+

WO1990013803A1 - Procede et systeme de controle pour l'analyse de gaz - Google Patents

Procede et systeme de controle pour l'analyse de gaz Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1990013803A1
WO1990013803A1 PCT/US1990/002454 US9002454W WO9013803A1 WO 1990013803 A1 WO1990013803 A1 WO 1990013803A1 US 9002454 W US9002454 W US 9002454W WO 9013803 A1 WO9013803 A1 WO 9013803A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
probe
gas
membrane
sample
impedance
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1990/002454
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel P. Lucero
Susan K. Hendrickson
Original Assignee
Iit Research Institute
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/347,424 external-priority patent/US5010776A/en
Application filed by Iit Research Institute filed Critical Iit Research Institute
Publication of WO1990013803A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990013803A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
    • G01M3/22—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/226—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2294—Sampling soil gases or the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0011—Sample conditioning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V9/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
    • G01V9/007—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00 by detecting gases or particles representative of underground layers at or near the surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2214—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling by sorption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
    • G01N1/4005—Concentrating samples by transferring a selected component through a membrane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/30—Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a monitoring system and method for performing gas analysis, including, but not limited to, the in situ detection and analysis of contaminants in subsoil gases and liquids, in liquid masses and in gases.
  • landfill is of domestic origin, but industrial, commercial, and military presence increases the likelihood of hazardous wastes being incorporated in landfill.
  • organic solvents which are used as degreasing agents for cleaning machinery are often detected as contaminants in groundwater.
  • leaks from underground storage tanks used primarily for gasoline and other liquid petroleum fuels have had a significant adverse environmental impact in the United States. It has been estimated that there may be as many as 3.5 million underground storage tanks in the U.S. Estimates of the number of those tanks that are leaking tanks are already overwhelming, and the number is expected to continue to increase in the next few years. Many of the groundwater contamination incidents have been attributed to leaking storage tanks.
  • U.S. Patent 2,928,247 discloses a system and method of detecting leakage from an underground storage cavern. Analyzers are provided to sense any stored material which may leak from the underground cavern into an adjacent porous formation. Although this shows the concept of a porous layer being inserted between a leaking source and an analyzer sensor, it appears from this disclosure that the porous formation is relied upon only to slow the rate of leakage to a point to avoid exceeding the capacity of a nearby downhole pump for pumping liquid up to the surface to an analyzer located there.
  • West German published Patent Application No. 1,804,441 discloses an underground tank leak detecting system using a pipe with perforated walls in which a second pipe or tube is located to extend along and beneath the tank. This is an oil leak warning system, and air is drawn through the pipe system to carry any oil fumes that might be present to a monitoring unit that in turn establishes the presence of the fumes. This is again limited to a permanent type installation and restricted in its detection ability.
  • vadose zone sampling In a known trial of this vadose zone sampling, however, too much effort may have been spent on obtaining successful sampling identification with field instruments of the mass spectrometer type. Thus, difficulties with the detector/analyzer segment of the sampling procedure brought an unsuccessful conclusion to the attempt.
  • known limitations to vadose zone sampling include the fact that concentrations in underlying groundwaters are not directly measurable by this technique. Such sampling will not reveal the actual degree of contamination of water at a particular depth of concern in an aquifer, and it does not appear suitable for the identification of contaminants which may lie deep within an aquifer. Thus it has appeared that a sampling well or other device is needed to reach the saturation zone itself, involving separate systems for vadose and aquifer testing.
  • the system includes conduit means that extends from the test position outside the medium to the probe means in the medium and then separately returns from the probe means to the test position.
  • the system also includes supply means at the test position connected to the conduit means for injecting a carrier gas in the system to mix with and to transport the diffusate from the probe means to the test position.
  • a detector/ analyzer means is also located at the test position and is connected to the return conduit means and receives the transported carrier gas/diffusate mix for detecting the presence of and analyzing the diffusate.
  • the system operates equally well for testing fluid contamination in soil or in liquids and is useful for establishing an array of test points, either temporary or permanent, in the test zone to monitor and analyze the extent of and migration patterns of the fluid contamination.
  • Initial prospecting of a dump site to explore its general extent and composition is prudent prior to extensive mapping and characterization.
  • the subsurface mobility of hazardous and other fluids can be tracked with a two or three dimensional network of the systems deployed in the peripheral zone of a dump site or within the vadose zone as dictated by monitoring strategies. To simplify the illustrations and description, however, the invention will be shown and described herein primarily in relation to soil testing. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a zone in the earth to be tested and including an array of sampling devices according to the invention laid out in an arbitrarily selected (for purposes of illustration) two-dimensional pattern for detecting and analyzing the zone for contaminants;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic depiction of a system for detecting subsurface contamination according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 1 showing a few of the sampling devices in the array at different depths and illustrating a third-dimensional aspect of the array according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a probe utilized in the system of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a view of the probe as in FIG.4 except with the shaft withdrawn from the earth, leaving the cone tip, the membrane module and conduits in place and the soil collapsed therearound;
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross section with dimensions not in proportional relationship of a semipermeable membrane module for use in the probe of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic depiction similar to FIG. 2 except of an alternative embodiment of the system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 12 is an enlarged cross section with dimensions not in proportional relationship similar to FIG. 6 except of an alternative embodiment of the semipermeable membrane module for use in the system of FIG. 11;
  • FIG. 14 is a plan view of an interface module for use in the system of FIG. 11;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of the invention in detecting contaminants in flue gases
  • FIG. 19 is partial section of a test module for use in the interface module of FIG. 18;
  • FIG. 20 is sectional view as seen in the direction of the arrows 20-20 of FIG. 19; and
  • FIG. 21 is a plan view an end cap as used in the test module of FIG. 19.
