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WO1992019165A1 - Suppression de marques et de taches par laser - Google Patents

Suppression de marques et de taches par laser Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992019165A1
WO1992019165A1 PCT/GB1992/000739 GB9200739W WO9219165A1 WO 1992019165 A1 WO1992019165 A1 WO 1992019165A1 GB 9200739 W GB9200739 W GB 9200739W WO 9219165 A1 WO9219165 A1 WO 9219165A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
range
laser
pulse
wavelength
microseconds
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1992/000739
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Terence Alan King
John Joseph Bannister
Original Assignee
The Victoria University Of Manchester
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Victoria University Of Manchester filed Critical The Victoria University Of Manchester
Publication of WO1992019165A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992019165A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • A61B18/203—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser applying laser energy to the outside of the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A61B2017/00137—Details of operation mode
    • A61B2017/00154—Details of operation mode pulsed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00743—Type of operation; Specification of treatment sites
    • A61B2017/00747—Dermatology
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00743—Type of operation; Specification of treatment sites
    • A61B2017/00747—Dermatology
    • A61B2017/00756—Port wine stains
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00743—Type of operation; Specification of treatment sites
    • A61B2017/00747—Dermatology
    • A61B2017/00761—Removing layer of skin tissue, e.g. wrinkles, scars or cancerous tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00743—Type of operation; Specification of treatment sites
    • A61B2017/00747—Dermatology
    • A61B2017/00769—Tattoo removal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
    • A61B2018/00452—Skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
    • A61B2018/00452—Skin
    • A61B2018/00458—Deeper parts of the skin, e.g. treatment of vascular disorders or port wine stains
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION concerns a method of and apparatus for eradicating marks and stains by laser and is particularly though not exclusively concerned with removal of pigmentation at or beneath the surface of a substrate.
  • inventions of the method are manifold, such as removal of marks and stains in hides or made up articles of leather, from wood especially in articles of furniture, from textiles and articles of clothing, and any application where pigmented or other marks or stains require elimination without damage to the surrounding substrate.
  • a further example is the removal of skin lesions including pigmented lesions such as tattoo marks, moles, etc, and vascular lesions such as "port wine” stains.
  • Attempts have been made to remove pigmented marks using a Q-switched ruby laser Such a laser generates a very short pulse duration in the region of 10 to 30 nano seconds and imposes power densities on the substrate in the region of 1 ,200 to 2,800 GW m . Such power densities may cause damage to the surrounding substrate.
  • a Q-switched ruby laser cannot deliver its treatment beam to the site using a flexible optical fibre. This is due to the very high power densities generated, and an articulated arm must be used for delivery. Additionally, ruby lasers operate on a single wavelength system, usually 693 nanometres.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method of and apparatus for the eradication of marks and stains, using a tunable laser which is effective in removal whilst operating at power densities far less than that generated by a Q-switchec ruby laser, and with longer pulse duration, and wherein a flexible optical fibre may be used to deliver the treatment beam to the site.
  • a method of eradicating marks and stains at or beneath the surface of a substrate comprising the step of directing at said surface, laser light generated by a variable wavelength pulsed laser, the laser operating to produce an output in the form of a pulse having a duration in the range of 0.1 to 100 microseconds, at an energy level in the range of 0.5 to 5 Joules, and at a wavelength in the range of 400 to 900 nanometres.
  • the laser produces a sequence of pulses with a repetition rate in the range of 1 to 20Hz.
  • the laser energy is preferably delivered to the surface via a single or multiple core optical fibre having a core size in the range of 600 to 1500 m.
  • the fibre optic delivery system may be hand ⁇ held allowing for the adjustment of the spot size of the laser beam on the surface, so that it can be selected within the range of 1 to 100mm in diameter.
  • the basic principle behind the method is that the laser is used to irradiate the site of the mark or stain in the substrate, and the wavelength at which the laser operates is chosen so that the mark or stain absorbs the radiation whilst unmarked surrounding- substrate absorbs only little and so is not damaged. In this way a selective effect is obtained.
  • a pulsed laser apparatus for eradicating marks and stains at or beneath the surface of a substrate, the apparatus comprising a variable wavelength pulsed laser which is tunable to produce an output in the form of a pulse having a duration in the range of 0.1 to 100 microseconds, at an energy level in the range of 0.5 to 5 Joules, and at a wavelength in the range of 400 to 900 nanometres.
  • the apparatus comprises a fibre optic delivery system incorporating an optical fibre having a core size in the range 600 to 1500 m.
  • the aforesaid method may be effected in many different applications such as the removal of pigmentation marks and stains at or beneath a translucent surface and also for creation of marks, for example, on self-coloured plastics material by removing pigmentation preferentially in selected areas thus to produce - A -
  • identification marks are provided.
  • One example of such application is an electrical cable having self-coloured sheathing which, by the application by the laser light in accordance with the invention may be selectively marked.
  • Coloured substrates may have a pattern or printing imposed thereon, by selective eradication of pigmentation. These effects may be established at and/or just beneath the surface c f tr.e substrate thus to be visible thereat.
  • a tattoo mark is produced by a dark pigment (usually blue or black) introduced into the dermis.
  • the particles of pigment are not removed by normal cellular activity and so the mark is permanent.
  • the colour particles which make up the tattoo usually absorb well at wavelengths in the red part of the spectrum corresponding to a wavelength in the range of 650 to 700nanometres. However, these wavelengths are not absorbed by normal unmarked skin and so are scattered such that the energy is dissipated over a relatively large area with little or no effect on normal tissue.
  • the radiation is very efficiently absorbed and so the energy is concentrated in or around the pigmented area.
  • the design of the laser system is such as to increase the discrimination between tissue which forms part of the lesion, and normal unmarked tissue.
  • pulsed energy is important. A pulse of energy is deposited in the effected tissue for a time which is short when compared with the thermal relaxation time of the tissue. This means that the heat is generated locally and will not significantly spread by conduction to other, non-pigmented tissue. Thus, thermal injury to the adjacent tissue is avoided.
  • This is an important aspect of the present invention for use on skin lesions, in contact with methods which use continuous wave lasers (including carbon dioxide and argon lasers) producing a much higher degree of thermal injury to the surrounding tissue.
  • pulsed radiation generates an acoustic shock wave at the treatment site, which generally improves the effectiveness of the treatment. This appears to be due to the breakup of pigmented particles into smaller pieces which can then be removed by normal cellular activity.
  • the pulse To generate a shock wave the pulse must be of a duration in the range of 0.1 to 100 microseconds, with an optimum duration of between 1 and 5 microseconds.
  • a tunable or variable wavelength laser may be used to treat skin lesions in several different ways. For example, for complete removal within one or two treatment sessions, the area treated should be in the region of 1 to 3mm in diameter, per pulse. However, the consequent high energy density results in selective thermal injury and there would be some scarring, but this will heal well and is not extensive. This process compares most favourably with existing practice using, for example, carbon dioxide lasers where there is no tissue selectivity and where removal of a large area of tissue is required with significant thermal injury and scarring. In effect, when laser apparatus is used in accordance with the invention it requires much less operator skill since it is less likely to produce accidental or co-lateral thermal damage when compared with existing processes.
  • a spot size of 3 to 5mm may be treated requiring 3 to 4 sessions for each irradiated area. Consequently, this results in much less thermal damage but requires a greater number of process sessions.
  • the pulse duration must be selected in the range of 20 to 100 microseconds, whilst the wavelength should be in the region of 500 to 600 nanometres.
  • the laser may be either a flash tube excited laser or a tunable solid state laser such as a titanium sapphire
  • the operating ranges of the laser may be selected automatically by a control function which responds to a selection of a mark/substrate type. In this way, semi-skilled or perhaps even unskilled technicians may be capable of eradicating marks and stains effectively.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)

