WO1993003502A1 - Procede de fabrication de transistors a effet de champ mos de type vertical - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication de transistors a effet de champ mos de type vertical Download PDFInfo
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- WO1993003502A1 WO1993003502A1 PCT/JP1992/000929 JP9200929W WO9303502A1 WO 1993003502 A1 WO1993003502 A1 WO 1993003502A1 JP 9200929 W JP9200929 W JP 9200929W WO 9303502 A1 WO9303502 A1 WO 9303502A1
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- oxide film
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/64—Double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor [DMOS] FETs
- H10D30/66—Vertical DMOS [VDMOS] FETs
- H10D30/668—Vertical DMOS [VDMOS] FETs having trench gate electrodes, e.g. UMOS transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/28008—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
- H01L21/28017—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
- H01L21/28158—Making the insulator
- H01L21/28167—Making the insulator on single crystalline silicon, e.g. using a liquid, i.e. chemical oxidation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/10—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of the semiconductor bodies; Shapes of the semiconductor bodies
- H10D62/124—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of semiconductor bodies or of junctions between the regions
- H10D62/126—Top-view geometrical layouts of the regions or the junctions
- H10D62/127—Top-view geometrical layouts of the regions or the junctions of cellular field-effect devices, e.g. multicellular DMOS transistors or IGBTs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/40—Crystalline structures
- H10D62/405—Orientations of crystalline planes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/28008—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
- H01L21/28017—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
- H01L21/28158—Making the insulator
- H01L21/28167—Making the insulator on single crystalline silicon, e.g. using a liquid, i.e. chemical oxidation
- H01L21/28211—Making the insulator on single crystalline silicon, e.g. using a liquid, i.e. chemical oxidation in a gaseous ambient using an oxygen or a water vapour, e.g. RTO, possibly through a layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D64/00—Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
- H10D64/20—Electrodes characterised by their shapes, relative sizes or dispositions
- H10D64/27—Electrodes not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. gates
- H10D64/311—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices
- H10D64/411—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs
- H10D64/511—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs
- H10D64/512—Disposition of the gate electrodes, e.g. buried gates
- H10D64/513—Disposition of the gate electrodes, e.g. buried gates within recesses in the substrate, e.g. trench gates, groove gates or buried gates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/116—Oxidation, differential
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/126—Power FETs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vertical metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) used as a power semiconductor element, and is preferably employed alone or in a MOSIC incorporating a power semiconductor element.
- MOSFET vertical metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
- Vertical power M 0 SFETs have many features, such as excellent frequency characteristics, high switching speed, and low-power driving. It is used. For example, in the May 19, 1996 issue of “Nikkei Electronics” published by Nikkei McGraw-Hill Company, pp.165-188, the focus of power M0SFET development was low. It states that the product has been shifted to pressure-resistant products and high-voltage products. Furthermore, this document states that the on-resistance of a power MOSFET chip with a withstand voltage of 100 V or less has been reduced to the ⁇ ⁇ level. The use of microfabrication of LSI for the production of 1.0.0 SF layers and the modification of the shape of the cells can increase the channel width per area.
- the structure that forms a channel on the side surface of this groove is called R (Rectangular) -M0S or U ( ⁇ -shaped) -M0S because of its shape.
- the structure shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-83374 is an example of R-MOS, in which a vertical groove is formed on the element surface by anisotropic dry etching, and the side wall of this groove is formed. It is also called a trench gate type, which forms a channel and a gate, and can completely eliminate the JFET resistance component.
- 2-86171 is an example of a U-MOS, and the channel portion is formed by ⁇ anisotropic silicon by way of processing into a groove shape ⁇ .
- hot etching or L0C0S oxidation Lical Oxidation of Silicon
- this also can greatly reduce the JFET resistance component.
- Typical conventional examples of a vertical power M 0 SFET in which a channel is formed on the side surface of the groove are shown in Fig. 14 (R-MOS) and Fig. 15 (U-MOS).
- This vertical power MOSFET is used for ion implantation and thermal diffusion to the surface layer of an epitaxial layer 2 composed of an n-type layer provided on the main surface of a semiconductor substrate 1 composed of an n + type silicon.
- a P-type diffusion layer and an n + -type diffusion layer are sequentially formed.
