WO1993007231A1 - Nouvelles compositions de pentafluoroethane et de monochlorodifluoromethane - Google Patents
Nouvelles compositions de pentafluoroethane et de monochlorodifluoromethane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993007231A1 WO1993007231A1 PCT/US1992/008065 US9208065W WO9307231A1 WO 1993007231 A1 WO1993007231 A1 WO 1993007231A1 US 9208065 W US9208065 W US 9208065W WO 9307231 A1 WO9307231 A1 WO 9307231A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compositions
- refrigerant
- weight percent
- refrigeration
- temperature
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000008137 solubility enhancer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 32
- SGVQWMHGPNLWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(difluoro)methane;1-chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl.FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl SGVQWMHGPNLWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000926 atmospheric chemistry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019406 chloropentafluoroethane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
Definitions
- This invention relates to novel compositions of pentafluoroethane and chlorodifluoromethane. These mixtures have unusual efficiency and capacity as fluids for heating and cooling.
- Fluorocarbon based fluids have found widespread use in industry for refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump applications.
- Vapor compression cycles are one form of refrigeration.
- the vapor compression cycle involves changing the refrigerant from the liquid to the vapor phase through heat absorption at a low pressure, and then from the vapor to the liquid phase through heat removal at an elevated pressure.
- the refrigerant is vaporized in the evaporator which is in contact with the body to be cooled.
- the pressure in the evaporator is such that the boiling point of the refrigerant is below the temperature of the body to be cooled.
- the formed vapor is then removed by means of a compressor in order to maintain the low pressure in the evaporator.
- the temperature and pressure of the vapor are then raised through the additional of mechanical energy by the compressor.
- the high pressure vapor then passes to the condenser whereupon heat exchange takes place with a cooler medium and the sensible and latent heats are removed with subsequent condensation.
- the hot liquid refrigerant then passes to the expansion valve and is ready to cycle again.
- While the primary purpose of refrigeration is to remove energy at low temperature, the primary purpose of a heat pump is to add energy at higher temperature.
- Heat pumps are considered reverse cycle systems because, for heating, the operation of the condenser is interchanged with that of the refrigeration evaporator.
- chlorofluorocarbons have gained widespread use in refrigeration applications including air conditioning and heat pump applications owing to their unique combination of chemical and physical properties.
- refrigerants utilized in vapor compression systems are either single component fluids or azeotropic mixtures.
- the alternative or substitute materials must also possess those properties unique to the CFC's including chemical stability, low toxicity, non-flammability, and efficiency in use.
- the latter characteristic is important, for example, in air conditioning and refrigeration where a loss in refrigerant thermodynamic performance or energy efficiency may have secondary environmental impacts through increased fossil fuel usage arising from an increased demand for electrical energy.
- refrigerants utilized in vapor compression systems are either single component fluids or azeotropic mixtures.
- the latter are binary mixtures, but for all refrigeration purposes behave as single component fluids.
- Nonazeotropic mixtures have been disclosed as refrigerants for example in U.S. Patent 4,303,536 but have not found widespread use in commercial applications.
- condensation and evaporation temperatures of single component fluids are defined clearly. If we ignore the small pressure drops in the refrigerant lines, the condensation or evaporation occurs at a single temperature corresponding to the condenser or evaporation pressure. For mixtures ' being employed as refrigerants, there is no single phase change temperature but a range of temperatures. This range is governed by the vapor-liquid equilibrium behavior of the mixture. This property of mixtures is responsible for the fact that when nonazeotropic mixtures are used in the refrigeration cycle, the temperature in the condenser or the evaporator has no longer a single uniform value, even if the pressure drop effect is ignored. Instead, the temperature varies across the equipment, regardless of the pressure drop. In the art this variation in the temperature across an equipment is known as temperature glide.
- Another object of the invention is to provide such compositions for use in the aforementioned applications which are environmentally acceptable.
- Still another object of the invention is to provide such compositions which exhibit a small temperature glide.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide such compositions which may be used as a replacement for Refrigerant 502.
- Refrigerant 502 is a blend of 48.8 weight percent HCFC-22 and 51.2 weight percent CFC-115 (monochlorodifluoromethane) .
- compositions comprising from about 25 to about 75 weight percent pentafluoroethane (HFC- 125) and from about 75 to about 25 weight percent ono- chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) which are useful in cooling and heating applications.
- HFC- 125 pentafluoroethane
- HCFC-22 ono- chlorodifluoromethane
- compositions of the invention comprise from about 30 to about 70 weight percent HFC-125 and from about 70 to about 30 weight percent HCFC-22.
