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WO1993002781A1 - Systeme portatif de purification d'eau - Google Patents

Systeme portatif de purification d'eau Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1993002781A1
WO1993002781A1 PCT/AU1992/000406 AU9200406W WO9302781A1 WO 1993002781 A1 WO1993002781 A1 WO 1993002781A1 AU 9200406 W AU9200406 W AU 9200406W WO 9302781 A1 WO9302781 A1 WO 9302781A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hollow fibre
liquid
water
outlet
hollow
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1992/000406
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michel Serge Maxime Lefebvre
Original Assignee
Astroa Pty. Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Astroa Pty. Limited filed Critical Astroa Pty. Limited
Publication of WO1993002781A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993002781A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
    • B01D67/0088—Physical treatment with compounds, e.g. swelling, coating or impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/20—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/031—Two or more types of hollow fibres within one bundle or within one potting or tube-sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/10—Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
    • B01D65/102—Detection of leaks in membranes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/003—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using household-type filters for producing potable water, e.g. pitchers, bottles, faucet mounted devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/24—Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
    • B01D2313/243—Pumps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for manually producing purified or sterile potable water from any available fresh water source, even polluted or contaminated sources.
  • the system comprises a hand-operated ultrafiltration pump designed for one person operation.
  • a portable, manually-operable water treatment system comprising manual pumping means operatively connected to a low-pressure hollow fibre membrane tube unit, means for supplying untreated water to the system, and means for dispensing treated water therefrom.
  • the outlet for dispensing the treated/sterile permeate from the water treatment system is adapted to be open only under positive pressure from within the system, to ensure that only treated water can flow out form the permeate side of the hollow fibre tube unit. At other times, the outlet is closed to the ingress of water or air from the outside.
  • means are provided to automatically stem the flow of liquid through individual hollow fibres when the fibre is broken.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a portable water purification filter and pump according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a frontal elevational view of another embodiment of the invention wherein the pump and the hollow fibre tube unit are disposed in parallel or side-by-side configuration.
  • Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the embodiment of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-section of a hollow fibre membrane tube of a type which can be used in the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 schematically illustrates a further embodiment of a hollow fibre membrane tube which can be used in the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates an. embodiment of the permeate sterile water outlet of the portable water purification filter of the present invention. Best Mode of Carrying out the Invention
  • a portable emergency water purification system 1 comprising a hollow fibre membrane cartridge or tube 2 operatively connected at one end to th outlet 3 of a manual or hand- operated pump 4 which is operated by means of a handle or lever 5.
  • the water inlet 6 to the pump comprises an elongated tube 7 which extends at its lower end into the water source 8 to be treated.
  • the inlet tube 7 to the pump includes coarse filtration means to exclude coarser material which would foul the hollow fibre membranes.
  • the end of the inlet tube which is to be placed into the untreated water supply has a closed end 9 and fine slits or holes 10 through the sidewalls which open under negative pressure from the pump to allow ingress of water.
  • the untreated water from the outlet 3 of pump 4 enters one end of the hollow fibre membrane tube 2 and into an entry manifold chamber 11 where the water is diverted through multiple tubular hollow fibre membranes 12.
  • the permeate i.e., treated/sterile water
  • the permeate which passes through the walls of the individual hollow fibres and into the inner space of the jacket 13 surrounding the bundle of hollow fibre membranes, is collected from the treated water outlet 14 into clean sterile containers, such as tubular bags sealed at one end, provided in continuous roll packaging.
  • the filled containers can then be sealed at their inlet end, suitable for storage or transport if they are not intended to be used immediately.
  • the retentate, or water which passes through the centre or lumen of the hollow fibre tubes but not through the walls of the hollow fibres to the permeate side, is the residual of the untreated water which collects in the outlet manifold chamber 15 and can be passed off to drain through the outlet 16.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 An alternative embodiment of the portable emergency water purification system is illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 where similar numbering of components is used to that used in Fig. 1 to indicate similar or like components.
  • the pump 4 and the membrane tube unit 2 are mounted in parallel or side-by-side configuration.