- a reactive ion etching method is performed so that a part of the P-type diffusion layer and the n + -type diffusion layer is left as a p-type base layer 16 and an n + -type source layer 4, respectively.
- etching is performed in a direction perpendicular to the silicon substrate so as to penetrate the P-type diffusion layer, thereby forming a trench 50.
- a gate oxide film 8 is formed on the inner wall 51 of the trench 50, and a gate electrode 9 is formed thereon.
- the channel 5 is formed on the side wall of the inner wall 51, and the channel length is determined by the thickness of the p-type base layer 16.
- the source electrode 19 and the drain electrode 20 are in close contact with the n + -type source layer 4 and the back surface of the semiconductor substrate 1, respectively.
- the on-resistance between the drain and the source is almost equal to the sum of the channel resistance and the resistance of the n-type drain layer 6, and the above-mentioned DMOS type There is no JFET resistor in question. For this reason, the on-resistance monotonously decreases as the unit cell dimension a decreases, and can be reduced to the current limit of micromachining of 5 to 6 m, and the on-resistance per area can be reduced. Can be greatly reduced compared to the DMOS type.
- R-M0S has the disadvantage of low yield and low reliability. ⁇ The cause is that the trench 50 is formed by the reactive ion etching method.
- the flatness of the side wall surface of the inner wall 51 is poor and there are many defects, and the quality of the gate oxide film 8 formed by oxidizing the surface is poor. Then, the mobility is reduced and the threshold voltage is changed due to insulation failure of the gate oxide film, defects at the interface of the channel, and the like.
- the R—M0S structure has the advantage that the on-resistance per area can be greatly reduced.
- problems such as high cost due to low yield and difficulty in securing reliability due to poor stability of gate oxide film and channel part. .
- the U-MOS shown in FIG. 15 uses anisotropic wet etching or L0C0S oxidation instead of reactive ion etching as the process for forming the trench.
- anisotropic wet etching or L0C0S oxidation instead of reactive ion etching as the process for forming the trench.
- the flatness of the side wall surface is good, and a groove 50 having an inner wall 51 with few defects can be formed, and the quality of the gate oxide film 8 formed by oxidizing the surface is also good.
- a vertical power MOSFET with high yield and high reliability can be obtained, for example, insulation failure does not occur and channel characteristics can be stabilized. .
- FIG. 1 6 The vertical power MOSFET that describes this ⁇ one MOS of a manufacturing process according to FIG. 1 6 to 1 9 and 1 5, a semiconductor substrate made of n + -type sheet re Con as shown in FIG. 1 6
- a wafer 21 provided with an epitaxal layer 2 composed of an n-type layer provided on the main surface of the substrate 1 is provided with a mask formed of an integral film 2 2 partially formed on the main surface of the wafer at a period of the cell size a ′.
- selective ion implantation and thermal diffusion are performed to diffuse boron twice, thereby forming a ⁇ -type diffusion layer 23 and a ⁇ + -type contact region 17.
- the phosphorus is diffused by using the insulating film 24-partially formed on the main surface of the wafer 21 as a mask as shown in FIG.
- the ⁇ + -type diffusion layer 25 is formed so as to overlap the ⁇ -type diffusion layer 23 of the cell 15.
- the insulating film 26 partially formed on the main surface of the wafer 21 is used as a mask to perform anisotropic etching or L 0 etching.
- a trench 50 is formed by the C0S oxidation method.
- the peripheral portion of the adjacent ⁇ -type diffusion layer 23 and the center of the ⁇ + -type diffusion layer 25 are removed, and each unit cell having the unit cell dimension a ′ is removed.
- a ⁇ -type base layer 16 and an ⁇ + -type source layer 4 separated by a groove 50 are formed.
- a gate oxide film 8 is formed on the surface of the U groove 50 as shown in FIG.
- a gate electrode 9 made of polysilicon is formed.
- an interlayer insulating film 18 is formed on the main surface of the wafer 21 so as to cover the gate oxide film 8 and the gate electrode 9.
- holes are made to expose a part of the p + type base contact layer 17 and a part of the n + type source layer 4.
- a source electrode 19 is formed on the main surface of the wafer 21 in ohmic contact with the p + -type base contact layer 17 and the n-type source layer 4.