Abstract

On décrit un procédé et un appareil permettant de supprimer des marques et des taches à la surface ou sous la surface d'un substrat. La technique fait appel à l'utilisation de laser à impulsion et à longueur d'onde variable et d'un système d'application à fibre optique destiné à diriger un point de lumière laser vers le site de traitement. Le laser fournit une sortie en forme d'impulsion dont la durée varie de 0,1 à 100 microsecondes, le niveau d'énergie de 0,5 à 5 Joules et la longueur d'onde de 400 à 900 nanomètres. La sortie peut consister en une impulsion simple ou en une série d'impulsions dont le taux de répétition est sélectionné entre 1 et 20Hz. On peut supprimer les marques dans de nombreux matériaux à l'aide de cette techique, par exemple dans le cuir, le bois, le plastique et les lésions cutanées telles que les tatouages ou autres 'taches de vin'.
PCT/GB1992/000739 1991-04-24 1992-04-22 Suppression de marques et de taches par laser WO1992019165A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9108777.5 1991-04-24
GB919108777A GB9108777D0 (en) 1991-04-24 1991-04-24 A dermatological laser

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992019165A1 true WO1992019165A1 (fr) 1992-11-12

Family

ID=10693847

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1992/000739 WO1992019165A1 (fr) 1991-04-24 1992-04-22 Suppression de marques et de taches par laser

