WO1992002702A1 - Programmation a distance des fonctions d'un vehicule - Google Patents
Programmation a distance des fonctions d'un vehicule Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992002702A1 WO1992002702A1 PCT/US1991/005612 US9105612W WO9202702A1 WO 1992002702 A1 WO1992002702 A1 WO 1992002702A1 US 9105612 W US9105612 W US 9105612W WO 9202702 A1 WO9202702 A1 WO 9202702A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- security code
- receiver
- field programming
- function
- generate
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
- B60R25/20—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B49/00—Electric permutation locks; Circuits therefor ; Mechanical aspects of electronic locks; Mechanical keys therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
- B60R25/20—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off
- B60R25/24—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00182—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00817—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys where the code of the lock can be programmed
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00182—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
- G07C2009/00206—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks the keyless data carrier being hand operated
- G07C2009/00222—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks the keyless data carrier being hand operated by more than one push button
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
- G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to remotely-controlled vehicle locking systems and, more particularly, to the use of such a system to program the function of electrically-controlled vehicle functions.
- door lock Electrically-controlled vehicle door and trunk locking/unlocking (door lock) systems have become increasingly popular. To enhance their performance, many types of keyless entry systems have been provided for these door lock systems.
- a hard-wired numeric keypad usually comprising five input keys, is provided on the vehicle door. Manipulation of the keys input a security code to lock/unlock the vehicle's doors and/or trunk. Operation of this system requires memorization of a security code and maintaining the secrecy of the security code.
- An improvement on this type of keyless entry system is a remote control system which utilizes a hand-held transmitter that emits an infra-red beam to a vehicle-mounted receiver to effect locking and unlocking of the doors and/or trunk.
- a security code is programmed into both receiver and transmitter. This eliminates the necessity of memorizing a security code or keeping it secret.
- Such a system has limited utility since it requires a clear, straight line (line-of-sight) path between transmitter and receiver to function.
- a remote control of this type is shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,573,046 to Pinnow.
- An improvement on this remote system utilizes a hand-held transmitter which emits a radio frequency signal to a vehicle-mounted receiver for effecting the lock/unlock functions. To function, a transmitter need only be within range of the receiver.
- a drawback of this type system is that transmitter and receiver must be matched.
- a remote control system described in U.S. Patent No. 4,893,240 to Karkouti provides for the remote initiation of the gas pumping, engine starting, heater actuation, air conditioning initiation, and defroster start-up by depressing an appropriate function key on the transmitter keypad.
- Keypad-type keyless entry systems which are currently available feature the ability to manipulate the keys in a predetermined sequence, after a master code is entered, to disable an automatic door lock
- ADL Normally this ADL automatically locks/unlocks the vehicle doors upon actuation of the ignition switch to on/off position.
- the keypad manipulation requires memorization of another key sequence. It would be desirable to provide a remote control type of keyless entry system that features the expanded capability of controlling other electrically- operated vehicle functions.
- a remote control system has a transmitter with means for transmitting two-part signals of binary bits each containing a security code and a different function code.
- a receiver is mounted to a support structure and is operative to generate control signals for effecting at least two primary functions and affecting operation of at least one secondary function.
- the receiver comprises a memory for storing a security code of binary bits, and a comparator for comparing the security code of a received signal with said stored security code to generate a control signal for effecting the indicated primary function upon detecting a security code match.
- Field programming means are provided on the receiver to initiate field programming time periods; the receiver is operable during a field programming period to generate a control signal for affecting operation of a secondary function upon receipt of a predetermined sequence of signals.
- a remote control vehicle door locking system has a transmitter with means for transmitting two-part signals of binary bits each containing a security code and a different function code.
- a receiver is mounted in a vehicle and is operative to generate control signals for effecting primary door locking and unlocking functions and for enabling and disabling operation of at least one secondary function.
- the receiver comprises a memory for storing a security code of binary bits, and a comparator for comparing the security code of a received signal with said stored security code to generate a control signal for effecting the indicated primary function upon detecting a security code match.
- Field programming means are provided on the receiver to initiate field programming time periods, during which a secondary control signal is generated to disable operation of a secondary vehicle function upon receipt of a predetermined sequence of signals from the transmitter.
- the secondary function may be enabled during a subsequent field programming period upon receipt of a signal.