- a drain electrode 20 is formed on the back surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 to make ohmic contact, thereby completing a vertical power MOS FET having a U-MOS structure.
- the U-MOS shown in Fig. 15 has the same high yield and reliability as the DMOS type, and in this respect it is extremely superior to the R-MOS. This is because the U-groove 50 is formed by silicon wet etching or the L0C0S oxidation method, so that the inner wall 51 has good flatness and few defects. In addition, the film quality of the gate oxide film 8 formed by oxidizing the surface thereof is also improved, and insulation failure of the gate oxide film and change in characteristics of the channel portion are less likely to occur. .
- the on-resistance between the drain and source of the U-MOS is almost equal to the sum of the channel resistance and the resistance of the n-type drain layer 6 as in the case of R-M0S described above. Therefore, the JFET resistance of the JFET section 7 is sufficiently small. For this reason, the on-resistance monotonously decreases as the unit cell size a 'decreases as in the case of the R-MOS described above, but at the current limit of microfabrication, it is about 15 m of the DM0S type. It can only be made slightly smaller, and cannot be as small as 5-6 m for the R-M0S type.
- the on-resistance per area takes an intermediate value between the R-M0S type and the DM0S type.
- the U-MOS features the low on-resistance of the R-MOS while maintaining the high production yield and high reliability of the DMOS. It can be said that this is a structure that partially inherited the above.
- a is the unit cell dimension
- b is the distance between the upper ends of two adjacent U-grooves
- c ' is the distance between adjacent gate electrodes
- d' is the size of the contact hole
- e ' is the base. This is the dimension of the portion where the contact layer 17 is exposed on the surface.
- A is the plane distance between the center and the upper end of the groove 50
- ⁇ is the plane distance between the upper end of the groove 50 and the end of the gate electrode 9
- 7 ' is the contact between the end of the gate electrode 9 and the end.
- the plane distance between the end of the hole and 5 ' is the plane distance between the end of the contact hole and the end of the portion where the base contact layer 17 is exposed on the surface.
- the mask alignment accuracy is about 0.5 to 1 m
- the values in the above equation (1) are For example, take the following values.
- the value of the plane distance ⁇ ′ between the center and the upper end of the U-groove 50 is important.
- the dimensions of ' are the length of the bottom of the U-groove 50 and the processing accuracy, and the alignment accuracy of the insulating film 26 (the U-groove forming mask) with the ⁇ ⁇ -type diffusion layer 23. It is understood that it is decided by. 2 0, and two ⁇ -type diffusion layer 2 3 centerline CL t adjacent, fragmentary cross-sectional view including a U-shaped groove 5 0 when the center line CL 2 of the two insulating films 2 6 adjacent overlaps This corresponds to the case where there is no mask shift. In this case, ⁇ 'is given by the following equation (4).
- a 'i is 1/2
- a of the base portion and the n-type de Rei down layer 6 is in contact length of the U-groove 5 0' 2 are in contact bottom portion and a p-type base layer 1 6 of the U-shaped groove 5 0
- the length, a ′ 3 is the length projected on the main surface of the wafer 21 on the side wall of the U-groove 50.
- the left and right a'2 in Fig. 20 are clearly equal.
- power, and, in reality the Do of the left and right Ri by the that there is a deviation of the mask alignment '2 depends, for its formula (4) sections caries Chi a in' 2 1. It must be set to about 5 m.
- the center alignment of the two adjacent p-type diffusion layers 23 depends on the current mask alignment accuracy.
- Ri Do to the cormorant want Hisashisen CL 2 of the two insulating films 2 6 adjacent is misaligned to the right (for example, 1 m) this, even if to have to put the Yo I Do positional deviation,
- the edge portion 12 at the bottom of the U-groove 50 is formed with an n-type drain.
- the reduction limit of the unit cell dimension a ' is about 14.5 ⁇ m, which is This is about the same as the DMOS type of 15 m, and it was difficult to dramatically reduce the on-resistance per area.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a vertical power MOSFET which can reduce the on-resistance.
- the method of manufacturing a vertical power MOSFET according to the present invention is different from the conventional method, and the basic idea is that a substantial groove is formed before forming the base layer and the source layer.
- the manufacturing method of the vertical MOS FET according to the present invention is as follows.
