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WO1992000942A1 - Compost/engrais organique naturel et renouvelable - Google Patents

Compost/engrais organique naturel et renouvelable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992000942A1
WO1992000942A1 PCT/GB1991/001109 GB9101109W WO9200942A1 WO 1992000942 A1 WO1992000942 A1 WO 1992000942A1 GB 9101109 W GB9101109 W GB 9101109W WO 9200942 A1 WO9200942 A1 WO 9200942A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
products
residues
compost
grains
composting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1991/001109
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Clancy
Original Assignee
Whalley, Kevin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Whalley, Kevin filed Critical Whalley, Kevin
Publication of WO1992000942A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992000942A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of an organic compost/fertilizer and an organic compost/fertilizer.
  • compost means general composts, plant growth media, soil conditioners, fertilizers and organic fertilizers.
  • Composts are obtained from the controlled degradation of organic matter such as plants or vegetables. These composts are used as fertilizers due to their recognised soil conditioning and enriching properties.
  • Composting consists of mixing carbonaceous wastes, such as leaves, straw, paper, husks etc. with nitrogenous wastes, such as food waste, grass clippings, animal manures etc. and permitting icrobial breakdown in aerobic conditions.
  • carbon/nitrogen ratio A C/N ratio of 30/1 is considered optimum; above this, a longer composting time is required, and, below this, nitrogen is lost in the form of ammonia gas.
  • Normal composting losses are in the form of carbon dioxide and water with losses of up to 70% of the total composting mass. This carbon loss reduces the C/N ratio so that mature composts have C/N ratios of between 10/1 and 15/1 which is close to optimum for the soil.
  • Composting also has a sterilisation effect on the raw materials which is a function of time and temperature.
  • composts are frequently prepared without regard to the condition of the raw materials and the presence of artificial additives therein e.g. pesticides, the presence of undesirable or deleterious organisms such as coliforms and the presence of mineral imbalances. Temperatures are not sufficient to inactivate many of the modern day drugs and pesticides that may accompany the raw materials.
  • many modern day composts can carry animal and human pathogens (e.g. Salmonella) depending on raw material sources and the composting conditions.
  • the resulting compost cannot be guaranteed safe, natural and 'organic' i.e. produced without artificial fertilizers or pesticides.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a compost in which the available nitrate and ammonia levels are so low that the compost can be used as a plant substrate without further dilution.
  • an organic compost comprised of the uncontaminated residues or by-products of an established safe food, health or other production process. It is necessary that the raw material has passed the same quality assurance procedures as the ingredients that go to make the food, health or other product, or the products themselves.
  • the invention provides for the addition of further raw materials (additives).
  • additives are required to be natural, and safe to plants and animals.
  • These natural additives may help facilitate the degradation of the raw materials (composting) by a natural or specially selected inoculum of a culture of microorganisms.
  • they may enhance the soil conditioning characteristics of the compost.
  • the invention provides a range of composted soil and plant care products which are natural, safe and organic and uncontaminated having passed the same quality control procedures as the food/drink or health process from which the ingredients are derived and have a plant nutrient (specif cally nitrogen) availability status which is a function of the composting and pre-composting processes (specifically heat treatment) of their preparation.
  • a process for preparing a compost comprising selecting the uncontaminated residues or by-products of the food or health care or other products industries, mixing the by-products, forming the mixture into a heap and permitting aerobic fermentation of the compost to occur.
  • the by-products having been subjected to a heat treatment step in which the by-products are heated to at least 60 C for at least 30 seconds, the heat treatment either being integral to or separate from the food or health care or other product production process.
  • the heat treatment either being integral to or separate from the food or health care or other product production process.
  • all of the components of the compost should be heat treated.
  • none of the ingredients should be heat treated.
  • Composts with varying degrees of available nitrogen can be produced by varying the amount of heat treated components selected for composting. The nutrients in the compost are variously available in so far as they are bound in the inter- and i ⁇ tra-molecular structure of the heat treated residue.
  • the by-products have been heated to at least 150°C.
  • the heat treatment should be to a temperature sufficient to cause the proteinaceous materials to be linked to the residues (usually the fibrous portion) such that this linkage retains the nitrogen in a non-soluble form throughout the subsequent composting and provides a slowly available nitrogen source when used as part of a so l amendment or growing medium.