- the receiver may also include means for maintaining the disabled operational status of a secondary function upon restoration of power to the receiver following a power failure.
- the receiver includes means for maintaining the disabled operational status of a secondary function upon restoration of power to the receiver following a power failure.
- DRAWING DESCRIPTION Fig. 1 is a perspective sketch of a vehicle and operator utilizing a remote control system utilizing a receiver according to this invention
- Fig.2 is a plan view of a transmitter which is manipulated to effect functioning of a receiver in accordance with this invention.
- Fig. 3 is a side view of the transmitter.
- a vehicle operator 10 is shown approaching an automobile 20 which has been previously locked.
- the operator is manipulating a hand-held transmitter 30 to communicate with a vehicle-mounted receiver 40 to unlock the vehicle doors (one of which 22 is shown) and/or trunk lid (not shown) , as will be later described.
- the transmitter and receiver preferably utilize radio frequency signals having a nominal frequency of 310 MHz, as described in the aforementioned Lambropoulos patent.
- transmitter includes a door "unlock” button 32, a door “lock” button 34, and a “trunk” unlock button 36 mounted in a plastic case 38.
- the transmitter 30 preferably contains circuitry as described in the Lambropoulos patent for transmitting two-part signals containing a security code portion and a function code portion corresponding to the function desired to be accomplished.
- the signal preferably contains a so-called "wake-up" portion, but in any event, contains the security and function code portions.
- Receiver 40 includes a signal detector, a comparator and a memory (denoted as 60, 80 and 100, respectively, in the Lambropoulos patent) .
- actuation of button 32 will cause the receiver 40 to effect unlocking of the doors 22 of the vehicle 20.
- actuation of button 34 will effect locking of the doors, and actuation of button 36 will effect unlocking of the vehicle trunk.
- the operation of the receiver 40 to accomplish the above functions is fully disclosed in the Lambropoulos patent.
- This invention utilizes the transmitter buttons 32 - 36 to accomplish not only the primary vehicle functions described above, but also one or more secondary functions, as will now be described.
- Vehicle 20 is schematically illustrated as being provided with a number of electrically-controlled "secondary" functions, as follows:
- Automatic door locking normally occurs a set period of time, such as 30 seconds, after the ignition key is removed.
- a horn chirp (52) may be provided upon vehicle locking to indicate this status.
- the horn may also be activated if vehicle security, as detected by security system 60, is breached.
- the security system may also include provision to inhibit ignition operation (54) . Repositioning of the driver's seat (56) upon unlocking of the vehicle and automatic actuation of entry illumination (58) may also occur upon vehicle unlocking.
- automatic door locking may be a hindrance in a parking lot; it may be desirable to deactivate operation of the entire security system or portions thereof when the vehicle is being repaired. It would be desirable for a driver other than the one for whom the seat is pre-set to deactivate operation of the automatic seat repositioning function.
- An operator may wish to disable operation of the automatic entry illumination to enable operation at night without drawing attention to this operation.
- the horn chirp may be a nuisance for an operator who does not wish to wake up his neighbors.
- a receiver grounding switch 86 is closed to initiate a field programming period, during which additional or different security codes can be programmed into the receiver from different transmitters.
- buttons 32, 34 or 36 are actuated to store the security code of transmitter 30 in all receiver registers, as fully explained in the Lambropoulos patent; the door locks will cycle as a feedback.
- Another transmitter may then be similarly operated to store its security code in receiver 40.
- Either transmitter is operated to actuate the buttons in a predetermined sequence, such as 32- 34-36, 32-34-36, 32-34-36, whereupon the receiver will generate a signal to disable the automatic door lock function.
- buttons in sequence such as 32-34, 32-34, 32-34.
- any number of methods can be used.
- the procedure used is to simply repeat steps 1-3 above and operation of all disabled functions will be enabled.
