WO1994011487A1 - Detergent compositions - Google Patents
Detergent compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994011487A1 WO1994011487A1 PCT/GB1993/002345 GB9302345W WO9411487A1 WO 1994011487 A1 WO1994011487 A1 WO 1994011487A1 GB 9302345 W GB9302345 W GB 9302345W WO 9411487 A1 WO9411487 A1 WO 9411487A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- detergent composition
- surfactant
- average
- nonionic
- chain length
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 primary alcohol sulphate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 72
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940120146 EDTMP Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 229910000503 Na-aluminosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraacetylethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C(C)=O)CCN(C(C)=O)C(C)=O BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BAECOWNUKCLBPZ-HIUWNOOHSA-N Triolein Natural products O([C@H](OCC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)C(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC BAECOWNUKCLBPZ-HIUWNOOHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioleoylglycerol Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- NFDRPXJGHKJRLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N edtmp Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CCN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O NFDRPXJGHKJRLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012217 sodium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940117972 triolein Drugs 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002366 lipolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002797 proteolythic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical group [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000005701 Calcium-Binding Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010045403 Calcium-Binding Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GBFLZEXEOZUWRN-VKHMYHEASA-N S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CSCC(O)=O GBFLZEXEOZUWRN-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940096386 coconut alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005996 polystyrene-poly(ethylene-butylene)-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000429 sodium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- POECFFCNUXZPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;carbonic acid;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(O)=O.OC([O-])=O POECFFCNUXZPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
- C11D17/065—High-density particulate detergent compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to particulate detergent compositions containing nonionic surfactants.
- the invention is particularly concerned with particulate detergent compositions having high bulk density, especially those containing alkali metal aluminosilicate builder.
- Nonionic surfactants have beneficial cleaning characteristics when included in detergent formulations, as they are particularly effective in removing hydrophobic soils such as hydrocarbon oils, complex fats and other long-chain unsaturated and saturated glycerides.
- particulate detergent compositions containing nonionic surfactants come in contact with aqueous solutions the nonionic surfactants tend to form viscous phases which impede delivery from the dispenser of an automatic washing machine or from a delivery device, and give poor dispersion and dissolution in the wash liquor.
- the present invention accordingly provides a particulate detergent composition having a bulk density of at least 600_ g/1 and comprising a surfactant system comprising a nonionic surfactant, at least one detergency builder and optionally other detergent ingredients, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises a condensation product of ethylene oxide with an aliphatic alcohol having an average alkyl chain length of less than C 12 and an average degree of ethoxylation not exceeding 8, and the surfactant system is free of ethoxylated nonionic surfactants having an average chain length of C. or above and an average degree of ethoxylation below 7.
- the invention further provides the use of a nonionic " surfactant which is a condensation product of ethylene oxide with an aliphatic alcohol having an average alkyl chain length of less than C 1? and an average degree of ethoxylation not exceeding 8 to improve the delivery into the wash of a particulate detergent composition having a bulk density of at least 600 g/1.
- a nonionic " surfactant which is a condensation product of ethylene oxide with an aliphatic alcohol having an average alkyl chain length of less than C 1? and an average degree of ethoxylation not exceeding 8 to improve the delivery into the wash of a particulate detergent composition having a bulk density of at least 600 g/1.
- the short-chain nonionic surfactant is the short-chain nonionic surfactant
- nonionic surfactants are generally mixtures containing a spread of chain lengths around an average value.
- the surfactant system is free of nonionic surfactants which are commercial materials having an average chain length of C. and above and an average degree of ethoxylation below 7.
- compositions of the invention are substantially free of all ethoxylated nonionic surfactants (commercial mixtures) , of any degree of ethoxylation, having an average alkyl chain length of C. or above.
- the short-chain nonionic surfactant is derived from an alcohol of which at least 25% by weight, more preferably at least 50 wt% and most preferably at least 75 wt%, has an alkyl chain length below C._.
- the surfactant system may be substantially free of any nonionic surfactant material having a chain length of C. or above.
- any nonionic surfactant material having a chain length of C. or above.
- the compositions of the invention exhibit excellent detergency performance on a range of soils and also show superior dispersion characteristics.
- Nonionic surfactants having an average alkyl chain length within the range of from C g to C are preferred; more specifically those having an average alkyl chain length within the ranges of from C Q -7 to C 3..3_., and from C. n O to C 3,.3.- . 1_.
- Nonionic surfactants derived from alcohols containing some branched-chain material may give some benefits both in detergency and in improved powder delivery amd dissolution.
- the level of free alcohol in the nonionic surfactant is less than 5 wt%, more preferably less than 1 wt%.