- a first conductivity type semiconductor layer having a lower impurity concentration than the semiconductor substrate is formed on one main surface side of the semiconductor substrate, and a predetermined region is selected using the surface of the low concentration semiconductor layer as a main surface.
- the selective oxide film is removed to form a groove structure having the predetermined depth, and an inner wall of the groove including a portion serving as the channel is oxidized to form a gate oxide film.
- Source and drain electrodes forming a source electrode that is in electrical contact with the source layer and the base layer, and a drain electrode that is in electrical contact with the other main surface of the semiconductor substrate Forming process and
- the base layer and the source layer are formed by self-aligned double diffusion using the selective oxide film as a diffusion mask, and at the same time, a channel is formed on the side wall of the semiconductor layer which is covered by the selective oxide film. A tunnel area is set. Further, this selective oxide film is removed in a later step, and becomes a groove in which a gate electrode is set.
- the channel is formed on the side wall of the groove in a self-aligned manner by the end face of the selective oxide film. Therefore, the channel of the adjacent cell formed on each side wall of the groove is formed.
- the flannel has a precisely symmetric structure.
- the base layer is diffused in a self-aligned manner using the selective oxide film as a mask, the base layer is accurately positioned on the side wall of the groove and is formed by diffusion. Can be precisely controlled. Therefore, the diffusion conditions can be set so that the base layer exactly covers the edge of the groove bottom.
- a groove is formed by the selective oxidation method, and the base layer, the source layer, and the channel are formed by self-aligned double diffusion using the selective oxide film as a mask.
- the edge at the bottom of the groove can be accurately detected in each cell.
- the structure can be made symmetrical.
- FIG. 1A is a plan view showing a part of a vertical power M 0 SFET according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1A
- FIGS. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a principal part for describing a manufacturing process of the vertical power MOSFET according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a principal part used for describing the manufacturing process of the U-MOS type vertical power MOSFET.
- Figure 20 shows the conventional U-MOS type vertical power M0S FET manufacturing process.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a vertical power MO SFET according to a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 23 (a) is a schematic view showing a part of the vertical power MO SFET according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 23 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 23 (a)! II.
- FIG. 1A is a plan view of a vertical power MOSFET formed of a square unit cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 2 to 13 are cross-sectional views of a wafer, which is a work at each stage in the manufacture of the vertical power M0SFET, and correspond to FIG. 1 (b).
- Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a wafer implanted with boron ions to form the center of the p-type base layer
- Fig. 3 shows the dimensions of a silicon nitride film for L0C0S oxidation in a unit cell.
- FIG. 1A is a plan view of a vertical power MOSFET formed of a square unit cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 2 to 13 are cross-sectional views of a
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a wafer patterned with silicon nitride windows
- FIG. 5 is a L0C0S oxide film formed.
- Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a wafer that has been implanted with poro-ion to form a p-type base layer using a LOCOS oxide film as a mask.
- Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a p-type base layer formed by thermal diffusion. cross-sectional view of the wafer was formed, FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the wafer was re N'ion injected for as a mask LOCOS oxide film n + -type source over scan layer formation, 9 are shorted with a thermal diffusion n + Cross-sectional view of the wafer on which the mold source layer is formed.
- Figure 10 shows the gate acid by thermal oxidation after removing the LOCOS film.
- Cross-section of a wafer with a gate oxide film
- Figure 11 is a cross-section of a wafer with a gate electrode formed on a gate oxide film
- Figure 12 is a diagram of a p + -type base contact layer.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a wafer on which a P + -type base contact layer has been formed by thermal diffusion, and Fig. 1 (b) shows the interlayer insulation. It is a completed sectional view of the wafer on which the film, the source electrode, and the drain electrode are formed.
- the main part that is, the unit cell portion has a structure as shown in FIG. 1, and the unit cell 15 has a pitch width (unit cell size).
- wafer 21 has an impurity concentration of about 10 211 cm— 3 and a thickness of 100 to 300; n-type epitaxy with an impurity density of about 10 ie cm- 3 on a semiconductor substrate 1 composed of im n + type silicon and a thickness of about 7 ⁇ m Layer 2 is formed, and unit cell 15 is formed on the main surface of wafer 21.
