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WO1992013174A1 - Ameliorations relatives a la teledetection - Google Patents

Ameliorations relatives a la teledetection Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1992013174A1
WO1992013174A1 PCT/GB1992/000137 GB9200137W WO9213174A1 WO 1992013174 A1 WO1992013174 A1 WO 1992013174A1 GB 9200137 W GB9200137 W GB 9200137W WO 9213174 A1 WO9213174 A1 WO 9213174A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tool
sensors
borehole
sensor
roll angle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1992/000137
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Richard John Parfitt
Original Assignee
Chardec Consultants Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chardec Consultants Limited filed Critical Chardec Consultants Limited
Publication of WO1992013174A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992013174A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
    • E21B47/024—Determining slope or direction of devices in the borehole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to remote sensing, and is particularly concerned with methods and apparatus for determining tool orientation and position in boreholes.
  • the apparatus may also be used for depth measurement in boreholes.
  • the orientation of the core sampling tool relative to a fixed radial direction in the borehole must be ascertained.
  • This orientation referred to as the ⁇ roll angle' of the tool, is generally measured relative to the gravity vector in boreholes inclined to the vertical, but its reliable determination in vertical or near vertical boreholes has so far not been achieved.
  • the present invention has as its primary objective the provision of an apparatus and method capable of measuring tool roll angle in boreholes irrespective of their inclination, and providing a continuous indication of the roll angle of the tool at any point in the borehole.
  • a secondary objective is to provide a method of depth measurement in boreholes, using the apparatus.
  • a method of sensing the roll angle of a borehole tool comprises the steps of: a) providing a first sensor adjacent the tool b) providing a second sensor spaced above the first sensor by a predetermined distance and held against rotation relative to the first sensor about the drill string axis, the sensors adapted to detect a parameter having a component transverse to the longitudinal axis of the borehole c) positioning the tool in the borehole entrance with the first sensor aligned in a reference direction and taking and recording a first reading of the first sensor d) advancing the tool into the borehole by a series of steps each substantially equal to the distance between the first and second sensors, and taking and recording readings of the first and second sensors at each step e) comparing each reading of the second sensor with the previous reading of the first sensor, taken at the same axial location in the borehole, to determine the difference in the roll angle during each advancing step f) integrating the resultant- ifferences to arrive at a total roil angle
  • the sensors are preferably biaxial magnetometers sensitive to the local magnetic field, and capable of resolving the earth's magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tool, and measuring the angle between the resolved field component and a reference datum.
  • the reference datums of the sensors in the apparatus are preferably aligned, or a calibration measurement must be performed to determine the (fixed) angular difference between the reference datums.
  • sensors responsive to gravity In boreholes which are non-vertical it may be possible to use sensors responsive to gravity.
  • sensors which detect an electric field and to establish a static electric field in the area of the borehole by passing a current through a pair of electrodes placed on either side of the borehole.
  • the apparatus for use in the method essentially consists of a tool carrying two sensors, detecting either the earth's magnetic field, its gravity vector, or an artificially produced static field, the sensors fixed in an elongate body or frame so as to be incapable of relative movement or rotation.
  • Each of the sensors may be a biaxial or triaxial array of sensors, so that the parameter measured may be resolved either into two orthogonal components perpendicular to the tool axis, or into three orthogonal components with one coinciding with the tool axis.
  • the tool may be assembled on site by fixing first and second sensor modules to the respective ends of a standard drill pipe section.
  • the sensor separation By arranging for the sensor separation to be equal to a standard length of drill pipe, the action of advancing the tool into the borehole at the end of a string of drill pipe sections will then automatically ensure the correct step length, as the drill string is held to add each successive drill string section at the wellhead.
  • three or more sensors may be provided, the separation between adjacent pairs of sensors being equal.
  • three or more readings are taken, thus providing two or more pairs of readings from each of which a roll angle difference may be calculated. This provides a back up check to the calculation of total roll angle.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a roll angle measuring tool
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing four positions of the tool down a borehole.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a tool for roll angle sensing.
  • the tool comprises a body 1, within which are housed upper and lower sensors 2 and 3 respectively.
  • the sensors are preferably magnetometers, and are capable of resolving magnetic fields in three orthogonal planes, so as to give an output measuring the direction of the local magnetic field relative to a reference radial direction fixed in relation to the tool.
  • the tool may however also function if the sensors are biaxial, and do not take account of the component of the field in the axial direction of the tool, but merely give an indication of the radial (relative to the tool) field component direction relative to a reference radial datum.
  • the sensors may be adopted to detect fields other than the earth's magnetic field, such as an electric or magnetic field generated locally by conductors buried adjacent the borehole, or may be substituted or supplemented by sensors dependant on the earth's gravity for use in boreholes inclined to the local vertical.
  • the axial spacing D between the sensors 2 and 3 is a predetermined value, and may correspond to the length of a standard drill pipe section, for reasons to be described below.
  • The. tool is formed, at its axial ends, with male and female connectors 4 and 5 of standard form for connecting to conventional drill string components.