- nonionic alcohol ethoxylate surfactants suitable for use in the present invention are given below (* denotes Trade Mark) . Mixtures of these materials may also be used in order to achieve intermediate degrees of ethoxylation.
- nonionic surfactants of the class specifically excluded above are absent, other detergent-active materials may be present in the compositions of the invention.
- Detergent-active material present other than the nonionic surfactants may be other anionic (soap or non-soap) , cationic, zwitterionic, amphoteric, or any combination of these.
- Anionic detergent-active compounds may be present in an amount of from 0 to 40 wt%, preferably from 0 to 20 wt%. It is preferred if the ratio of nonionic surfactant to anionic surfactant is within the range of 2:8 to 9:1.
- soaps of fatty acids are preferably sodium soaps derived from naturally occurring fatty acids, for example, the fatty acids from coconut oil, beef tallow, sunflower or hardened rapeseed oil.
- compositions may advantageously contain at least 20 wt%, more advantageously at least 25 wt%, of the surfactant system.
- Preferred surfactant systems are described below.
- compositions in accordance with the invention have surfactant systems consisting essentially of short-chain ethoxylated nonionic surfactant as defined above either in combination with primary alcohol sulphate (PAS) , or alone.
- PAS primary alcohol sulphate
- the primary alcohol sulphate (PAS) that may optionally be present, preferably constituting up to 40 wt% of the surfactant system, may have a chain length in the range of C 8 -C 18 , preferably -C lg , with a mean value preferably in the range.
- PAS consisting wholly or predominantly of 12 -C. material.
- PAS Predominantly or wholly straight-chain PAS is generally preferred; PAS of vegetable origin, and more especially PAS from coconut oil (cocoPAS) is especially preferred.
- cocoPAS PAS from coconut oil
- the PAS is present in the form of the sodium or potassium salt, the sodium salt generally being preferred.
- Surfactant systems of especial interest consist essentially of
- any short-chain nonionic surfactant of chain length C q to C. and ethoxylation of 2.5 to 6.5 is beneficial.
- Alkali metal (preferably sodium) aluminosilicates may generally be incorporated in amounts of from 5 to 60% by weight (anhydrous basis) of the composition, preferably from 25 to 55 wt%, and suitably, in a heavy duty detergent composition, from 25 to 48 wt%.
- the zeolite may be the commercially available zeolite 4A now widely used in laundry detergent powders.
- the zeolite builder incorporated in the compositions of the invention is maximum aluminium zeolite P (zeolite MAP) as
- Zeolite MAP is defined as an alkali metal aluminosilicate of the zeolite P type having a silicon to aluminium ratio not exceeding 1.33, preferably within the range of from 0.90 to 1.33, and more preferably within the range of from 0.90 to 1.20.
- zeolite MAP gives two particular advantages: it is a more effective builder than zeolite 4A, and, quite independently, it enables higher total surfactant levels, and more nonionic-rich surfactant systems, to be incorporated without loss of powder flow properties.
- zeolite MAP as a carrier for liquid detergent ingredients is described and claimed in EP 521 635A (Unilever) .
- compositions in accordance with the invention may contain alkali metal, preferably sodium, carbonate, to increase detergency and to ease processing.
- alkali metal preferably sodium, carbonate
- Sodium carbonate may generally be present in amounts ranging from 1 to 60 wt%, preferably from 2 to 40 wt%, and most suitably from 2 to 13 wt%.
- compositions free of alkali metal carbonate are also within the scope of the invention.
- compositions of the invention preferably do not contain more than 5 wt% of inorganic phosphate builders, and are desirably substantially free of phosphate builders.
- Fully formulated laundry detergent compositions in accordance with the present invention may additionally contain any suitable ingredients normally encountered, for example, inorganic salts such as sodium silicate or sodium sulphate; organic salts such as sodium citrate; antiredeposition aids such as cellulose derivatives and acrylate or acrylate/maleate polymers; fluorescers; bleaches, bleach precursors and bleach stabilisers; proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes; dyes; coloured speckles; perfumes; foam controllers; fabric softening compounds.
- inorganic salts such as sodium silicate or sodium sulphate
- organic salts such as sodium citrate
- antiredeposition aids such as cellulose derivatives and acrylate or acrylate/maleate polymers
- fluorescers bleaches, bleach precursors and bleach stabilisers
- proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes dyes; coloured speckles; perfumes; foam controllers; fabric softening compounds.
- the particulate detergent compositions of the invention may in principle be prepared by any of the available tower (spray-drying) , non-tower (granulation) or combination processes.