- compositions of the invention comprise from about 40 to about 60 weight percent HFC-125 and from about 60 to about 40 weight percent HCFC-22.
- compositions of the invention comprise about 50 weight percent of HFC-125 and about 50 weight percent of HCFC-22.
- the compositions of the invention may be used in a method for producing refrigeration which involves condensing a fluid comprising the compositions and thereafter evaporating the refrigerant in the vicinity of a body to be cooled.
- this process is conventional.
- compositions of the invention may be used in a method for producing heating which involves condensing a fluid comprising the compositions in the vicinity of a body to be heated and thereafter evaporating the refrigerant.
- this process is conventional.
- the HFC-125 and HCFC-22 components of the novel compositions of the invention are known materials, preferably they should be used in sufficiently high purity so as to avoid the introduction of adverse influences upon the properties of the system.
- the novel compositions of the invention exhibit, at certain operating conditions, a higher refrigeration capacity than that of either of its HFC-125 or HCFC-22 components. This result is particularly surprising in view of the fact that these mixtures exhibit negative deviations from Raoult's Law which suggest lower vapor pressures and correspondingly of the invention also exhibit an unexpectedly low temperature glide.
- compositions may include one or more additional components, such as auxiliary refrigerants or heating media, lubricants or other additives.
- additional components may or may not form azeotropic compositions with the HFC-125 and HCFC-22 components.
- propane which may be added to enhance solubility of lubricants (particularly mineral oils) in the HFC-125/HCFC-22 compositions of this invention. If propane is used as an additive, it should be present in an amount effective to improve the solubility of the lubricant in the claimed composition. Generally, about 1.1 to about 7.6 and, preferably about 2.2 to about 6.6 weight percent of the propane based on the weight of the HFC- 125 and HCFC-22 is effective for this purpose (or from about l to about 7 and, preferably about 2 to about 6 weight percent based on the entire composition) .
- the propane which is present forms an azeotrope with the HFC-125 component of the compositions of the invention.
- VLE vapor-liquid equilibrium
- the VLE of the system was measured by charging a stainless steel cell of approximately 150 cubic centimeter volume with a known amount of HFC-125.
- the vessel was equipped with a magnetically driven stirrer and a 0-3000 kPa pressure transducer accurate to + 0.2%.
- the VLE cell was frozen to reduce the vapor pressure of the first component and then a known amount of HCFC-22 was added.
- the vessel was submerged in a constant temperature bath controlled to within + 0.03K.
- the vapor pressure measurement was recorded once thermal equilibrium was attained.
- the vapor phase and the liquid phase samples were taken and analyzed on a gas chromatograph after shutting down the stirrer. This procedure was repeated at different HFC-125 and HCFC-22 compositions. Table I summarizes the results of these experiments.
- the theoretical performance of a refrigerant at specific operating conditions can be estimated from the thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant using standard refrigeration cycle analysis techniques, see for example, "Fluorocarbons Refrigerants Handbook", ch. 3, Prentice-Hall. (1988), by R.C. Downing.
- the coefficient of performance, COP is a universally accepted measure, especially useful in representing the relative thermodynamic efficiency of a refrigerant in a specific heating or cooling cycle involving evaporation or condensation of the refrigerant. In refrigeration engineering this term expresses the ratio of the useful refrigeration to the energy applied by the compressor in compressing the vapor.
- the capacity of a refrigerant represents the volumetric efficiency of the refrigerant.
- this value expresses the capability of a compressor to pump quantities of heat for a given volumetric flow rate of refrigerant.
- a refrigerant with a higher capacity will deliver more cooling or heating power.
- a similar calculation can also be performed for nonazeotropic refrigerant blends.
- the temperature glide of the mixture compositions claimed is small enough to be negligible and does not pose a problem for conventional refrigeration units. This was an unexpected discovery since it is known that for ideal mixtures the temperature glide is approximately one-third of the boiling point difference. (Ref: P.S. Burr and G. G. Haselden, "Proceedings of the Institute of Refrigeration, pp. 18-26, Vol. 71, 1974-5) . Based on this rule, the temperature glide for the mixture compositions claimed would be expected to be about 4°F. Surprisingly, the actual temperature glide for the claimed mixtures is about 1°F which is much smaller than what would have been expected.
- Table II depicts the relationships of COP, capacity, compressor discharge pressure and the compressor discharge temperature, respectively, as a function of the mixture composition at an average condensing temperature of 100"F.
- Table III depicts the relationship of the same quantities as a function of compositions at an average condensing temperature of 140°F.