  • the composting process is controlled and monitored by maintaining the internal temperature of the heap in the range 45°C to 60°C r and periodically re-mixing the ingredients.
  • the actual temperatures reached and the number of mixings of the ingredients required are a function of the composition of the microbial culture inoculum, and the nature and amount of the raw materials.
  • the development of a dark colour at the centre of the compost heap may be used as a guide to the adequacy of aeration and temperature development throughout the heap. Effluent from the heap is recycled onto the heap to retain nutrient and moisture contents of the compost/fertilizer.
  • Another aspect of the invention is the incorporation of an organic structural component such as organically grown cereal straw into the compost, preferably in the chopped or shredded condition, at the appropriate stage through the composting process so as to improve the structure and porosity of the final product on the one hand while optimising the carbon/nitrogen ratio on the other. This does not interfere with the mixing of the compost with any structural component after the composting if this is thought desirable.
  • an organic structural component such as organically grown cereal straw
  • Clean uncontaminated bark is another example of a material that may be incorporated into "the compost to serve a similar function as the shredded straw.
  • the process of this invention makes possible the composting of organic materials with a carbon : nitrogen ratio approaching 10:1 - the ideal for plant growing media - without significant loss of ammonia and other nitrogenous materials for the composting mass. It has not previously been possible to effect this control by simple, practical and natural treatments. Most authorities on composting claim a requirement for carbon/nitrogen ratios of 25:1 as a minimimum if substantial ammonia (and thus nitrogen) losses are to be avoided.
  • Composting can also be achieved by forced aeration of the heap or by using a reaction vessel which allows agitation of the composting mass.
  • - o Natural additives such as limestone and gypsum are not essential to the process, however, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention they may be used to optimize composting conditions.
  • a wide range of raw materials may be used from the food processing industry, although this source should not be considered to be an exclusive one.
  • These include by-products, residues and extracts such as: brewers grains, brewers dark grains and pale grains, roast house and malt house dusts, traub and yeast residues, dried brewers grains, hops residue, distillers grain cake, draff, pot ale, pot ale syrup, grains syrup, distillers dried grains, distillers dried grains with solubles; sugar refining by-products of both beet and sugar cane origin; seed and cereal coats and polishings including wheat, oats, barley, rice, maize and sorghums, cereal extraction residues; residues from "coffee extenders" or cereal drink manufacturing; starch and sugar extraction residues; other alcohol fermentation residues such as corn distillers residues; other fermentation industry residues such as citric acid production residues; residues of microbial amino-acid production; secondary food processing and refining wastes; or by-
  • Raw materials from the health products industries may include the by-products of herbal medicine, herbal extracts, microbial cultures, probiotic manufacture and natural pharmaceutical manufacture by-products.
  • Peat products and vermiculites are examples of materials which may be added to the compost mix to aid the soil conditioning characteristics of the compost produced e.g. porosity and aeration.
  • the raw materials are blended before composting depending on the composted product required.
  • a non-heat treated high nitrogen material e.g. Pale Brewery Grains
  • a high carbon material e.g., Cereal Straw
  • a heat treated high nitrogen material e.g., Black Brewers Grains
  • the high carbon material e.g., Cereal Straw
  • the moisture content is brought within the range of about 50% to 72% (w/w dry matter) by blending wet and dry materials and adding water where required. Comminution of longer particles to 5mm to 75mm range will help optimise the subsequent composting.
  • the composting can be carried out using natural or forced aeration.
  • the process is controlled by optimising the internal temperature in the range 45°C to 55°C. This is effected by controlling the supply of air through mixing or forced aeration.
  • a high temperature peak of 60°C of 12 hours will effect a kill of potential pathogens. Maintaining active fermentation for 2 - 3 weeks or until the temperature begins to drop off naturally will ensure adequate composting before a minimum six weeks maturation period when the compost is stored to maturity in a pile which optimises the surface area/volume ratio. Measurement of pH throughout the composting will give an indication of the ammonia being released from the composting mass. A peak of pH 7.0 will confirm minimal release of ammonia from the compost.