  • the tool may be attached anywhere in the drill string, but is preferably inserted directly behind the tool whose roll angle is to be measured.
  • sensors may be attached directly to, or built into, the tool whose roll angle is to be detected.
  • each sensor being fixedly mounted in a single tool 1, it is possible for each sensor to be separately packaged in a housing adapted to be connected between two drill string sections. In such an arrangement, a first sensor is mounted between the drill string tip and the first drill pipe section, and the second sensor is placed between the first and second drill pipe sections.
  • the well accessory is placed at the wellhead in position PI in a known manner, and its roll angle relative to a reference datum DW at the wellhead is noted.
  • the roll angle sensing tool is fixed to the well accessory by conventional coupling, and the sensors are read to indicate the angle between the tool reference datum DT and the local azimuth direction of the earth's field MN.
  • the tool and well accessory are advanced into the borehole from the wellhead by a distance D, equal to the spacing between the sensors in the tool, to a position P2 and again the angle between the local azimuth of the earth's field and the tool reference datum DT is measured by both sensors 2 and 3. This procedure is continued through positions P3, P4, etc. until the well accessory is at the correct depth in the borehole for installation.
  • the results of the sensor readings for each position PI, P2, P3, P4, etc. of the tool in the borehole are tabulated in Table I for the example illustrated in Figure 2, and will be explained below.
  • the sensor readings are the angles between local magnetic north and the tool radial datum direction. The reading is measured clockwise from the tool datum direction.
  • the reading of sensor 1 at position 1 is 0, indicating that the tool radial datum direction coincides with magnetic north at that point.
  • the reading of sensor 2 at position 2 is +2, indicating that magnetic north is 2 ⁇ clockwise from the tool radial datum. In the descent from position 1 to position 2, the tool has thus rotated 2 ⁇ in the anti-clockwise sense (seen from above).
  • the total roll angle of the tool is found to be 3° clockwise from the datum position noted at the wellhead.
  • the reading of sensor 1 at position 4 may be used to determine the local direction of the magnetic field at the depth of sensor 1; comparing S1P4 with the accumulated tool roll angle of 3 ⁇ , it is seen that magnetic north at the depth D4 is 2 ⁇ to the east (clockwise) from magnetic north at ground level. Clearly this calculation may be performed at each step during the descent to construct a 'map' of the local field direction at the measurement points in the borehole.
  • the tool can be used to find the local magnetic north (or south, as the case may be) at any depth
  • the calculation of tool roll angle requires no actual calculation of the local field direction whatsoever, since roll angle calculation relies on the difference between successive readings taken at the same point in space relative to the tool radial datum.
  • the method is thus particularly useful in that even a magnetic field distorted by local anomalies such as underground magnetic rock formations, or a field attenuated and distorted by a metallic borehole casing can still be used to calculate tool roll angle.
  • the only requirement is that the field should remain constant.
  • the method is not limited to magnetic fields, but can be used in connection with any measurable vector parameter in any constant field, even though the vector parameter measured may not itself be aligned in the same direction throughout the field, and may vary in magnitude.
  • the use of the tool for accurate depth measurement of a borehole is achieved by placing the tool at an end of the borehole (either the wellhead or the bottom of the hole) and moving the tool through the hole while continuously recording the readings from the two sensors.
  • triaxial sensing is performed, to obtain continuous real-time records from each sensor of the magnitude and direction of a vector parameter throughout the time of passage of the tool through the hole.
  • sensing may alternatively be of a scalar parameter such as temperature.
  • points in time when the respective sensors passed through the same point in space may be determined and by knowing the distance separating the two sensors the instantaneous speed of the tool may be found. Integration of the thus calculated instantaneous speeds of the tool can provide a measurement of the distance travelled by the tool and thus the depth of the borehole.
  • the depth measuring feature may advantageously be used when retrieving the tool from the borehole, after stepwise descent of the borehole to place a roll-angle sensitive well accessory or to take a core sample.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de détection de l'angle d'orientation d'un outil de sondage, consistant à utiliser un premier et un second capteur (2, 3) fixés l'un par rapport à l'autre par l'intermédiaire d'un corps (1) pouvant être fixé à un outil de sondage par l'intermédiaire d'un élément de raccord (4), et à la garniture de forage par l'intermédiaire d'un second élément de raccord. On fait avancer l'outil dans le trou de sondage en une série d'étages, la longueur de chaque étage étant égale à l'espacement entre les capteurs (2, 3) et, à chaque étage, les capteurs sont utilisés pour détecter un champ vectoriel dont une composante est transversale par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du trou de sondage. En comparant chaque relevé du capteur supérieur avec le relevé précédent du capteur inférieur, l'on peut en déduire l'angle de rotation de l'outil à chaque étage d'insertion, et, en totalisant ces angles, l'on peut déterminer le déplacement angulaire total de l'outil à partir de sa position initiale. On décrit aussi un procédé servant à déterminer la profondeur d'un trou de sondage, qui consiste à enlever l'outil et à enregistrer de façon continue les relevés des premier et second capteurs. La comparaison des deux enregistrements en temps réel permet de déterminer la vitesse de l'outil alors qu'il traverse le trou de sondage, et la totalisation des mesures ponctuelles de vitesse permet de déterminer la profondeur du trou de sondage.
PCT/GB1992/000137 1991-01-25 1992-01-24 Ameliorations relatives a la teledetection WO1992013174A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB919101631A GB9101631D0 (en) 1991-01-25 1991-01-25 Improvements in remote sensing
GB9101631.1 1991-01-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992013174A1 true WO1992013174A1 (fr) 1992-08-06

