WO1992008846A1 - An edge restraining device and method - Google Patents
An edge restraining device and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992008846A1 WO1992008846A1 PCT/GB1991/001974 GB9101974W WO9208846A1 WO 1992008846 A1 WO1992008846 A1 WO 1992008846A1 GB 9101974 W GB9101974 W GB 9101974W WO 9208846 A1 WO9208846 A1 WO 9208846A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- edge
- geogrid
- restraining
- restraining member
- mat
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
- E01C11/221—Kerbs or like edging members, e.g. flush kerbs, shoulder retaining means ; Joint members, connecting or load-transfer means specially for kerbs
Definitions
- This invention relates to an edge-restraining device, which can be used with advantage in place of the conventional kerbstones.
- the device is for edging roads or pathways made up of small element paving.
- the invention is not limited to this application since it will find use in ornamental gardens, sports complexes, public open spaces, and other situations where an edging of neat appearance, which is also cheap to manufacture and lay, is required.
- the present invention aims to provide an improved edge-restraining device.
- an edge-restraining device which includes an elongate upstanding edge-restraining member securely connected to a mesh or mat of geogrid material as herein defined.
- the edge-restraining member is located where required, and serves in place of conventional kerb-stones, and the mesh or mat is extended as necessary, e.g. in a generally horizontal direction.
- the road or path surfacing material usually (paving blocks, or occasionally tarmacadam, or any other desired surfacing material) is then laid so that mesh or mat is trapped between a base course and the laying course (usually sand).
- the mesh or mat, and hence the elongate edge-restraining member is held firmly in position against generally horizontal movement.
- the edge-restraining member is preferably of synthetic plastics material, and may be extruded for ease of manufacture.
- connection between the member and the mesh or mat may be made in any suitable way, e.g. by adhesive, by stapling, or by a plastics heat or RF or hot-air welding procedure.
- the mesh or mat becomes an integral part of the pavement or roadway construction, but is not visible, and the use of this invention obviates the need for the "wet trade” of laying newly mixed concrete to hold or "haunch” kerb stones in position. It also obviates the need for spikes to be driven in, at frequent intervals. Hence edge restraint is substantially simpler, quicker and less expensive than with prior art methods and products.
- the edge-restraining device may also be used in domestic gardens where durable, easily laid edges of neat appearance are desired.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of one example of the invention
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement shown in Figure 1, illustrating its edge-restraining relationship with the laid blocks which will provide a paved surface
- Figure 3 is a perspective view illustrating an arrangement according to the invention and which permits a non-90° configuration of two parts of an edge-restraining member.
- an edging device which includes an elongate upstanding edge defining member 10 of synthetic plastics material.
- This member 10 is L-shaped as seen in cross section, having an upstanding limb 12 and a horizontally extending limb 14.
- the member 10 may be a plastics extrusion.
- To the underside of the horizontally extending limb 14 is secured, in a substantially permanent manner, a mesh or mat 16 of geogrid material.
- geogrid in this context is used to mean any open mesh or perforated mat of textile, synthetic plastics or other flexible material which can be laid between a laying course 18, which is usually sand, and which immediately underlies the surface paving blocks 20 when they are laid, and a base layer or base course 22 which is usually rubble, aggregate, or broken and chipped rocks or stones.
- a geogrid layer as herein described interlocks to some extent with the material of the base layer. Consequently the geogrid is prevented from making any significant lateral movement. Such movement of the edge-restraining member (which is firmly secured to the geogrid) is likewise prevented.
- the geogrid mesh or mat 16 is connected to the limb 14 in any suitable manner giving adequate strength and permanency of connection, for example by adhesive, by a plastics welding procedure (in the case of a geotextile material incorporating suitable plastics), or by stapling or other fastening methods.
- the material known by the Registered Trade Mark "NETLON" and available from the Company of that name may be used for the geogrid 16. In some circumstances, it may be possible to dispense with the sand layer.
- sand 18 and path or road material 20 e.g. paving blocks as illustrated or tarmacadam or concrete, are laid over the limb 14 see Figure 2, and the geotextile material 16, and one lateral edge thereof is bounded by the upstanding limb 12.
- the road or path material when laid securely maintains and anchors the geogrid 16 and the limb 14 in position and so ensures the proper maintenance and location of the edge restraining limb 12.
