WO1991011567A1

WO1991011567A1 - A sub-roof element

Info

Publication number: WO1991011567A1
Application number: PCT/NO1991/000009
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ole Emil Iversen
Original assignee: Ole Emil Iversen
Priority date: 1990-01-25
Filing date: 1991-01-25
Publication date: 1991-08-08
Also published as: NO900349D0; NO900349L; AU7188591A

Abstract

A sub-roof sheathing (4) is combined with two web members (5 and 6) manufactured from paper/cardboard. The entire unit may be folded into a compact, elongated package which may, if desired, be folded transversally. One web member (6) has a height of fold ridges which is lower than the height of the fold ridges of the other web member (5), and the same goes for the sub-roof sheating (4). When said package is stretched out of its folded position the sub-roof sheathing and said one web member (6) will be stretched to be substantially flat, whereas the other web member (5) will still be provided with stiffening folds. By the aid of one element a sub-roof with underlying air slots and a windscreen above the roof insulation will, thus, be formed.

Description

A sub-roof element

The invention relates to a sub-roof element, comprising a pliable web-shaped material which may form a sub-roof.

The. invention was especially developed in connection with the demand for an air slot system and a wind screen on top of the insulation in parallel roof structures (insulated pitched roofs without any cold loft). Such wind screens are used on top of the insulation in order to ensure efficient air passage from cornices to the roof ridge. Present concepts, inter alia, comprise utilization of sheets of cardboard which are placed between the rafters and are tacked to the latter. Insulation is placed from the underside, up towards the wind screen. This may cause strain on the wind screen, to bend or press it up towards the sub-roof and air may, thus, be prevented from passing through efficiently. The wind screens are arranged with transversal laps which must be taped. Poor lap Joints may result in strong air draughts through the insulation, with associated poor thermal economy. For spacing upwards against the sub-roof it is known to use spacing clips which are mounted in the joints between wind screens, but such clips provide poor protection against the plate buckling or being pressed upwards between spacer clips which are placed at relatively large intervals. Also, a concept is known for a wind tight, water-proof plate which is open to diffusion and made of a foldable, preferably sheet lined massive cardboard, said plate being divided by the aid of folding indications into a number of parallel panels so that it may be folded with the flat sides of the panels in mutual contact into an elongated, relatively rigid member. Utilizat¬ ion of such plates will especially be advantageous as regards transport and mounting, but the same disadvantages as mentioned above will prevail, i.e. the plates will show poor resistance against buckling and pressure in an upward direction when insulation is laid between rafters, and wind suction on the upper side may lso cause buckling and the like with associated undesirable effects.

On the rafters, above insulation and wind screen, a sub-roof is commonly provided, often in the shape of a pliable web- shaped material. It is an object of the invention to simplify roofing to permit a wind screen, an air channelling system, and a sub-roof to be provided in one step. In this connection it is a special object of the invention to provide an element which, when laid to form a sub-roof, will at the same time form an air channel and a wind screen. Another object in this connection is to provide an element which may readily be transported and may be mounted in a simple and practical manner, and which especially is distinguished by the fact that in a mounted state to form an air channel and a wind screen it will have a rigid . shape which is capable of resistance, so that the hazard of buckling or being pressed upwards with resulting narrowing or destruction of the desired efficient passage of air is eliminated.

According to the invention a sub-roof element is thus proposed, which comprises a pliable web material and may form a sub-roof, the element according to the invention being characterized by the fact that it, furthermore, comprises a member provided from a foldable web material on the underside of the sub-roof, which forms air channels with closed cross sections.

In a preferred embodiment said member is by the aid of folding indications divided into a number of parallel panels, so that it may be folded into an elongated unit with the flat panel sides in mutual contact, said member comprising two web members which are joined together along two opposed lateral edges in parallel with the folds, both web members having said folding indications for forming folds during folding operations, and with the height of fold ridges of one web member being lower than the height of those of the other web member. When the member is stretched out of its folded position, said one web member will, thus, be tensioned into a substantially flat position, whereas the other web member Will still show folds.

In a state for transport the web member and the pliable web material will be folded and will, thus, require little space. During mounting operations the web member is placed between rafters or corresponding elements and is stretched out into its full width and is fastened in place the pliable web material being tacked onto the rafters to form a sub-roof. Said one web member will face the insulation, whereas the other, which still shows folds or stiffening ridges, will face the sub-roof placed on top. The folds will provide very good stiffening and prevent the wind screen from buckling outwards or being displaced when insulation is placed towards the wind screen. Wind forces in the air channels will have no destructive influence on the wind screen exactly because- it forms a rigid structure. Consequently, a desired and fully efficient flow of the passing air is achieved. When used in a roof the folds will, additionally, provide an effect of a corrugated iron roof, since channels are formed which will provide good drainage for any water that might leak in.

