WO1992010539A1 - Mit synthetischen polymerverbindungen modifizierte werkstoffe und/oder formteile auf stärkebasis und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung - Google Patents
Mit synthetischen polymerverbindungen modifizierte werkstoffe und/oder formteile auf stärkebasis und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992010539A1 WO1992010539A1 PCT/EP1991/002295 EP9102295W WO9210539A1 WO 1992010539 A1 WO1992010539 A1 WO 1992010539A1 EP 9102295 W EP9102295 W EP 9102295W WO 9210539 A1 WO9210539 A1 WO 9210539A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- polymer
- materials
- mixture
- thermoplastic
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004628 starch-based polymer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229920008262 Thermoplastic starch Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 clycerin Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000251556 Chordata Species 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- ALEXXDVDDISNDU-JZYPGELDSA-N cortisol 21-acetate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)COC(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O ALEXXDVDDISNDU-JZYPGELDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003179 starch-based polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical class CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003176 water-insoluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRHWHSJDIILJAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(O)=O JRHWHSJDIILJAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound OCCCC(O)=O SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005789 ACRONAL® acrylic binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- MGJKQDOBUOMPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-dimethylurea Chemical compound CNC(=O)NC MGJKQDOBUOMPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007630 basic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940113088 dimethylacetamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010096 film blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
Definitions
- the invention relates to improvements in the production of materials and moldings made from them based on modified starch, which is in intimate admixture with thermoplastic polymer compounds.
- thermoplasticized starch by using or using selected organic auxiliary liquids in starch digestion, for example the PCT patent application WO 90/05 161. It is proposed to produce thermoplastically processable starch, the native or natural starch additive - 2 -
- additives in particular lower polyfunctional alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, clycerin, 1,3-butanediol, diglyceride, corresponding ethers, but also compounds such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl urea, dimethyl acetamide and the corresponding ones Monomethyl derivatives named.
- thermoplasticized starch Materials based on such thermoplasticized starch and the molded parts made from them are characterized by a very limited use value. This is particularly due to the extremely pronounced hydrophilicity of the material. Accordingly, the replacement of polymer compounds of synthetic origin with a biodegradable polymer material of natural origin, which is sought in many areas today, is accordingly not possible with the starch modified in this form.
- thermoplasticized starch of the type described with synthetically obtained water-resistant polymer compounds in such a way that the hydrophilic starch-based polymer compound has increased resistance to hydrophilic solvents, but nevertheless substantial portions of the material or molded part due to the thermoplastic Strength are formed.
- hydrophilic polymers such as starch
- selected aliphatic polyesters which in turn are particularly degradable by bacteria or fungi.
- the coating of molded parts made of starch with polyesters from lower hydroxycarboxylic acids such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, hydroxybutyric acid and hydroxyvaleric acid is described. Since such layer combinations adhere poorly to one another, an improvement in the adhesion is achieved by prior treatment of the starch surface and / or by adding a solution. or suggest swelling agent for the starch to the coating solution.
- EP-A2 327 505 describes another way - albeit with the same objective.
- This describes polymer mixed materials which are obtained from a melt of water-containing destructurized starch and at least one essentially water-insoluble synthetic thermoplastic polymer compound.
- the individual procedure is as follows: First, starch in untreated or pretreated form with the addition of auxiliaries is hydrogenated fatty acid triglycerides, lecithin and in particular water by treatment in an extruder at elevated temperatures - for example 175 ° C - and the resulting increases Our own print is made of thermoplasticized starch and processed into granules. The water content in the granulate is adjusted to the range of the water content of natural starch (17%).
- thermoplastic water-insoluble polymers of synthetic origin are polyethylene, polystyrene, polyacetals, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers.
- the respective polymer mixtures are then processed in a conventional manner on an injection molding device at a material temperature of 165 ° C., a cycle time of about 15 seconds, a molding pressure of about 1,600 bar and a back pressure of about 75 bar to give molded parts.
- the investigated mixture ratios in the respective polymer mixture are in the range of 0.5-20% by weight of added polymer compound of synthetic origin.
- the dimensional stability of the molded part when stored in high atmospheric humidity at room temperature is subsequently determined and the shape stability of corresponding shaped articles is compared on the basis of purely thermoplastic starch.