- edge- restraining member 10 arises when a wheel of a heavy vehicle runs on that part of the road surface closely adjacent to the edge restraining member. With prior art constructions such a stress would often result in deformation or dislodgement of the kerb or equivalent member.
- the heavy weight of the vehicle transmitted through the wheel and then the paving block and the laying course, enhances the interlock and interengagement between the geogrid mesh or mat and the base layer and so any tendency of the mesh or mat and hence the edge-restraining member to be dislodged is automatically resisted.
- the edge restraining member 10 may be made in sections of any desired length, for example it may be made in units of one metre length, or two metre length, or any other convenient size. Although in Figure 1 the limbs 12 and 14 have been shown of approximately equal size, the invention is not considered to be limited to any particular size or shape relationship between these limbs. As seen in Figures 1 and 2, a short flange may be provided at the upper edge of the limb 12.
- FIG. 3 shows a version of the invention in which the elongate upstanding edge-restraining member is required to define an edge which has straight portions which join each other at various angles.
- the edge-restraining member 110 shown in Figure 3 has parts of its horizontal flange 140 cut away prior to the attachment thereto of the geogrid 160.
- the resulting recesses are illustrated at 162.
- the upstanding limb 120 of this member becomes readily deformable by hand and during the laying of an edge-restraining member the member can be bent as desired. In this way the limbs 120 can be made to follow a non-linear or cranked configuration in a horizontal plane.
- the geogrid 160 is then securely attached to the non-removed parts of the limb 140 in the manner illustrated.
- one geogrid portion 160A can overlay another 160B.
- the laying course e.g. sand, is then laid over the geogrid and a suitable road or path surface laid thereon.
- edge-restraining members 10 or 110 of different shape could be employed if particular technical or aesthetic effects are desired. While the road material has been mentioned as paving stones or blocks, it could equally well be other suitable materials, e.g. concrete or tarmacadam. Other variations and improvements, which would be considered within the scope of the invention, will occur to the man skilled in the art.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
An edge-restraining device includes an elongate upstanding edge-restraining member (10) connected to a geogrid (16). A geogrid is an open mesh or perforated or apertured mat of textile, synthetic plastics or other flexible material capable of interengaging and interlocking to some extent with a base course of rubble, etc.
Description
AN EDGE RESTRAINING DEVICE AND METHOD
This invention relates to an edge-restraining device, which can be used with advantage in place of the conventional kerbstones. In particular the device is for edging roads or pathways made up of small element paving. However, the invention is not limited to this application since it will find use in ornamental gardens, sports complexes, public open spaces, and other situations where an edging of neat appearance, which is also cheap to manufacture and lay, is required.
The conventional kerbstone has been known for hundreds of years and under modern practice is usually maintained in position, before the road surface is laid, by "haunching", that is to say laying concrete or mortar to hold it in position which is then allowed to dry. It would be desirable to avoid this costly extra step. A proposal has been made, see U.S. Patent No. 4,863,307, to use a plastics edging strip which is held in position by a series of vertical headed spikes which extend through the strip and into a compacted aggregate base. This system is claimed to give some restraint at the edge of an area of paving. A similar concept is employed in certain paving systems on offer in U.S.A., known as "BRIC-EDG", "SNAP-EDGE" and "DIAMOND-LOK". Defects of systems which rely on spikes to hold edging in place are that the support against lateral forces is dependent on the characteristics of the material into which the spikes are driven, and extra costs in laying are incurred due to the labour employed to drive in the spikes.
The present invention aims to provide an improved edge-restraining device.
According to the invention, there is provided an edge-restraining device which includes an elongate upstanding edge-restraining member securely connected to a mesh or mat of geogrid material as herein defined.
In use, the edge-restraining member is located where required, and serves in place of conventional kerb-stones, and the mesh or mat is extended as necessary, e.g. in a generally horizontal direction. The road or path surfacing material usually (paving blocks, or occasionally tarmacadam, or any other
desired surfacing material) is then laid so that mesh or mat is trapped between a base course and the laying course (usually sand). Thus, the mesh or mat, and hence the elongate edge-restraining member, is held firmly in position against generally horizontal movement.
The edge-restraining member is preferably of synthetic plastics material, and may be extruded for ease of manufacture.
The connection between the member and the mesh or mat may be made in any suitable way, e.g. by adhesive, by stapling, or by a plastics heat or RF or hot-air welding procedure.