- compositions of high bulk density - at least 600 g/1, preferably at least 700 g/1 and more preferably at least 800 g/1 - which may be prepared by granulation and/or densification in a high-speed mixer/granulator.
- the high-speed mixer/granulator also known as a high-speed mixer/densifier, may be a batch machine such as the Fukae (Trade Mark) FS, or a continuous machine such as the
- Lttdige (Trade Mark) Recycler CB30 Lttdige (Trade Mark) Recycler CB30. Suitable processes are described, for example, in EP 340 013A, EP 367 339A, EP 390 251A, EP 420 417A and EP 506 184A (Unilever) .
- the inorganic builders and other inorganic materials are granulated with the surfactants, which act as binders and granulating or agglomerating agents.
- the surfactants which act as binders and granulating or agglomerating agents.
- an anionic surfactant such as PAS
- a mobile surfactant blend as described in EP 265 203A (Unilever) or EP 507 402A (Unilever) may suitably be used. Any optional ingredients as previously mentioned may be incorporated at any suitable stage in the process.
- bleach ingredients (bleaches, bleach precursor, bleach stabilisers) , proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes, coloured speckles, perfumes and foam control granules are most suitably admixed (postdosed) to the dense granular product after it has left the high-speed mixer/granulator.
- the low-ethoxylated short-chain nonionic surfactants with which the present invention is concerned will not normally be included in the base powder but will be admixed with, for example, sprayed onto, the finished base powder.
- Nonionic surfactants of higher ethoxylation may be included in the base powder, post-added, or both.
- Preferably at least a part of any higher-ethoxylated nonionic surfactant is included in the base powder, while either low-ethoxylated surfactant alone or a mixture of higher- and low-ethoxylated nonionic surfactant is post-added.
- Zeolite MAP Zeolite MAP prepared by a method similar to that described in Examples 1 to 3 of EP 384 070A (Unilever) ; Si:Al ratio 1.0-1.07.
- compositions having a surfactant system consisting of 30 parts of cocoPAS and 70 parts of nonionic surfactant were prepared to the following general formulation:
- Detergencies (removal of radio-labelled triolein soil from polyester) were compared in the tergotometer using a 5 g/1 product concentration, 24° (French) hard water and a wash temperature of 20°C.
- compositions containing surfactant systems consisting of 30 parts cocoPAS, and 70 parts of ethoxylated nonionic surfactant composed of varying proportions of coco 7E0 and Dobanol 91-2.5 (giving various average EO values) as shown in Table 4.
- compositions containing surfactant systems consisting of 10 parts cocoPAS, and 90 parts of ethoxylated nonionic surfactant composed of varying proportions of coco 7EO and Dobanol 91-2.5 as shown in Table 5.
- Detergent base powders having bulk densities of about 800 g/litre were prepared to the following general formulation:
- the percentage of the powder dissolved was calculated using a standard conductance procedure. This involved measuring the conductance of the wash liquor at a given time and comparing the reading with that of a liquor containing the -same weight of fully dissolved powder of identical formulation. The results are tabulated in Table 6.
- the surfactants used were as follows:
- This Example demonstrates the benefit of short-chain nonionic surfactant in improving delivery of powder from the dispenser of a front-loading automatic washing machine.
- High-bulk-density (about 800 g/litre) particulate detergent compositions were prepared to the general formulations used in Examples 23 to 25.
- the surfactants used were as follows:
- This Example demonstrates, using three different test methods, the benefit of short-chain nonionic surfactant in improving powder solubility and reducing particulate residues deposited on washed articles.
- the powders had the general formulation given below.
- the base powder was prepared by granulation with in-situ neutralisation in a high-speed mixer/granulator, as described in EP 420 417A and EP 506 184A (Unilever) , and the remaining ingredients were then admixed.
- the finished powders had bulk densities in the 800-900 g/1 range. All had a "fines" (particles smaller than 180 microns) content below 5 wt%.
- a 50_g powder sample was introduced into the cylindrical vessel which was then closed.
- the vessel was attached to the -agitator arm which was then moved down to a position such that the top of the cylindrical vessel was just below the surface of the water. After a 10 second delay, the apparatus was operated for 15 rotation/rest cycles.
- the cylindrical vessel and handle were removed from the water and and the vessel detached from the handle. Surface water was carefully poured off, and any powder residues transferred to a preweighed container and dried for 24 hours at 100°C. _ The weight of dried residue as a percentage of the initial powder weight (50 g) was then calculated.
- This test employed a Siemens Siwamat (Trade Mark) Plus 3700 front-loading automatic washing machine, and the methodology was as follows.