- thermoplastic starch on the one hand and thermoplastic, largely largely water-insoluble polymer compounds synthetic U. jump, on the other hand, to bring them together in order to ultimately produce a modified polymer blend product, the properties of which combine important elements from both the area of thermoplasticized starch and the area of the synthetic polymer compounds used in each case.
- the decomposability of the materials described by the invention, or the molded parts produced therefrom should be guaranteed by natural degradation, while on the other hand, during the period of use, the polymeric mixture is distinguished by significantly improved properties, for example increased water resistance.
- the invention is also based on the object to provide a simplified process for the preparation of the polymer blends described which enables the combination and simultaneity of the thermoplastic starch digestion with the mixing of the synthetic polymer compounds and thereby ensures the simple optimization of the homogeneous distribution of the polymer components to be combined dadurc that the synthetic polymer materials in extremely fine particle size - for example in the range of about 0.1 to 5 microns - are used.
- the invention relates to a process for the production of polymer-modified materials and / or molded parts based on a starch thermomechanically digested at elevated pressures and temperatures and with the addition of water and / or low molecular weight plasticizers, the mixed-in thermoplastic synthetic polymer compounds contains at least largely homogeneous mixture.
- the process according to the invention is characterized in that the starch feed is intimately mixed with aqueous polymer dispersions which are prepared in a manner known per se and which, in the aqueous phase, comprise a disperse phase of the thermoplastic synthetic polymer or Getting Connected contains (s), wherein furthermore this multicomponent mixture at elevated temperatures and pressures with simultaneous intensive V and / or kneading mix the starch digestion to form thermoplastically processable starch and subjected Derd supranf below the gebi Idetete homogenized polymer mixture forming is processed.
- the invention accordingly relates in a further embodiment to form materials and / or molded parts based on thermomechanically based starch, which are characterized in that their G is derived from synthetic thermoplastic polymer compounds a aqueous polymer dispersions which disperse in a closed aqueous phase
- G is derived from synthetic thermoplastic polymer compounds a aqueous polymer dispersions which disperse in a closed aqueous phase
- polymer phase and together with the aqueous phase have been incorporated into the starch in such a way that the starch has been digested using the aqueous phase and d polymer dispersions.
- the invention relates to the use of the polymer-modified We materials obtained according to the invention as thermoplastic material for the production of molded articles, films and other packaging materials which, in comparison to unmodified thermoplastic starch, are distinguished by increased use, but are nevertheless preferred by natural building processes can be destroyed, for example are rotten out.
- An essential core of the teaching according to the invention lies in the selection of the offer form for the synthetic polymer materials which are to be incorporated as a component of the mixture into the materials according to the invention or as molded parts. It is proposed here to use this polymer component, which is to be obtained by known synthetic processes, in the form of aqueous dispersions which contain the synthetic polymer material in a finely dispersed distribution in an aqueous phase.
- synthetic polymer compounds of any origin can be converted into such aqueous preparation forms, provided that the polymer compounds in turn are sufficiently stable to hydrolysis. Numerous prior art proposals are known to the person skilled in the art.
- Particularly suitable as synthetic polymer components are the readily and inexpensively available aqueous emulsion polymer products which are obtained in a manner known per se by finely emulsifying the polymer-forming monomer constituents in a closed aqueous phase and subsequent polymer release.
- Numerous large-scale commercial products of this type are used today, for example, in the production of coatings, paints, adhesives and the like, the choice and coordination of the polymer-melting monomers being able to influence, for example, the property of the polymer, which ultimately results from melting or sintering the polymer particles are desired together. All of these possibilities for modifying the polymer material are also available for the teaching according to the invention.
- thermoplastic polymer compounds which are used in aqueous dispersion fo in the process according to the invention are in particular at least largely water-insoluble synthetic polymer compounds, as described, for example, in EP-A2 327 5 cited at the beginning.
- thermoplastic polymer compounds may accordingly be known emulsion polymers or copolymers of the most varied types.
- Vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl esters, for example, may be mentioned merely as examples.
- Other examples of suitable polymer compounds are polyurethanes, polyesters and polyamides.
- Preferred synthetic resins in the sense of the teaching according to the invention can be characterized by the softening range adapted to the process conditions, so that synthetic polymer compounds score with melt or at least a significant softening in the temperature range from about 100 ° C. to 220 ° C., preferably in the range from et 100 ° C. to 190 ° C, may be preferred.
- the teaching according to the invention also provides for the possibility of using low-molecular organic auxiliary components, such as lower polyfunctional alcohols and / or their partial ethers.
