+

WO1991009295A1 - Procede et dispositif de determination du taux de sedimentation du sang - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de determination du taux de sedimentation du sang Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1991009295A1
WO1991009295A1 PCT/SE1990/000824 SE9000824W WO9109295A1 WO 1991009295 A1 WO1991009295 A1 WO 1991009295A1 SE 9000824 W SE9000824 W SE 9000824W WO 9109295 A1 WO9109295 A1 WO 9109295A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrodes
tube
blood
impedance
signal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1990/000824
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sven E. Eriksson
Torsten Silander
Original Assignee
Tesi Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tesi Ab filed Critical Tesi Ab
Publication of WO1991009295A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991009295A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/05—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions in blood
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
    • G01N33/49—Blood
    • G01N33/491—Blood by separating the blood components

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and to a device for determining the sedimentation rate of blood.
  • the determination of the blood sedimentation rate, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate, is the most common of blood tests carried out.
  • the blood cells tend to agglomerate in the so-called rouleau formation of erythrocytes. If the blood is prevented from coagulating, the blood cells will therewit sink more rapidly down to the tottom of an upstanding tube.
  • the supernatant liquid consists of plasma and the height or thickness of this clear layer in millimeters provides a value of the sedimentation rate. This value is read-off precisely one hour after having placed th tube in a measuring stand.
  • the Swedish Patent Specification No. 8009126-7 describes a method of obt aining an automatic indication of the interface between plasma and blood sediment after one hour. According to this patent specification, there is placed in a sedimentation test tube a body which absorbs blood and plasma and swells as a result of this absorption:
  • the body has a density which lies between the density of blood sediment and plasma and will therefore float at said interface layer.
  • the body is configured so that after one hour, it will have swollen to such an extent as to fasten in the test tube.
  • the present invention thus relates to a method for determining the sedimentation rate of blood, in which a so-called blood sedimentation tube is filled with whole blood, which is allowed to settle for one hour, whereafter the height of a plasma column above the blood sediment is read-off, said method being characterized by inserting the blood sedimentation tube into a reading location in which a plurality of electrodes are disposed along the vertical extension of the tube, by applying a signal of varying voltage to the electrodes, by determining the impedance of the blood present in the tube between pairs of electrodes, with the aid of a detector; by determining the location along the length of the tube at which a change in impedance takes place while utilizing the fact that an impedance difference prevails between plasma and blood sediment, and by determining the height or distance from said location to the upper surface of the plasma column.
  • the invention also relates to apparatus of the kind described in the preamble of Claim 9 and having the characterizing features set forth in the characterizing clause of said Claim.
  • FIG. 1 is a block schematic of apparatus according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • - Figure 2 illustrates a pattern of electrodes
  • - Figure 3 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention
  • - Figure 4 illustrates an output signal obtained in accordance
  • Figure 1 illustrates apparatus for carrying out the inventive method.
  • the reference 1 identifies a so-called blood sedimentation tube, which is normally a glass or plastic tube having a length of 200 mm, a diameter of 10 mm and a wall thickness of 0.5 mm.
  • the reference 2 identifies plasma and the reference 3 identifies blood sediment.
  • a reading location or reading station is generally referenced 4.
  • the apparatus may include solely one reading location to which mutually different test tubes are moved automatically with the aid of known devices, which is standard routine when carrying out automatic test analyses within the medical field, or may comprise one reading location or station for each tube.
  • the reading location includes electrodes 5, 6 which are disposed along the length extension of a tube 1 inserted in the reading location.
  • the apparatus also includes an oscillator 7 which functions to produce a signal which is applied successively to the electrodes 5.
  • switch network 8 which includes a number of electronic switches.
  • the switching network 8 is constructed to connect one or more electrodes 5 at a time to the oscillator 7 in a successive order, in response to instructions from a control unit or data processor 9.
  • Ihe switch network 8 is also constructed to connect, at the same time, one or more electrodes 6 to a detector 10 included in the apparatus.