- Tables II and III in the composition ranges studied, the blends provide a modest improvement in COP compared to that attainable with Refrigerant 502.
- the blends also produce discharge temperatures and pressures similar to that produced by Refrigerant 502 used in the art. It is noted from these Tables that HCFC-22 alone gives a higher discharge temperature in a compressor. A high discharge temperature usually results in a loss of compressor reliability. We have already noted the loss in capacity with HFC-125 at high condensing temperatures.
- the compositions of the invention give low discharge temperatures similar to those obtained with Refrigerant 502 without the loss in capacity associated with HFC-125 alone. This shows that one could replace the ozone layer destroying Refrigerant 502 with the claimed compositions of HFC-125 and HCFC- 22 in existing refrigeration machines without substantial modifications.
- Tables II and III document the unexpected advantages that result from combining HCFC-22 with HFC- 125 in certain proportions.
- the condensing temperatures in air cooled low temperature refrigeration systems located in hot climates are in the order of 140 ⁇ F.
- the refrigeration capacity of the nonazeotropic mixtures containing 30 to 70 percent by weight HFC-125 is higher than that of HCFC-22 or HFC-125 alone, as the data in Table III indicate.
- this result is surprising in view of the fact that these mixtures exhibit negative deviations from Raoult's Law which suggest lower vapor pressures and correspondingly lower refrigeration capacities.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR9206584A BR9206584A (pt) | 1991-10-03 | 1992-09-23 | Novas composições compreendendo penta fluor-etano e mono-cloro-di-fluor-metano e processos para produzir refrigeração e aquecimento |
JP5506942A JPH06511489A (ja) | 1991-10-03 | 1992-09-23 | ペンタフルオロエタンおよびモノクロロジフルオロメタンを含む新規な組成物 |
EP92920818A EP0606342A1 (fr) | 1991-10-03 | 1992-09-23 | Nouvelles compositions de pentafluoroethane et de monochlorodifluoromethane |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US77068891A | 1991-10-03 | 1991-10-03 | |
US770,688 | 1991-10-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993007231A1 true WO1993007231A1 (fr) | 1993-04-15 |
Family
ID=25089372
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1992/008065 WO1993007231A1 (fr) | 1991-10-03 | 1992-09-23 | Nouvelles compositions de pentafluoroethane et de monochlorodifluoromethane |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0606342A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH06511489A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1070936A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2672292A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9206584A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2120237A1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX9205556A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1993007231A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5616276A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1997-04-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope-like refrigerants with chlorodifluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, and C2 -C4 hydrocarbon |
US5723057A (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1998-03-03 | Elf Atochem S.A. | Pseudo-azeotropic mixture of chlorodifluoromethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane and pentafluoroethane, and its application as a refrigerant in low-temperature refrigeration |
US6106740A (en) * | 1995-08-18 | 2000-08-22 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Non-azeotropic refrigerant composition of CO2, R-125, R-143a and R-22 |
US6299792B1 (en) | 1998-01-16 | 2001-10-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Halogenated hydrocarbon refrigerant compositions containing polymeric oil-return agents |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104482598A (zh) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-01 | 常熟市兴华机电设备安装工程有限责任公司 | 一种高功效节能型空调 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0331760A1 (fr) * | 1987-09-21 | 1989-09-13 | Daikin Industries, Limited | Refrigerant |
US4978467A (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1990-12-18 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of pentafluoroethane and difluoromethane |
GB2247462A (en) * | 1990-08-29 | 1992-03-04 | Star Refrigeration | Two component refrigerant |
WO1992011338A1 (fr) * | 1990-12-17 | 1992-07-09 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions d'hydrocarbures fluores a point d'ebullition constant |
EP0419042B1 (fr) * | 1989-09-12 | 1994-10-19 | Star Refrigeration Ltd. | Réfrigérant à trois composants |
EP0492777B1 (fr) * | 1990-12-05 | 1995-05-10 | Star Refrigeration Ltd. | Refrigérant multicomposant |
-
1992
- 1992-09-23 BR BR9206584A patent/BR9206584A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-09-23 AU AU26722/92A patent/AU2672292A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-09-23 CA CA 2120237 patent/CA2120237A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1992-09-23 WO PCT/US1992/008065 patent/WO1993007231A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-09-23 JP JP5506942A patent/JPH06511489A/ja active Pending
