler in the form of ceramic or metal powder is added to the material.

Description

Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts Method of making a three-dimensional object
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Ob¬ jekts nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for producing an object according to the preamble of claim 1.
Ein derartiges Verfahren ist beispielsweise aus der EP-A-0 171 069 bekannt. Hierbei wird über einem Träger in einem Bad aus flüssigem, polymerisierbaren Kunststoff eine flüssige Kunststoffschicht gebildet, die danach an dem Objekt entspre¬ chenden Stellen durch Bestrahlen mit einem Laserstrahl polymerisiert und damit verfestigt wird. Dieser Vorgang wird für jede Schicht wiederholt, wobei die Polymerisation jeder folgenden Schicht gleichzeitig eine Befestigung an der darun¬ terliegenden Schicht bewirkt. Nach der Verfestigung aller Schichten wird das Objekt gegebenfalls nachgehärtet.Such a method is known for example from EP-A-0 171 069. In this case, a liquid plastic layer is formed over a carrier in a bath made of liquid, polymerizable plastic, which is then polymerized at the corresponding points on the object by irradiation with a laser beam and thus solidified. This process is repeated for each layer, the polymerization of each subsequent layer simultaneously affixing it to the layer underneath. After all layers have solidified, the object is hardened if necessary.
Damit wird nach der bekannten Methode ein Objekt aus polymerisiertem Kunststoff erhalten. Dieses Material genügt jedoch oft aufgrund seiner geringen Festigkeit und Temperaturbeständigkeit nicht den Anforderungen der Praxis.An object made of polymerized plastic is thus obtained according to the known method. However, this material often does not meet practical requirements due to its low strength and temperature resistance.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren zu schaf¬ fen, mit dem die Materialeigenschaften des Objekts, insbeson¬ dere dessen Festigkeit, Temperaturbeständigkeit und Oberflä- chenbeschaffenheit, verbessert werden können.The object of the invention is therefore to create a method by means of which the material properties of the object, in particular its strength, temperature resistance and surface quality, can be improved.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch das in Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnete Verfahren gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the method characterized in claim 1.
Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen ge¬ kennzeichnet. Die Erfindung wird im weiteren anhand eines Ausführungsbei- spiels im Zusammenhang mit der Figur beschrieben, die eine schematische Darstellung der für die Durchführung des Verfahrens geeigneten Arbeitsstationen zeigt.Developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims. The invention is described below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment in connection with the figure, which shows a schematic representation of the workstations suitable for carrying out the method.
In einer ersten Arbeitsstation 1 wird ein polymerisierbarer Kunststoff 2 und ein Füllmaterial 3 beispielsweise durch Rüh¬ ren 4 zu einer homogenen Mischung 5 verarbeitet. Als Kunst¬ stoff kommt jedes flüssige oder pulverförmige Material in Frage, das durch Einwirkung elektromagnetischer Strahlung verfestigt werden kann. Beispiele hierzu finden sich in der obengenannten EP-A-0 171 069. Als Füllmaterial wird Keramik¬ oder Metallpulver verwendet, vorzugsweise Aluminiumoxid, tetragonales Zirkonoxid oder Siliciumnitrid als Keramikpulver und Carbonyleisen entweder rein oder mit einem Zusatz von 1-10%, vorzugsweise etwa 2 oder 8% Nickel oder ein Stahlpul¬ ver aus X2 Cr Ni Mo 17 13 2 oder X2 Cr 17 als Metallpulver.In a first work station 1, a polymerizable plastic 2 and a filling material 3 are processed into a homogeneous mixture 5, for example by stirring 4. Any liquid or powder material that can be solidified by the action of electromagnetic radiation can be considered as plastic. Examples of this can be found in the above-mentioned EP-A-0 171 069. Ceramic or metal powder is used as filler material, preferably aluminum oxide, tetragonal zirconium oxide or silicon nitride as ceramic powder and carbonyl iron either pure or with an addition of 1-10%, preferably about 2 or 8% nickel or a steel powder made of X2 Cr Ni Mo 17 13 2 or X2 Cr 17 as metal powder.