  • the oscillator 7 is intended to produce a signal having a frequency between 100 Hz and 10 kHz, preferably about 1 kHz. However, any suitable frequency whatsoever may be used.
  • the electrodes may have a drive voltage of 50 mV, for instance.
  • the oscillator signal is preferably a square-wave signal.
  • the DC-component of the signal is equal to 0 volts, so as not to affect the blood.
  • the oscillator 7 also delivers the signal to the detector 10, which is a synchronous detector.
  • the detector 10 is intended to measure the impedance between pairs of electrodes.
  • the impedance is measured between mutually opposing electrodes 5, 6 in relation to the tube 1.
  • the present invention is based on the understanding that whole blood, plasma and blood sediment exhibit mutually different electrical properties of a magnitude such as to enable the impedance difference to be measured in order to determine the presence of the interface between blood sediment and plasma.
  • a blood svedimentation tube is present in or is inserted into the reading location. After one hour has passed from the time of taking the blood sample, the data processor begins a measuring cycle.
  • the data processor controls the switch network 8 such that, for instance, the oscillator signal is applied to the uppermost electrode 5.
  • the electrode 6 positioned on the opposite side of the tube is connected by the switch network 8 to an amplifier 11, which amplifies the signal of the receiver electrode 6.
  • This amplified signal is detected in the detector 10 and is low-pass filtered in a low-pass filter 12.
  • the amplitude of the signals arriving from the lew-pass filter constitute a measurement of the impedance across the plasma column 2.
  • the detector 10 is a synchronous detector intended to maximize system sensitivity or response.
  • the low-pass filter 12 may be given a large time constant, for instance a constant of severa seconds.
  • the combination of a synchronous detector and a narrow-band low-pass filter enables very long measuring signals to be measured.
  • the lew-pass filtered analogue signal is digitalized in an A/D-con- verter 13 and delivered to the data processor 9.
  • the detector thus compares the signal applied on an electrode to the signal received by the receiver electrode.
  • the switch network is able to connect the electrodes in any desired sequence.
  • the next electrode 5 in line, counting from the top of the electrode array is connected to the oscillator and the opposing electrode 6 is connected to the amplifier 11. Ihere is then obtained a new value after the A/D-converter 13.
  • the third electrode 5 from the top of said electrode array is used to measure impedance together with the opposite electrode 6, there will be established a change in impedance will be established in cemparision with the impedance exhibited by the plasma 2, since both plasma and blood sediment influence the measuring process.
  • these electrodes will indicate an impedance across the blood sediment which differs from the two impedances mentioned above.
  • the detector is arranged to measure the capacitance immediately across pairs of electrodes 5, 6.
  • the accuracy of the method is contingent on the size of the electrodes 5, 6.
  • the electrodes shown in Figure 1 have been purposely enlarged for the sake of clarity.
  • Figure 2 is a top view of a preferred electrode pattern or array.
  • the electrodes 5, 6 are mutually parallel and are positioned so as to extend along the longitudinal axis of a blood sedimentation test tube 1 inserted in the measuring location.
  • the longitudinal axis of the electrodes extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the tube.
  • the electrodes are placed equidistant from one another, with a centre distance of 1 mm.
  • This provides very good resolution, with an accuracy of 1 mm, which is the accuracy applied when reading the sedimentation value manually.
  • the electrode pattern may be configured so that the centre distance 1 of the electrodes shown in Figure 2 is 1 mm, as before mentioned, wherein the distance between the electrodes c is approximately 0.3 mm and the vertical extension a of the electrodes is approximately 0.7 mm.
  • the width b of the electrodes may be approximately 5 mm.
  • the total vertical extension of the electrode array L may, of course, correspond to the vertical extension or length of a blood sedimentation tube, i.e. 200 mm although said total vertical extension is preferably longer, so that the electrode array will include the range within which blood sedimentation values occur.
  • the electrode pattern or array may, for instance, be etched on one side of a double-sided, flexible laminate, with connecting wires to each electrode on the other side of the laminate.
  • the distance from each of the electrodes to the upper surface 14 of the sample is known, because the length of the tube is known, because the position of the bottom surface 15 relative to the electrodes is known, and because the tube is filled to a predetermined level.
  • the position of the upper surface of the sample can, of course, be determined by the present capacitive method, with the aid of electrodes positioned in the region of the upper surface of the sample. Subsequent to having noted an impedance change after a measuring cycle, the location of the impedance change is known, because the data processor has registered at which electrode or electrodes the change has taken place.