- 1992-09-23 EP EP92920818A patent/EP0606342A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-09-30 MX MX9205556A patent/MX9205556A/es unknown
- 1992-10-03 CN CN 92111463 patent/CN1070936A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0331760A1 (fr) * | 1987-09-21 | 1989-09-13 | Daikin Industries, Limited | Refrigerant |
EP0419042B1 (fr) * | 1989-09-12 | 1994-10-19 | Star Refrigeration Ltd. | Réfrigérant à trois composants |
US4978467A (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1990-12-18 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of pentafluoroethane and difluoromethane |
GB2247462A (en) * | 1990-08-29 | 1992-03-04 | Star Refrigeration | Two component refrigerant |
EP0492777B1 (fr) * | 1990-12-05 | 1995-05-10 | Star Refrigeration Ltd. | Refrigérant multicomposant |
WO1992011338A1 (fr) * | 1990-12-17 | 1992-07-09 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions d'hydrocarbures fluores a point d'ebullition constant |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN 20 September 1988 & JP,A,63 105 088 ( SANYO ELECTRIC ) 10 May 1988 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5616276A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1997-04-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope-like refrigerants with chlorodifluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, and C2 -C4 hydrocarbon |
US5723057A (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1998-03-03 | Elf Atochem S.A. | Pseudo-azeotropic mixture of chlorodifluoromethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane and pentafluoroethane, and its application as a refrigerant in low-temperature refrigeration |
US6106740A (en) * | 1995-08-18 | 2000-08-22 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Non-azeotropic refrigerant composition of CO2, R-125, R-143a and R-22 |
US6299792B1 (en) | 1998-01-16 | 2001-10-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Halogenated hydrocarbon refrigerant compositions containing polymeric oil-return agents |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0606342A1 (fr) | 1994-07-20 |
MX9205556A (es) | 1993-04-01 |
CA2120237A1 (fr) | 1993-04-15 |
AU2672292A (en) | 1993-05-03 |
JPH06511489A (ja) | 1994-12-22 |
CN1070936A (zh) | 1993-04-14 |
BR9206584A (pt) | 1995-11-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0533673B2 (fr) | Compositions de pentafluoroethane et de difluoromethane analogues a l'azeotrope | |
EP0576550B1 (fr) | Compositions refrigerantes non azeotropes comprenant du difluoromethane, du 1,1,1-trifluoroethane ou du propane | |
US5211867A (en) | Azeotrope-like compositions of pentafluoroethane and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane | |
US4943388A (en) | Azeotrope-like compositions of pentafluoroethane; 1,1,1-trifluoroethane; and chlorodifluoromethane | |
US5294359A (en) | Refrigerant compositions | |
US4948526A (en) | Azeotrope-like compositions of pentafluorodimethyl ether and monochlorodifluoromethane | |
AU692567B2 (en) | Refrigerant compositions | |
WO1993015163A1 (fr) | Nouvelles compositions de refrigerants | |
JPH07502775A (ja) | 冷媒として有用な組成物 | |
EP0770112B1 (fr) | Compositions refrigerantes | |
WO1993007231A1 (fr) | Nouvelles compositions de pentafluoroethane et de monochlorodifluoromethane | |
JPH07502774A (ja) | 冷媒として有用な組成物 | |
US5888418A (en) | Azeotropic refrigerant comprising bis-(difluoromethyl)ether and 1,1,2-trifluoroethane | |
EP0922077A1 (fr) | Compositions refrigerantes | |
WO1991009089A1 (fr) | Compositions de type azeotrope de 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane et de 1,1-difluoroethane | |
EP0850286A1 (fr) | Fluide frigorigene hydrofluorocarbone | |
WO1996002605A1 (fr) | Compositions refrigerantes | |
WO1993016143A1 (fr) | Compositions refrigerantes de monochlorodifluoromethane, de pentafluoroethane et de 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane | |
WO1996002603A1 (fr) | Compositions refrigerantes | |
Chernyak et al. | Thermodynamic properties of HFC-32/HFC-125 mixtures and an estimation of its environmental impact and utility in refrigeration | |
WO1994026836A1 (fr) | Compositions de type azeotrope a base de pentafluorethane et d'1,1,1-trifluorethane |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AU BB BG BR CA CS FI HU JP KP KR LK MG MN MW NO PL RO RU SD |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR SN TD TG |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1992920818 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2120237 Country of ref document: CA |
|
LE32 | Later election for international application filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date or according to rule 32.2 (b) | ||
EX32 | Extension under rule 32 effected after completion of technical preparation for international publication | ||
EX32 | Extension under rule 32 effected after completion of technical preparation for international publication | ||
LE32 | Later election for international application filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date or according to rule 32.2 (b) | ||
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1992920818 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1992920818 Country of ref document: EP |