  • the portable system is adapted for attachment to a leg, or other part of the body, of the operator f whereby the pumping means can be operated with one hand, having the other hand free to collect treated water in a suitable container from the dispensing outlet of the system.
  • the portable system strapped by Velcro / straps to the calf or thigh of the operator, the inlet tube or conduit is placed into an available water source (e.g. low-level flood water in which the operator is standing), the operator operates the pump lever with one hand, and the untreated water is pumped into the feed inlet of the hollow fibre tube unit.
  • an available water source e.g. low-level flood water in which the operator is standing
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-section of a hollow fibre ultrafiltration membrane tube which comprises a polycarbonate outer jacket 17 enclosing a bundle 18 of hollow fibres ultrafiltration membranes potted at each end into the jacket using a polyurethane potting compound 19.
  • End 'caps 20 and -21 are attached to the jacket by silicone washers or O-rings 22 and 23, and each are provided with connectors 24 and 25 for attaching feed inlet and outlet tubes, respectively.
  • the wide bore connector 24 serves as the inlet and the narrow bore connector 25 is the outlet.
  • the jacket 17 is provided with alternate outlets 26 and 27 for permeate (e.g. sterile water) which has passed through the walls of the ultrafiltration membrane fibres into the inner space of the jacket surrounding the fibres. Where only one permeate outlet is required the other outlet (in this case 27) is sealed with a removable cap 28.
  • permeate e.g. sterile water
  • the other outlet in this case 27
  • an inlet tube of water to be ultrafiltered is attached to inlet connector 24.
  • the excess (reject) water can be channelled from outlet connector 25.
  • the ultrafiltered water is collected from outlet 26 (or from outlet 27) into a suitable container.
  • the hollow fibre tube unit can be reversed, or the direction of the water through the tube unit can be reversed (i.e., by interchanging the inlet and the outlet tubes) thereby reversing the direction of flow of water through the tube unit, which effectively flushes the fouling material from the face of the bundle of hollow fibres.
  • the entry manifold chamber is 15 and the outlet manifold chamber is 11.
  • an embodiment of which is illustrated schematically in Figure 5 means are provided to automatically stem the flow of liquid through individual hollow fibres when the fibre is broken. This is to prevent contamination of the treated liquid by the untreated liquid.
  • the flow of treated/untreated streams is the reverse of that which exists in the embodiment of Figures 1 and 4.
  • the untreated liquid enters through inlet 29 and circulates through the space within the outer jacket of the tube unit i.e., in the space surrounding the hollow fibres, and " exits through outlet 30.
  • the permeate in this case is the stream of treated water which passes through the centre or lumen of the hollow fibres, having permeated through the walls of the hollow fibres from the outside to the inside and exits through outlet 31.
  • each hollow fibre are treated during manufacture to provide them with a coating of non- polymerised latex, obtained by a pre-treatment of the hollow fibres by passing non-polymerised latex, dissolved in a suitable solvent, therethrough. Air is then passed through the lumen and through the walls of the hollow fibres, to remove traces of solvent therefrom, and to maintain the integrity of the pores.
  • the inner surface of each hollow fibre is coated or lined with a microporous layer of pellicle of non-polymerised latex, which has natural adhesive properties. Under positive pressure from the untreated liquid circulating in the space surrounding each hollow fibre, the fibres have a tendency to collapse, with the walls of individual hollow fibres collapsing upon themselves unless there is permeate circulating therethrough.
  • the outlet for dispensing the treated/sterile permeate from the water treatment system is adapted to be open only under positive pressure from within the system, to ensure that only treated water can flow out form the permeate side of the hollow fibre tube unit. At other times, the outlet is closed to the ingress of water or air from the outside.
  • the dispensing outlet for the treated/sterile water ideally includes outlet holes or slits which are open only under positive pressure from the pump, and which are otherwise normally closed to prevent contamination of treated water from, or back flow of water (or air) into, the treated water area of the system.
  • the hollow fibre tube unit of choice is a low-pressure ultrafiltration membrane unit with thin-walled fibres (e.g. ratio of wall thickness to diameter of about 1:20), having a molecular weight cut off of about 10,000.
  • the hollow fibre tube unit need only be a microfiltration membrane unit, or a biofilter, with pore diameters of a fraction of a micron.
  • Suitable low-pressure ultrafiltration membranes can be manufactured based on procedures described in, for example, Australian Patent No. 576364 (equivalent to U.S. Patent No. 4749487) operating at low inlet pressure (e.g. about 50-70 kPa) with a permeate flow rate of about one litre of sterile (bacteria and virus-free) pyrogen-free water per minute.
  • low inlet pressure e.g. about 50-70 kPa
  • sterile bacteria and virus-free
  • pyrogen-free water per minute Such a unit is capable of manually producing enough sterile drinking water to satisfy the needs of 400-1000 people for up to three months before the membrane tube would require replacement.