  • the invention is embodied in a system 10 for monitoring and analytically measuring subsoil gases and liquids and liquid masses for concentration of contaminants and impurities.
  • the system 10 also avoids the need to separately collect individual samples for removal to a remote laboratory.
  • the system includes an implant or probe 12 capable of sampling soil gases and liquid vapors without drilling a well. The soil gases and liquids are sampled by the implant which can be driven into the soil and left for either a limited time or permanently for testing.
  • the probe includes a penetrating head 14, which may be the tip of a cone penetrometer, that opens a path for a membrane module 16.
  • this membrane module 16 includes an assembly of concentric tubes which are porous and gas permeable and which are placed in subsurface levels for receiving a diffusate therethrough from the surrounding medium.
  • the system 10 is shown in FIG. 2 adjacent an underground storage facility 28, such as a tank, landfill, or hazardous waste dump site.
  • an underground storage facility such as a tank, landfill, or hazardous waste dump site.
  • a liner 29 provided for containing or limiting the underground storage facility.
  • This liner may be in the form of a rock or other naturally occurring barrier, or it may be man-made.
  • a plurality of systems 10 can be deployed in an array to depths that are sufficient for sampling the entire vadose zone of a dump site and at deeper depths around the peripheral zone of the site.
  • an array of systems can take a three dimensional form as well as a two dimensional form.
  • FIG. 1 shows the underground storage facility 28 with an array of systems 10 deployed in a two dimensional form to surround the facility within a determined zone 30.
  • the plurality of systems 10 are deployed in the array with a probe extending into the medium from the interface module
  • the system 10 includes two modules: the subsurface implant 12 and the surface interface module 18 with associated devices for connection therewith.
  • Soil gases enter the implant 12 at flow rates proportional to the individual gas partial pressures and the partial and vapor pressures of dissolved and pure liquids, respectively.
  • the soil gases are lifted to the surface by the carrier gas stream which enters the interface at the surface and flows at a controlled and measured flow rate down through the implant and then returns to the surface.
  • Soil gas analysis and monitoring is accomplished by the analyzer/monitor 22 attached to the carrier gas stream return line 26 at the interface.
  • the analyzer/monitor 22 and carrier gas used can be selected to be compatible with all aspects of the system 10 when considering the data quality requirements of the application.
  • the probe 12 is deployed in a medium 32 illustrated as earth.
  • this probe operates equally well in liquids as in soil.
  • the molecules of vapor enter the membrane, as will be seen hereinafter, on one side in a gaseous phase and depart on the other side of the membrane into another gaseous phase; whereas in the other instance the molecules of vapor enter the membrane on one side from a liquid phase and are released to a vapor phase on the other side of the membrane.
  • the subsurface could represent a liquid medium, such as the contents of a well.
  • the medium also could be the earth with the probe extending into an aquifer.
  • the medium 32 is indicated as earth with the probe 12 extending downwardly into soil. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention of limiting the invention to use in soil. On the contrary, the invention is useful in liquids and liquid masses as well as in soil.
  • FIG. 4 shows a driving head or cone penetrometer 14 which is in the form of an inverted cone with its outer surface acting as a plow as it is driven into the earth.
  • the cone tip may be considered expendable with only provision made for retrieving the shaft.
  • the shaft can be removed, leaving the cone 14, the membrane module 16, and the connecting lines 24 and 26, as illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • An opening 40 is provided in the shaft segment that contains the membrane module 16 so that fluids surrounding that portion of the probe can migrate into the module 16. Leaving the shaft in place, of course, also supports the integrity of the implant if it is left for permanent installation in the site. More than one opening 40 may be provided, and the opening may further include a screen covering or louver (not shown) .
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a shaft 34 which may be provided in sections of convenient lengths with means at the end of each section for joining end to end with another section at a joint 36.
  • This joining may be accomplished in any known manner, such as by one end of each shaft segment being threaded externally and the other end being threaded internally to receive the externally threaded end of another segment in a complementary manner.
  • the segments may be any convenient length, for example 10 feet (approximately 3.3 meters).
  • the normal right hand threading may be used for all segments except for the end that engages the cone 14. This threading should be opposite so that none of the shaft segments will unscrew if it is desired to disengage the shaft from the cone.
  • Disengagement of the shaft 34 from the cone 14 may be effected in the illustrated structure by rotating the shaft 34 in a direction reverse to that of the threading direction so as to unscrew the shaft from the cone.
  • the cone will have a tendency to follow the rotation of the shaft, but the friction of the surrounding soil will help to prevent it.
  • the non-rotative condition of the cone 14 may be enhanced, however, by, for example, the addition of at least one fin 38 (FIG. 4) longitudinally on the* face of the cone. More than one such fin may be provided at equal or unequal intervening intervals around the face of the cone. It is assumed in this structure, of course, that the means for driving the probe 12 into the earth will be a downwardly driving force on the shaft 34 from the surface and not a rotative or drilling force.
  • the standard practice for inserting cone penetrometers can be adopted.
  • the cross-sectional illustration of the implant 12 shows an array of four concentric tubular elements; namely, the supply tube 24, the central-most tube; a support tube 42; a membrane tube 44; and a protector tube 46, the outermost tube.
  • the central supply tube 24 introduces carrier gases into the implant.
  • this supply tube is made of a material, such as TEFLON or high quality stainless steel, that is inert to soil conditions.
  • the perforated metal tube 42 which may be also of stainless steel, is a thin-walled tube that provides mechanical support for the tubular membrane.
  • the outermost tube 46 is a porous padding, such as a poiymeric padding material, that provides the tubular membrane with protection from soil abrasion, etc., in the event of soil movement past the implant.
  • the centrally positioned supply tube may be a
  • the thin-walled perforated metal tube 42 may be a 7/8-inch (22 mm) diameter perforated metal tube.
  • the tubular membrane 44 may be a 0.001-inch (0.025 mm) thick TEFLON tubular membrane.
  • the protector tube 46 may be a 1/8-inch
  • top cap 48 and a bottom cap 50 are sealed at each end by a top cap 48 and a bottom cap 50, respectively. Both these caps are preferably made of metal. These caps each include a peripheral skirt portion 52 that clamps the cap in a press fit condition over the respective ends of the support tube 42.
  • the peripheral skirt portion includes a slot 54 which purpose is to contain an O-ring for sealing the tubular membrane 44 to the head end and foot end respectively of the perforated support tube 42.
  • the tubular elements in the embodiment shown are approximately 6 inches (15.24 cm) long, and the outer diameter of the entire concentric tube assembly is approximately 1 inch (2.5 cm).
  • the top cap 48 has provision for receiving the supply tube 24 for the carrier gas stream through the cap, and for the return tube 26, which may be also of stainless steel, to also extend through the cap.
  • the bottom cap 50 with the O-ring 56 seals the tubular membrane 44 at the opposite or bottom end of the implant.