By using the .new sub-roof element simultaneous establishment of a wind screen, an air channelling system, and a sub-roof is achieved with associated substantial labour and cost savings.

The folds of said two web members and the pliable web material may advantageously be directed so as to insert into each other during folding. This will especially result in a more compact embodiment for storage and transport. In order to prevent the triangular structure from slipping and not providing resistance against compression, the web members are joined at the fold bottoms - at least at every second bottom - in addition to said joining along opposite lateral edges. The pliable web material forming the sub-roof may advantag- eously also be joined with both web members in a correspond¬ ing manner.

This is considered the most practical embodiment.

In an advantageous embodiment said one web member is made from a wind tight material which is pervious to moisture, e.g. brown wrapping paper, whereas the other web member may consist of a water repellent material or be provided with a water repellent coating on its outside, e.g. cardboard with a water repellent coating. For the pliable web material which is to form the sub-roof proper, any suitable plastic material which is used for sub-roofs at present may be used.

A special advantage that may be achieved by use of the invention, with said member made from paper and cardboard or a material with similar properties, is that the sub-roof element may be provided in full length without joints, e.g. for use between rafters in a roof. This is the case because the sub-roof element in a folded state may be folded across the folds . to provide an advantageous compact shape for transport. If joining should become necessary, nevertheless, this may be achieved in an advantageous manner by making one web member longer than the other one to permit an overlap, preferably with taping the overlap. The pliable web material forming the sub-roof proper may also, advantageously, show an overlap.

The area along a rafter is an area requiring special consideration. Here, an air channel, will form along the rafter, with the underlying insulation being bared. In order to reduce said air channel substantially, the air channel an wind screen shaping body is advantageously provided to exten as much as possible at right angles to the overlying sub-roo formed by pliable web material at the fold portion extendin along the rafter. The undesirable air channel will thus b reduced to a harmless minimum. The sub-roof member may, also, advantageously be provide with adhesive strips for adhesion to the rafters.

Generally, the sub-roof elements are manufactured with width which is sufficient to cover the area between adjacent rafters. Obviously, it will be possible to provide the sub- roof element with a width which is sufficient to cover two adjacent areas as mentioned, the element thus being provided across three, if desired more, adjacent rafters. Such a concept may be implemented by manufacturing the sub-roof element in a corresponding width or, e.g. by overlapping two elements of normal width at their edges and joining them during manufacture.

The rafter area generally requires special measures in order to protect the insulation. A known concept is, e.g. to provide so called rafter cardboard. It is suggested according to the invention to let the sub-roof element have a flexible skirt at one end (the rafter end), or at both ends, both at the rafter end and the ridge end. Such a skirt may readily be placed in front of the insulation in the rafter area, so that an efficient wind screen transition between wind screen, roof, and wind screen wall is achieved. In the direction of the ridge such a skirt may, dependent on the kind of building, be -useful for preventing ventilation air from enterin into and mixing with the air which is present in the space in which the insulation is provided. The skirt may, obviously, also be useful in case of joining.

The sub-roof element may, as mentioned, be folded transvers- ally to provide a suitably compact shape for transport. In order to facilitate such transversal folding, readily foldable transversal areas may be provided, especially in the web member comprising stiffening, folds. Such a readily foldable area or pane may, e.g. consist of a flexible plastic material, whereas the web member consists of rigid cardboard. A sub-roof commonly provided by a plastic material will be slippery. In order to .safeguard personell it is, thus, suggested to provide the sub-roof element with non-slip areas across the rafters. It is thus proposed to provide non-slip strips on the upper side of the sub-roof element at locations where the element will sit on the rafters during mounting operations.

The invention is disclosed in more detail below with reference to the drawings, in which:

is a sectional view through two rafters of a roof with the new sub-roof element in place; is a cross sectional view of the sub-roof element, in a partly folded state; is a view in perspective of a sub-roof element in a partly folded state; shows a variant, designed for overlap joining; is a view in perspective of a sub-roof element with a flexible end skirt; shows a diagrammatic section of a roof struct¬ ure, as seen in the direction of the ridge; is a sectional view of three rafters of a roof, with a sub-roof element according to the invention; shows a double sub-roof element in a loosely folded state; shows a section in perspective of a sub-roof element with an inserted, readily bendable transversal pane; and

shows the sub-roof element in a slightly smaller scale and completely compressed, and bent across the folds, this element being modified as shown in Figure 9. In Figure 1 two rafters 1 and 2 are shown with a sub-roo element 3 according to the invention. The sub-roof elemen consists of a pliable web material 4 forming the sub-roo sheathing proper, and an inner web member 5, e.g. o cardboard, if desired with a water repellent coating on th upper side, as well as an external web member 6 of a win tight material which is pervious to water. Between rafters 1 and 2 an inserted insulation 7 is shown.