- these auxiliary components are primarily intended to influence the conversion of the starch to the thermoplastic material, these auxiliary components can also soften or melt the synthetic polymer compounds and thus promote their homogeneous incorporation into the polymer mixture.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention provides for the least proportionate use of those synthetic polymer components which are distinguished by a selected combination of opposing structural elements. This is the Kombin tion of extremely hydrophilic structural components with components that have a pronounced oleophilic character.
- a particularly intensive, usually physical, but possibly also chemical bonding of the synthetic polymer molecule a and the hydrophilic starch molecule can be triggered via the hydrophilic moiety.
- the appearance of the polymer mixture can be directed in the desired direction. It is thus possible, for example, to control the intensity and / or extent of the hydrolytic attack under operating conditions in such a way that the water resistance of the polymer mixture is sufficient for the period of use, without questioning its degradability through natural rotting.
- Examples of extremely hydrophilic molecular elements in synthetic polymers are, for example, alcohol groups, ester groups, ether groups or even free acid groups, for example carboxyl groups.
- the oleophilic properties of the entire molecule can be controlled, for example, via the length and proportion of pure hydrocarbon residues in the polymer. This can be seen from the example of polymeric vinyl esters and / or polymeric (meth) acrylic acid esters: The length of the ester-forming carboxylic acids in the vinyl ester derivatives, or the alcohols in the (meth) acrylic acid ester derivatives, influences the extent of the oleophilic finish of the finished polymer blend.
- the starch usually makes up a proportion of at least about 40-5% by weight. It may be expedient for the starch to form more than about 50% by weight of the solid mixture free of water and low molecular weight plasticizers.
- the content of synthetic polymer compounds is preferably in the range of at least about 1 to 2% by weight and is frequently at least about 5% by weight, it being possible for the amount of the synthetic polymer compounds to be in the range of about 10 - 45% by weight and preferably in the range of about 25-40% by weight is -% by weight, based here also on a solid mixture free of water and / or low molecular weight plasticizers.
- aqueous dispersions of the synthetic polymer compounds can, in turn, be largely freely adjusted in terms of their water content and adapted to the conditions of the mixing and starch digestion process.
- aqueous emulsion polymers with a closed aqueous phase and a water content of this aqueous phase in the range of about 40-65% by weight, based here on aqueous emulsion (co) polymer, are used.
- the starch to be used in the process can be of any origin. Starch suppliers such as potatoes, corn, rice, the usual cereals and the like are to be mentioned here primarily.
- the starch is generally used in powder form. If desired, it can be subjected to pre-treatments, such as partial drying, acid washing and / or further pre-treatments, in particular to physically modify the starch.
- the water content of the particular natural starch feed material can fluctuate in a wide range and, for example, make up about 5 to 40% by weight, based on starch feed material. Usually the water content of the starch feed will be at least about 10% by weight and is often in the range of about 10 - 25% by weight, based on the starch feed.
- lower organic plasticizers or plasticizers of the type mentioned at the outset can also be used.
- lower polyfunctional alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, glycerol and / or their ethers, in particular partial ethers, come into consideration here in particular.
- the proportion of such low molecular weight organic HF components, particularly compatible with the starch, when used, is at least about 5% by weight, expediently in the range of at least about 10% by weight and in particular about 10-20% by weight on total mix.
- the mixing and starch digestion process is carried out in devices such as are known per se for the thermoplastic digestion of starch with water and / or lower organic auxiliary components of the type described.
- the mixing and starch digestion step is accordingly carried out in closed kneaders or preferably in extruders.
- the residence time and the processing conditions are matched to one another in such a way that both the thermoplastic starch digestion and the most homogeneous possible mixing of the plasticized synthetic polymer components are ensured.
- the individual mixture components can be fed to the working device used in each case, for example the extruder, separately in the feed area and preferably continuously in the amount required in each case.
- the desired homogenization and mixing process takes place in the front sections.
- a processing line which is kept under product temperatures and pressures which lead to the desired thermomechanical starch digestion.
- the product temperatures are above 100 ° C and preferably above 120 ° C, with working conditions in the range of about 140-170 ° C, at least in the final phases of the mixing and starch digestion process, being preferred.