It is an important feature of the present invention that displacement of the edge-restraining member is resisted by tensile forces in the geogrid mesh or mat. The mesh or mat is prevented from making any movement in a generally horizontal direction due to its interengagement with the random material of the base course. The base course is usually broken rock, or chippings, or small size rubble.
This is a contrast with known constructions in which an edge member is maintained in position by spikes or pins driven through the edge member and into , the ground. Such constructions are usually unable to effectively resist lateral forces which are likely to be encountered in normal use.
In the use of the present invention, the mesh or mat becomes an integral part of the pavement or roadway construction, but is not visible, and the use of this invention obviates the need for the "wet trade" of laying newly mixed concrete to hold or "haunch" kerb stones in position. It also obviates the need for spikes to be driven in, at frequent intervals. Hence edge restraint is substantially simpler, quicker and less expensive than with prior art methods and products.
The edge-restraining device may also be used in domestic gardens where durable, easily laid edges of neat appearance are desired.
The invention will be better understood from the following non-limiting description of examples thereof given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-
Figure 1 is a perspective view of one example of the invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement shown in Figure 1, illustrating its edge-restraining relationship with the laid blocks which will provide a paved surface; and
Figure 3 is a perspective view illustrating an arrangement according to the invention and which permits a non-90° configuration of two parts of an edge-restraining member.
Referring firstly to Figures 1 and 2, an edging device according to the invention is illustrated which includes an elongate upstanding edge defining member 10 of synthetic plastics material. This member 10 is L-shaped as seen in cross section, having an upstanding limb 12 and a horizontally extending limb 14. The member 10 may be a plastics extrusion. To the underside of the horizontally extending limb 14 is secured, in a substantially permanent manner, a mesh or mat 16 of geogrid material. The term "geogrid" in this context is used to mean any open mesh or perforated mat of textile, synthetic plastics or other flexible material which can be laid between a laying course 18, which is usually sand, and which immediately underlies the surface paving blocks 20 when they are laid, and a base layer or base course 22 which is usually rubble, aggregate, or broken and chipped rocks or stones. When so laid a geogrid layer as herein described interlocks to some extent with the material of the base layer. Consequently the geogrid is prevented from making any significant lateral movement. Such movement of the edge-restraining member (which is firmly secured to the geogrid) is likewise prevented. The geogrid mesh or mat 16 is connected to the limb 14 in any suitable manner giving adequate strength and permanency of connection, for example by adhesive, by a plastics welding procedure (in the case of a geotextile material incorporating suitable plastics), or by stapling or other fastening methods. The material known by the Registered Trade Mark "NETLON" and available from the Company of that name may be used for the geogrid 16. In some circumstances, it may be possible to dispense with the sand layer.
In use, sand 18 and path or road material 20, e.g. paving blocks as illustrated or tarmacadam or concrete, are laid over the limb 14 see Figure 2, and the geotextile material 16, and one lateral edge thereof is bounded by the
upstanding limb 12. The road or path material when laid securely maintains and anchors the geogrid 16 and the limb 14 in position and so ensures the proper maintenance and location of the edge restraining limb 12.
It is to be noted that a condition of maximum stress on the edge- restraining member 10 arises when a wheel of a heavy vehicle runs on that part of the road surface closely adjacent to the edge restraining member. With prior art constructions such a stress would often result in deformation or dislodgement of the kerb or equivalent member. However, with the arrangement according to the present invention, the heavy weight of the vehicle, transmitted through the wheel and then the paving block and the laying course, enhances the interlock and interengagement between the geogrid mesh or mat and the base layer and so any tendency of the mesh or mat and hence the edge-restraining member to be dislodged is automatically resisted.
The edge restraining member 10 may be made in sections of any desired length, for example it may be made in units of one metre length, or two metre length, or any other convenient size. Although in Figure 1 the limbs 12 and 14 have been shown of approximately equal size, the invention is not considered to be limited to any particular size or shape relationship between these limbs. As seen in Figures 1 and 2, a short flange may be provided at the upper edge of the limb 12.
Referring now to Figure 3, this shows a version of the invention in which the elongate upstanding edge-restraining member is required to define an edge which has straight portions which join each other at various angles.