Das in der Station 1 erzeugte flüssige oder pastenförmige Mischmaterial 5 wird in der zweiten Arbeitsstation 6 in einen Behälter 7 eingefüllt, in dem ein Träger 8 angeordnet ist. Der Träger 8 ist so positionierbar, daß zwischen seiner Ober¬ fläche und der Oberfläche des eingefüllten Mischmaterials 5 eine Schicht des Mischmaterials 5 mit einer vorgegebenen Dicke vorliegt; diese Schicht wird mittels eines von einem Laser 9 erzeugten und über eine Umlenkeinrichtung 10 gesteu¬ erten Laserstrahls an vorgegebenen, dem Objekt entsprechenden Stellen bestrahlt, wodurch das Kunststoffmaterial um die darin eingeschlossenen Füllmaterialkörner polymerisiert bzw. sintert und so eine der Form des Objekts entsprechende feste Schicht bildet. Das gesamte Objekt 11 wird in gleicher Weise aus einer Mehrzahl solcher Schichten gebildet.The liquid or pasty mixing material 5 produced in the station 1 is filled in the second work station 6 into a container 7 in which a carrier 8 is arranged. The carrier 8 can be positioned in such a way that a layer of the mixed material 5 with a predetermined thickness is present between its surface and the surface of the mixed material 5 filled; this layer is irradiated by means of a laser beam generated by a laser 9 and controlled by a deflection device 10 at predetermined locations corresponding to the object, as a result of which the plastic material polymerizes or sinters around the filling material grains enclosed therein and thus a solid layer corresponding to the shape of the object forms. The entire object 11 is formed in the same way from a plurality of such layers.
Nach der Verfestigung der letzten Schicht in der Arbeitssta¬ tion 6 wird das Objekt 11 daraus entfernt und von Resten des noch flüssigen bzw. pulverförmigen Mischmaterials befreit. Danach wird das Objekt 11 in einer dritten Arbeitsstation 12 in einen mit einer Heizung 14 versehenen Ofen 13 gebracht und dort zum Entfernen des Kunststoffmaterials 2 erhitzt. Dieses Entfernen kann beispielsweise thermisch erfolgen, wobei das Objekt 11 soweit erhitzt wird, daß das Material 2 verdampft; vorzugsweise erfolgt dieses Entfernen jedoch katalytisch, wo¬ bei das Kunststoff aterial durch Erwärmen auf etwa 110-140°C unter dem Einfluß einer durch eine Gaszufuhr 15 zugeführten Gasmischung aus Stickstoff und wenigen Prozent gasförmiger Salpetersäure zersetzt wird. Die Zersetzung verläuft dabei von außen nach innen, sodaß sich kein Innendruck aufbauen und das Objekt 11 zerstören kann.After the last layer has solidified in the work station 6, the object 11 is removed therefrom and residues of the still liquid or powdery mixed material are removed. The object 11 is then in a third work station 12 brought into a heater 13 provided with a heater 14 and heated there to remove the plastic material 2. This removal can take place, for example, thermally, the object 11 being heated to such an extent that the material 2 evaporates; However, this removal is preferably carried out catalytically, the plastic being decomposed aterially by heating to about 110-140 ° C. under the influence of a gas mixture of nitrogen and a few percent gaseous nitric acid supplied by a gas supply 15. The decomposition runs from the outside in, so that no internal pressure builds up and can destroy the object 11.
Nach dem Entfernen des Kunststoffmaterials 2 in der Arbeit¬ station 12 verbleibt ein nur aus dem zusammenhaftenden pulverförmigen Füllmaterial bestehendes Objekt 11. Dieses Ob¬ jekt wird in einer vierten Arbeitsstation 16 in einen Sinterofen 17 eingebracht und dort bei einer dem Füllmaterial entsprechenden Temperatur gesintert, sodaß eine gewünschte Festigkeit und Oberflächengüte erreicht wird.After the removal of the plastic material 2 in the work station 12, there remains an object 11 consisting only of the powdery filling material adhering together. This object is introduced into a sintering furnace 17 in a fourth work station 16 and sintered there at a temperature corresponding to the filling material, so that a desired strength and surface quality is achieved.
Bei der Verfestigung des Objekts wird der Lichtstrahl an der Oberfläche des Füllmaterials 3 gestreut, sodaß sich keine scharfe Grenze von verfestigtem zu nicht verfestigtem Mate¬ rial einstellt. Der üblicherweise bei stereographischen Ver¬ fahren auftretende "Treppeneffekt" der Oberfläche aufgrund des schichtweisen Aufbaus wird daher vermieden bzw. ist stark verringert und die Oberflächengüte ist erheblich verbessert. Besonders deutlich ist diese Verbesserung bei keramischem Füllmaterial.When the object is solidified, the light beam is scattered on the surface of the filling material 3, so that there is no sharp boundary between solidified and non-solidified material. The "step effect" of the surface which usually occurs in stereographic processes due to the layered structure is therefore avoided or is greatly reduced and the surface quality is considerably improved. This improvement is particularly evident with ceramic filling material.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es auch möglich, anstelle einer Mischung von flüssigem Kunststoff und pulverförmigem Füllmaterial so¬ wohl pulverförmigen Kunststoff mit pulverförmigem Füllmate¬ rial als auch kunststoffummanteltes Füllmaterial in Pulver¬ form zu verwenden. Im letzteren Fall entfällt dann der Mischvorgang. According to the invention, it is also possible to use both powdered plastic with powdered filling material and plastic-coated filling material in powder form instead of a mixture of liquid plastic and powdered filling material. In the latter case, the mixing process is then omitted.