Web members 5 and 6, and the pliable web material 4 are connected with each other along opposite lateral edge areas 8 and 9. In said areas 8 and 9 the sub-roof element is tacked onto rafters 1 and 2 in a manner not shown in detail.

It will appear from Figure 1 that external web member 6 with fold sections 10 and 11 extends substantially at right angles to the sub-roof, so that said sections 10 and 11 in a mounted state of the sub-roof element 3, as shown in Figure 1, will extend approximately in parallel with the adjacent side of the rafter. Air channels 12 and 13 being present there will, thus, be reduced to a minimum. This is of importance, because otherwise there would be air channels between the insulation, the wind screen, and the rafter (7, 5, and 6, 1 and 2)..

In said marginal areas adhesive areas or adhesive tape 14, 15 may, If desired, be provided, although they are not necess¬ ary. They are consequently omitted in the perspective section of Figure 3.

It will appear from Figure 1 that one web member 6 is completely stretched, whereas the second web member 5 shows a folded shape in cross section, so that stiffening ridges are formed, which extend along rafters 1, 2, i.e. in the direction of fall of the roof. Web members 5 and 6 are mutually connected in a suitable manner along the fold, tops 16, e.g. by glue joining. As. shown, web material 4 is also stretched and forms the sub-roof proper. Between web material 4 and web member 5 a connection is preferably provided along fold ridge 17, e.g. by the aid of glue. In areas 8 and 9, where all three web layers are in contact, mutual glue connections are, advantageously, provided as well.

On the upper side of web material 4, in areas 8 and 9, non- slip strip areas, as indicated by curly line 18 in Figure 3, may advantageously be provided. This will provide for additional safety to persons moving on the roof. The plastic material commonly used for sub-roof sheathing is relatively slippery, and it is thus advantageous to provide such non- slip areas.

In Figure 2, see also Figure 3, the sub-roof element is shown in a loosely folded state. It will appear that especially the middle layer 5 is preferably provided with folding indications permitting folding as shown. Web member 6 may also, preferably, be provided with folding indications. Pliable web material 4 commonly needs no special folding indications.

The sub-roof element may be manufactured at a length covering the entire roof dimension, from the ridge of the roof to the cornice, but if transversal joining is required, it may advantageously be achieved by transversal overlap joining. In this case one web member 6, i.e. the web member to be more or less completely stretched in its state of usage, is made longer than the other web member 5, which is to form the stiffening folds or ridges. This is illustrated in Figure 4, from which it will appear that one web member 6' is longer than the other web member 5'. In Figure 4 it is also indicated how the sub-roof forming pliable web material 4' is made longer than the ridge forming web member 5* for overlapping.

The sub-roof element shown in a loosely folded state in perspective in Figure 5 is an embodiment like that of Figure 3, and the same reference numerals are, thus, used. The only difference is that the sub-roof element 3 of the embodiment in Figure 5 is provided with a respective flexible end skirt 19, 20. Such a flexible skirt may, e.g. consist of paper or plastic and forms an extension of web member 6.

At the rafter, see Figure 6, said skirt 19 may be placed in front of the insulation in an advantageous manner to form a tight transition to the wind screen of the wall. If the roof (house) is of a kind with sub-roof elements on each side of the roof meeting at the ridge, the respective skirt 20 may be rolled up, so that a wind screen across the ridge is achieved which is tight from one rafter to the next across the insulation. This is of great importance to the thermal economy of the house. It will be understood that the skirts may also be utilized in an advantageous manner in case of joining in the direction of fall of the sub-roof elements.- The sub-roof elements 3 may, if desired, only have such a flexible skirt at one end. The advantage of having one at each end is obviously, since when the sub-roof element is laid there is no dependence of directions, and it may, if desired, be utilised in the ridge area.

The sub-roof element is in Figure 1 shown to be placed across two adjacent rafters 1 and 2. This is regarded to be the most practical embodiment, but embodiments are obviously possible in which the sub-roof element, e.g. as shown in Figures 7 and 8, covers three adjacent rafters 21, 22, and 23. The pliable web material 24 forming the sub-roof proper, is provided in the shape of a uniform, strong plastic film having a width which covers ail three rafters 21, 22, and 23. Web members 25 and 26, which are stretched between the rafters, are two independent web members which overlap across the middle rafter 22, and the same goes for both inner ridge forming web members 27, 28. Web members 25, 26, and 27, 28, respectively, may obviously be manufactured to form uniform webs, but from reasons of adjustment it may be advantageous to let them be separate members to permit adjustment relative to the middle rafter 22 when the sub-roof Is placed. The sub-roof elemen of Figure 8 is tacked to rafters 21, 22, 23 in a commo •manner. For the rest the embodiment is as disclosed above.