- a LOCOS oxide film with a thickness of about 3 is formed on the main surface of the wafer 21 to form a U-groove 50 with a unit cell dimension a of about 1 2 / ⁇ 1 and this oxide film is used as a mask.
- a p-type base layer 16 having a junction depth of about 3; and an ⁇ + type source layer 4 having a junction depth of about 1 m are formed by self-aligned double diffusion.
- the channel 5 is set on the side wall 51 of the U groove 50.
- the junction depth of the ⁇ -type base layer 16 is set to a depth that does not cause breakage due to breakdown at the edge portion 12 at the bottom of the groove 50. Boron is diffused in the center of the ⁇ -type base layer 16 in advance so that the junction depth at the center of the ⁇ -type base layer 16 is deeper than the surroundings. It is set so that when a high voltage is applied between the sources, a breakdown occurs at the center of the bottom surface of the ⁇ -type base layer 16.
- the diffusion mask and the LOCOS oxide film used for forming the trench 50 are removed, and the inner wall of the trench 50 'has a gate oxide with a thickness of about 6 O nm.
- a film 8 is formed, and a gate electrode 9 made of polysilicon having a thickness of about 400 rim and an interlayer insulating layer made of BPSG having a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m are further formed thereon.
- a film 18 has been formed. Et al is, the junction depth in the central portion a surface of the p-type base layer 1 6 0.
- a drain electrode 20 is formed so as to make ohmic contact with the back surface of the semiconductor substrate 1.
- the P-type base layer 16 and the n + -type source layer 4 are double-diffused by self-alignment using the LOCOS oxide film as a mask. To check the mask alignment accuracy.
- equations (1) to (7) which are established in the conventional U—M 0 S shown in FIG. 15, p in the bottom of the U groove 50 in equation (4) is eliminated. The length ⁇ 2 ′ in contact with the mold base layer 16 can be ignored.
- the plane distance ⁇ between the center and the upper end of the U-groove 50 is 3 m. Can be reduced to 1.5 m.
- the unit cell dimension a can be reduced from 14.5 m of the conventional U-MOS shown in FIG. 15 to 11.5 ⁇ m, and the channel per area can be reduced. If the tunnel width is large, it can be reduced to a value close to the on-resistance per area of R-M0S shown in Fig.14.
- a wafer 21 is prepared in which an n ⁇ type epitaxial layer 2 is grown on a main surface of a semiconductor substrate 1 made of an n + type silicon.
- the semiconductor substrate 1 This impurity concentration is set to about 1 0 2 Q cm- 3. Further, in Epitakisharu layer 2 has a thickness force rather 7 ⁇ about m, the impurity 1 ⁇ degree has a 1 0 1 6 cm one 3 mm.
- the main surface of the wafer 21 is thermally oxidized to form a field oxide film 60 having a thickness of about 6 O nm, and then a resist film 61 is deposited thereon to form a known photolithography process. Then, the resist film 61 is patterned on the pattern opening at the center of the cell forming position.
- the registry membrane 6 1 Boron B 4 as a mask to Lee on-infusion.
- a P-type diffusion layer 62 having a junction depth of about 3 m is formed by thermal diffusion as shown in FIG.
- the p-type diffusion layer 62 eventually becomes a part of a p-type base layer 16 described later, and when a high voltage is applied between the drain and the source, the p-type diffusion layer 62 The purpose is to improve the surge resistance by causing a stable break-down at the bottom of the battery.
- a silicon nitride film 6 is formed on the main surface of the wafer 21.
- the silicon nitride film 63 is patterned to form a lattice-shaped opening pattern that is opened with a pitch width (dimension of the unit cell 15) a.
- the opening pattern is mask-aligned so that the above-described p-type diffusion layer 62 is located at the center of the pitch interval.
- the silicon oxide film 63 is used as a mask to etch the field oxide film 60, and the n-type epitaxial layer 2 is continued to a depth of about 1.5 m. Etching is performed to form grooves 64.
- the portion of the groove 64 is thermally oxidized using the silicon nitride film 63 as a mask.
- This is an oxidation method well-known as the L0C0S (Local Oxidation of Silicon) method, and the LOCOS oxide film 65 is formed by this oxidation, and at the same time, the LOCOS oxide film 65 A U-shaped groove 50 is formed on the etched n-type epitaxial layer 2 and the shape of the groove 50 is determined.