  • the interface module 18 comprises a pneumatic panel 58 contained in a weather proof housing 60 (shown only as a representation and not in detail) mounted to a stake (not shown) imbedded in the soil.
  • a gas connection 62 is made through a fitting that leads to the carrier gas supply 20 on the one side and to the supply line 24 to the implant 12 on the other side.
  • the carrier gas return line 26 from the implant connects to a manifold 64 for further connections on the other side to the analyzer/monitor 22 and/or secondary sampling devices (shown as 78 in FIG. 11) . All gas connections are made at the face of the respective connection panels as illustrated.
  • Reference Nos. 64a, b and c refer to the analyzer/monitor and secondary sampler connections.
  • FIG. 9 An interface pneumatic network is illustrated schematically in FIG. 9.
  • the carrier gas connection 62 is shown at the far right in the figure, and this represents the point at which the carrier gas is inputted from the supply device 20.
  • the pneumatic lines 24 and 26 are provided with in-line filter cartridges.
  • the carrier gas line 24 includes an in-line pressure relief valve and a shutoff valve to prevent over pressurization of the implant and to assist in the startup and checkout processes. Therefore, beginning at the right side in the FIG. 9 at the connection 62, the carrier gas proceeds downstream to a filter 66 on the input side of the system, thence, to a pressure relief valve 68 and finally to a shutoff valve 70 before continuing downstream to the implant 12 in the supply line 24.
  • the carrier gas/diffusate mix passes through a filter 72 before it reaches the manifold 64 for distribution to the analyzer/monitor 22 and/or sampler devices.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the diffusion process by showing the membrane tube 44 along with the supply line 24 and a few sample molecules 74.
  • the sample molecule 74A on the outside of the tube collides with the tube wall surface.
  • the sample molecules then dissolve in the tube wall and diffuse into the interior of the tube where the carrier gas from the input line 24 sweeps up the molecules and carries them in the return line 26 to the surface.
  • the membrane tube 44 is preferably of a semipermeable material, and the molecules 74 that dissolve or diffuse through the wall become the diffusate that forms the sample to be tested on the surface.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the total impedance to the sample gas flow from the soil through* the tube wall to the tube interior.
  • the impedance to soil gas flowing from the soil into the implant interior is composed primarily of (1) the soil gas impedance and (2) the tubular membrane diffusion impedance in series as illustrated in FIG.8; i.e..
  • lip total gas flow impedance from surrounding soil into the implant, torr-min/cm 3 ;
  • I tm tubular membrane impedance, torr-min/cm 3 ; and
  • I s soil gas impedance, torr-min/cm 3 .
  • implant operation is based on a flow of soil gases by diffusion through the semipermeable tubular membrane 44 and into the interior of the module 16.
  • Q c carrier gas flow rate, std. ml./min.
  • the soil gas species flow rate into the implant 12 is related to the soil gas species partial pressure or concentration in the soil by the permeation conductance of the implant 12:
  • Q s K (P sg - P ig ) (2 )
  • K implant soil gas species permeation conductance, std. ml./min.-torr;
  • P s _ gas species partial pressure in the soil, torr
  • P ⁇ _ soil gas species partial pressure in the implant or in the carrier gas stream at the interface, torr.
  • K will be determined by in situ calibration or in the laboratory.
  • the soil gas partial pressure in the soil is related to measured and calibrated parameters by combining equations (1) and (2) :
  • T s 5(r Q 2 - r ⁇ 2 ) In(_. ⁇ /_.£)/2D (6)
  • D implant membrane soil gas species diffusion coefficient, cm. /sec. * For an implant with a 0.785-inch (20 mm) TEFLON tubular membrane 0.001 inch (0.025 mm) thick, and a soil gas diffusion coefficient of 10 ⁇ 6 cm. /sec, the implant response time to reach equilibrium will be approximately 38 seconds.
  • the lag time will depend on the inside diameter of the carrier gas pneumatic lines and the depth of the implant. For the system 10 operating with a 30-std. ml./min. carrier gas flow rate stream, 0.030-inch (0.76 mm) inside diameter pneumatic lines, and an implant 100 feet (30 m) below the surface, the lag time of the system will be 56 seconds.
  • the total response time of the system 10 to a step change in soil gas partial pressure will be approximately 94 seconds.
  • Equations (1) and (2) describe the soil gas species concentration at the interface for the system 10 operating in the dynamic sampling mode, i.e., the operating mode in which the carrier gas flows continuously through the implant.
  • V s - implant internal volume ml.
  • In situ calibration of the implant may be performed with calibration gas supplied to the external surface of the tubular membrane 44.
  • FIGS. 11, 12, 13 and 14 show a further embodiment of the system 10.
  • like elements will carry the same respective reference numbers as earlier.
  • Elements that are basically the same but modified in the embodiment are the respective earlier numbers raised by 100.
  • Elements not previously described, of course, will carry newly assigned reference numbers.
  • FIG. 11 also shows an analyzer/monitor 22 and an auxiliary or secondary sampler 78 connected to the interface module 118 on the return side of the system.
  • FIG. 12 shows a detail of a membrane module 116 for use in the system 110.
  • the cross-sectional illustration of the implant 112 shows an array of five concentric tubular elements. Again, the assembly is approximately six inches (15.24 cm) long, and is contained within a one-inch (2.54 cm) diameter envelope.
  • the assembly is sealed at each end by top and bottom caps 48 and 50, respectively.
  • the two innermost tubes are approximately a 1/16-inch (1.6 mm) and a 1/4-inch (6.4 mm) outside diameter metal tubes that introduce calibration and carrier gases to the implant as shown.
  • the calibration gas comes through the centermost tube 76, and the carrier gas comes from the tube 24 that joins and surrounds the tube 76 and leads the carrier gas into the interior of the membrane module for sweeping the interior and eventually making its exit through the return line 26.
  • These carrier gas and calibration gas tubes are surrounded sequentially by a 7/8-inch (22 mm) diameter thin-wall perforated metal tube, which is the support tube 42 as previously described; a 0.001-inch (0.025 mm) thick TEFLON tubular membrane, which is the membrane tube 44 as previously described; and a 1/8-inch (3.2 mm) thick tube of a porous polymeric padding material, which is the protector tube 46 as previously described.
  • Mechanical support for the tubular membrane 44 is provided by the perforated tube 42, and the porous padding 46 provides the tubular membrane 44 with protection from soil abrasion, etc., in the event of soil movement past the implant, as previously described.
  • the top cap 48 is a metal circular plate with a thick lip or peripheral skirt portion 52.
  • the peripheral skirt portion includes a slot 54 for containing an O-ring 56 which seals the tubular membrane 44 to the header end of the perforated support tube 42.
  • the bottom cap 50 with its O-ring seals the tubular membrane 44.
  • a further flat-bottom cap 80 is provided overall on the outside of the bottom of the assembly.
  • This additional flat bottom cap 80 also has a peripheral lip, which, however, is no thicker than the bottom wall of the cap.
  • This further flat-bottom cap 80 provides an assembly essentially of two shallow cylindrical flat bottom caps fitted into one another, but separated by a further ring, namely a porous metal ring 82 inserted between the two lips of caps 50 and 80 as shown, defining a chamber between the two caps.
  • the O-ring 56 is compressed by the bottom cap 50 to seal the tubular membrane 44 to the perforated tube 42 bottom header in a manner similar to that of the top cap'48.
