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WO1992006768A1 - Procede et dispositif pour l'epuration de gaz de fumee - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour l'epuration de gaz de fumee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992006768A1
WO1992006768A1 PCT/DE1991/000806 DE9100806W WO9206768A1 WO 1992006768 A1 WO1992006768 A1 WO 1992006768A1 DE 9100806 W DE9100806 W DE 9100806W WO 9206768 A1 WO9206768 A1 WO 9206768A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oxide
filter material
gas
exhaust gas
exhaust gases
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1991/000806
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Herrmann Gerstenmeier
Original Assignee
Herrmann Gerstenmeier
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE4033019A external-priority patent/DE4033019A1/de
Priority claimed from DE4103350A external-priority patent/DE4103350A1/de
Priority claimed from DE4106301A external-priority patent/DE4106301A1/de
Application filed by Herrmann Gerstenmeier filed Critical Herrmann Gerstenmeier
Priority to AU86443/91A priority Critical patent/AU8644391A/en
Publication of WO1992006768A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992006768A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/0217—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters the filtering elements having the form of hollow cylindrical bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B01D39/2072—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular
    • B01D39/2075—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular sintered or bonded by inorganic agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
    • C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0226—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0081—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as catalysts or catalyst carriers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F01N2230/02—Exhaust filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2310/00—Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
    • F01N2310/06—Porous ceramics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/10—Tubes having non-circular cross section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for carrying out the method for cleaning exhaust gases, in particular for the filtering removal of soot particles from the exhaust gases of diesel internal combustion engines and building heating systems, the exhaust gas being passed through a special filter material which is resistant to high temperatures and is in a filter space is located, which is surrounded on the outside by a gas-permeable covering, preferably also made of high-temperature resistant material, through which the cleaned exhaust gas exits.
  • Catalysts are required to be in the exhaust gases
  • Diesel vehicles have also been criticized for a number of years after it was suspected that the soot particles contained in the exhaust gas of these vehicles could be carcinogenic.
  • a catalyst which only relates to the oxidation of CO and hydrocarbons is disclosed in DE-OS 21 55 338.
  • It can contain lanthanum and rare earths, strontium, barium, nickel, cobalt, iron, zinc, copper, ruthenium, osmium, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, manganese, vanadium, tantalum and the like. a. contain .
  • DE-OS 23 03 695 discloses an oxidation catalyst which contains manganese oxide and platinum and / or palladium.
  • Catalysts which only serve to reduce NO are disclosed in DE-OS 21 33 271. They consist of manganese oxide, palladium and iron oxide or nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc or cerium oxide on an annealed aluminum oxide support.
  • DE-OS 21 40 852 also discloses a reduction catalyst which consists of palladium and rhodium on an annealed support.
  • DE-OS 21 58 877 discloses a two-bed system consisting of a reduction and an oxidation bed.
  • Reduction catalysts are rhodium, iridium or palladium.
  • the reduction catalyst in DE-OS 23 55 418 is nickel / copper.
  • a catalyst for the simultaneous removal of NO x , hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide is disclosed in DE-OS 29 28 249.
  • a catalyst is used, the cerium,
  • Nickel. Carrier is a shockproof, weakly porous
  • the active metals are selected from the group consisting of the of pollutants of pollutants.
  • DE-OS 32 223 500 discloses a catalyst which consists of rhodium, palladium, cerium oxide and iron oxide on aluminum oxide as a carrier.
  • DE-OS 33 25 292 discloses a catalyst made of iron, nickel and cobalt on ceramic
  • Aluminum oxide or titanium oxide are Aluminum oxide or titanium oxide.
  • DE-OS 25 19 609 a device for separating soot is described with a pleated filter in which the initiator and
  • the soot area burns down.
  • DE-OS 30 17 784 describes a soot filter made of porous ceramic which has a heating coil embedded in it which is connected to the filter.
  • DE-OS 30 24 539 discloses a device for
  • Eliminate soot from exhaust gases essentially consists of a filter, which according to the example given consists of SiO 2 fibers.