- the distance b between the upper ends of the adjacent grooves 50 is determined by the dimensions of the silicon nitride film 63, but is slightly shortened by side oxidation due to so-called bird's beak.
- the reduction of this dimension is about 0.5 m, and can be controlled with high precision.
- the inclination angle of the side surface of the groove 50 with respect to the main surface of the wafer 21 should be 45 ° or more. This is undesirable. It can be controlled by setting the depth of the formed groove 64.
- the distance between the upper ends of the adjacent U grooves 50 is about 8.5 m.
- the plane distance ⁇ between the center and the upper end of the ⁇ groove 50 is given by equation (8), similarly to the case of the conventional ⁇ -MOS given by FIG. 20 and equation (4).
- the inner wall surface of the U groove 50 formed by the LOCOS oxidation is flat and has few defects, and the surface is as good as the initial main surface of the wafer 21 shown in FIG. .
- a boron for forming the p-type base layer 16 through the thin field oxide film 60 is formed. Is ion-implanted. At this time, the boundary between the LOSOS oxide film 65 and the field oxide film 60 is in a self-aligned position, and the region for ion implantation is accurately defined.
- thermal diffusion is performed to a junction depth of about 3 m. Due to this thermal diffusion, the p-type diffusion layer 62 formed in advance in the step shown in FIG. 3 and the boron diffusion layer implanted in the step shown in FIG. A p-type base layer 16 is formed. Both end surfaces of the region of the p-type base layer 16 are defined in a self-aligned manner at the position of the side wall of the U-shaped groove 50.
- FIG. 8 the center of the surface of the p-type base layer 16 surrounded by the LOCOS oxide film 65 formed on the surface of the substrate 21 with a lattice pattern is shown in FIG.
- the resist film 66 and the L0C0S oxide film 65 patterned with the pattern left in the area are both used as masks to allow the thin field oxide film 60 to pass through the n + -type A phosphorus for forming the source layer 4 is ion-implanted. Also in this case, the boundary between the LOCOS oxide film 65 and the field oxide film 60 becomes a self-aligned position, as in the case where boron is ion-implanted in the process shown in FIG.
- junction depth of the mold base layer 16 It is important to set the junction depth of the mold base layer 16. That is, when a high voltage is applied between the drain and the source of the completed product of the vertical power M 0 SFET of the present embodiment, a break down occurs at the page 12 at the bottom of the U-groove 50. the cormorant I but not destroyed occurring, p-type base - scan layer 1 6 c this junction depth and this setting a junction depth is important for can with this defining Ri accurately by the thermal diffusion .
- the junction depth and the shape of the p-type base layer 16 are determined by the steps shown in FIGS. this! What is important in the shape of the p-type base layer 16 is that the position of the side surface of the p-type base layer 16 is determined by the side surface of the U-groove 50 and is self-aligned and thermally diffused. With respect to 0, the shape of the p-type base layer 16 is completely bilaterally symmetric. As a result, FIG.
- the LOCOS oxide film 65 is removed by cut etching to expose the inner wall 51 of the groove 50, and then the gate oxide having a thickness of about 6 O nm is formed by thermal oxidation.
- An oxide film 8 is formed.
- the inner wall 5 I of the U-shaped groove 50 has a good flatness and a good silicon with few defects. Since it is a surface, the film quality of the gate oxide film 8 formed by thermal oxidation of this surface, the interface state density at the channel 5 interface, and the carrier mobility are comparable to those of conventional DMOS. Good.
- a polysilicon film having a thickness of about 400 nm is deposited on the main surface of the wafer 21, and the distance between the upper ends of two adjacent U-grooves 50 is determined.
- a gate electrode 9 patterned so as to be shorter by 2 than the separation b and by the distance c is formed. In consideration of the mask alignment accuracy of 0.5 to lm, if / 3 is set to about 1 m so that the gate electrode 9 always terminates on the flat part of the main surface of the wafer 21, the adjacent two The distance c between the two gate electrodes 9 is 6.5 m.
- the steps shown in FIGS. 6 to 11 are the most important manufacturing steps in this embodiment, and the LOCOS oxide film 65 is used as a self-aligned double diffusion mask, and the p-type After forming the base layer 16, the n + -type source layer 4 and the channel 5, and then removing the L0C0S oxide film 65, a gate oxide film 8 and a gate electrode 9 are formed.