  • the chamber created at the bottom of the assembly between the caps 50 and 80 receives the calibration gas which enters the chamber from the calibration tube 76.
  • the calibration gas tube 76 penetrates the inner bottom cap 50 and allows the calibration gas to flow into the chamber to the outer peripheral edges. From there, the calibration gas flows through the porous metal ring 82 to the area surrounding the outer wall of the membrane tube 44 where it will diffuse through the membrane tube 44 wall and be swept up internally of the tube by the carrier gas in a manner the same as for other diffusates.
  • FIG. 14 shows the interface module 118 that includes a pneumatic panel 158 in a weatherproof housing 60 mounted to a stake (not shown) embedded in the soil.
  • Gas connections 162a for the carrier gas and 162b for the calibration gas are made through fittings that lead to the carrier and calibration gas supplies respectively from the supply device 120 on the input side and to the respective pneumatic lines 24 and 76 leading to the implant 112 on the other side of the connection.
  • the carrier gas return line 26 connects to a manifold 164 for an analyzer/monitor device 22 and/or for secondary sampling devices 78 (FIG. 11) . Connections 164a, b, c, d, e, and f are provided for these analyzer/monitor and/or secondary sampling devices.
  • All gas connections are made at the face of the connection panel as illustrated in FIG. 14.
  • the interface pneumatic network for this further embodiment is illustrated schematically in FIG. 13.
  • all pneumatic lines at entrances and exits contain in-line filter cartridges.
  • the carrier and calibration gas lines each contain in-line downstream pressure relief and shutoff valves to prevent overpressurization of the implant and to assist in the startup and checkout processes.
  • These in-line elements in the carrier and calibration streams are mounted to the backside of the connection panel.
  • 162a is the connection from the carrier gas supply device 120
  • 162b is the connection for the calibration gas from the supply device 120.
  • Each one of these lines proceeds downstream into filters 66, thence to pressure relief valves 68 and finally through shutoff valves 70 before proceeding downwardly to the implant 112.
  • the carrier gas exits the module and proceeds back to the surface through the return line 26 and through a filter 72 before reaching the manifold 164.
  • connections are made to the attached device 22 for monitoring/analyzing the carrier gas/diffusate mix and various secondary sampler devices 78 as may be connected.
  • a calibration gas stream enters the calibration gas inlet 120b, flows through the calibration gas tube 76 and into the space or chamber between the bottom caps 50 and 80.
  • the calibration gas continues to flow through the porous metal ring 82 to the external surface of the tubular membrane 44.
  • the implant 112 operates on the calibration gas as it does on soil gas, i.e., P sg of equation (5) is supplied by the calibration gas. [G] is adjusted to maintain the equality after changes in y.
  • implant structural constraints may be established by reliability and service life requirements and deployment flexibility. Operational constraints may be associated with special-purpose operating conditions and interfaces conducive to obtaining the system performance specifications.
  • the systems 10 and 110 reliability correspond generally and most importantly to the exigencies of maintaining the relationships of soil gas species partial pressure, P sg , and the measured soil gas species concentration, [G] , described by equation (4) . Adherence to this relationship is predicated on the design and operational integrity of the tubular membrane 44 and the pneumatic lines leading to the surface.
  • the tubular membrane 44 should be free of tears, punctures, and pin holes to ensure that the soil gas flows into the implant only as described by equation (2) .
  • pre-assembly inspection of the tubular membrane is important as is post-assembly inspection and leak and span checks.
  • the tubular membrane 44 should not be damaged during the deployment and operational processes.
  • tubular membrane material be inactive chemically and physically with the soil as well as with benign and hazardous soil fluids. Such condition will ensure that the tubular membrane material K remains unchanged during the life of the implant.
  • TEFLON of any form is a preferred material for the tubular membrane 44.
  • a simple but very important aspect in extending operating service life of the implant 12 or 112 is to ensure that the pneumatic lines from the interface to the implant are internally always clear of debris to minimize possible plugging.
  • the filter cartridges 66 in the interface pneumatic network shown in FIGS. 9 and 13 assist in preventing the ingestion of particulate debris larger than 1.0 ⁇ m. diameter. It is recognized, however, that smaller debris and debris with a condensable coating can deposit and accumulate over long time periods. It is desirable, therefore, to remove such deposits from the system periodically by cleaning with hot gases or liquids.
  • the systems 10 and 110 as fabricated, are capable of prolonged exposure to maximum temperatures in excess of 100*C.
  • Overpressurization of the implants 12 and 112 with carrier gas can affect significantly their life and operation. For example, in the event the tubular membrane 44 is ruptured or the O-ring seals 56 are broken, the damage is total, i.e., the implant must be retrieved and repaired or abandoned.
  • the interface pneumatic networks shown in FIGS. 9 and 13 are equipped with the pressure relief valves 68 and the downstream shutoff valves 70 in the carrier and calibration gas lines. It is a preferred startup procedure that after the carrier and calibration gas supply and control network 20 or 120 is connected to the interface module 18 or 118, operation begins with a functional and pressure setting check of the relief valves 68 with the shutoffs 70 in the closed position.
  • the systems 10 and 110 instabilities are a function of the parameters included in equations (1) and (4) . Two of the more important parameters are external to the systems: (a) the carrier gas flow rate, Q c , and (b) pressure, P c . Instabilities in these, however, are associated directly with the carrier and calibration gas supply and control network. Standard pneumatic design techniques and components available commercially can be used to maintain Q c and P c within + 1 percent over ⁇ 50"F (10'C) temperature range.
  • tubular membrane permeability coefficient P m
  • P m tubular membrane permeability coefficient
  • the soil gas P m for TEFLON materials varies approximately 1 percent/*C.
  • Variations in soil temperature at the depth of the implant will be reflected in proportional variations of Q s and [G] s .
  • more stability in implant performance can be obtained by temperature-controlling the implant or by temperature compensation of [G] s with the output reading of a temperature probe that can be carried by the implant.
  • the system 10 is relatively stable as is evident from a review of its operating simplicity and design.
  • TCE TCE
  • the form of the subsurface gases and their source may be inferred definitely from the concentration readings obtained on the surface and information as to the soil temperature at the sampling point.
  • the form of the subsurface fluid can be established. For example, if the partial pressure level measurement is equal to the fluid species liquid phase vapor pressure, it can be inferred that the fluid is present at the sampling point in the liquid phase. If the partial pressure is less than the vapor pressure, then it can be inferred that the fluid is present at the sampling point in the gas phase only or that it may be dissolved in a second fluid such as water.
  • Polar molecules with relatively low vapor pressures such as TNT, will be difficult to transport efficiently at low concentrations.
  • the low vapor pressure promotes the condition whereby proportionally only low concentrations of the molecules are available in gas phase.