  • the data processor is programmed to calculate the height or vertical distance from the location at which the impedance change occurred, i.e. the location of the interface between blood sediment and plasma, to the upper surface of the plasma column.
  • This distance i.e. the height of the plasma column, is the blood sedimentation value, as before mentioned.
  • This value is stored in the data processor.
  • Figure 4 illustrates schematically a curve which shows the signal amplitude obtained from the A/D-converter against the position of respective electrodes along the tube.
  • a number of discrete measurement values are found stored in the data processor.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the continuous curves through these discrete measurement values. As will be seen from the curve, there is a clear change in amplitude at the interface.
  • the data processor is intended to establisi the location of the interface along the tube, for instance by interpolation or inflection-point determination.
  • one electrode 5 and one electrode 6 have been used at a time.
  • several electrodes 5 and several electrodes 6 can be used in one and the same measuring process.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a second embodiment in which of the electronic circuits used only one switch network 80, correspon ding to the switch network 8, is shown.
  • the electrodes 16-21 have been purposely enlarged for illustration purposes, similar to the case in Figure 1.
  • an electrode pattern or array with associated text there is preferably used an electrode pattern or array with associated text.
  • the switch network 80 is intended to connect successively one or more electrodes at a time to the oscillator 7, in response to instructions from the data processor, and to connect to the detector 10, via the amplifier 11, those two electrodes which surround the electrode connected to the oscillator.
  • the electrode 17 is connected to the oscillator, the electrodes 16 and 18 are connected to the detector.
  • the detector is intended to compare the signal between two electrode pairs, i.e. 16, 17 and 17, 18 respectively.
  • the amplitude of the signal obtained from the A/D-converter will therefore be constant and low, for instance equal to zero, when the measuring electrodes measure the same part of the sample.
  • the signals from the respective electrode pairs 16, 17; 17, 18 will be different, and hence the signal obtained from the A/D-converter will have an amplitude which corresponds to the difference between said signals.
  • several electrodes may be supplied with a signal and several electrodes may be used on both sides of the electrodes supplied with said signal.
  • Figure 5 illustrates schematically a curve which shows the signal amplitude obtained from the A/D-converter against positions along a blood sedimentation tube, in a manner corresponding to that illustrated in Figure 4. The interface is thus found at the amplitude maximum.
  • the apparatus is calibrated immediately after filling the tube with whole blood.
  • the impedance which then prevails is used later as a reference when measurements are taken on blood sediment and plasma respectively.
  • a keyboard 30 or the like is connected to the data processor 9, so that data, etc. relating to the patient can be entered into the processor.
  • the data processor will preferably include a clock which shows the time and the date concerned.
  • the sedimentation rate of a blood sample can, for instance, be determined in the following manner.
  • a blood sedimentation tube is filled with whole blood, by a nurse.
  • the nurse places the tube in the apparatus and enters the personal identification number of the patient into the data processor through the keyboard.
  • a sensor (not shown), preferably a photocell, may be positioned at the reading location, in order to initiate the time measuring process. Alternatively, the time measuring process may be initiated as a result of entering the personal identification number of the patient in the data processor.
  • the data processor instructs the apparatus to detect the position of the interface, as before described. The sedimentation value is stared in the data processor, together with the personal identification number of the patient.
  • a display and/or a printer 31 may be connected to the data processor.
  • the data processor is preferably programmed to print successively completed blood sedimentation tests through the printer 31.
  • the data processor may also be programmed to store the blood sedimentation values for short or longer periods of time, for instance far one or more weeks, wherein the data processor can be instructed through the keyboard to print-out a series of blood sedimentation values for one and the same patient.
  • the data processor can be instructed through the keyboard to print-out a series of blood sedimentation values for one and the same patient.
  • the printer will illustrate variations in the blood sedimentation value with time, in a graphic form.
  • measuring can be effected at two or more different frequencies in successive stages.
  • the electrodes may be arranged in a different pattern or array.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