  • the deposited soot is burned off by microwaves, wall elements on the clean gas side being arranged on the filter, which are impermeable to microwaves.
  • Soot filter also disclosed from SiO 2 fibers, wherein
  • the filter consists of spun quartz glass or ceramic fibers or of open-pore foam ceramic or fine oxide ceramic granulate.
  • An essential inventive feature is the combustion of the soot deposited on the filter by using the electrical conductivity of the carbon black.
  • DE-OS 23 53 346 also describes a method and a device for removing combustible, particulate substances from exhaust gases from internal combustion engines.
  • the filter is placed as close as possible behind the engine.
  • soot filters consist of a ceramic block, which is produced by injection molding and contains very many channels, the channels into which
  • Exhaust gas flows in and is closed on the outlet side, so that the exhaust gas has to pass through the thin walls of the channels, which Cornng Glass Works wrapped ceramic bodies are technically used as soot filters.
  • the sensitivity of the material is increased due to crystallization processes in the ceramic material, in particular when regenerating by burning, whereby embrittlement also occurs.
  • Daimler-Benz is testing a soot filter for trucks that contains copper oxide as a combustion catalyst, with additional acetvlacetone being injected. 20,000 DM are estimated for such a device
  • the applicant has now found a solution to the problem described, characterized in that the exhaust gas is passed through a filter material containing 30-99.8% by weight, preferably 50-95% by weight, of Al 2 O 3 and 0, 2-70% by weight, preferably 5-50% by weight of SiO 2 or SiO 2 + ZrO 2 contains that the ZrO 2 content 0.05-75 %
  • the total amount of SiO 2 + ZrO 2 can be such that the density of the material is 0.01-1.5 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.03-
  • the present invention further relates to a device for cleaning exhaust gases, in particular for the filtering removal of soot particles from the exhaust gases of diesel internal combustion engines and building heating systems, which has a space into which the exhaust gas to be cleaned is introduced, which is open on the input side and closed on the output side and a room in which there is high-temperature resistant filter material, characterized in that a gas-permeable covering is arranged around the filter material, that the filter material 30-99.8% by weight, preferably 50-95% by weight Al 2 O 3 , and 0.2-70 wt .-%, preferably 5-50 wt .-% SiO 2 or SiO 2 + ZrO 2 contains and that the ZrO 2 portion 0.05-75 wt .-% of the sum of the SiO 2 +
  • ZrO 2 amount can be and that the density of the material
  • the filter material can also be used very effectively to remove carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and NO x from exhaust gases, in particular from Internal combustion engines are used when it is
  • oxidation catalyst for removing carbon monoxide preferably contains at least one catalyst from the group on the surface: oxidation catalyst for removing carbon monoxide, oxidation catalyst for removing hydrocarbons, oxidation catalyst for removing carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, reduction catalyst for removing NO x from exhaust gases.
  • Hydrogen catalyzed can remove about 90% of the hydrocarbons and CO and about 83% of the NO x .
  • the exhaust gas is generally passed over the surface of the material carrying the catalyst.
  • very complex structures are used to enlarge the catalyst surface and to redirect the exhaust gas in order to bring about intimate contact between the catalyst and the exhaust gas .
  • DE-OS 31 16 967 discloses a metallic winding body. According to DE-OS 27 59 559 corrugated, coated metal strips are used or in DE-OS 29 05 241 and DE-OS 29 47 694 one
  • catalysts are in finely divided form on and / or in the filter material according to the invention with its specific
  • the filter is directed.
  • the catalyst can also be located in and on the surface of the filter material itself. Due to its uniform structure of only low density and the device according to the invention, there is an extremely intimate contact between exhaust gas and catalyst material
  • the material according to the invention is used shortly after the internal combustion engine is started up
  • CO, NO x , hydrocarbons and soot can be achieved.
  • a further advantage of the method according to the invention or the device according to the invention is the result that the removal of catalyst from the material according to the invention is significantly less than with catalysts which are located on surfaces according to the prior art, in particular when the catalysts are in the filter material itself is incorporated.