  • the low concentrations compounded with the generally high adsorptivity of polar molecules on most surfaces promote inefficient transport through small diameter conduits and low gas flow rates. It is probable, at standard temperatures, that only a small fraction of highly polar molecules are transported through the entire length of the carrier gas return pneumatic lines. Therefore, it could become necessary to heat the transport lines or treat chemically the inside surface of the return lines to obtain efficient and repeatable transport of polar gas molecules from the implant to the interface.
  • the basic function of the systems 10 and 110 is to lift soil gases to the surface in a form suitable for on-site analysis/monitoring and secondary sampling, i.e., at concentration levels above the analyzer/monitor lower detection limit in a non-interfering carrier gas.
  • all system soil gas species required concentration levels are established directly by the analyzer/monitor performance specifications.
  • the converse relationship can also apply.
  • the soil fluid species vapor pressure and its dispersed condition together with system performance will establish the concentration range of the gas species obtained at the interface and will define the most adequate analyzer/monitor.
  • Table 1 illustrates performance characteristics of the systems 10 and 110 for a variety of soil fluid species, including gases and liquids and a dissolved liquid in liquid water. Equations (1) through (7) were used to obtain the system performance estimates.
  • the tubular membrane permeability coefficients for all the fluid species listed except water is assumed at 2 x 10 ⁇ 9 std./ml./min.-cm -torr/cm. This assumption is a reasonably close approximation used only to obtain an estimate of the fluid species concentration at the surface. It is a reasonable assumption that the concentration levels obtained for each fluid species can range from 1/3 to 3 times those listed in Table 1. An examination of Table 1 provides revealing insight on the systems' 10 and 110 performance.
  • the analysis/monitoring for TCE in liquid water saturated with TCE requires a more sensitive detector such as an electron capture detector.
  • a more sensitive detector such as an electron capture detector.
  • a flue gas system 210 is also provided that includes any suitable water vapor monitor available commercially and a water vapor mass exchange module.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates schematically a deployment of such a system 210 in a flue 84 which may contain a hot gas stream.
  • the embodiment of the system 210 depicted includes a water vapor mass exchanger 86 mounted through the wall of the flue 84 to extend inwardly toward the center of the flue cross section as shown to be in the flow of the hot flue gases.
  • Operation of the depicted system 210 is as follows: (a) dry nitrogen gas or any suitable dry gas flows at a controlled and metered rate from the reservoir 88 through the pneumatic control elements 90-100 to the mass exchanger 86; (b) flue gases, and in particular water vapor, flow by a diffusion process into the mass exchanger 86, which is essentially a segment of semipermeable tubing such as TEFLON; (c) the dry nitrogen carries gas and water vapor from the flue stream mix in the mass exchanger 86; and (d) the mixture is transported to the water vapor monitor 114 where the resulting water vapor content of the carrier gas is analyzed and measured.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates the basic configuration of the mass exchanger 86 which is important in the operation of the invention.
  • the wire cage spool 121 which may be 2 inches (5.08 cm) in diameter and 5 inches (12.7 cm) long, is attached to the flange by a 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) support rod 124, and the TEFLON tubing 122 is wrapped loosely around the spool 121.
  • the entire assembly is attached to the wall of the flue 84 such that the TEFLON tubing 122 is exposed continuously to the flue gas stream.
  • Q c carrier gas flow rate, std ml/min.
  • Q w is dependent exponentially on the absolute temperature of the TEFLON or the flue gas temperature.
  • T R - carrier gas water vapor time rate-of-response to 90 percent, s, and D w TEFLON water vapor diffusion coefficient, cm 2 /s.
  • Table 2 lists the flue gas system 210 performance estimates and the corresponding operating conditions and dimensions of the water vapor mass exchanger 86. For a 10 ml/min carrier gas flow rate and a 300*F (148.74'C) flue stream containing 11 percent ( v / v ) water vapor, the dew point of the sample will be
  • the properties of the TEFLON tube as a diffusion medium may limit the temperature of the flue gas in which the system can operate.
  • An in-line cooler (not shown) may be added to the system whereby the hot gases are extracted from the flue, passed through the cooler to cool the gas to TEFLON temperature working levels and yet be above the flue gas water dew point. The gases then would pass the mass exchanger 86 and then the flue gas would be returned to the flue stack.
  • dissolved ozone from the water stream is transferred to the air stream at a rate proportional to the dissolved ozone concentration.
  • the ozone concentration level in the air stream and the dissolved ozone concentration in the water stream are related by a proportionality factor, the exchange coefficient, comprising a combination of the interface module configurational and operational parameters and water parameters, all described in more detail hereinafter.
  • the resulting air stream ozone concentration is at a significantly lower concentration than it is in the water stream.
  • the gas-phase analyzer may be a Monitor Labs
  • air flowing at 40 ml/min flows into a first (15- ⁇ m) particulate filter 134, then to a charcoal scrubber 136 that removes ozone in the air stream, on to a second but finer (2- ⁇ m) particulate filter 138 to prevent charcoal dust carryover, to a flow meter 140, and then to an ozone exchanger 142 in which ozone is transferred from the water stream to the air stream 132 and subsequently to the analyzer. All components shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 are available commercially as standard items except the ozone exchanger 142.
  • the tube 144 is wound around a mandrel 146.
  • the mandrel 146 has the general appearance of a rolling pin with a cylindrical body 148 and a "handle" or neck 150 adjacent a shoulder 152 at each end of the body 148. Only one end of the mandrel 146 is seen in FIG. 19.
  • a plurality of shallow longitudinal slots 154 are provided at equal spaced positions in the outer surface of the cylindrical body 148.
  • the mandrel 146 with tube 144 thereon is placed within a cartridge 156.
  • a passage 158 is defined between the external wall of the tube 144 and the inner wall 160 of the cartridge 156.
  • the cartridge has means for four connections.
  • a diffuser plate 170 is provided at each end of the mandrel with small holes 172 extending through the diffuser plate 170 provided uniformly around the plate at a radius selected for placing a circle of the holes 172 in approximately the midpoint of a water chamber 174.
  • the diffuser plate 170 is inserted around the neck 150 and abuts the adjacent shoulder 152 at each end of the mandrel.
  • the system may be calibrated in two steps: (1) a four-point gas-phase calibration of the analyzer at sub-ppm ozone levels and (2) a single-point gas-phase calibration of the system at a 1440-ppm ozone level.
  • Equation (11) can also be expressed as:
  • d _ g gas-phase measured ozone concentration, ppb (v/v) .
  • FIG. 19 illustrates the basic configuration of the ozone exchanger which has been built is important to the operation of the invention.
  • a water stream is brought to the ozone exchanger.
  • the ozone flow rate is described by (where TEFLON is the tube material)
  • °-o 3 is dependent exponentially on the absolute temperature of the TEFLON or the water stream temperature.
  • a water temperature reading is necessary to obtain a more precise measurement of the ozone content for those applications where there are wide variations in water stream temperature during normal operation.
  • a thermocouple (not shown) can be inserted in the water stream or the ozone exchanger. The ozone analyzer readout will be corrected by a factor related to water temperature.
  • T R carrier gas water vapor time rate-of-response to 99 percent, s, and