  • the above-mentioned patent relates to the surface treatment of commercially available hollow fibre membranes to create so-called "fractal" membranes or membranes having a surface of fractal geometry, being highly convoluted or reticulated.
  • a semipermeable membrane which comprises: a macroporou ⁇ substrate such as a conventional biofilter, a microporous microskin having a surface of fractal geometry permanently deposited on the substrate.
  • the substrate only constitutes a support, the material of which it is formed will only be chosen bearing in mind the conditions of formation of the microskin and of operation of the membrane. If a resistance to high temperature is required, stainless steel or a ceramic material will be used; ceramic material for high solvent resistance; and certainly an inert polymeric material, such as polypropylene, for high acid/alkali resistance.
  • a supporting substrate of polypropylene is used onto which is placed a heat, acid and alkali resistant, negatively charged microskin which is densely convoluted or reticulated. Ideally, a polypropylene/ceramic composite membrane is used.
  • a method of producing the microskin is to deposit on the substrate a liquid-containing gel layer, to remove liquid from the gel layer which is then treated to become permanently fixed on the support and shrunk to develop a pleated reticulated fractal surface.
  • a microskin of reticulated surface may be achieved by using a gel formed from a tribasic compound such as calcium aconitate, aluminium hydroxide or phosphoric acid. It may also be possible to use a divalent compound which is reacted with other materials.
  • the reticulated structure is generated by the molecular rearrangement caused by removal of liquid from the gel.
  • this treatment applies to any existing membranes. In fact the treatment is generally conducted "in situ".
  • the treatment is conducted in three steps: - Creation of a dynamic membrane on to the surface of porous support by filtration of a colloid material obtained by polymerisation of monomers having three different functions (for example two acid, one base) or copolymerisation between monomers for the end polymer to establish these three functions (for example anionic and cationic surfactants) . - Thickness reduction of this layer.
  • the reticulated fractal structure has a great impact on the transmission properties of the membrane. Fractal surfaces have very high surface area per unit topological area and, if charged, have unusual apparent surface densities giving exceptional repulsion characteristics.
  • the preferred negatively charged fractal ultrafiltration membrane used for water sterilisation has a charge density of no less than 600 coulombs/cm 3 , with high resistance to membrane fouling.
  • Cartridge size 0.4m 2 (area in square metres)
  • Pore size 100 Angstrom (0.01 microns)
  • the total weight is less than 1.5 kilograms.
  • the operating pressure of the hand pump is 0.5 - 0.7 Atmospheres (50- 70kPa; 7.5-10.5 psi).
  • the energy requirement for operation is of the order of 15 W/m 2 (30 W/m 2 is the approximate limit for manual operation) .
  • Competitive membrane systems operate at 100-700 Watts/m 2 ' and require an electric pump for operation.
  • the fractal ultrafiltration membrane cartridge Used for the sterilisation of water, the fractal ultrafiltration membrane cartridge has a flux at least five times greater than conventional ultrafiltration membranes, with a driving force energy requirement far lower than that for conventional membranes.
  • the manual pump component of the system may either be purpose-built, or alternatively may comprise a lightweight commercially-available pump.
  • a lightweight hand-operated bilge pump readily available for marine applications, weighing 0.5-1 kilogram.
  • the overall weight of the water treatment system is less than about 1.5 kilograms.
  • the water produced is sterile and pyrogen-free and as such, whilst it can be used as drinking water, it is of a quality suitable for intravenous and other medical/pharmaceutical applications.
  • the system of the present invention is highly suitable as a portable emergency water sterilisation system for use in emergency or field hospitals.
  • the reliability of the system can be demonstrated with water containing the polysaccharide, blue dextran, the ⁇ molecules of which are of dimensions smaller than the smallest virus.
  • the treated water is colourless, which indicates that the blue dextran is not able to pass through the fractal membrane.
  • the capability to manually produce purified water from contaminated sources, ds provided by the present invention is also of potential interest as a package for operational military units, especially for use by e.g. civil protection units engaged in relief efforts, or for units equipped with •"ABC protection (i.e. Atomic, Biological and Chemical), where water contamination impairs the operational capability of such units.
  • •"ABC protection i.e. Atomic, Biological and Chemical
  • the manually-operable water treatment system of the present invention also has potential for use in other applications where an untreated water supply is available and purification is desirable. For example, on construction or mining sites in. remote locations in tropical of sub ⁇ tropical areas, non-sedentary workers need to regularly replenish salts and electrolytes lost through perspiration, otherwise they become inefficient or - in severe cases - suffer from severe heat exhaustion, which can result in death. It is envisaged that water treatment system of the present invention would provide a convenient means to obtain purified water for mixing with essential salts, prepackaged in the required dosage, in a suitable container ready for use.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