- other procedures could be utilized and are contemplated within the scope of this invention.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
- Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019930700378A KR930701675A (ko) | 1990-08-08 | 1991-08-07 | 차량 기능의 원격 제어 시스템 |
JP3515622A JPH0777847B2 (ja) | 1990-08-08 | 1991-08-07 | 乗物の機能の遠隔プログラム |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US56441390A | 1990-08-08 | 1990-08-08 | |
US564,413 | 1990-08-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1992002702A1 true WO1992002702A1 (fr) | 1992-02-20 |
Family
ID=24254375
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1991/005612 WO1992002702A1 (fr) | 1990-08-08 | 1991-08-07 | Programmation a distance des fonctions d'un vehicule |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0542906A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH0777847B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR930701675A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU8532291A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1992002702A1 (fr) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0570103A2 (fr) * | 1992-04-10 | 1993-11-18 | Trw Inc. | Système de sécurité commandé à distance |
US5612669A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1997-03-18 | Kenneth E. Flick | Vehicle security system having enhanced false alarm compensation |
US5654688A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1997-08-05 | Omega Research And Development, Inc. | Vehicle security system having enhanced remote transmitter security |
US5663704A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1997-09-02 | Kenneth E. Flick | Vehicle security system having enhanced door locking features |
US5729191A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1998-03-17 | Kenneth E. Flick | Vehicle security system having enhanced control features |
EP0871151A2 (fr) * | 1997-04-08 | 1998-10-14 | Foxguard Group Limited | Système de sécurité individuel |
DE19729867A1 (de) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-01-14 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Fahrzeug mit einem tragbaren Fernbedienungs-Sender und einem Schlüssel sowie Verfahren zum Gebrauch dieses Fahrzeugs |
FR2768762A1 (fr) * | 1997-09-24 | 1999-03-26 | Pierre Lafond | Systeme de verrouillage/deverrouillage de meubles a distance |
EP0886024A3 (fr) * | 1997-06-18 | 1999-11-24 | Marquardt GmbH | Clé électronique |
US6140938A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 2000-10-31 | Flick; Kenneth E. | Remote control system suitable for a vehicle and having remote transmitter verification |
US6480095B1 (en) | 1995-04-14 | 2002-11-12 | Omega Patents, L.L.C. | Vehicle control system including multi-digit control switch and associated methods |
KR100562486B1 (ko) * | 1999-04-01 | 2006-03-21 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 보안코드를 구비한 리모트 콘트롤러의 보안코드 설정 방법 |
US7737820B2 (en) | 1995-04-14 | 2010-06-15 | Omega Patents, L.L.C. | Remote control system for an access door having remote transmitter verification |
EP2955068A1 (fr) * | 2014-06-10 | 2015-12-16 | CLAAS Tractor S.A.S. | Véhicule doté d'un dispositif de contrôle d'identité |
CN106240521A (zh) * | 2015-06-05 | 2016-12-21 | 福特全球技术公司 | 用于远程车辆键盘启用和禁用的方法及设备 |
EP3078000B1 (fr) * | 2013-12-03 | 2021-04-21 | Huf North America Automotive Parts Mfg. Corp. | Protocoles pour systèmes d'accès à distance pour véhicules |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU650410B3 (en) * | 1992-10-05 | 1994-06-16 | Pyk Pty. Ltd. | A lock system |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2494534A1 (fr) * | 1980-11-19 | 1982-05-21 | Rau Swf Autozubehoer | Circuit de commande pour elements electriques de vehicules automobiles |
EP0139059A1 (fr) * | 1983-10-26 | 1985-05-02 | John Robert Carter | Transmissions de données et systèmes de fermeture |
US4881148A (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1989-11-14 | Wickes Manufacturing Company | Remote control system for door locks |
WO1990008242A1 (fr) * | 1989-01-10 | 1990-07-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Systeme de securite pour vehicules automobiles |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2815367B2 (ja) * | 1988-06-29 | 1998-10-27 | 富士通テン株式会社 | 自動車のドアの窓の開閉制御装置 |
JPH02162997A (ja) * | 1988-12-16 | 1990-06-22 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 自動車用遠隔操作装置 |
-
1991
- 1991-08-07 KR KR1019930700378A patent/KR930701675A/ko not_active Ceased
- 1991-08-07 AU AU85322/91A patent/AU8532291A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-08-07 EP EP91916257A patent/EP0542906A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-08-07 JP JP3515622A patent/JPH0777847B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-07 WO PCT/US1991/005612 patent/WO1992002702A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2494534A1 (fr) * | 1980-11-19 | 1982-05-21 | Rau Swf Autozubehoer | Circuit de commande pour elements electriques de vehicules automobiles |
