WO1993019688A1

WO1993019688A1 - Dental implant

Info

Publication number: WO1993019688A1
Application number: PCT/FR1993/000343
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sylvain Bordes; Jacques Crousillat
Original assignee: Sylvain Bordes; Jacques Crousillat
Priority date: 1992-04-06
Filing date: 1993-04-06
Publication date: 1993-10-14
Also published as: EP0587874A1; FR2689386A1; CA2110718A1

Abstract

Implant including internal means (3), (4), (5) suitable for fitting a support element (2) capable of cushioned movement and shaped, in particular, to receive the tooth. The means consist of a cushioning pad (3) lodged in a recess (1a) of the body (1) with a disk (4) positioned thereon having a contact surface (4a) cooperating with the complementary shape (5a) of a locking screw (5) of the support element (2).

Description

Dental implant.

Various types of dental implants are known which are suitable for receiving specific heads for fitting a prosthesis. In this regard, 5 different solutions have been proposed.

Generally, these implants include a body shaped to be impacted in the alveolar bone. The body of the implant ₁ has ₀ various arrangements for the introduction of interchangeable components until the final implantation of the dental prosthesis. Whatever the solutions used, these types of implants constitute rigid assemblies.

15

However, many studies have shown that teeth are naturally subject to a certain mobility. Such mobility, resulting from the alveolar bone and the periodontal ligament, gives the tooth stiffness and damping. This relative flexibility mitigates

^{20 forces} transmitted to the maxillae.

Patent WO 8706816 teaches a dental implant constituted by a metal tube which internally receives a support capable of receiving the tooth and resting on a circular disc. The support has, at its upper part, a plastic envelope. A stopper ensures the obturation of the implant and exerts a slight compression pressure on the plastic envelope. However, in this solution, the plastic envelope does not provide real

Or flexibility in the support element.

The object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks in a simple, safe, effective and rational manner. 35 The problem which the invention proposes to solve is to be able to reproduce the anatomical characteristics normally exhibited by a tooth, in order to limit the forces transmitted to the bone, while increasing the life of the implant, at the level of its connection. with the alveolar bone.

To solve this problem, a dental implant has been designed and developed, the body of which internally has means capable of ensuring the mounting, with the capacity of cushioned displacement, of a shaped support element for receiving the tooth.

Importantly, the means capable of imparting the damped mounting of the support element are integrated into the body in order, on the one hand, to prevent deterioration of the damping material in contact with oral liquids and, on the other hand, avoid creep.

To solve the problem posed of giving the support element, several degrees of freedom, the means consist of a shock absorbing cushion housed in the bore of the body and receiving in superposition a pellet with a bearing surface cooperating with a complementary shape a screw for fixing the support element. As a result, the transverse forces transmitted to the support element are returned via the screw, to the damping cushion.

To resolve the problem posed of giving different degrees of freedom between the body and the support element, the implant has conforming connecting elements to make said element and said body integral while allowing the element to have degrees of freedom in translation parallel to the main axis and in rotation to have a bending angle relative to said main axis. The support element and the connecting elements have complementary geometric guiding shapes.

The problem posed of transmitting the longitudinal forces to the cushion cushion is solved in that the bearing surface of the pad is concave, the screw head having. a surface of complementary shape.

Λ _Q To solve the problem posed of ensuring the coupling of the support element with the body, with cushioned displacement capacity, the connecting elements are constituted by an integral assembly comprising a damping ring, a retaining plug and a ring periodontal said assembly being coupled to the body.

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The damping ring cooperates with the screw and receives the transverse forces transmitted to the support element and returned by said screw.

The retaining plug and the periodontal ring have conical internal shapes to allow angular movement of

20 the support element.

To solve the problem of ensuring the impaction of the implant in the alveolar bone, the body has shaped grooves 25 to act as anti-rotational during bone regrowth.

The invention is set out below in more detail with the aid of the appended drawings, in which:

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Figure 1 is a perspective view before assembly and in section, of the main elements of the implant according to the invention.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the main

35 elements of the implant before mounting.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view after mounting of the components of the dental implant.

Figure 4 is a schematic sectional view showing the impact of the implant in the alveolar bone.

According to the invention, the body of the implant designated by (1), receives internally, various elements for mounting with elastic displacement capacity of a support element (2). This support element (2) can have different embodiments by constituting, for example, a healing abutment abutment or a support pivot for fixing the tooth (D) (Figure 4).

The body (1), of cylindrical shape, has an internal recess (1a) for mounting a damping cushion (3) which is supported in the bottom of said recess. The damping cushion (3) receives in superposition, a pellet (4), having a bearing surface (4a) cooperating with a shape complementary to the head (5a) of a fixing screw (5). This screw (5) cooperates with a thread (2a) of the support element (2).