Un système d'ultrafiltration à membrane fonctionnant manuellement (1) se compose d'une cartouche ou tube (2) à basse pression avec membrane d'ultrafiltration à fibres creuses relié à une pompe manuelle (4). La membrane possède une structure fractale réticulée qui améliore grandement les propriétés de transmission/flux de la membrane, permettant de produire de l'eau ultrafiltrée aseptique sans l'aide d'équipement externe tel que des pompes électriques. Ceci présente la base d'un système portatif de secours de stérilisation d'eau pouvant s'utiliser dans les régions où se produisent des catastrophes naturelles, telles que des inondations ou des tremblements de terre, et notamment là où l'électricité n'est plus disponible comme source d'énergie. Dans de telles situations, bien que l'eau non traitée ou contaminée soit facilement disponible, souvent les approvisionnements en eau purifiée ou aseptique n'existent pas.
PCT/AU1992/000406 1991-08-02 1992-08-03 Systeme portatif de purification d'eau WO1993002781A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPK757491 1991-08-02
AUPK7574 1991-08-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993002781A1 true WO1993002781A1 (fr) 1993-02-18

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ID=3775599

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1992/000406 WO1993002781A1 (fr) 1991-08-02 1992-08-03 Systeme portatif de purification d'eau

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1993002781A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001000305A1 (fr) * 1999-06-24 2001-01-04 Millenniumpore Limited Appareil de traitement de l'eau
WO2002076589A1 (fr) * 2001-03-23 2002-10-03 Fuma-Tech Gmbh Filtre d'alimentation d'eau essentiellement exempte de germes
WO2008115587A1 (fr) * 2007-03-20 2008-09-25 Cascade Designs, Inc. Appareil, systèmes et procédés de filtration de liquide utilisant des milieux à fibres creuses
CN102531104A (zh) * 2011-12-23 2012-07-04 吉林市金赛科技开发有限公司 野外用微型净水器
CN104556300A (zh) * 2013-10-15 2015-04-29 韩永良 一种随身便携净水器
WO2016042179A1 (fr) * 2014-09-16 2016-03-24 Fluytec, S.A. Installation de filtrage perfectionnée et procédé d'utilisation
WO2016086048A1 (fr) 2014-11-24 2016-06-02 Cascade Designs, Inc. Dispositif de filtration de liquide portable
WO2019166820A1 (fr) * 2018-03-02 2019-09-06 Icon Lifesaver Limited Dispositif de filtration d'eau transportable

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU3429978A (en) * 1977-03-28 1979-09-27 Recovery Engineering, Inc. Reverse osmosis
EP0011798A1 (fr) * 1978-11-25 1980-06-11 Knut Stache Dispositif pour la production par osmose d'un liquide potable à partir d'eau de mer, d'eau polluée, etc.
EP0396928A2 (fr) * 1989-05-08 1990-11-14 Separation Dynamics Inc Système portatif de purification d'eau

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU3429978A (en) * 1977-03-28 1979-09-27 Recovery Engineering, Inc. Reverse osmosis
EP0011798A1 (fr) * 1978-11-25 1980-06-11 Knut Stache Dispositif pour la production par osmose d'un liquide potable à partir d'eau de mer, d'eau polluée, etc.
EP0396928A2 (fr) * 1989-05-08 1990-11-14 Separation Dynamics Inc Système portatif de purification d'eau

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001000305A1 (fr) * 1999-06-24 2001-01-04 Millenniumpore Limited Appareil de traitement de l'eau
WO2002076589A1 (fr) * 2001-03-23 2002-10-03 Fuma-Tech Gmbh Filtre d'alimentation d'eau essentiellement exempte de germes
EP1747811A1 (fr) * 2001-03-23 2007-01-31 FuMA-Tech Gesellschaft für funktionelle Membranen- und Anlagentechnologie mbH Filtre pour la production d'eau essentiellement exempte de germes
WO2008115587A1 (fr) * 2007-03-20 2008-09-25 Cascade Designs, Inc. Appareil, systèmes et procédés de filtration de liquide utilisant des milieux à fibres creuses
CN102531104A (zh) * 2011-12-23 2012-07-04 吉林市金赛科技开发有限公司 野外用微型净水器
CN104556300A (zh) * 2013-10-15 2015-04-29 韩永良 一种随身便携净水器
WO2016042179A1 (fr) * 2014-09-16 2016-03-24 Fluytec, S.A. Installation de filtrage perfectionnée et procédé d'utilisation
WO2016086048A1 (fr) 2014-11-24 2016-06-02 Cascade Designs, Inc. Dispositif de filtration de liquide portable
EP3223933A4 (fr) * 2014-11-24 2018-07-18 Cascade Designs, Inc. Dispositif de filtration de liquide portable
US10391452B2 (en) 2014-11-24 2019-08-27 Cascade Designs, Inc. Portable liquid-filtration device
WO2019166820A1 (fr) * 2018-03-02 2019-09-06 Icon Lifesaver Limited Dispositif de filtration d'eau transportable

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