Claims

_ 9.4_/,1-9-_1--7,4_Patentansprüche _ 9.4 _ /, 1-9-_1--7.4_patent claims
1. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Objekts, bei dem einzelne Schichten des Objekts aus mittels elektromagnetischer Strahlung verfestigbarem Material nacheinander durch Einwirkung einer elektromagnetischen Strahlung verfestigt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Material eine Kombina¬ tion aus verfestigbarem Kunststoffmaterial mit einem Füllmaterial in Form von Keramik- oder Metallpulver ver¬ wendet wird.1. A method for producing an object in which individual layers of the object made of material that can be solidified by means of electromagnetic radiation are solidified one after the other by the action of electromagnetic radiation, characterized in that a combination of solidifiable plastic material with a filler material in the form of ceramic material is used as the material. or metal powder is used.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Kunststoffmaterial vor der Verfestigung das Füllmaterial zugesetzt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling material is added to the plastic material before solidification.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß flüssiges oder pulverför- miges Kunststoffmaterial mit dem Füllmaterial gemischt wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that liquid or powder-shaped plastic material is mixed with the filling material.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß kunststoffummanteltes Füll¬ material in Pulverform verwendet wird.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that plastic-coated Füll¬ material is used in powder form.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach der Verfestigung des Objekts das Kunststoffmaterial entfernt wird. 94/191745. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plastic material is removed after the solidification of the object. 94/19174
55
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material durch Einwir¬ kung von Wärme, chemische Zersetzung oder katalytisch entfernt wird.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the material is removed by the action of heat, chemical decomposition or catalytically.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Entfernung durch Wärme¬ einwirkung in einem Ofen bei einer Temperatur von 110-140°C erfolgt.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the removal is carried out by heat in an oven at a temperature of 110-140 ° C.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Ofen eine Stickstoffatmo- sphäre, die wenige Prozent gasförmige Salpetersäure ent¬ hält, vorliegt.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that there is a nitrogen atmosphere in the furnace which contains a few percent gaseous nitric acid.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß gleichzeitig mit dem oder nach dem Entfernen des Materials das Füllmaterial zusammengesintert wird.9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the filling material is sintered together with or after the removal of the material.
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Füllmaterial Carbonyleisen, Carbonyleisen mit etwa 2% Nickel, Carbonyleisen mit etwa 8% Nickel, ein Stahl X2 Cr Ni Mo 17 13 2 oder X2 Cr 17 verwendet wird.10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filler material used is carbonyl iron, carbonyl iron with approximately 2% nickel, carbonyl iron with approximately 8% nickel, a steel X2 Cr Ni Mo 17 13 2 or X2 Cr 17.
11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Füllmaterial Aluminiumoxid, tetragonales Zirkonoxid oder Silizium nitrid verwendet wird.11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that aluminum oxide, tetragonal zirconium oxide or silicon nitride is used as the filling material.
12. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Füllmaterial derart ge¬ wählt wird, daß die elektromagnetische Strahlung an des¬ sen Oberfläche gestreut wird und damit eine Glättung der bei der Verfestigung der Schichten entstehenden Stufen bewirkt. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filler material is selected such that the electromagnetic radiation is scattered on its surface and thus brings about a smoothing of the steps occurring during the solidification of the layers.
PCT/EP1993/003723 1993-02-19 1993-12-30 Process for producing a three-dimensional object WO1994019174A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94904612A EP0637281A1 (en) 1993-02-19 1993-12-30 Process for producing a three-dimensional object
JP6518585A JPH07503680A (en) 1993-02-19 1993-12-30 Method for manufacturing 3D objects