- the working pressure which is established usually corresponds to the internal pressure of the water-containing substance mixture at the specified working temperature
- the residence times of the multi-substance mixture under the working conditions are generally not more than at most about 30 minutes, preferably at most about 20 minutes. It may be expedient to work with dwell times of the multicomponent mixture at least in the range of the temperature and pressure conditions for starch digestion of about 0.5-10 minutes, preferably in the range of about 2-5 minutes.
- the homogenized polymer blend can be obtained as an extrudate and, for example, be used for shaping at a later time. However, it is also possible to supply the polymer mixed product to the shaping processing immediately after it has been obtained, as described in the publication cited at the beginning in CH IMIA (1987) a .a. O. is described for the pure thermoplasticized starch.
- the water added to the mixing and digestion process can be removed from the polymer blend prior to its shaping processing. This is already possible by evaporating a corresponding amount of water in the course of the mixing and digestion process after the desired implementation has been sufficiently achieved.
- the primary extrudates can also be subjected to post-drying for water depletion.
- thermoplastic starch and polyvinyl acetate are produced by coextruding 3 kg / h of potato starch (20% water) with 3 kg / h of a glycerine-added polyvinyl acetate dispersion (Wormalit PM 4239, solids content: 55%; protective colloid polyvinyl alcohol), (Composition: polyvinyl acetate: 32.4%, glycerol 41.2%, water 26.5%) in an extruder of the following design:
- the solid and liquid components are unmixed into a non-heated feed zone and metered in at various points.
- the solid, powdered potato starch is first metered in via a metering screw.
- the liquid, glycerol-admixed polyvinyl acetate dispersion is metered into the extruder from above using a gear pump.
- the subsequent mixing section ensures homogeneous mixing of the solid and liquid phases.
- the extruder In order to heat up the mixture in parallel, the extruder is externally heated to a length of 5 D to 12. (Heating medium - temperature: 130 ° C) In the second half of the extruder there is a thermomechanical breakdown of the starch by the glycerin and the water of the dispersion, which leads to plasticization of the material. At the same time there is a thorough mixing -14 -
- thermoplastic starch present in the molten form with the polymer portion of the dispersion instead.
- the energy input takes place both through external heating and also through the intensive mechanical processing using the kneading elements.
- the length of the heating medium is 13 D to 25 D and the temperature is 95 ° C.
- the thermoplastic material is pressed through a perforated plate with 2 holes 2.5 mm in diameter, whereby the material is available in the form of flexible strands.
- Raw material composition 40.0% potato starch
- the extrudate obtained in the first step is fed to a bottle blow molding machine for further processing.
- the working conditions used and the properties of the bottles produced in this way are given in the following list.
- Heating temperature 120 ° C (feed to nozzle)
- the tests were carried out on two extruders from Werner S Pf Sensee (Continua 37) with slightly different lengths.
- the screw configurations were comparable for both extruders. Tue
- the first half of the screw contained, in addition to normal conveyor elements, left-handed backmixing elements a 10 mm long.
- the second part of the Schnec configuration contained 2 kneading elements 40 mm long in addition to normal conveyor elements.
- the last 4 D of the screws were made up of conveyor elements with a higher pitch to generate higher pressure in front of the perforated plate. At the same time there was the possibility of degassing at this point.
- the speed was 160 rpm in all tests and the dwell time was between 40 sec and 5 min.
- the dispersions of the wormalite types PM 4239, PM 4739, PM 4770 and VN 4405 are commercial products from Cordes S Co GmbH (Porta Westfalica), Mowilith DM 155 is a poly (vinyl acetate-co-ethylene-co-acrylic acid derivative) dispersion of Company Hoechs (Frankfurt) and Acronal 81 D an aqueous dispersion of a copolymer of acrylic acid esters with the use of acrylonitrile from BAS (Ludwigshafen).
- FA / MAH stands for an aqueous dispersion of a copolymer of a fatty acrylate and maleic anhydride. All polymer dispersions used have a solids content of 45 - 60% in the commercial area. Depending on the example, these dispersions were partially mixed with water and / or glycerol.
- Example 1 is repeated in principle; the changes made can be seen from the list below.
- Liquid phase composition 36.7% polyvinyl acetate
- Starch-based polymer blends according to the invention can be processed to give shaped tablets by means of conventionally equipped blowing units. It is advantageous to equip the extruder with a groove extruder and a cooled feed bush. The blow head produces good preforms if it is equipped with a spike mandrel holder.
- the processing temperature should preferably be between 120 and 150 ° C. The exact temperature depends on the water content of the material.