- thermal diffusion is performed to a junction depth of about 0.5 m to form a p-type base contact layer 17.
- the dimension e of the part where the p + -type base contact layer 17 is exposed on the surface is about 1.5 nm, which is defined by the pattern dimension of the resist film 68. .
- an interlayer insulating film 18 made of BPSG is formed on the main surface of the wafer 21 and a contact hole is formed in a part of the interlayer insulating film 18 to form a p + type.
- the base contact layer 17 and the n + type source layer 4 are exposed.
- a source electrode 19 made of an aluminum film is formed, and is connected to the P + -type base contact layer 17 and the n + -type source layer 4 through the contact hole. Make contact. In addition, it is used to protect aluminum film.
- a passivation film (not shown) made of silicon nitride or the like is formed by a plasma CVD method or the like, and a drain electrode 2 made of a three-layer film of TiZNiZAu is formed on the back surface of the wafer 21. 0 is formed, and a close contact is made with the n + type semiconductor substrate 1.
- the structure of the vertical power MOS FET according to the present embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 13 and FIG. 1 and the method of manufacturing the same have the following effects.
- the silicon surface on which the channel portion is formed is a silicon surface formed by removing the oxide film formed by the L0C0S oxidation method by the hot etching.
- the surface has good flatness and no defects. Therefore, regarding the quality of the gate oxide film formed by thermally oxidizing this surface, problems such as poor insulation, mobility degradation due to defects at the channel interface and threshold voltage change are the same as those of the conventional DMOS type. Small. As a result, the yield is high and the reliability is high.
- the durable invention has been specifically described based on the first embodiment.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and is not limited to the gist thereof. Needless to say, various changes can be made within the box.
- the source electrode 19 and the n + -type source layer 4 and the p + -type has a structure that makes ohmic contact with the side surface of the n + -type source layer 4.
- the n + -type source layer 4 is diffused over the entire upper surface of the p-type base layer 16 in the manufacturing process shown in FIGS.
- the p + -type base contactor penetrates the interlayer insulating film 18 and the n + -type source layer 4.
- the groove 52 leading to the cut layer 17 may be formed.
- the p + -type base contact layer 17 is formed in advance before the formation of the n + -type source layer 4.
- the accelerating voltage is increased to increase the voltage.
- Ri formed by the and this to noisy on-infusion, or, n + -type source over scan layer forming Boron prior to thermal diffusion and ion implantation thermal 3 ⁇ 4 distributed by Ri n + -type source in for Various settings can be made, such as forming simultaneously with the layer 4.
- the unit cell size of the vertical power MOS FET can be reduced to 1 O ⁇ m or less, and a cell size equivalent to that of the conventional R-M0S can be achieved, thereby dramatically reducing the on-resistance.
- the vertical power M0SFET with high yield and high reliability can be obtained.
- the wafer 21 has a main surface whose plane orientation is (111) or close to it.
- the surface of the n_ type epitaxy layer 2 corresponding to the bottom surface of the LOCOS oxide film 65 formed on the wafer 21 in the step shown in FIG. 5, that is, the bottom surface 53 of the U-groove 50 is located on the main surface. Since they are parallel, their plane orientation is also (1 1 1).
- optimization was performed by optimizing the surface direction of the sides of the rectangular unit cell 15 with respect to the surface direction of the main surface of the wafer 21 and setting the conditions in the LOC 0 S oxidation process shown in FIG.
- the surface direction of the side surface 54 of the U fine 50 is set to a direction having a low interface state density (100).
- the bottom surface 5.3 of the U-groove 50 (the plane orientation is (111) as described above) and the side surface 54 (plane orientation)
- the process conditions under which the bottom 53 has a higher oxidation rate are selected.
- a relatively fast oxidation time and a thin oxide film are required, where silicon oxidation is governed by the reaction rate, and the formation of a thin gate oxide film of about 60 nm satisfies this condition. .
