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WO1993014387A1 - Determination du point mort haut - Google Patents

Determination du point mort haut Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993014387A1
WO1993014387A1 PCT/GB1993/000044 GB9300044W WO9314387A1 WO 1993014387 A1 WO1993014387 A1 WO 1993014387A1 GB 9300044 W GB9300044 W GB 9300044W WO 9314387 A1 WO9314387 A1 WO 9314387A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure sensitive
sensitive switch
crankshaft
piston
pressure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1993/000044
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David John Howard Peacock
Original Assignee
David John Howard Peacock
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by David John Howard Peacock filed Critical David John Howard Peacock
Priority to GB9413844A priority Critical patent/GB2277995B/en
Publication of WO1993014387A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993014387A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
    • G01L23/26—Details or accessories
    • G01L23/30—Means for indicating consecutively positions of pistons or cranks of internal-combustion engines in combination with pressure indicators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of accurately determining the top dead centre of a piston in a cylinder of a reciprocating type of internal combustion engine in which a crankshaft of the engine is manually turned whilst the engine is inoperative.
  • top dead centre sense pressure changes in a volume of gas due to movement of the piston within the cylinder, and determine top dead centre as the position in which an incremental movement clockwise or anti clockwise of the crankshaft, does not result in any detected change of pressure.
  • GB Patent specification No. 1233475 discloses the use of a manometer to detect such pressure changes, the pressure changes causing a piston within the manometer visibly to move in response.
  • I provide a method of accurately determining the top dead centre position of a piston in a cylinder of a reciprocating type of internal combustion engine when inoperative, which has a crankshaft driven in use by the piston via a piston rod, the method comprising the steps of connecting to a space in the cylinder, a pressure sensitive switch of a kind which is adapted to change its operating state in response to sensing a pressure above or below a threshold pressure to open or close an electrical circuit, the method further comprising connecting the pressure sensitive switch in an electrical circuit which includes an indicating means to indicate when the operating state of the pressure sensitive switch changes, turning the crankshaft manually until the indicating means indicates no change of operating state of the pressure sensitive switch for a corresponding movement of the crankshaft.
  • Such apparatus require movement of a relatively large volume of air compared with the volume of the space above the piston when the piston is at its top dead centre position, and the additional air volume of the pressure change indicator tends to act as a buffer so that the piston may be moved significantly from or through the top dead centre position without effecting a sufficient pressure change in the large air volume to cause the movable member visually to move.
  • FIGURE 1 is an illustrative view of part of an apparatus for performing the method in accordance with the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is an illustrative view of a further part of the apparatus for performing the invention
  • FIGURE 3 is an illustrative view of a circuit for use with the apparatus of figures 1 and 2, and,
  • FIGURE 4 is an illustrative view of a simplified circuit for use in an alternative apparatus for performing the invention.
  • an internal combustion engine 10 which is of the reciprocating type having at least one piston 11 slidable in a respective cylinder 12 and driving a rotatable crankshaft 13 via a piston rod 14 secured to the piston 11 and to a radially extending lobe formation 15 of the crankshaft 13.
  • the crankshaft 13 has at one end, a formation 16, which is shown to be hexagonal in the example, which is adapted to receive a spanner 17 or other tool, to enable the crankshaft 13 to be rotated manually whilst the engine is inoperative.
  • crankshaft 13 carries a pulley wheel 18 upon which is received a drive belt 19 which is adapted to transmit drive from the crankshaft 13 to an alternator 20 as is well known in the art.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 may be of the diesel type having a glow plug to facilitate cold starting of the engine 10, or a spark ignition type of engine having a spark plug to initiate combustion of fuel during a working cycle of the engine.
  • a cylinder 12 will have a threaded opening 25 to receive the glow plug or spark plug as appropriate.
  • the opening 25 has inserted therein, one end 26 of an adaptor 24, the one end 26 being threaded and receivable in fluid tight manner in the opening 25 from the cylinder 12.
  • the adaptor 24 is connected at its other end, as hereinafter described with reference to figure 2, to pressure sensitive switches, the adaptor 24 having an internal passageway 27 to permit of communication between a space 28 in the cylinder 12 above the piston 11 and the pressure sensitive switches.
  • the adaptor 24 comprises, at its other end 28, a T piece 29, the passageway 27 extending through the limbs of the T piece 29 to one or other of a pair of pressure sensitive switches indicated at 30 and 31.
  • Each of the switches 30,31 are of a proprietory type and are of substantially similar construction, each comprising therein, a diaphragm.
  • any increase of pressure within the passageway 27 caused by upward movement of piston 11 will cause the diaphragm to be moved against a switch element to cause completion of an electrical circuit in which the pressure sensitive switch 30 is deposed.
  • any decrease in pressure in the passageway 27 caused by downward movement of piston 11 will cause the diaphragm to move a switch element to cause completion of an electrical circuit in which the pressure sensitive switch 31 is deposed.
  • Suitable types of pressure sensitive switch 30 and 31 are sold by Micro Pneumatic Logic Incorporated under the designations MPL 501.
  • Such pressure sensitive switches comprise a fixed electrical contact, and the movable switch element carrying another contact, such that movement of the diaphragm as hereinafter explained, completes an electrical circuit between the contacts and hence between respective electrical terminals 35 and 36 in the case of pressure switch 30, and 37 and 38 in the case of pressure switch 31.
  • the pressure sensitive switches 30 and 31 may each have an adjustment screw 39,40, respectively, so that the threshold pressure or vacuum required to cause movement of the diaphragm sufficient to move the respective switch element to complete the electrical circuit, can be adjusted, within limits.