- the operating point is selected within this temperature field at which the evaporation of the water does not begin or does not yet lead to the formation of bubbles in the extrudate.
- the operating temperature must be close to this critical point in order to achieve the best possible homogeneity.
- the pressure to inflate the preform is between 1 and 3 bar.
- An inflation pressure of 1.5 bar with subsequent pressure increase to approximately 6 bar is advantageous.
- thermoplastic starch polymer on cold mold walls can lead to embrittlement. It is therefore advisable to choose the mold temperature between 16 and 24 ° C.
- Heating temperature 130 ° C (feed to nozzle) -19 -
- the processing of the polymer blend shown here on the bottle blowing system is selected only as an example. Other customary processing methods are also possible, examples being injection molding, extrusion, extrusion blowing, film blowing.
- Areas of application and uses for the starch-based polymer blends according to the invention are, for example, measuring cups for powder, ladles, ladles for powder, handles, foils, foil bags, barrier layers for barrier layer cardboard, portion packs, hollow bodies, bottles, closures, dosing caps, pouring aids, Plant pots or geotextiles.
- Example 1 is repeated in principle; the changes made are shown in the list below.
- Dispersion used polyvinyl acetate-co-dibutyl maleate) dispersion (Wormalit PM 4739 -20 -
- Solids content 53% protective colloid: starch ether from Cordes & Co GmbH (Porta Westfalica))
- Liquid phase composition 37.9% P (VAc-co-DBM) 28.6% glycerin
- Example 1 is repeated in principle; the changes made are shown in the list below.
- Liquid phase composition 53% P (VAc / DBM / BA) 47% water
- Liquid phase dosage 2.5 kg / h
- Potato starch dosage 2.5 kg / h
- Raw material composition 40.0% potato starch
- nb not determined -26 -
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP4500340A JPH06503110A (ja) | 1990-12-05 | 1991-12-03 | 合成高分子化合物で改変したデンプンをベースにした材料および/または成形物品並びに該組成物の製造方法 |
US08/070,409 US5439953A (en) | 1990-12-05 | 1991-12-03 | Starch-based materials and/or molded parts modified by synthetic polymer compounds and process for producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP4038732.1 | 1990-12-05 | ||
DE4038732A DE4038732A1 (de) | 1990-12-05 | 1990-12-05 | Mit synthetischen polymerverbindungen modifizierte werkstoffe und/oder formteile auf staerkebasis und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1992010539A1 true WO1992010539A1 (de) | 1992-06-25 |
Family
ID=6419613
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1991/002295 WO1992010539A1 (de) | 1990-12-05 | 1991-12-03 | Mit synthetischen polymerverbindungen modifizierte werkstoffe und/oder formteile auf stärkebasis und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5439953A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0560823A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH06503110A (de) |
DE (1) | DE4038732A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1992010539A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996038502A1 (de) * | 1995-06-01 | 1996-12-05 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Stärke und polyurethane enthaltende polymerblends |
WO2004085533A1 (de) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-07 | Wacker Polymer Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verwendung von polymerisaten zur stärkemodifizierung |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4209095A1 (de) * | 1992-03-20 | 1993-09-23 | Henkel Kgaa | Thermoplastisch verarbeitbare werkstoffe auf staerkebasis, daraus gewonnene formteile und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
DE4209014A1 (de) * | 1992-03-20 | 1993-09-23 | Henkel Kgaa | Mittel zur foerderung und pflege des pflanzenwachstums und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
DE4218667A1 (de) * | 1992-06-05 | 1993-12-09 | Dorr Oliver Deutschland | Verfahren zur Fällung von Stärke |
DE4438961A1 (de) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-05-02 | Hoechst Ag | Wursthüllen aus thermoplastischer Stärke und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
US6025417A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 2000-02-15 | Biotechnology Research & Development Corp. | Biodegradable polyester compositions with natural polymers and articles thereof |
US5861216A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1999-01-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Biodegradable polyester and natural polymer laminates |
US5852078A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1998-12-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Biodegradable polyester compositions with natural polymers and articles thereof |