  • the mixture is mixed into a cone on a smooth floor and after 5 days or when the surface temperature reaches 60°C, is further mixed. Mixing is continued on alternate days (or as frequently as is required to keep the peak temperature below 65°C) until the average heap temperature is in the range 45°C to 55° for four days.
  • Example 1 Growing Tests: Pot tests with grass grown in soil supplement with composted fermentation grains as an organic fertiliser.
  • Soil was mixed with the composts at ratios of 15:1, 7:1 and 3:1 v/v to approximate field treatments of 40 tonnes, 80 tonnes and 160 tonnes per hectare. These were filled into 18cm pots.
  • Example 2 COMPOSTING OF BLACK AND PALE GRAINS WITH RAPE STRAW
  • This example illustrates the differences in the composting process, the analytical parameters and the yields of composts made from Black Brewers Grains (heat treated) and Pale Brewers Grains (no heat treatment).
  • An extract of the black and the pale grain mix was prepared as follows. A 250 ml beaker was filled with the material. Water was added until the surface of the material was glistening. The mix was left for one hour and then the solution was extracted by straining the material in muslin. A filter paper was placed in a 9 cm diameter petri dish. Three ml of the extract or a dilution thereof was pipetted onto the paper. Ten seed of cabbage or cress were placed on the moist filter paper. The dish was covered and placed in an incubator at 25°C. The germination was recorded after two days. Each treatment was replicated three times.
  • Black Brewers Grains (heat treated), Pale Brewers Grains, Rape Straw (2 different farm sources), Wheat straw, Bark Chippings (matured), and Dolomite limestone flour were the ingredients used in a series of four test batches of composts manufactured according to the specifications of this invention.
  • the Brewers by-products were delivered directly from the Brewery, still hot, and essentially ster le.
  • the straws were chopped using a Kidd 7-16 Bale Chopper with a short chop kit.
  • the Spruce bark been screened and stacked outside for 3 months before delivery.
  • the Brewers Grains, Straw and Bark (for C3) were mixed on a concrete pad using a mechanical shovel before stacking in windrows 2.5 metres wide and 1.5 metres high. During composting, the windrows were mixed on average every three days for 3 weeks.
  • the Dolomite was added to Batches Cl and C2 to increase pH one unit after rainfall and caused an acidic fermentation — this prolonged the active composting period in these cases.
  • Example 4 illustrates that composts produced by the processes of this invention can have predefined available nitrogen levels (some levels can be 50 times those of others) and are completely free of pesticide contaminants.
  • MIX 600 in this example illustrates that composts manufactured from non-heat treated materials (MIX 600 in this example) by the processes of this invention are effective fertiliser sources in growing media without the addition of any other nutrients.
  • the seedlings were pricked out on August 3 and were harvested on August 29. Plant growth was very uniform in all treatments during the early part of the growth period. The fresh weights of the plants at harvest are shown in Table 6.
  • the nutrient levels in the composts of the invention without supplementary nitrogen are shown in Table 7. Also included are figures for the control inorganic compost and a substrate based on peat and spent mushroom compost (SMC) with an SMC content of 10% by volume.
  • SMC peat and spent mushroom compost
  • the " good plant performance in the composts of the invention is probably explained by the adequate levels of nitrate nitrogen.
  • a comparison between the spent grain compost and that based on SMC shows that the grain compost has much lower levels of K, higher nitrates and lower EC values.
  • the low level of available nitrogen in the SMC compost means that this will be a factor limiting plant growth.
  • EC electrical conductivity
  • the EC is an indicator of the soluble salt level in a compost.
  • High EC levels subject plants to water stress, delay and reduce seed gemination, retard seedling establishment and growth and can damage and even kill sensitive plants.
  • waste ions e.g. Na which contribute to EC but are not needed in plant nutrition, are kept to a minimum and a specific balance of nutrients is precisely added.
  • the PG compost has a relatively low EC but a good level of nutrients (Note that the nitrate level in the PG mix will double over time as over 50% of the nitrogen has been added in the ammonium form).
  • a substrate based on composted plant and animal waste has to accept the constraint imposed by the composition of the source material. This often results in substrates with low available nitrogen, high K and EC.