  • Catalysts are applied to or in the material, because there are very many processes for this
  • the filters according to the invention are for removing the
  • Pollutants NO x , carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons as well as soot are ideally suited because they completely separate the soot and build up only very little pressure, allow intimate contact between the pollutants and the catalyst, can be brought quickly to the temperature of the full activity of the catalyst and during the separation process soot can be brought to the combustion temperature of the soot very quickly with only a small amount of heat and the removal of catalyst is also very low.
  • the present invention accordingly leads to previously unachieved properties of methods and devices for removing pollutants from exhaust gases.
  • the filter material is also possible to pretreat the filter material in such a way that it can be regenerated or. Removing the soot deposited on the filter does not require the use of burners and heaters. This is achieved in that the filter material is preferably pretreated with a soluble iron compound in such a way that the iron compound is sprayed onto the filter material in dissolved form.
  • other treatment methods are also possible according to the invention, such as, for example, immersing the filter material in a dilute solution of the iron compound.
  • the material is then thermally treated at a temperature at which the material dries or
  • the temperature can be varied within wide limits, for example from room temperature to 2000 ° C. Stoving can take place according to the invention, but is not required.
  • the filter material treated with the solvent can be used after the solvent has largely or completely evaporated use directly in the device according to the invention.
  • Boiling point such as the lower alcohols and ketones and their mixtures.
  • ethers, cyclic compounds containing heteroatoms, aromatics and numerous others can also be used.
  • All soluble iron compounds can be used according to the invention.
  • Organic iron compounds are e.g. B. Ferrocene, iron acetylacetonate, iron acetates and many others. Preference is given to ferrocene and derivatives, which can be dissolved, for example, in methanol.
  • the pretreatment described leads to the fact that when a certain counterpressure is reached when the filter or the device according to the invention is operated, the soot burns off automatically without any further action. The back pressure goes back to the outlet pressure or up to the vicinity of the outlet pressure. Then the back pressure builds up again, followed by another burning of the soot. So far, the applicant has not noticed a decrease in this burning cycle even after burning over 100 times.
  • FIG. 1 shows a filter and / or catalyst device in cross section
  • FIG. 2 shows one in longitudinal section
  • Figure 3 shows a further filter and / or catalyst device.
  • Figure 4 also shows an example of a filter and / or catalyst device.
  • Figures 5-7 show the pressure build-up depending on the flow time and the filter construction.
  • FIG. 8 shows a further arrangement according to the invention.
  • Mullite is a preferred constituent in the filter material according to the invention, particularly in the range of high temperatures up to 2000 ° C. It can be present in any proportion. Preferred are 20-100% by weight, more preferred
  • the material can also contain amorphous components.
  • the filter material is preferably used in fiber form, but it can also have numerous other configurations, such as, for example, granulate form, mat form, woven form, cloth form and others, the latter forms also
  • yarns can also be made from the material according to the invention with reinforcements on the inside such as glass fibers or inconel.
  • the fibers used in the invention can be made in various ways, e.g.
  • the fibers can be produced, for example, by mixing the starting material into a slurry in the presence of an organic or inorganic binder, the oxides used preferably being in a gel-like composition.
  • the fibers are drawn from the slurry, annealed after being pulled and then fired at at least 1 400 ° C, but below
  • Another method of production can be such that alumina and silicon dioxide are melted in an arc furnace and the melt mixture is poured into threads or threads are drawn from the melt, which are then refined into fibers.
  • the density of the material is important. It is 0.01-1.5
  • g / cm 3 preferably 0.03-1 g / cm 3 and particularly preferably 0.06-0.5 g / cm 3 .
  • the filter device according to the invention is preferably tubular.
  • the exhaust gas is introduced into a space which is located inside the device, preferably arranged centrally, e.g. as a tubular space with, for example, a round or oval cross section, the entire filter device also being able to have a round or oval cross section, but this is not absolutely necessary.