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1981992A (fr)
GB (1) GB9108777D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992019165A1 (fr)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995015725A1 (fr) * 1993-12-08 1995-06-15 Sls (Wales) Limited Epilation
AU717203B2 (en) * 1995-03-29 2000-03-23 Esc Medical Systems Ltd. Method and apparatus for depilation using pulsed electromagnetic radiation
WO2000076415A1 (fr) * 1999-06-14 2000-12-21 Asclepion-Meditec Ag Procede et dispositif pour le choix de la longueur d'onde pour un traitement laser
WO2005018473A1 (fr) * 2003-08-19 2005-03-03 The General Hospital Corporation Procede et appareil permettant la reduction d'apparition de marques cutanees
US6878144B2 (en) 1996-12-02 2005-04-12 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. System for electromagnetic radiation dermatology and head for use therewith
US6974451B2 (en) 1997-05-15 2005-12-13 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Light energy delivery head
US6997923B2 (en) 2000-12-28 2006-02-14 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for EMR treatment
US7029469B2 (en) 1998-12-03 2006-04-18 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for laser removal of hair
US7044959B2 (en) 2002-03-12 2006-05-16 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for hair growth management
US7060061B2 (en) 1998-03-27 2006-06-13 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for the selective targeting of lipid-rich tissues
US7077840B2 (en) 1997-05-15 2006-07-18 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Heads for dermatology treatment
US7135033B2 (en) 2002-05-23 2006-11-14 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Phototreatment device for use with coolants and topical substances
US7204832B2 (en) 1996-12-02 2007-04-17 Pálomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Cooling system for a photo cosmetic device
US7220254B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2007-05-22 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Dermatological treatment with visualization
US7274155B2 (en) 2001-03-01 2007-09-25 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Flash lamp drive circuit
US7351252B2 (en) 2002-06-19 2008-04-01 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for photothermal treatment of tissue at depth
US7540869B2 (en) 2001-12-27 2009-06-02 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for improved vascular related treatment
US8915948B2 (en) 2002-06-19 2014-12-23 Palomar Medical Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for photothermal treatment of tissue at depth
US9028469B2 (en) 2005-09-28 2015-05-12 Candela Corporation Method of treating cellulite
US9028536B2 (en) 2006-08-02 2015-05-12 Cynosure, Inc. Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use
US9486285B2 (en) 2006-06-14 2016-11-08 Candela Corporation Treatment of skin by spatial modulation of thermal heating
US9780518B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2017-10-03 Cynosure, Inc. Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for treating target tissues with same
US9919168B2 (en) 2009-07-23 2018-03-20 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method for improvement of cellulite appearance
US10245107B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-04-02 Cynosure, Inc. Picosecond optical radiation systems and methods of use
US10434324B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2019-10-08 Cynosure, Llc Methods and systems for laser treatment using non-uniform output beam
US11418000B2 (en) 2018-02-26 2022-08-16 Cynosure, Llc Q-switched cavity dumped sub-nanosecond laser

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0172490A1 (fr) * 1984-08-07 1986-02-26 Medical Laser Research And Development Corporation Système de laser pour alimentation de dépôt d'énergie et de destruction spécifique de la cible
US4829262A (en) * 1984-10-25 1989-05-09 Candela Laser Corporation Long pulse tunable light amplifier
EP0377050A1 (fr) * 1988-06-06 1990-07-11 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Fibre optique de guidage de lasers
WO1990012545A1 (fr) * 1989-04-18 1990-11-01 Derma-Lase Limited Methode et appareil de detatouage

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0172490A1 (fr) * 1984-08-07 1986-02-26 Medical Laser Research And Development Corporation Système de laser pour alimentation de dépôt d'énergie et de destruction spécifique de la cible
US4829262A (en) * 1984-10-25 1989-05-09 Candela Laser Corporation Long pulse tunable light amplifier
EP0377050A1 (fr) * 1988-06-06 1990-07-11 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Fibre optique de guidage de lasers
WO1990012545A1 (fr) * 1989-04-18 1990-11-01 Derma-Lase Limited Methode et appareil de detatouage

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Baltimore, Maryland, 21-24 May 1985, OSA/IEEE, M.S. SOBEY et al.: "Flashlamp-pumped dye-laser treatment of port wine stains", article WM46 *
Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol. 32, no. 12, December 1987, (Bristol, GB), A.R. HENDERSON et al.: "The 'light touch': a dermatology handpiece designed to improve the efficacy and safety of laser treatment of port-wine stains", pages 1627-1630 *

Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995015725A1 (fr) * 1993-12-08 1995-06-15 Sls (Wales) Limited Epilation
AU717203B2 (en) * 1995-03-29 2000-03-23 Esc Medical Systems Ltd. Method and apparatus for depilation using pulsed electromagnetic radiation
US7204832B2 (en) 1996-12-02 2007-04-17 Pálomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Cooling system for a photo cosmetic device
US7431719B2 (en) 1996-12-02 2008-10-07 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. System for electromagnetic radiation dermatology and head for use therewith
US6878144B2 (en) 1996-12-02 2005-04-12 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. System for electromagnetic radiation dermatology and head for use therewith
US6976985B2 (en) 1997-05-15 2005-12-20 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Light energy delivery head
US7077840B2 (en) 1997-05-15 2006-07-18 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Heads for dermatology treatment
US6974451B2 (en) 1997-05-15 2005-12-13 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Light energy delivery head
US7060061B2 (en) 1998-03-27 2006-06-13 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for the selective targeting of lipid-rich tissues
US7029469B2 (en) 1998-12-03 2006-04-18 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for laser removal of hair
WO2000076415A1 (fr) * 1999-06-14 2000-12-21 Asclepion-Meditec Ag Procede et dispositif pour le choix de la longueur d'onde pour un traitement laser
US6997923B2 (en) 2000-12-28 2006-02-14 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for EMR treatment
US7274155B2 (en) 2001-03-01 2007-09-25 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Flash lamp drive circuit
US7531967B2 (en) 2001-03-01 2009-05-12 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Flashlamp drive circuit
US7540869B2 (en) 2001-12-27 2009-06-02 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for improved vascular related treatment
US7044959B2 (en) 2002-03-12 2006-05-16 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for hair growth management
US7135033B2 (en) 2002-05-23 2006-11-14 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Phototreatment device for use with coolants and topical substances
US10556123B2 (en) 2002-06-19 2020-02-11 Palomar Medical Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous conditions
US7351252B2 (en) 2002-06-19 2008-04-01 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for photothermal treatment of tissue at depth
US10500413B2 (en) 2002-06-19 2019-12-10 Palomar Medical Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous conditions
US8915948B2 (en) 2002-06-19 2014-12-23 Palomar Medical Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for photothermal treatment of tissue at depth
WO2005018473A1 (fr) * 2003-08-19 2005-03-03 The General Hospital Corporation Procede et appareil permettant la reduction d'apparition de marques cutanees
US7309335B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2007-12-18 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Dermatological treatment with visualization
US7220254B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2007-05-22 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Dermatological treatment with visualization
US10434324B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2019-10-08 Cynosure, Llc Methods and systems for laser treatment using non-uniform output beam
US9028469B2 (en) 2005-09-28 2015-05-12 Candela Corporation Method of treating cellulite
US9486285B2 (en) 2006-06-14 2016-11-08 Candela Corporation Treatment of skin by spatial modulation of thermal heating
US11712299B2 (en) 2006-08-02 2023-08-01 Cynosure, LLC. Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use
US9028536B2 (en) 2006-08-02 2015-05-12 Cynosure, Inc. Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use
US10849687B2 (en) 2006-08-02 2020-12-01 Cynosure, Llc Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use
US10966785B2 (en) 2006-08-02 2021-04-06 Cynosure, Llc Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use
US9919168B2 (en) 2009-07-23 2018-03-20 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method for improvement of cellulite appearance
US11664637B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2023-05-30 Cynosure, Llc Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for treating target tissues with same
US12068571B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2024-08-20 Cynosure, Llc Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for treating target tissues with same
US10305244B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2019-05-28 Cynosure, Llc Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for treating target tissues with same
US9780518B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2017-10-03 Cynosure, Inc. Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for treating target tissues with same
US10581217B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2020-03-03 Cynosure, Llc Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for treating target tissues with same
US11095087B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2021-08-17 Cynosure, Llc Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for treating target tissues with same
US10765478B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-09-08 Cynosurce, Llc Picosecond optical radiation systems and methods of use
US11446086B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2022-09-20 Cynosure, Llc Picosecond optical radiation systems and methods of use
US10285757B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-05-14 Cynosure, Llc Picosecond optical radiation systems and methods of use
US10245107B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-04-02 Cynosure, Inc. Picosecond optical radiation systems and methods of use
US12193734B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2025-01-14 Cynosure, Llc Picosecond optical radiation systems and methods of use
US11418000B2 (en) 2018-02-26 2022-08-16 Cynosure, Llc Q-switched cavity dumped sub-nanosecond laser
US11791603B2 (en) 2018-02-26 2023-10-17 Cynosure, LLC. Q-switched cavity dumped sub-nanosecond laser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1981992A (en) 1992-12-21
GB9108777D0 (en) 1991-06-12

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