  • the spent grain has however lost much of its soluble salts in the mashing process and has a relatively high nitrogen content. It therefore seems more suitable than other materials as a nutrient source in plant substrate. It is however very low in potassium and the addition of straw to rectify this may be advisable. The straw may also help to reduce the loss of nitrogen as ammonia during composting.
  • This example includes a number of illustrations of germination of seeds, and seedling development tests which confirm that a compost's performance is a function of the processes of this invention.
  • a seed tray was divided in centre and one half filled with a commercial seed and potting compost, the other with Cl D137 (Cl compost at 137 days of maturity, see Example 4 for is manufacturing details).
  • 160 Marigold seeds var. Petite Mixed - Suttons were distributed evenly on each half, sprinkled with more media, watered from bottom, covered and germinated.
  • Seed trays were filled (as in Test 1) with either C2D144, C3D130, C4D100 composts manufactured by processes of this invention (See Example 4 for details), or, control commercial compost as in Test 1. These were sown with cress seeds.
  • the experiment compared composted black spent brewers grain and straw (DANU) with peat as a substrate for the growth of tomato seedlings in 11 cm containers.
  • DNU black spent brewers grain and straw
  • peat as a substrate for the growth of tomato seedlings in 11 cm containers.
  • a number of composted pale spent brewers grain were tested as three rates, 10, 15 and 20% by volume.
  • An inorganic fertiliser was used as a control and a commercial peat compost was included as well.
  • Tomato seedlings were pricked out into these various mixes and they were grown on a glasshouse bench until the buds of the first flower truss were well visible. At this stage the plants were harvested and the fresh weight recorded.
  • the mean plant weights are shown below.
  • For the pale grain fertilisers a mean of the three rates is shown.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de préparation de compost consiste à sélectionner des résidus ou produits secondaires non contaminés provenant des industries alimentaires ou des produits médicaux, à mélanger les produits secondaires sélectionnés, à amonceler le mélange et à permettre la fermentation aérobie dudit mélange. On a également mis au point des composts ou engrais organiques.
PCT/GB1991/001109 1990-07-06 1991-07-08 Compost/engrais organique naturel et renouvelable WO1992000942A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IE246690A IE62649B1 (en) 1990-07-06 1990-07-06 A natural and renewable organic compost/fertilizer
IE2466/90 1990-07-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992000942A1 true WO1992000942A1 (fr) 1992-01-23

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PCT/GB1991/001109 WO1992000942A1 (fr) 1990-07-06 1991-07-08 Compost/engrais organique naturel et renouvelable

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EP (1) EP0538326A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU8206491A (fr)
IE (1) IE62649B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992000942A1 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5761204A (en) * 1993-11-15 1998-06-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus of providing time sensitive messages over a variable delay channel
GB2322623A (en) * 1997-02-28 1998-09-02 Highland Malt Distilling Limit Purifying protein-containing liquid
EP0908432A3 (fr) * 1997-09-16 2000-01-19 S.I.T. Società Igiene Territorio s.r.l. Procédé de production d'engrais organique à partir des déchets urbains solides, de la fraction organique de ces derniers ou de residus "verts".
US6488733B2 (en) * 2001-01-02 2002-12-03 Council For Scientific And Industrial Research Method for the faster multiplication of earthworms, and production of vermicompost from the distillation waste of industrial aromatic crops
WO2005009924A1 (fr) * 2003-07-24 2005-02-03 Samuel Gerardo Silva Arias Procede de production d'engrais organiques, et produit ainsi obtenu
ES2298011A1 (es) * 2005-12-09 2008-05-01 Febiona S.L. Proceso de fabricacion de fertilizantes naturales por fermentacion de diversos y variados tipos de cereales.