  • Other cross sections can also be used according to the invention, such as e.g. rectangular, square, irregular, trapezoidal, etc.
  • the central room is preferably
  • the diameter of the room is generally 1-30 cm.
  • the room is delimited to the outside by a dimensionally stable wall that is gas-permeable.
  • the wall consists of a sheet provided with openings, such as a perforated sheet or a wire basket.
  • the material can be steel, stainless steel, copper or another metal or alloy.
  • the wall can also consist of ceramic material or other dimensionally stable, temperature-resistant materials. Around the wall there is a room in which the actual filter material is located.
  • Filter material can also be embedded in other temperature-resistant materials, for example gas-permeable metal or ceramic body or metal fibers.
  • the fibers of the filter material according to the invention are preferably arranged in a tangled position. However, they can also be mat-like, cotton-like, fleece-like, layer-by-layer, vacuum-shaped or shaped or arranged differently, and they can also be directional.
  • a covering is arranged around the filter material, which is preferably fabric-like.
  • the casing preferably also consists of the filter material according to the invention. However, it can also consist of other high-temperature resistant materials. It is known to the person skilled in the art that numerous materials have high-temperature resistant properties, e.g. Aluminum silicates in general, aluminum silicates with a high proportion of aluminum oxide, chromium oxides, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxides, silicates such as alkaline earth silicates, titanium oxide, boron oxide, aluminum borosilicates, natural silicates such as rock formers, clays, clays, carbides, manganese oxides, germanium oxide and rare earth oxides Combinations of the materials mentioned.
  • Aluminum silicates in general, aluminum silicates with a high proportion of aluminum oxide, chromium oxides, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxides, silicates such as alkaline earth silicates, titanium oxide, boron
  • the fabric-like sheath is gas-permeable, so that the exhaust gas can flow through and can flow out cleaned.
  • the filter device is located in a muffler-like device, which is usually made of sheet steel or stainless steel sheet and is open on the output side. Between the steel sheet and the casing, rib-like or other holders or steel wool, ceramic material or the like can be arranged to fix the filter device, so that a space is present through which the cleaned exhaust gas can flow to the outlet of the silencer-like container.
  • the filter device in the container has a strong sound-absorbing effect, so that an additional silencer is generally not necessary.
  • a solid, gas-permeable wall such as, for example, a perforated plate or a wire cage, is generally arranged around the fabric-like covering.
  • the covering which is preferably fabric-like, prevents the passage of even the smallest fiber particles in the ⁇ range, despite the very good permeability for the cleaned gas.
  • the exhaust gas can also flow from the outside inwards in the manner according to the invention. However, the flow path from the inside to the outside is preferred according to the invention.
  • wet mat can be used.
  • a high temperature resistant mat in water-wet condition from
  • Such a mat can be 30-75, for example
  • the permeability to the exhaust gases can be increased by driving an inert gas stream under pressure through the mat before use. The effect of driving with N 2 is shown by the following
  • the length, wall thickness and inner diameter of the filter tubes can vary within wide limits depending on the motor type.
  • the devices according to the invention can have lengths of a few centimeters to the order of magnitude of meters. Usual lengths are 15-80 cm
  • Filter walls can be a few millimeters to many cm thick.
  • the motor vehicle specialist has a wide range here to select these values from the points of view which are important to him. It must be taken into account here that the density of the material used according to the invention and the wall thickness of the filter can complement one another.
  • customary filter wall thicknesses are approx. 5-300, preferably 10-150 mm, in the case of the high densities these thicknesses may be undershot and in the case of the low densities these thicknesses may be exceeded.
  • the largest of these filters consists of a ceramic block 38 cm long and 38 cm in diameter. It contains approximately 17,000 channels in one direction, which are open on the input side and just as many channels, which are closed on the input side and open on the output side.
  • the channels have an approximately square shape with a side length of approximately 0.2 mm.
  • the exhaust gas flows through the very thin, porous walls of the input channels into the output channels.