US5821286A (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1998-10-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Agriculture | Biodegradable polyester and natural polymer compositions and films therefrom |
US5665786A (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1997-09-09 | Bradley University | Biodegradable polyester and natural polymer compositions and expanded articles therefrom |
US6893527B1 (en) | 1996-06-28 | 2005-05-17 | William M. Doane | Biodegradable polyester and natural polymer laminates |
DE19750846C1 (de) * | 1997-11-17 | 2000-01-27 | Biop Biopolymer Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Komponente für die Herstellung von Polymermischungen auf der Basis von Stärke |
US6090884A (en) * | 1998-05-07 | 2000-07-18 | S. C. Johnson Commercial Markets, Inc. | Starch degradation/graft polymerization composition, process, and uses thereof |
JP2002528618A (ja) * | 1998-10-29 | 2002-09-03 | クロージャー メディカル コーポレイション | 1,1−二置換モノマー組成物のための高分子容器 |
DE19938672C2 (de) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-11-22 | Biop Biopolymer Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer thermoplastischen Polymermischung auf Stärkebasis durch reaktive Extrusion |
EP1095977A1 (de) * | 1999-10-28 | 2001-05-02 | Ucb, S.A. | Wässrige Polymerzusammensetzung mit einem Biopolymer und einem Polymerharz |
DE10062848C1 (de) | 2000-12-11 | 2002-04-04 | Biop Biopolymer Gmbh | Wasserformbeständiges, thermoplastisches Stärkematerial, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung |
DE50107675D1 (de) | 2001-02-01 | 2006-02-23 | Biop Biopolymer Technologies A | Thermoplastisches Polymerkomposit auf Stärkebasis mit integrierten nanoskopischen Teilchen, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
TWI244487B (en) * | 2001-08-07 | 2005-12-01 | Eko Yamaguti | Hydrolyzed and condensation-polymerized starch, process for preparing the same, and shaped articles of hydrolyzed and condensation-polymerized starch |
ATE329443T1 (de) * | 2003-03-27 | 2006-06-15 | Motorola Inc | Kommunikation zwischen einem privatem netzwerk und einem mobilem endgerät |
WO2005087857A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-22 | Agri Future Joetsu Co., Ltd. | 澱粉配合樹脂組成物、その成形品及びその製造方法 |
EP2131808A1 (de) * | 2007-03-01 | 2009-12-16 | Bioneedle Technologies Group B.V. | Implantat mit destrukturisierter stärke |
WO2008105662A1 (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-04 | Bioneedle Technologies Group B.V. | Biodegradable material based on opened starch |
FR2934272B1 (fr) * | 2008-07-24 | 2013-08-16 | Roquette Freres | Procede de preparation de compositions a base de matiere amylacee et de polymere synthetique. |
CH700543A2 (de) | 2009-03-03 | 2010-09-15 | Innogel Ag | Film auf Basis von Stärke. |
CN112552554B (zh) | 2020-12-09 | 2021-11-23 | 江南大学 | 一种自增强淀粉基多功能材料的加工方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2214918B (en) * | 1988-02-03 | 1992-10-07 | Warner Lambert Co | Polymeric materials made from starch and at least one synthetic thermoplastic polymeric material |
EP0378646A1 (de) * | 1988-07-20 | 1990-07-25 | TOMKA, Ivan | Hydrophiles polymer mit gegenüber hydrophilen lösungsmitteln erhöhter beständigkeit |
IE66735B1 (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1996-02-07 | Biotec Biolog Naturverpack | Thermoplastically workable starch and a method for the manufacture thereof |
IL93620A0 (en) * | 1989-03-09 | 1990-12-23 | Butterfly Srl | Biodegradable articles based on starch and process for producing them |
IL94588A0 (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1991-04-15 | Warner Lambert Co | Polymer base blend compositions containing destructurized starch |
-
1990
- 1990-12-05 DE DE4038732A patent/DE4038732A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-12-03 WO PCT/EP1991/002295 patent/WO1992010539A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-12-03 US US08/070,409 patent/US5439953A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-12-03 JP JP4500340A patent/JPH06503110A/ja active Pending
- 1991-12-03 EP EP91920887A patent/EP0560823A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996038502A1 (de) * | 1995-06-01 | 1996-12-05 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Stärke und polyurethane enthaltende polymerblends |
US6008276A (en) * | 1995-06-01 | 1999-12-28 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Polymer blends containing starch and polyurethane |
WO2004085533A1 (de) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-07 | Wacker Polymer Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verwendung von polymerisaten zur stärkemodifizierung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4038732A1 (de) | 1992-06-11 |
JPH06503110A (ja) | 1994-04-07 |
US5439953A (en) | 1995-08-08 |
EP0560823A1 (de) | 1993-09-22 |
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