- a 100 g dose of powder was placed in a flexible delivery device of the type supplied with commercially available high bulk density powders, for example, Lever Persil (Trade Mark) Micro System powders in the UK: a spherical container of flexible plastics material having a diameter of approximately 4 cm and a top opening of diameter approximately 3 cm.
- a flexible delivery device of the type supplied with commercially available high bulk density powders, for example, Lever Persil (Trade Mark) Micro System powders in the UK: a spherical container of flexible plastics material having a diameter of approximately 4 cm and a top opening of diameter approximately 3 cm.
- the delivery device was placed inside a black cotton pillowcase having dimensions of 30 cm by 60 cm, taking care to keep it upright, and the pillowcase was then closed by means of a zip fastener.
- the pillowcase containing the (upright) delivery device was then placed on top of a 3.5 kg dry cotton washload in the drum of the washing machine.
- the machine was operated on the "heavy duty cycle" at a wash temperature of 60°C, using water of 15° French hardness and an inlet temperature of 20°C.
- the pillowcase was removed, opened and turned inside out, and the level of powder residues on its inside surfaces determined by visual assessment using a scoring system of 1 to 3: a score of 3 corresponds to a residue of approximately 75 wt% of the powder, while 1 indicates no residue.
- a panel of five assessors was used to judge each pillowcase and allot a score. With each powder the wash process was carried out ten times and the scores were averaged over the ten repeats.
- the nonionic surfactants in these powders were as follows:
- Example 28 Dobanol 91-6T 10.14 6EO
- the dispersion test was carried out as follows. An 0.3 g sample of powder was placed in a small spoon and wetted by holding the spoon horizontally in water at 10°C for 1 minute. The spoon was then removed and surplus water poured off. The spoon with the damp powder was then placed horizontally in a 500 ml beaker of water at 10°C and a stirrer (a magnetic flea set to give a 25 mm vortex) was activated. Turbidity (as indicator of the dispersion of the zeolite) was measured as a function of time.
- the 90% dispersion times were as follows:
- Nonionic surfactant Lorodac 7 6.48 Lorodac 3 8.19
- the nonionic surfactants were as follows:
- the 90% dispersion times were as follows:
- Base powders were prepared by high-speed granulation as in earlier Examples, and the remaining ingredients were postdosed.
- the bulk densities of the powders were above 800 g/litre, and the formulations (in parts by weight) were as follows:
- the tests were carried out using radio-labelled triolein model soil on polyester fabric at 20°C in 500 ml of 24° (calcium only) hard water, at a product concentration of 5 g/litre.
- the powder sample (2.5 g) was placed in a heap on a piece of cotton sheeting
- Detergencies are expressed as percentage removal of the triolein soil, measured after wash times of 6, 10 and 20 minutes. The percentage detergency delivered is defined as follows:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP93924768A EP0670887B2 (en) | 1992-11-16 | 1993-11-15 | Detergent compositions |
PL93308363A PL174609B1 (en) | 1992-11-16 | 1993-11-15 | Detergent compositions |
DE69316917T DE69316917T3 (en) | 1992-11-16 | 1993-11-15 | DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS |
BR9307457-3A BR9307457A (en) | 1992-11-16 | 1993-11-15 | Particulate detergent composition, and use of a non-ionic surfactant |
AU54312/94A AU689449B2 (en) | 1992-11-16 | 1993-11-15 | Detergent compositions |
SK639-95A SK280568B6 (en) | 1992-11-16 | 1993-11-15 | Particulate detergent compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB929224014A GB9224014D0 (en) | 1992-11-16 | 1992-11-16 | Detergent compositions |
GB9224014.2 | 1992-11-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994011487A1 true WO1994011487A1 (en) | 1994-05-26 |
Family
ID=10725171
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1993/002345 WO1994011487A1 (en) | 1992-11-16 | 1993-11-15 | Detergent compositions |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0670887B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2776985B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU689449B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9307457A (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ284655B6 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69316917T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2112437T5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9224014D0 (en) |
HU (1) | HU217238B (en) |
IN (1) | IN179513B (en) |
PL (1) | PL174609B1 (en) |
SK (1) | SK280568B6 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994011487A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA938507B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4436066A1 (en) * | 1994-10-10 | 1996-04-11 | Henkel Kgaa | fatty substances |
WO1996018711A1 (en) * | 1994-12-16 | 1996-06-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hard surface cleaners comprising highly ethoxylated guerbet alcohols |