  • the full filtering effect of the channels which in the case of the filters available on the market, depending on the type, is between 65 and 95% of the soot present in the exhaust gas, is only achieved after at least 1 hour of operation, since enough soot is then deposited to be used as a filter to act.
  • the back pressure increases depending on the filter type
  • filter materials with a density of 0.06-0.5 can be very cheap according to the invention.
  • the arrangement and number of filter tubes, shape, wall thickness, diameter and length of the filter tubes can be adapted to the respective vehicle type.
  • the externally closed areas of the filter device according to the invention can be conventional
  • the fabric-like covering can also be closed by sewing.
  • the filter material apparently act in conjunction with the arrangement according to the invention in which the filter material is in direct contact with the
  • the filter according to the invention can not only be used for cleaning engine exhaust gases, it also gives good results when used for cleaning exhaust gases from building heating systems. However, it is advantageous here to press the heating exhaust gas through the filter by means of a fan.
  • the filter device according to the invention was heated to 2000 ° C. with a burner and then cooled to room temperature. The results are summarized in the following table.
  • (2) is the centrally located space for introducing the exhaust gas to be cleaned.
  • (3) is a perforated plate attached between this and the filter bottom.
  • (4) represents the envelope.
  • (5) is the outer space through which the cleaned exhaust gas flows out.
  • (6) is a gas-permeable, supporting wall around the casing (4).
  • (7) is the silencer-like casing.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a device according to the invention in longitudinal section.
  • the exhaust gas to be cleaned enters the room (2), flows through the gas-permeable wall (3) and enters the
  • the exhaust gas to be cleaned flows into the room (2) through which
  • the covering is sewn like sacks.
  • Around the wrapper is the
  • Support wall (6) arranged. At (9) is the sheath (4)
  • Figure 4 represents one of an inner and an outer
  • the exhaust gas to be filtered enters through (7) the space (4) between the inner and outer filter.
  • the filtered exhaust gas exits the filter arrangement from room (1) via (8) and outside via (9).
  • (2) and (6) are cloth-like materials that prevent the removal of the finest fiber particles.
  • (10) represents the housing around the filter assembly.
  • the filter consists only of an envelope (4) surrounded by a gas-permeable support plate (6).
  • the exhaust gas to be cleaned enters the interior (2).
  • Curve (a) shows a relatively quick build-up of pressure.
  • a counter pressure of 110 mbar is already achieved after 2 hours.
  • FIG. 6 shows a filter which consists of an inner space (2) into which the exhaust gas to be cleaned enters, a gas-permeable solid wall (3), the actual filter space (1), which contains the filter material according to the invention, the casing ( 4), to which the filter material lies directly and the outer, supporting, gas-permeable wall (6).
  • Curve (b) shows that the back pressure rises only very slowly and then rises less. After 2 hours of driving, the back pressure is only approx. 40 mbar.
  • FIG. 7 shows a filter in which a gas-permeable perforated plate (8) is located between the filter material and the casing 4).
  • Curve (c) shows the surprising effect of this changed structure, although the pressure increase is less than in curve (a), but much stronger than in
  • (2) represents the passage of the exhaust gas through the filter zone and casing.
  • (3) is the filter space in which the filter material is located.
  • (4) is the wrapper.
  • (5) is the space through which the cleaned exhaust gas flows out.
  • (6) represents the direction of the exhaust gas flowing out.
  • (7) is the closed space on the outlet side into which the exhaust gas to be cleaned flows.
  • the arrangement represents an arrangement in which the filter zone and the envelope have a rectangular shape.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé et à un dispositif pour la réalisation du procédé pour l'épuration de gaz de fumée, en particulier pour l'élimination par filtrage de particules de suie dans les gaz de fumée de moteurs diesel et d'installations de chauffage d'immeubles, les gaz de fumée passant à travers un matériau filtrant spécial résistant à de hautes températures et se trouvant dans un espace filtrant, lequel est entouré d'une enveloppe perméable aux gaz, de préférence également en matériau résistant à de hautes températures, à travers laquelle sortent les gaz de fumée épurés.