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4305201.0 1993-02-19
DE4305201A DE4305201C1 (en) 1993-02-19 1993-02-19 Three dimensional component mfr with laser-cured resin and filler - involves mixing steel or ceramic powder in resin, laser curing given shape, heating in nitrogen@ atmosphere and nitric acid to remove resin and then sintering filler

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994019174A1 true WO1994019174A1 (en) 1994-09-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1993/003723 WO1994019174A1 (en) 1993-02-19 1993-12-30 Process for producing a three-dimensional object

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0637281A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07503680A (en)
DE (1) DE4305201C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1994019174A1 (en)

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DE4439124A1 (en) * 1994-11-02 1996-05-09 Eos Electro Optical Syst Method and device for producing a three-dimensional object
JPH11509485A (en) * 1995-03-31 1999-08-24 ディーテイーエム・コーポレーション Composite plastic materials for selective laser sintering
US8584344B2 (en) 2009-06-22 2013-11-19 The Gillette Company Method of forming a functional razor cartridge
US9987051B2 (en) 2015-01-27 2018-06-05 K2M, Inc. Interbody spacer
US10028841B2 (en) 2015-01-27 2018-07-24 K2M, Inc. Interbody spacer
US10959855B2 (en) 2017-05-25 2021-03-30 Stryker European Holdings I, Llc Fusion cage with integrated fixation and insertion features
US11006981B2 (en) 2017-07-07 2021-05-18 K2M, Inc. Surgical implant and methods of additive manufacturing

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DE4415783A1 (en) * 1994-02-04 1995-08-10 Ruediger Prof Dr Ing Rothe Free forming of workpieces, esp. prototypes and articles in small series
ATE225222T1 (en) * 1994-05-27 2002-10-15 Eos Electro Optical Syst PROCESS FOR USE IN FOUNDRY TECHNOLOGY
DE4440397C2 (en) * 1994-11-11 2001-04-26 Eos Electro Optical Syst Methods of making molds
DE4433118A1 (en) * 1994-09-16 1996-03-21 Eos Electro Optical Syst Process for producing a three-dimensional object
DE4435904A1 (en) * 1994-10-07 1996-04-11 Basf Ag Process and injection molding compound for the production of metallic moldings
US5749041A (en) * 1995-10-13 1998-05-05 Dtm Corporation Method of forming three-dimensional articles using thermosetting materials
DE69716332T2 (en) * 1996-04-15 2003-02-20 Teijin Seiki Co. Ltd., Osaka Use of a photo-curable resin composition for producing an object by means of stereolithography
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