Family

ID=10688993

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1992/000137 WO1992013174A1 (fr) 1991-01-25 1992-01-24 Ameliorations relatives a la teledetection

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1171592A (fr)
GB (2) GB9101631D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992013174A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2317071A1 (fr) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-04 Welltec A/S Outil de positionnement
EP2317070A1 (fr) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-04 Welltec A/S Système d'extraction
US9726005B2 (en) * 2011-07-11 2017-08-08 Welltec A/S Positioning method and tool for determining the position of the tool in a casing downhole

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6588542B2 (en) * 2000-03-14 2003-07-08 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Borehole tool actuating mechanism
US6882937B2 (en) * 2003-02-18 2005-04-19 Pathfinder Energy Services, Inc. Downhole referencing techniques in borehole surveying
GB2401434A (en) * 2003-05-07 2004-11-10 Jhl Concepts Ltd Inertial positioning system for both up-hole and down-hole measurement

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE259567C (fr) *
DE269991C (fr) *
EP0366567A2 (fr) * 1988-10-28 1990-05-02 Magrange Inc. Outil combiné pour fond de puits

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1552863A (en) * 1975-05-12 1979-09-19 Teleco Inc Directional sensing means for borehole drilling devices
US4351116A (en) * 1980-09-12 1982-09-28 Bj-Hughes Inc. Apparatus for making multiple orientation measurements in a drill string

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE259567C (fr) *
DE269991C (fr) *
EP0366567A2 (fr) * 1988-10-28 1990-05-02 Magrange Inc. Outil combiné pour fond de puits

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2317071A1 (fr) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-04 Welltec A/S Outil de positionnement
EP2317070A1 (fr) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-04 Welltec A/S Système d'extraction
WO2011051429A1 (fr) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Welltec A/S Outil de positionnement
WO2011051435A3 (fr) * 2009-10-30 2011-06-30 Welltec A/S Système de fond de trou
CN102597420A (zh) * 2009-10-30 2012-07-18 韦尔泰克有限公司 定位仪
AU2010311444B2 (en) * 2009-10-30 2014-01-09 Welltec A/S Positioning tool
US9359884B2 (en) 2009-10-30 2016-06-07 Welltec A/S Positioning tool
US9726005B2 (en) * 2011-07-11 2017-08-08 Welltec A/S Positioning method and tool for determining the position of the tool in a casing downhole

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9101631D0 (en) 1991-03-06
GB2252169A (en) 1992-07-29
AU1171592A (en) 1992-08-27
GB9201508D0 (en) 1992-03-11

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