Selon un procédé de détermination du taux de sédimentation du sang, on remplit une éprouvette dite de sédimentation sanguine avec du sang entier, que l'on laisse se déposer pendant une heure, puis on lit la hauteur de la colonne de plasma au-dessus du sédiment sanguin. On insère l'éprouvette (1) dans une position de lecture (4) où une pluralité d'électrodes sont agencées le long de la hauteur de l'éprouvette (1); on applique aux électrodes un signal de tension variable; on détermine l'impédance du sang (2, 3) présent dans l'éprouvette (1) entre des paires d'électrodes (5, 6); on détermine la position le long de la hauteur de l'éprouvette (1) où un changement d'impédance se produit, sur la base de la différence d'impédance entre le plasma (2) et le sédiment sanguin (3); et on détermine la distance entre ladite position et la surface supérieure (14) de la colonne de plasma (2). L'invention concerne également un appareil de mise en ÷uvre du procédé.
PCT/SE1990/000824 1989-12-13 1990-12-12 Procede et dispositif de determination du taux de sedimentation du sang WO1991009295A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8904207-1 1989-12-13
SE8904207A SE465140B (sv) 1989-12-13 1989-12-13 Foerfarande och anordning foer att bestaemma blods saenkningsreaktion

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991009295A1 true WO1991009295A1 (fr) 1991-06-27

Family

ID=20377762

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1990/000824 WO1991009295A1 (fr) 1989-12-13 1990-12-12 Procede et dispositif de determination du taux de sedimentation du sang

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0505432A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE465140B (fr)
WO (1) WO1991009295A1 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993018395A1 (fr) * 1992-03-10 1993-09-16 Christopher Barnes Appareil permettant de determiner les proprietes physiques et/ou chimiques d'un echantillon et plus particulierement un echantillon de sang
WO1995014224A1 (fr) * 1993-11-15 1995-05-26 Swelab Instrument Ab Appareil pour determiner la vitesse de sedimentation des eryhtrocytes
US5533011A (en) * 1990-12-07 1996-07-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Dual distributed antenna system
US5583432A (en) * 1994-04-11 1996-12-10 Sci-Nostics Limited Electrical method and apparatus for non-contact determination of physical and/or chemical properties of a sample, particularly of blood
WO1998023943A1 (fr) * 1996-11-28 1998-06-04 Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Tsentr 'analiz Veschestv' Procede et appareil destines a enregistrer la sedimentation du sang
WO2005039767A2 (fr) * 2003-10-28 2005-05-06 Diesse Diagnostica Senese S.P.A. Dispositif pour la conduite d'analyses sur des fluides biologiques, et procede connexe
US7509861B2 (en) 2003-10-08 2009-03-31 Actis Active Sensors S.R.L. Method and device for local spectral analysis of an ultrasonic signal
CN105675460A (zh) * 2016-03-08 2016-06-15 重庆理工大学 一种利用电压加快血沉的方法
JP2016197131A (ja) * 2011-08-29 2016-11-24 アムジェン インコーポレイテッド 流体中の非溶解粒子の非破壊的検出のための方法および装置
EP3173777A4 (fr) * 2014-07-24 2018-02-14 Sony Corporation Cartouche pour mesure électrique, dispositif de mesure électrique pour échantillon biologique, système de mesure électrique pour échantillon biologique et procédé de mesure électrique pour échantillon biologique
JP2019015735A (ja) * 2018-09-18 2019-01-31 ソニー株式会社 電気的測定用容器、並びに電気的測定装置および電気的測定方法
US10466257B2 (en) 2012-12-12 2019-11-05 Sony Corporation Measuring electrical properties of a sample using an electrical measuring container

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2400669B (en) * 2003-04-17 2005-12-14 * Barnes Christopher A method and device to obtain haematological parameters and indicators by means of harnessing the dynamics of erythrocyte and other aggregation