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et système de contrôle d'analyse de gaz, tels que les gazcontaminant l'environnement, comprenant un module de test (16, 116, 86, 142) ayant une portion de paroi d'un tube perméable au gaz (44, 122, 144) servant de membrane pour récupérer les gaz lorsqu'au moins un échantillon de ces gaz à analyser est en présence de la paroi du tube. Le matériau et la structure du tube sont tels que l'impédance de diffusion de la membrane (Itm) du tube est suffisamment faible pour permettre au gaz de s'écouler au travers de la paroi servant de membrane tout en étant suffisamment élevée par rapport à l'impédance à l'extérieur de la paroi du tube pour rendre effectivement insignifiante l'impédance extérieure de sorte que la propriété de l'impédance de diffusion de la membrane de la paroi du tube représente l'impédance de diffusion totale à l'écoulement du gaz au travers de la paroi du tube. Cette structure s'applique à la détection et/ou l'analyse de substances contaminantes dans les sols, les liquides et les gaz.
PCT/US1990/002454 1989-05-04 1990-05-03 Procede et systeme de controle pour l'analyse de gaz WO1990013803A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US347,424 1989-05-04
US07/347,424 US5010776A (en) 1989-05-04 1989-05-04 Environmental contamination detection and analyzing system and method
US50213090A 1990-03-29 1990-03-29
US502,130 1990-03-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990013803A1 true WO1990013803A1 (fr) 1990-11-15