US5597507A (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1997-01-28 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Microemulsion detergent composition containing specific ethoxylated alcohol based surfactant system |
EP1328485A1 (en) | 2000-09-22 | 2003-07-23 | Lafarge Platres | Surfactant composition for gypsum plaster boards |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2207981A1 (en) * | 1972-11-24 | 1974-06-21 | Basf Ag | Biodegradable washing/cleaning compsn. - contg. oxethylated oxo alcohols derived from mixt. of olefins |
FR2284672A1 (en) * | 1974-09-11 | 1976-04-09 | Procter & Gamble | DETERGENT COMPOSITION WITH LOW PHOSPHORUS CONTENT |
US3983078A (en) * | 1973-10-15 | 1976-09-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Oil removal detergent compositions |
GB1462134A (en) * | 1974-03-21 | 1977-01-19 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions |
FR2345513A1 (en) * | 1976-03-24 | 1977-10-21 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | TENSIO-ACTIVE COMPOSITION BASED ON NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4206070A (en) † | 1975-12-24 | 1980-06-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions |
US4399049A (en) † | 1981-04-08 | 1983-08-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent additive compositions |
EP0367339B1 (en) † | 1988-11-02 | 1996-03-13 | Unilever N.V. | Process for preparing a high bulk density granular detergent composition |
-
1992
- 1992-11-16 GB GB929224014A patent/GB9224014D0/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-11-15 PL PL93308363A patent/PL174609B1/en unknown
- 1993-11-15 BR BR9307457-3A patent/BR9307457A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-15 EP EP93924768A patent/EP0670887B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-15 DE DE69316917T patent/DE69316917T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-15 AU AU54312/94A patent/AU689449B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-11-15 JP JP6511871A patent/JP2776985B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-15 ES ES93924768T patent/ES2112437T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-15 HU HU9501434A patent/HU217238B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-15 SK SK639-95A patent/SK280568B6/en unknown
- 1993-11-15 ZA ZA938507A patent/ZA938507B/en unknown
- 1993-11-15 CZ CZ951051A patent/CZ284655B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-15 WO PCT/GB1993/002345 patent/WO1994011487A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-11-16 IN IN389BO1993 patent/IN179513B/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2207981A1 (en) * | 1972-11-24 | 1974-06-21 | Basf Ag | Biodegradable washing/cleaning compsn. - contg. oxethylated oxo alcohols derived from mixt. of olefins |
US3983078A (en) * | 1973-10-15 | 1976-09-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Oil removal detergent compositions |
GB1462133A (en) * | 1973-10-15 | 1977-01-19 | Procter & Gamble | Oil removal cleaning compositions |
GB1462134A (en) * | 1974-03-21 | 1977-01-19 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions |
FR2284672A1 (en) * | 1974-09-11 | 1976-04-09 | Procter & Gamble | DETERGENT COMPOSITION WITH LOW PHOSPHORUS CONTENT |
FR2345513A1 (en) * | 1976-03-24 | 1977-10-21 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | TENSIO-ACTIVE COMPOSITION BASED ON NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5597507A (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1997-01-28 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Microemulsion detergent composition containing specific ethoxylated alcohol based surfactant system |
DE4436066A1 (en) * | 1994-10-10 | 1996-04-11 | Henkel Kgaa | fatty substances |
WO1996011177A1 (en) * | 1994-10-10 | 1996-04-18 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Fats |
WO1996018711A1 (en) * | 1994-12-16 | 1996-06-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hard surface cleaners comprising highly ethoxylated guerbet alcohols |
EP1328485A1 (en) | 2000-09-22 | 2003-07-23 | Lafarge Platres | Surfactant composition for gypsum plaster boards |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CZ284655B6 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
GB9224014D0 (en) | 1993-01-06 |
SK280568B6 (en) | 2000-03-13 |
ES2112437T5 (en) | 2001-02-16 |
DE69316917D1 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
DE69316917T3 (en) | 2001-03-29 |
DE69316917T2 (en) | 1998-05-28 |
HUT72620A (en) | 1996-05-28 |
EP0670887B1 (en) | 1998-02-04 |
CZ105195A3 (en) | 1995-11-15 |
JP2776985B2 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
AU5431294A (en) | 1994-06-08 |
ZA938507B (en) | 1995-05-15 |
AU689449B2 (en) | 1998-04-02 |
JPH08503240A (en) | 1996-04-09 |
IN179513B (en) | 1997-10-11 |
PL174609B1 (en) | 1998-08-31 |
BR9307457A (en) | 1999-08-31 |
EP0670887A1 (en) | 1995-09-13 |
PL308363A1 (en) | 1995-07-24 |
SK63995A3 (en) | 1996-04-03 |
EP0670887B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 |
ES2112437T3 (en) | 1998-04-01 |
HU217238B (en) | 1999-12-28 |
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