  • the switches 30 and 31 are adjusted such that switch 30 is responsive to close the electrical circuit between contacts 35 and 36 in the event of a pressure in passageway 27 of the adaptor of between 0.0093 and 0.1395 cm of mercury and in the case of pressure switch 31, a negative pressure in passageway 27 in this range.
  • pressure sensitive switches 30 and 31 are each extremely sensitive to changes of pressure occurring in the passageway 27 as a result of movement of the piston 11 in its cylinder 12.
  • FIG 3 there is shown an example of a circuit for use with the apparatus described with reference to figures 1 and 2.
  • the electrical circuit including switches 30 and 31 further comprises a pair of indicating means 45 and 46. It can be seen that when the circuit through pressure sensitive switch 30 is completed, light emitting diode 45 will become lit. Also when the electrical circuit through pressure sensitive switch 31 is completed, light emitting diode 46 will become lit.
  • the electrical circuit comprises further light emitting diodes 47 and 48 which are each driven respectively by a transistor 49,50, from a logic controller 51. In the event that an incremental movement of the crankshaft 13 fails to light either light emitting diodes 45 or 46. respectively, light emitting diodes 47,48 will be lit.
  • the circuit includes a power supply 52 which may be a battery or transformer or the like, an on/off switch 53, and various resistances to bias the transistors 49 and 50 and the logic controller 51, and to provide the necessary voltage drops across light emitting diodes 45,46,47 and 48.
  • a power supply 52 which may be a battery or transformer or the like
  • an on/off switch 53 and various resistances to bias the transistors 49 and 50 and the logic controller 51, and to provide the necessary voltage drops across light emitting diodes 45,46,47 and 48.
  • circuit shown in figure 3 is only an example of a suitable circuit which may be used. If the light emitting diodes 47 and 48 are not required, the transistors 49 and 50, and logic controller 51 could be omitted.
  • the apparatus described above may be modified.
  • only one pressure sensitive switch may be provided.
  • a pressure sensitive switch such as switch 30 only were provided, a simplified electrical circuit such as shown in figure 4 may be provided.
  • the corresponding pressure increase in the space 28 above the piston 11 is communicated via the passageway 27 to the switch 30 and this will cause completion of an electrical circuit and an otherwise unlit light emitting diode 45a. to be lit.
  • an operator thus knows that the piston 11 is at its top dead centre position.
  • one pressure sensitive switch only such as switch 31 may be provided, only sensitive to a decrease in pressure in the space 28 above the piston, such that only movement of the piston 11 away from its top dead centre position causes a circuit within the pressure sensitive switch to be completed.
  • a light emitting diode will indicate to an operator by not lighting, where top dead centre occurs.
  • an alternative type of pressure sensitive switch may be provided in which an electrical circuit therethrough is broken when a pressure above or below a threshold pressure is sensed.
  • an alternative kind of electrical circuit to that described with reference to figures 3 or 4 would need to be provided such that an indicating means such as a light emitting diode becomes lit or extinguished upon an incremental movement of the crankshaft 13, to indicate to an operator top dead centre position when the electrical circuit through the respective switch or switches 30,31, is broken.
  • one switch 30 or 31 may close an electrical circuit when sufficient pressure or vacuum is sensed, and the other switch opens an electrical circuit, with indicating devices being provided as desired.
  • the volume of the space 28 in the cylinder above the piston when the piston is at top dead centre position for a diesel engine is about 20 millilitres or for a petrol engine is about 50 millilitres.
  • the gas volume of the passageway 27 including the T piece 29 and within the switches 30,31 is not significant compared with the volume of the space 28 by which I mean that it does not have a gas volume of more than 30% and preferably 15% of the volume of space 28 when the piston is at top dead centre.
  • the dead volume of gas within the or each switch 30,31, to one side of the diaphragm therein is about 0.20 millilitres and the volume of passageway 27 within T piece 29 about 0.4 millilitres.
  • Passageway 27 of the adaptor 24 has an overall length between T piece 29 and opening 25 of about 1 metre and an internal diameter of 1.5 millimetres giving a volume of about 1.7 millilitres. Hence the total volume of adapter 24 and switches 30,31, and piece 29 adds up to about 2.57 millilitres.
  • a significantly shorter and/or narrow diameter passageway 27 may be provided.
  • the pressure sensitive switches 30,31 may be connected to the space 28 so as not to increase the volume of gas upon which the piston otherwise would act, by more than 10%.
  • switch 30 or 31 is provided, again preferably the volume of switch 30 or 31 and the connection to the space 28 does not increase the gas volume of gas on which piston 11 would otherwise act by more than 30%, more preferably not more than 15%, or for more accurate determination, by more than 10%.
  • the indicating means comprises a marking device M which, upon each incremental movement of the crankshaft 13 towards and/or away from its top dead centre position, marks a movable part of the engine 10 in this example the drive belt 19, at a reference position R.
  • the marking device M is arranged not to provide any marking on the drive belt 19.
  • crankshaft 13 can be rotated to bring the piston 11 to a top dead centre position subsequently without needing to utilise the output from the pressure sensitive switches 30,31, by rotating the crankshaft 13 to the position where the markings cease adjacent the reference position R.
  • the marking device M may be arranged to mark the drive belt 19 or other movable part of the engine only when an incremental movement of the crankshaft 13 fails to result in a response from the or either pressure sensitive switch 30,31.
  • the electrical circuit in which the pressure sensitive switch or switches is/are contained includes a memory means, and a movable part of the engine 10, such as the drive belt 19 is provided with a transducer such as an inductive transducer t clamped to the belt 19, there being a sensor to sense the position of the transducer as the crankshaft 13 is manually rotated, and to provide a signal to the circuit.
  • a transducer such as an inductive transducer t clamped to the belt 19
  • top dead centre position of piston 11 as sensed by switch or switches 30,31, can be memorised and the piston 11 returned to its top dead centre position subsequently by relying upon a signal from the memory, and the circuit recognising the position of the transducer relative to the sensor.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Testing Of Engines (AREA)