Family

ID=26995262

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1990/002454 WO1990013803A1 (fr) 1989-05-04 1990-05-03 Procede et systeme de controle pour l'analyse de gaz

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5660290A (fr)
WO (1) WO1990013803A1 (fr)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2303449A (en) * 1995-07-20 1997-02-19 Robert Gittins Testing soil samples for petroleum hydrocarbon presence
DE19533510A1 (de) * 1995-08-30 1997-03-06 Dirk Dr Thamm Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung flüchtiger und/oder gelöster Komponenten in Flüssigkeiten oder Gasen
DE19726813A1 (de) * 1997-06-25 1999-01-07 Bischoff Wolf Anno Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Verlagerung von im Bodenwasser gelösten Stoffen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
RU2145430C1 (ru) * 1997-01-08 2000-02-10 Степанов Игорь Иванович Способ изучения динамики поведения паров веществ над твердыми телами
NL1015275C2 (nl) * 2000-05-23 2001-11-26 In Situ Technieken B V Bodemreinigingsinrichting/bodembehandelingsinrichting en werkwijze voor het reinigen van de bodem.
DE10240330A1 (de) * 2002-08-31 2004-03-18 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium für Wirschaft und Technologie, dieses vertreten durch den Präsidenten der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Messeinrichtung mit mindestens einer an Gassensormittel anschließbaren Gasprobenentnahmevorrichtung
DE19610402B4 (de) * 1995-08-08 2005-03-17 Kaisergeoconsult Gmbh Bodengas-Sammelanlage
EP1522838A3 (fr) * 2003-10-10 2006-10-04 Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. Essai de l'étanchéité de boîtiers hermétiques pour dispositifs implantables de stockage d'énergie
DE102011085749B3 (de) * 2011-11-04 2013-02-21 Ums Gmbh Fluiddiffusionsmessvorrichtung
RU2489699C1 (ru) * 2012-01-17 2013-08-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Северо-Кавказский научно-исследовательский проектный институт природных газов" (ОАО "СевКавНИПИгаз" Скважинный твердомер
DE102015111232B3 (de) * 2015-07-10 2016-05-12 Umwelt-Geräte-Technik GmbH Vorrichtung zur Entnahme von Bodenlösungen
CN109917082A (zh) * 2019-04-22 2019-06-21 北京金隅红树林环保技术有限责任公司 一种土壤修复过程中抽提污染气体在线监测系统及方法
WO2019154697A1 (fr) * 2018-02-06 2019-08-15 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Méthode de contrôle sur site de la qualité des gaz livrés sur un site industriel consommateur utilisant la technique de la conductivité thermique
CN110672613A (zh) * 2019-11-01 2020-01-10 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 便携式浅层含气地层原位气体浓度量测装置及方法

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3062012A (en) * 1957-09-12 1962-11-06 Phillips Petroleum Co Detection of leaks from underground storage caverns
NL6605194A (fr) * 1966-04-19 1967-10-20
SE311091B (fr) * 1964-10-23 1969-05-27 Nynaes Petroleum Ab
US3734489A (en) * 1969-03-04 1973-05-22 Geomet Mining & Exploration Co Method of prospecting for hydrocarbons
US3976450A (en) * 1973-01-02 1976-08-24 Roland Marcote Gas sample preparation system and method
US4019863A (en) * 1974-04-08 1977-04-26 Anthony Jenkins Selective detection of a constituent in an atmosphere
US4161883A (en) * 1978-05-23 1979-07-24 The Bendix Corporation Conditioning assembly for continuous stack monitoring
US4165630A (en) * 1977-07-14 1979-08-28 North Carolina State University At Raleigh Continuous in-stack pollutant monitoring system
JPS57106837A (en) * 1980-12-24 1982-07-02 Osaka Gas Co Ltd Method of leaking point detection of buried gas pipe
JPS5877650A (ja) * 1981-11-02 1983-05-11 Toshiba Corp 溶存オゾン濃度測定装置
JPS60222742A (ja) * 1984-04-20 1985-11-07 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd ガス貯蔵タンクのガス漏洩検知装置
DD240358A1 (de) * 1985-08-26 1986-10-29 Zentralinstitut Schweiss Verfahren zur fruehzeitigen ermittlung von leckagen an doppelmantelboeden
US4821585A (en) * 1984-12-12 1989-04-18 Eberhard Kempe Probe means for sampling volatile components from liquids or gases
US4857473A (en) * 1985-09-02 1989-08-15 State Of Israel, Ministry Of Agriculture, Water Commission Water sampling system
US4876530A (en) * 1987-10-13 1989-10-24 The Marley Company Method and apparatus for detecting leakage in fuel storage and delivery systems

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3062012A (en) * 1957-09-12 1962-11-06 Phillips Petroleum Co Detection of leaks from underground storage caverns
SE311091B (fr) * 1964-10-23 1969-05-27 Nynaes Petroleum Ab
NL6605194A (fr) * 1966-04-19 1967-10-20
US3734489A (en) * 1969-03-04 1973-05-22 Geomet Mining & Exploration Co Method of prospecting for hydrocarbons
US3976450A (en) * 1973-01-02 1976-08-24 Roland Marcote Gas sample preparation system and method
US4019863A (en) * 1974-04-08 1977-04-26 Anthony Jenkins Selective detection of a constituent in an atmosphere
US4165630A (en) * 1977-07-14 1979-08-28 North Carolina State University At Raleigh Continuous in-stack pollutant monitoring system
US4161883A (en) * 1978-05-23 1979-07-24 The Bendix Corporation Conditioning assembly for continuous stack monitoring
JPS57106837A (en) * 1980-12-24 1982-07-02 Osaka Gas Co Ltd Method of leaking point detection of buried gas pipe
JPS5877650A (ja) * 1981-11-02 1983-05-11 Toshiba Corp 溶存オゾン濃度測定装置
JPS60222742A (ja) * 1984-04-20 1985-11-07 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd ガス貯蔵タンクのガス漏洩検知装置
US4821585A (en) * 1984-12-12 1989-04-18 Eberhard Kempe Probe means for sampling volatile components from liquids or gases
DD240358A1 (de) * 1985-08-26 1986-10-29 Zentralinstitut Schweiss Verfahren zur fruehzeitigen ermittlung von leckagen an doppelmantelboeden
US4857473A (en) * 1985-09-02 1989-08-15 State Of Israel, Ministry Of Agriculture, Water Commission Water sampling system
US4876530A (en) * 1987-10-13 1989-10-24 The Marley Company Method and apparatus for detecting leakage in fuel storage and delivery systems