- the thickness t B of the gate oxide film formed on the surface of the bottom surface 53 of the U groove 50 is equal to the thickness t B of the gate oxide film formed on the surface of the side surface 54 of the U groove 50. Thicker than the thickness t s . That is,
- equation (15) the thickness t B of the gate oxide film formed on the surface of the bottom 3 of the U-groove 5 0 in FIG. 1 Remind as in (16), U-groove
- the thickness can be made larger than the thickness ts of the gate oxide film formed on the surface of the side surface 54 of 50. Therefore, even when a high voltage is applied between the drain electrode 20 and the source electrode 19, the gate oxide film formed on the surface of the bottom surface 53 of the U-groove 50 does not The electric field strength can be reduced, and insulation breakdown of the gate oxide film can be prevented.
- the gate input capacitance at the bottom of the U-groove 50 which is composed of the bottom 53 of the U-groove 50, the gate oxide film formed on the surface thereof, and the gate electrode 9 is the thickness of the gate oxide film. Since it decreases in inverse proportion to the speed, high-speed switching becomes possible.
- the surface orientation of the side surface 54 of the U-groove 50 is set to an orientation having a low interface state density (100) and the interface state density of the channel 5 is set. Since the threshold voltage is reduced, the stability of the threshold voltage is good, the mobility of the channel is not reduced, and the resistance by hot carriers is strong. Long-term reliability of electrical characteristics can be maintained.
- FIG. 23 (a) is a schematic plan view showing a part of the vertical power MOSFET according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and the surface pattern of the gate electrode 9 is partly shown for easy viewing.
- FIG. 23 (b) is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 23 (a).
- the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- a pattern of triangular unit cells 15 and a U-shaped groove 50 of triangular pattern are used, and one side of the triangular shape is used.
- the surface direction is set to 2 1 1>, and the angle between the main surface of the wafer 21 and the side surface 54 of the U-groove 50 is 54, as shown in Fig. 23 (b). .
- the conditions in the L0C0S oxidation process shown in FIG. 5 are set.
- the plane orientation of all the side surfaces 54 of the groove 50 can be set to the minimum interface state (100), and a channel having the same good characteristics as the conventional planar type DMOSFET can be obtained. Can be formed.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention can be applied to a power ⁇ 0 SIC incorporating a MOS FET, and further to an insulated gate type bipolar transistor (IGBT) that performs bipolar operation.
- IGBT insulated gate type bipolar transistor
- plan shape of the unit cell is not limited to the squares and equilateral triangles described above.
- a rectangle, hexagon, etc. can be selected as appropriate.
- the change of the plane pattern can be easily changed by the formation pattern of the LOCOS oxide film 65.
- the vertical MOSFET according to the present invention unlike the conventional U-MOS, it is not necessary to form the U-groove having a sufficiently long bottom surface in consideration of the displacement of the U-groove with respect to the base layer edge.
- the length of the bottom of the U-groove can be reduced to the minimum necessary.
- the unit cell size can be significantly reduced, the on-resistance per area can be reduced to about the same level as R-MOS, and the manufacturing yield and reliability are the same as those of the DM0S type. Since it is about the same high, it is very effective to use it alone or as a MOSIC incorporating this element for power switching elements.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE69223128T DE69223128T2 (de) | 1991-07-26 | 1992-07-22 | Verfahren zur herstellung vertikaler mosfets |
US08/030,338 US5460985A (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1992-07-22 | Production method of a verticle type MOSFET |
EP92916224A EP0550770B1 (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1992-07-22 | Method of producing vertical mosfets |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP3/187602 | 1991-07-26 | ||
JP18760291 | 1991-07-26 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US08/413,410 Continuation-In-Part US5776812A (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1995-03-30 | Manufacturing method of semiconductor device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993003502A1 true WO1993003502A1 (fr) | 1993-02-18 |
Family
ID=16208987
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1992/000929 WO1993003502A1 (fr) | 1991-07-26 | 1992-07-22 | Procede de fabrication de transistors a effet de champ mos de type vertical |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5460985A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0550770B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69223128T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1993003502A1 (ja) |
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US5747851A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-05-05 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device with reduced breakdown voltage between the gate electrode and semiconductor surface |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0550770A4 (en) | 1993-08-25 |
DE69223128T2 (de) | 1998-07-09 |
DE69223128D1 (de) | 1997-12-18 |
EP0550770A1 (en) | 1993-07-14 |
EP0550770B1 (en) | 1997-11-12 |
US5460985A (en) | 1995-10-24 |
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