Abstract

On décrit un procédé de détermination de la position du point mort haut d'un piston (11) et d'un cylindre (12) de type alternatif d'un moteur à combustion interne (10) à l'arrêt, qui comporte un vilebrequin (13) entraîne par le piston (11) par l'intermédiaire d'une tige de piston (14). Le procédé consiste à raccorder à un espace (28) dans le cylindre (12) un commutateur manométrique à membrane (30, 31) conçu pour changer d'état de fonctionnement lorsqu'il détecte une pression située au-dessus ou au-dessous d'une pression seuil afin de fermer ou ouvrir un circuit électrique. Le procédé consiste également à raccorder le commutateur manométrique à membrane (30, 31) à un circuit électrique qui comporte un élément (45, 46; 45a^_) indiquant le moment où l'état de fonctionnement du commutateur manométrique à membrane (30, 31) change, et à faire tourner le vilebrequin (13) à la main jusqu'à ce que l'élément indicateur (45, 46; 45a^_) n'indique aucun chagement de l'état de fonctionnement du commutateur manométrique à membrane (30, 31) pour un mouvement correspondant du vilebrequin (13).
PCT/GB1993/000044 1992-01-11 1993-01-11 Determination du point mort haut WO1993014387A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9413844A GB2277995B (en) 1992-01-11 1993-01-11 Determining top dead centre

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB929200542A GB9200542D0 (en) 1992-01-11 1992-01-11 Top dead centre measurement apparatus
GB9200542.0 1992-01-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993014387A1 true WO1993014387A1 (fr) 1993-07-22

Family

ID=10708429

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1993/000044 WO1993014387A1 (fr) 1992-01-11 1993-01-11 Determination du point mort haut

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (2) GB9200542D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993014387A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6553305B2 (en) * 2000-12-29 2003-04-22 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Real time adaptive engine position estimation

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2149620A (en) * 1937-03-10 1939-03-07 John E Nekowitsch Timer checking device
GB1233475A (fr) * 1968-06-25 1971-05-26
US4088011A (en) * 1975-07-24 1978-05-09 Bodine Kenneth E Gasoline engine piston position tester
US4836015A (en) * 1988-06-14 1989-06-06 General Motors Corporation Method and apparatus for determining the compression ratio of an engine cylinder

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2149620A (en) * 1937-03-10 1939-03-07 John E Nekowitsch Timer checking device
GB1233475A (fr) * 1968-06-25 1971-05-26
US4088011A (en) * 1975-07-24 1978-05-09 Bodine Kenneth E Gasoline engine piston position tester
US4836015A (en) * 1988-06-14 1989-06-06 General Motors Corporation Method and apparatus for determining the compression ratio of an engine cylinder

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6553305B2 (en) * 2000-12-29 2003-04-22 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Real time adaptive engine position estimation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2277995B (en) 1995-05-10
GB9413844D0 (en) 1994-08-31
GB2277995A (en) 1994-11-16
GB9200542D0 (en) 1992-03-11

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