EP0139059A1 (fr) * | 1983-10-26 | 1985-05-02 | John Robert Carter | Transmissions de données et systèmes de fermeture |
US4881148A (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1989-11-14 | Wickes Manufacturing Company | Remote control system for door locks |
WO1990008242A1 (fr) * | 1989-01-10 | 1990-07-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Systeme de securite pour vehicules automobiles |
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0570103A2 (fr) * | 1992-04-10 | 1993-11-18 | Trw Inc. | Système de sécurité commandé à distance |
EP0570103A3 (fr) * | 1992-04-10 | 1994-08-03 | Trw Inc | |
US6480095B1 (en) | 1995-04-14 | 2002-11-12 | Omega Patents, L.L.C. | Vehicle control system including multi-digit control switch and associated methods |
US6140938A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 2000-10-31 | Flick; Kenneth E. | Remote control system suitable for a vehicle and having remote transmitter verification |
US5663704A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1997-09-02 | Kenneth E. Flick | Vehicle security system having enhanced door locking features |
US5729191A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1998-03-17 | Kenneth E. Flick | Vehicle security system having enhanced control features |
US5818329A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1998-10-06 | Kenneth E. Flick | Vehicle security system having enhanced remote transmitter security |
US7737820B2 (en) | 1995-04-14 | 2010-06-15 | Omega Patents, L.L.C. | Remote control system for an access door having remote transmitter verification |
US6130606A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 2000-10-10 | Flick; Kenneth E. | Vehicle security system having transmitter verification and pseudorandom coding features and related methods |
US6366198B1 (en) | 1995-04-14 | 2002-04-02 | Kenneth E. Flick | Vehicle security system having transmitter learning and feature programming based on a single-digit user code and related methods |
US6320514B1 (en) | 1995-04-14 | 2001-11-20 | Kenneth E. Flick | Remote control system suitable for a vehicle and having remote transmitter verification |
US5982277A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1999-11-09 | Flick; Kenneth E. | Vehicle security system having enhanced convenience features |
US5654688A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1997-08-05 | Omega Research And Development, Inc. | Vehicle security system having enhanced remote transmitter security |
US6184780B1 (en) | 1995-04-14 | 2001-02-06 | Kenneth E. Flick | Vehicle security system having enhanced valet feature and related methods |
US5612669A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1997-03-18 | Kenneth E. Flick | Vehicle security system having enhanced false alarm compensation |
EP0871151A3 (fr) * | 1997-04-08 | 1999-06-02 | Foxguard Group Limited | Système de sécurité individuel |
EP0871151A2 (fr) * | 1997-04-08 | 1998-10-14 | Foxguard Group Limited | Système de sécurité individuel |
EP0886024A3 (fr) * | 1997-06-18 | 1999-11-24 | Marquardt GmbH | Clé électronique |
DE19729867A1 (de) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-01-14 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Fahrzeug mit einem tragbaren Fernbedienungs-Sender und einem Schlüssel sowie Verfahren zum Gebrauch dieses Fahrzeugs |
DE19729867B4 (de) * | 1997-07-11 | 2006-04-27 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Fahrzeug mit einem tragbaren Fernbedienungs-Sender und einem Schlüssel sowie Verfahren zum Gebrauch dieses Fahrzeugs |
FR2768762A1 (fr) * | 1997-09-24 | 1999-03-26 | Pierre Lafond | Systeme de verrouillage/deverrouillage de meubles a distance |
KR100562486B1 (ko) * | 1999-04-01 | 2006-03-21 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 보안코드를 구비한 리모트 콘트롤러의 보안코드 설정 방법 |
EP3078000B1 (fr) * | 2013-12-03 | 2021-04-21 | Huf North America Automotive Parts Mfg. Corp. | Protocoles pour systèmes d'accès à distance pour véhicules |
EP2955068A1 (fr) * | 2014-06-10 | 2015-12-16 | CLAAS Tractor S.A.S. | Véhicule doté d'un dispositif de contrôle d'identité |
CN106240521A (zh) * | 2015-06-05 | 2016-12-21 | 福特全球技术公司 | 用于远程车辆键盘启用和禁用的方法及设备 |
CN106240521B (zh) * | 2015-06-05 | 2020-08-21 | 福特全球技术公司 | 用于远程车辆键盘启用和禁用的方法及设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU8532291A (en) | 1992-03-02 |
JPH0777847B2 (ja) | 1995-08-23 |
JPH06501435A (ja) | 1994-02-17 |
EP0542906A1 (fr) | 1993-05-26 |
KR930701675A (ko) | 1993-06-12 |
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