CN104072317A (zh) * 2014-06-13 2014-10-01 阜阳市益盛兔业有限公司 一种小麦底肥专用发酵复合包膜肥料及其制备方法
ES2528091A1 (es) * 2014-11-11 2015-02-03 Emma PADILLA ALCARAZ Procedimiento de obtención de un producto fitofortificante y producto obtenido
CN113929519A (zh) * 2021-10-13 2022-01-14 枣阳市香木瓜技术开发服务中心 一种香木瓜用堆肥
US11388914B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2022-07-19 Mars, Incorporated Process of preparing a wet pet food, wet pet food produced by the process and uses thereof
CN118754766A (zh) * 2024-03-15 2024-10-11 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所(四川省农业科学院德阳分院) 一种利用酒糟制备的控释包膜复合肥
WO2025003688A1 (fr) * 2023-06-30 2025-01-02 Iddon Daniel Améliorations apportées à des milieux de culture ou se rapportant à ceux-ci

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3439720A1 (de) * 1984-10-30 1986-05-22 Schnack, Josef, 8000 München Verfahren zum herstellen von humus durch kompostieren
EP0236156A2 (fr) * 1986-01-17 1987-09-09 Societe De Production Et Commercialisation Des Engrais Et Phytos Nouveau procédé de compostage, inoculum microbien comportant comme support, de la pulpe de raisin sechée et broyée et application, notamment, à l'enrichissement des sols
EP0369223A1 (fr) * 1988-10-27 1990-05-23 Biochemie Gesellschaft M.B.H. Engrais contenant de la biomasse bactérienne

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3439720A1 (de) * 1984-10-30 1986-05-22 Schnack, Josef, 8000 München Verfahren zum herstellen von humus durch kompostieren
EP0236156A2 (fr) * 1986-01-17 1987-09-09 Societe De Production Et Commercialisation Des Engrais Et Phytos Nouveau procédé de compostage, inoculum microbien comportant comme support, de la pulpe de raisin sechée et broyée et application, notamment, à l'enrichissement des sols
EP0369223A1 (fr) * 1988-10-27 1990-05-23 Biochemie Gesellschaft M.B.H. Engrais contenant de la biomasse bactérienne

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5761204A (en) * 1993-11-15 1998-06-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus of providing time sensitive messages over a variable delay channel
GB2322623A (en) * 1997-02-28 1998-09-02 Highland Malt Distilling Limit Purifying protein-containing liquid
GB2322623B (en) * 1997-02-28 2001-09-05 Highland Malt Distilling Ltd Treatment of liquid
EP0908432A3 (fr) * 1997-09-16 2000-01-19 S.I.T. Società Igiene Territorio s.r.l. Procédé de production d'engrais organique à partir des déchets urbains solides, de la fraction organique de ces derniers ou de residus "verts".
US6488733B2 (en) * 2001-01-02 2002-12-03 Council For Scientific And Industrial Research Method for the faster multiplication of earthworms, and production of vermicompost from the distillation waste of industrial aromatic crops
WO2005009924A1 (fr) * 2003-07-24 2005-02-03 Samuel Gerardo Silva Arias Procede de production d'engrais organiques, et produit ainsi obtenu
ES2298011A1 (es) * 2005-12-09 2008-05-01 Febiona S.L. Proceso de fabricacion de fertilizantes naturales por fermentacion de diversos y variados tipos de cereales.
ES2298011B1 (es) * 2005-12-09 2009-07-06 Febiona S.L. Proceso de fabricacion de fertilizantes naturales por fermentacion de diversos y variados tipos de cereales.
CN104072317A (zh) * 2014-06-13 2014-10-01 阜阳市益盛兔业有限公司 一种小麦底肥专用发酵复合包膜肥料及其制备方法
CN104072317B (zh) * 2014-06-13 2016-05-11 阜阳市益盛兔业有限公司 一种小麦底肥专用发酵复合包膜肥料及其制备方法
ES2528091A1 (es) * 2014-11-11 2015-02-03 Emma PADILLA ALCARAZ Procedimiento de obtención de un producto fitofortificante y producto obtenido
US11388914B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2022-07-19 Mars, Incorporated Process of preparing a wet pet food, wet pet food produced by the process and uses thereof
CN113929519A (zh) * 2021-10-13 2022-01-14 枣阳市香木瓜技术开发服务中心 一种香木瓜用堆肥
WO2025003688A1 (fr) * 2023-06-30 2025-01-02 Iddon Daniel Améliorations apportées à des milieux de culture ou se rapportant à ceux-ci
CN118754766A (zh) * 2024-03-15 2024-10-11 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所(四川省农业科学院德阳分院) 一种利用酒糟制备的控释包膜复合肥

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EP0538326A1 (fr) 1993-04-28
AU8206491A (en) 1992-02-04
IE62649B1 (en) 1995-02-22

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