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Formulation and Evaluation of a Hazardous Waste Probe suitable for Field Applications", 01 February 1986, prepared by DR. HARRY HEMOND, WATER RESOURCES DIVISION, DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING M.I.T., pp. 1-80. *

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2303449A (en) * 1995-07-20 1997-02-19 Robert Gittins Testing soil samples for petroleum hydrocarbon presence
DE19610402B4 (de) * 1995-08-08 2005-03-17 Kaisergeoconsult Gmbh Bodengas-Sammelanlage
DE19533510A1 (de) * 1995-08-30 1997-03-06 Dirk Dr Thamm Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung flüchtiger und/oder gelöster Komponenten in Flüssigkeiten oder Gasen
RU2145430C1 (ru) * 1997-01-08 2000-02-10 Степанов Игорь Иванович Способ изучения динамики поведения паров веществ над твердыми телами
DE19726813A1 (de) * 1997-06-25 1999-01-07 Bischoff Wolf Anno Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Verlagerung von im Bodenwasser gelösten Stoffen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19726813C2 (de) * 1997-06-25 2003-03-27 Bischoff Wolf Anno Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Verlagerung von im Bodenwasser gelösten Stoffen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
NL1015275C2 (nl) * 2000-05-23 2001-11-26 In Situ Technieken B V Bodemreinigingsinrichting/bodembehandelingsinrichting en werkwijze voor het reinigen van de bodem.
DE10240330B4 (de) * 2002-08-31 2005-08-04 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium für Wirschaft und Technologie, dieses vertreten durch den Präsidenten der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Messeinrichtung mit mindestens einer an Gassensormittel anschließbaren Gasprobenentnahmevorrichtung
DE10240330A1 (de) * 2002-08-31 2004-03-18 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium für Wirschaft und Technologie, dieses vertreten durch den Präsidenten der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Messeinrichtung mit mindestens einer an Gassensormittel anschließbaren Gasprobenentnahmevorrichtung
EP1522838A3 (fr) * 2003-10-10 2006-10-04 Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. Essai de l'étanchéité de boîtiers hermétiques pour dispositifs implantables de stockage d'énergie
DE102011085749B3 (de) * 2011-11-04 2013-02-21 Ums Gmbh Fluiddiffusionsmessvorrichtung
RU2489699C1 (ru) * 2012-01-17 2013-08-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Северо-Кавказский научно-исследовательский проектный институт природных газов" (ОАО "СевКавНИПИгаз" Скважинный твердомер
DE102015111232B3 (de) * 2015-07-10 2016-05-12 Umwelt-Geräte-Technik GmbH Vorrichtung zur Entnahme von Bodenlösungen
WO2019154697A1 (fr) * 2018-02-06 2019-08-15 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Méthode de contrôle sur site de la qualité des gaz livrés sur un site industriel consommateur utilisant la technique de la conductivité thermique
AU2019218942B2 (en) * 2018-02-06 2024-10-10 Carbagas Method for on-site testing of the quality of gases delivered to a industrial consumer site, using a thermal conductivity technique
CN109917082A (zh) * 2019-04-22 2019-06-21 北京金隅红树林环保技术有限责任公司 一种土壤修复过程中抽提污染气体在线监测系统及方法
CN110672613A (zh) * 2019-11-01 2020-01-10 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 便携式浅层含气地层原位气体浓度量测装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5660290A (en) 1990-11-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5010776A (en) Environmental contamination detection and analyzing system and method
US4725551A (en) Rapid leak detection system
US5767390A (en) System and method for storage system leak detection
US4709577A (en) System for continuously monitoring for leaks in underground storage tanks
US5942440A (en) Method for detecting organic contaminants in water supplies
US6979363B2 (en) Vapor trap system for detecting volatile organic chemical vapors
US5786527A (en) Method and apparatus for testing soil contamination
US5293931A (en) Modular, multi-level groundwater sampler
WO1990013803A1 (fr) Procede et systeme de controle pour l'analyse de gaz
Wood et al. Hazardous pollutants in class II landfills
Kreamer et al. A field technique to measure the tortuosity and sorption‐affected porosity for gaseous diffusion of materials in the unsaturated zone with experimental results from near Barnwell, South Carolina
Kitto et al. Direct comparison of three methods for the determination of radon in well water
McAlary et al. A case study of soil‐gas sampling in silt and clay‐rich (low‐permeability) soils
Yurkevich et al. Continuous monitoring system for soil gas migration in leaking Oil and Gas wells
Balfour et al. Sampling approaches for the measurement of volatile compounds at hazardous waste sites
Ullom Soil gas sampling
Kerfoot Shallow-probe soil-gas sampling for indication of ground-water contamination by chloroform
Patterson et al. Volatile organic compounds in groundwater, probes for the analysis of
Fischer et al. An investigation of the transport and microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in the subsurface at a gasoline-spill site in Galloway Township, New Jersey
Hers et al. Evaluation of soil gas sampling and analysis techniques at a former petrochemical plant site
Liang et al. A New Leak Detection System for Long‐Distance Pipelines Utilizing Soil‐Gas Techniques
Rosen et al. Comparison of downhole and surface sampling for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water
Watson et al. Mercury source zone identification using soil vapor sampling and analysis
Burge et al. Automated ground water sampling and analysis of trichloroethene using a “universal” sampling/analytical system
Rossabi et al. In situ, subsurface monitoring of vapor-phase TCE using fiber optics

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AU BG BR CA FI HU JP KP KR MC NO RO SU

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LU NL SE

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA

点击 这是indexloc提供的php浏览器服务，不要输入任何密码和下载