The edge-restraining member 110 shown in Figure 3 has parts of its horizontal flange 140 cut away prior to the attachment thereto of the geogrid 160. The resulting recesses are illustrated at 162. As a result, the upstanding limb 120 of this member becomes readily deformable by hand and during the laying of an edge-restraining member the member can be bent as desired. In this way the limbs 120 can be made to follow a non-linear or cranked configuration in a horizontal plane. The geogrid 160 is then securely attached to the non-removed parts of the limb 140 in the manner illustrated. As seen at
the middle part of Figure 3, one geogrid portion 160A can overlay another 160B. The laying course, e.g. sand, is then laid over the geogrid and a suitable road or path surface laid thereon.
It will be appreciated that edge-restraining members 10 or 110 of different shape could be employed if particular technical or aesthetic effects are desired. While the road material has been mentioned as paving stones or blocks, it could equally well be other suitable materials, e.g. concrete or tarmacadam. Other variations and improvements, which would be considered within the scope of the invention, will occur to the man skilled in the art.
Claims
1. An edge-restraining device which includes an elongate upstanding edge- restraining member securely connected to a mesh or mat of geogrid material as herein defined.
2. A device according to claim 1 in which the edge-restraining member is an extrusion of a synthetic piastres material.
3. A device according to claim 1 or 2 in which the geogrid is an open mesh mat of a flexible plastics material.
4. A device according to claim 1 or 2 in the geogrid is a flexible perforated or apertured textile mat, optionally strengthened by reinforcing fibres or strips.
5. A device according to any preceding claim in which the edge-restraining member is connected to the geogrid by adhesive, by stapling, or by a plastics heat or RF or hot-air welding procedure.
6. A method of providing edge restraint at the margin of an area of small element paving which comprises laying down a geogrid as herein defined connected to an edge-restraining member on top of a base course which includes broken rock, chippings, small size rubble or other material capable of interengagement with the geogrid, and then laying sand and the paving elements on top of the geogrid.
7. An edge-restraining device substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
8. Any novel combination or sub-combination of features disclosed and/or illustrated herein.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB909024559A GB9024559D0 (en) | 1990-11-12 | 1990-11-12 | An edge restraining device |
| GB9024559.8 | 1990-11-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1992008846A1 true WO1992008846A1 (en) | 1992-05-29 |
Family
ID=10685244
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1991/001974 WO1992008846A1 (en) | 1990-11-12 | 1991-11-11 | An edge restraining device and method |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU8873491A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9024559D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992008846A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002081822A1 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2002-10-17 | Formpave Holdings Ltd | A reinforced permeable paving structure |
| GB2411421A (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-08-31 | Quintin Anthony Murfin | Anchored kerb stone system |
| AT13890U1 (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-11-15 | Avi Alpenländische Veredelungs Ind Ges M B H | Method of making a paving and pavement made therewith |
| CH719527A1 (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2023-09-29 | Profilsager Ag | Gravel stopper strip and process for its production. |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2207163A (en) * | 1987-07-14 | 1989-01-25 | Graham Geoffrey Cannon | Improvements in or relating to kerbs |
| US4863307A (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-09-05 | Stephen Jones | Restraint edge for paving members |
-
1990
- 1990-11-12 GB GB909024559A patent/GB9024559D0/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-11-11 WO PCT/GB1991/001974 patent/WO1992008846A1/en active Application Filing
- 1991-11-11 AU AU88734/91A patent/AU8873491A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2207163A (en) * | 1987-07-14 | 1989-01-25 | Graham Geoffrey Cannon | Improvements in or relating to kerbs |
| US4863307A (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-09-05 | Stephen Jones | Restraint edge for paving members |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002081822A1 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2002-10-17 | Formpave Holdings Ltd | A reinforced permeable paving structure |
| AU2002217305B2 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2006-10-19 | Hanson Building Products Ltd | A reinforced permeable paving structure |
| US7168884B2 (en) | 2001-04-06 | 2007-01-30 | Formpave Holdings Ltd. | Reinforced permeable paving structure |
| GB2411421A (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-08-31 | Quintin Anthony Murfin | Anchored kerb stone system |
| AT13890U1 (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-11-15 | Avi Alpenländische Veredelungs Ind Ges M B H | Method of making a paving and pavement made therewith |
| CH719527A1 (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2023-09-29 | Profilsager Ag | Gravel stopper strip and process for its production. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU8873491A (en) | 1992-06-11 |
| GB9024559D0 (en) | 1991-01-02 |
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