In a state for transport the sub-roof element is mor compressed than appears from Figures 2-5, e.g. as shown i Figure 10, in which the element is shown to form a heavil folded and compact elongated package. At 29 in Figure 10 transversal fold is indicated, and it will appear that th sub-roof element may, thus, be folded as indicated by arro 30 to provide a compact and readily transportable unit. Sai possibility of transversal folding is of special importanc when it is a case of very long plate members suited to cove an entire length of a rafter. Such long designs are advantag eous to avoid transversals joints. If such transversal joint are unavoidable they should form lap joints and be taped a well.

Such transversal folding or the like as shown in Figure 10 should be readily achievable by use of preferred materials i.e. a strong plastic material for the pliable web 4, an suitable cardboard qualities for web members 5 and 6 Transversal folding may, if desired, be facilitated b insertion of a transversal pane of a more pliable material This is shown, e.g. in Figure 9, in which a transversal readily pliable folding pane 31 is inserted in the shape. of flexible plastic material,, which is glued to the cardboar material of central web member 5. In Figure 9 the pliable we material 4 is intended to be transparent to permit th inserted transversal pane 31 to be seen. Such transversa panes may, obviously be provided for web member 6 as wel and, if desired, for the sub-roof film 4, but it is con sidered sufficient to insert such a slightly weakened pane i the central layer of the sub-roof element. In Figure 1 folding pane 31 is indicated. The central web member 5 ma also end in the area, where insertion of a flexible plasti material is indicated as been inserted in the folding are 31. This method will render the folding area easier to fold.

The folds obviously need not pass into each other, as shown, but may face away from each other.

In addition to the fact that laying of sub-roofs wit formation of air channelling and wind screens is facilitated, the advantage is also achieved that an air slot system is provided, which shows a permanent resistance against being compressed and which comprises an efficient, wind-tight wind screen which is also very open to diffusion, without any transversal joints and which seals well against the remaining roof structure. Also, the sub-roof material is flexible and water-tight.

The air slot system shows high capacity for draining off moisture, which is especially important after the building period. The air slot system, furthermore, due to its good sealing against the roof structure ensures good thermal economy in the long run. The high capacity of this air slot system will, furthermore, prevent heat from the house proper from being readily transferred to the external roof. This is obviously advantageous in the winter, when snow and ice are prevented from melting and freezing again with the result that tiles, drains and gutters burst and dangerous icicles are formed. This may happen even at low temperatures with a roof structure which is heat insulated according to the building regulations.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS:

1. ^'

A sub-roof element, comprising a pliable web-shaped material (4) which may form a sub-roof, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that it furthermore comprises a member which is provided on the underside of the sub-roof and is made from foldable web material (5, 6) to form air channels with closed cross sections.

2.

A sub-roof element according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that said member by the aid of folding instructions is divided into a number of parallel panes, so that it may be folded into an elongated unit with the faces of said panes in contact with each other, said member comprising two web members (5,6) which are connected to each other along two opposed lateral edges in parallel with said folds, both web members being provided with said folding instructions, to form folds during foldin operations, and with the height of fold ridges of one web member (6) being lower than that of the other (5), so tha when the sub-roof element is stretched from its folde position the pliable web shaped material (4) and said one we member (6) will be stretched substantially into a fla position, whereas the other web member (5) still has folds.

3.

A sub-roof element according to claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the folds pass on into the other during folding operations.

4.

A sub-roof element according to one of the precedeing claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that both web members (5 6) and the pliable web material are joined in the fol ridges (15, 17).

5.

A sub-roof element according to one of the preceding claims,, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that said one web member (6) consists of a windtight material which is permeable to moisture, e.g. brown wrapping paper, and that said other web member (5) consists of a water repellent material or has a water reppelent coating on its outside, e.g. cardboard with a water repellent coating.

6.

A sub-roof element according to one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that said one web member (6') is longer than the other (5') in order to permit overlap.

7.

A sub-roof element according to one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n . that the air channel and wind screen forming member is designed in such a manner that it at the fold portion extending along the rafter, extends as much as possible at right angles to the overlying sub-roof made from pliable web material (4).

8.

A sub-roof element according to one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that it has a width corresponding to at least three adjacent rafters.

9.

A sub-roof element according to one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n - that it is provided with adhesive tapes (14, 15) for adhesion to the rafters.

10.

A sub-roof element according to one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that at one or at both end (towards rafter and ridge) it has a flexible skirt (19,20 forming a respective extension of said one web member (6).

11.

A sub-roof element according to one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that it comprises one or number of readily foldable transversal areas (31), especiall in web member (5) which is provided with the ridge formin folds.