As will be indicated in the following description, between the body (1) and the support element (2), connection elements (6) (7) (8) are mounted to make said body and said element integral, while allowing elastic mounting of the element (2) with degrees of freedom of angular displacement.

The bearing surface (4a) of the patch (4) has a concave hemispherical shape, while the screw head (5a) has a bearing surface of complementary shape. The screw (5) transmits the longitudinal forces to the shock absorbing cushion (3). Note that the interposition of the pad (4), between the damping cushion (3) and the screw (5), avoids damaging said cushion and ensures its maintenance in the bore of the body by blocking its creep.

The connecting elements (6) (7) (8) are arranged to form an integral assembly and are constituted respectively by a damping ring, a retaining plug and a periodontal ring.

The damping ring (6) cooperates with the screw (5) and receives the transverse forces transmitted to the support element (2), returned by said screw. This ring (6) has a cylindrical recess (6a) in which is mounted a cylindrical surface (2b) of the support element (2). This bore (6a) is extended coaxially by a conical circular bearing on which the screw head (5a) is supported. The ring (6) is housed and centered by a shouldered circular bearing (6b) in the recess (1a) of the body (1). The ring (6) has a conical circular bearing surface (6c) intended to be engaged in a conical bore of complementary shape (7a) which has the retaining plug (7).

This plug (7) has a threaded seat (7b) intended to be screwed into a thread (1b) formed at the end of the recess (1a) of the body (1). Coaxial with the conical bore (7a), the plug (7) has a cylindrical threaded bore (7c) for screwing a threaded seat (8a) of the periodontal ring (8). Note that the direction of screwing is reversed. The periodontal ring (8) has a conical bore (8b) in which is engaged the cylindrical surface (2b) of the element (2).

It therefore appears that the internal conical shapes of the plug

(7) and the periodontal ring (8) allow an angular movement of the element (2), with degrees of freedom in translation parallel to the main axis and in rotation according to a bending angle relative to said axis.

FIG. 3 shows the assembly of the various constituent elements of the dental implant according to the invention. The damping cushion (3) is housed in the bottom of the bore (1a) of the body (1) and receives, in support, the pellet (4). On the hemispherical part (4a) of the patch (4), the screw head (5a) is centered. The damping ring (6) is engaged in the bore of the body (1) bearing on the screw head (5a). The plug (7) is screwed at the end of the body (1) and receives the periodontal ring (8). The cylindrical bearing surface (2b) of the support element is engaged in the bores (6a) (7a) and (8b) of the elements (6) (7) and (8) to be made integral with the screw (5).

The body (1) is equipped with grooves (1c) shaped to act as anti-rotational during bone regrowth.

Note that the plug (7) allows the establishment of a obturator element in place of the periodontal ring (8) during the integration phase of the implant in the alveolar bone.

The advantages clearly emerge from the description, in particular it is recalled and underlined:

- Limiting the forces transmitted to the bone by increasing the life of the implant at the level of its connection with said bone, taking into account the elastic mounting.

- Reduction of the efforts transmitted to the maxillae.

Claims

R E V E N D I C AT I O N S

-1- Dental implant characterized in that the body (1) has internally means (3) (4) (5) capable of ensuring the mounting with capacity of cushioned movement of a support element (2) shaped in particular to receive the tooth (D).

-2- Implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the means consist of a damping cushion (3) housed in a recess (1a) of the body (1) and receiving in superposition a pellet (4) with a surface of support (4a) cooperating with a complementary shape (5a) of a fixing screw (5) of the support element (2).

3- implant according to claim 2, characterized in that between the body (1) and the support element (2) are mounted connecting elements (6) (7) (8) capable of making said element integral (2 ) and said body (1) while allowing the element (2) to have degrees of freedom in translation parallel to the main axis and in rotation to have a bending angle relative to said main axis.

-4- Implant according to claim 3, characterized in that the support element (2) and the connecting elements (6) (7) (8) have complementary geometrical shapes for guiding.

-5- Implant according to claim 2, characterized in that the bearing surface (4a) of the patch (4) is concave, the screw head (5a) having a surface of complementary shape.

-6- Implant according to claim 3, characterized in that the connecting elements consist of an integral assembly comprising with a damping ring (6), a retaining plug (7) and a periodontal ring (8) said assembly being coupled to the body (1).

-7- Implant according to claim 6, characterized in that the damping ring (6) cooperates with the screw (5) and receives the transverse forces transmitted to the support element and returned by said screw (5).

-8- Implant according to claim 6, characterized in that the holding plug (7) and the periodontal ring (8) have conical internal shapes (7a) (8b) to allow angular movement of the support element (2 ).

-9- Implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the body (1) has grooves (1c) shaped to act as anti-rotational during bone regrowth.