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3254527A (en) * 1962-05-03 1966-06-07 Noller Hans Gunter Blood sedimentation apparatus
DE2702557B2 (de) * 1977-01-22 1979-02-08 Labora Mannheim Gmbh Fuer Labortechnik, 6800 Mannheim Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen der Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3254527A (en) * 1962-05-03 1966-06-07 Noller Hans Gunter Blood sedimentation apparatus
DE2702557B2 (de) * 1977-01-22 1979-02-08 Labora Mannheim Gmbh Fuer Labortechnik, 6800 Mannheim Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen der Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5533011A (en) * 1990-12-07 1996-07-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Dual distributed antenna system
WO1993018395A1 (fr) * 1992-03-10 1993-09-16 Christopher Barnes Appareil permettant de determiner les proprietes physiques et/ou chimiques d'un echantillon et plus particulierement un echantillon de sang
WO1995014224A1 (fr) * 1993-11-15 1995-05-26 Swelab Instrument Ab Appareil pour determiner la vitesse de sedimentation des eryhtrocytes
US5583432A (en) * 1994-04-11 1996-12-10 Sci-Nostics Limited Electrical method and apparatus for non-contact determination of physical and/or chemical properties of a sample, particularly of blood
WO1998023943A1 (fr) * 1996-11-28 1998-06-04 Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Tsentr 'analiz Veschestv' Procede et appareil destines a enregistrer la sedimentation du sang
US7509861B2 (en) 2003-10-08 2009-03-31 Actis Active Sensors S.R.L. Method and device for local spectral analysis of an ultrasonic signal
WO2005039767A3 (fr) * 2003-10-28 2005-08-11 Diesse Diagnostica Senese Spa Dispositif pour la conduite d'analyses sur des fluides biologiques, et procede connexe
WO2005039767A2 (fr) * 2003-10-28 2005-05-06 Diesse Diagnostica Senese S.P.A. Dispositif pour la conduite d'analyses sur des fluides biologiques, et procede connexe
US8211381B2 (en) 2003-10-28 2012-07-03 Diesse Diagnostica Senese S.P.A. Device for performing analyses on biological fluids and related method
JP2016197131A (ja) * 2011-08-29 2016-11-24 アムジェン インコーポレイテッド 流体中の非溶解粒子の非破壊的検出のための方法および装置
US10466257B2 (en) 2012-12-12 2019-11-05 Sony Corporation Measuring electrical properties of a sample using an electrical measuring container
US10989722B2 (en) 2012-12-12 2021-04-27 Sony Corporation Electrical measuring container, electrical measuring apparatus and electrical measuring method
EP3173777A4 (fr) * 2014-07-24 2018-02-14 Sony Corporation Cartouche pour mesure électrique, dispositif de mesure électrique pour échantillon biologique, système de mesure électrique pour échantillon biologique et procédé de mesure électrique pour échantillon biologique
CN105675460A (zh) * 2016-03-08 2016-06-15 重庆理工大学 一种利用电压加快血沉的方法
JP2019015735A (ja) * 2018-09-18 2019-01-31 ソニー株式会社 電気的測定用容器、並びに電気的測定装置および電気的測定方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE465140B (sv) 1991-07-29
EP0505432A1 (fr) 1992-09-30
SE8904207L (sv) 1991-06-14
SE8904207D0 (sv) 1989-12-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1512371B1 (fr) Dispositif de mesure de l'impédance bioélectrique
WO1991009295A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de determination du taux de sedimentation du sang
KR920000551B1 (ko) 접촉판넬장치 및 그 접촉위치 결정방법
US5778879A (en) Electronic blood pressure meter with posture detector
US7199594B2 (en) Biosensor apparatus and method with sample type and volume detection
US4470300A (en) Apparatus for and method of determining a capacitance
US4706203A (en) Capacitive gauging method and apparatus
EP0315854A1 (fr) Méthode et dispositif de mesure du taux d'hydratation de la peau
US7546212B2 (en) Method and device for operating a flow meter
EP0378304A3 (fr) Détecteur capacitif de liquide
AU676414B2 (en) Obsturction detection circuit for sample probe
US4450713A (en) Method for measuring hardness of rubber and plastics and a hardness tester for use therein
CA1066774A (fr) Systeme automatique pour l'analyse du sang
JPH0526944A (ja) 導電パターンの検査装置
CA1320251C (fr) Dispositif pour mesurer les proprietes dielectriques de plaques paralleles
US3254527A (en) Blood sedimentation apparatus
ATE213541T1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum elektronischen ausgleich von resonanz-messfehlern in einem kapazitiven druckwandler
US6829928B2 (en) Method of accurately gauging groundwater and nonaqueous phase liquid contaminants which eliminates cross contamination between wells
GB2218812A (en) A capacitive apparatus for measuring liquid volume and flow rate
US6200815B1 (en) Method for measuring the volume of liquid and/or solid in a suspension
JPH02163649A (ja) ガラス容器の検査機械
GB2370641A (en) Coulometric titration system
RU2042928C1 (ru) Емкостный уровнемер
EP0090407A1 (fr) Appareil et procédé pour le contrôle du placage
WO1980002600A1 (fr) Disposition de detection et de mesure de petites variations de capacitance

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): CA JP SU US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LU NL SE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1991900994

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1991900994

Country of ref document: EP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1991900994

Country of ref document: EP

点击 这是indexloc提供的php浏览器服务，不要输入任何密码和下载