PCT/DE1991/000806 1990-10-18 1991-10-12 Procede et dispositif pour l'epuration de gaz de fumee WO1992006768A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU86443/91A AU8644391A (en) 1990-10-18 1991-10-12 Process and device for purifying exhaust gases

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP40330192 1990-10-18
DE4033019A DE4033019A1 (de) 1990-10-18 1990-10-18 Abgasfilter
DE4103350A DE4103350A1 (de) 1991-02-05 1991-02-05 Verwendung eines al(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)o(pfeil abwaerts)3(pfeil abwaerts) und sio(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts) enthaltenden materials zur reinigung von abgasen
DEP41033507 1991-02-05
DEP4106301.5 1991-02-28
DE4106301A DE4106301A1 (de) 1991-02-28 1991-02-28 Verfahren zum regenerieren mit russ beladener abgasfilter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992006768A1 true WO1992006768A1 (fr) 1992-04-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1991/000806 WO1992006768A1 (fr) 1990-10-18 1991-10-12 Procede et dispositif pour l'epuration de gaz de fumee

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0571655A3 (fr) * 1992-04-27 1994-04-20 N E Chemcat Corp
GB2275429A (en) * 1993-02-25 1994-08-31 Sumitomo Chemical Co Exhaust gas filter element
EP0717177A3 (fr) * 1994-11-16 1996-07-03 Isuzu Ceramics Res Inst
US8163377B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2012-04-24 The Morgan Crucible Company Plc High temperature resistant fibres

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4396565A (en) * 1980-08-21 1983-08-02 Nippon Soken, Inc. Method for producing a filter
US4436538A (en) * 1981-04-22 1984-03-13 Nippon Soken, Inc. Filter for cleaning exhaust gases from diesel engine
US4456457A (en) * 1981-04-28 1984-06-26 Nippon Soken, Inc. Exhaust gas cleaning device for diesel engine
EP0277012A1 (fr) * 1987-01-28 1988-08-03 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Filtre en nid d'abeilles en céramique pour purifier des gaz d'échappement
DE3720963A1 (de) * 1987-06-25 1989-01-05 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur abscheidung der asche aus dem bei der verbrennung von kohle anfallenden gas
WO1989003720A1 (fr) * 1987-10-23 1989-05-05 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Procedes et dispositifs de nettoyage de gaz

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4396565A (en) * 1980-08-21 1983-08-02 Nippon Soken, Inc. Method for producing a filter
US4436538A (en) * 1981-04-22 1984-03-13 Nippon Soken, Inc. Filter for cleaning exhaust gases from diesel engine
US4456457A (en) * 1981-04-28 1984-06-26 Nippon Soken, Inc. Exhaust gas cleaning device for diesel engine
EP0277012A1 (fr) * 1987-01-28 1988-08-03 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Filtre en nid d'abeilles en céramique pour purifier des gaz d'échappement
DE3720963A1 (de) * 1987-06-25 1989-01-05 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur abscheidung der asche aus dem bei der verbrennung von kohle anfallenden gas
WO1989003720A1 (fr) * 1987-10-23 1989-05-05 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Procedes et dispositifs de nettoyage de gaz

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0571655A3 (fr) * 1992-04-27 1994-04-20 N E Chemcat Corp
GB2275429A (en) * 1993-02-25 1994-08-31 Sumitomo Chemical Co Exhaust gas filter element
US5472468A (en) * 1993-02-25 1995-12-05 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Exhaust gas filter element
GB2275429B (en) * 1993-02-25 1997-07-16 Sumitomo Chemical Co Exhaust gas filter element
EP0717177A3 (fr) * 1994-11-16 1996-07-03 Isuzu Ceramics Res Inst
US5611831A (en) * 1994-11-16 1997-03-18 Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co., Ltd. Diesel particulate filter apparatus
US8163377B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2012-04-24 The Morgan Crucible Company Plc High temperature resistant fibres

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